پروانه قدسی

Paying attention to the problem of reducing chronic pain in the elderly has become an important and vital issue in the direction of life expectancy, and it seems that compassion therapy and integrated spiritual therapy can each be effective in the development of coping with pain in the elderly. Thus, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of compassion therapy and integrated spiritual therapy on coping strategies for the elderly with chronic pain.

The present study was applied and a semi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was composed of elderly people with chronic pain in the Noura Center for the Elderly located in Tehran in 1402. The number of elderly sample in the present study was 45 people (N=15 in each group) who were selected in a targeted way. The tool of the research was Rosenstein and Kief pain coping strategies questionnaire. The method of data analysis was analysis of variance with repeated measurements using spss software version 27.

The research results showed that compassion therapy is effective on pain coping strategies in the elderly with chronic pain (F=43.114, P<0.01) with an effect size of 53%, and spiritual integrated therapy is effective on pain coping strategies. (F=85.635, P <0.01) is effective in the elderly with chronic pain with an effect size of 69%, and there is also a difference between the effectiveness of compassion therapy and integrated spiritual therapy on coping strategies for the elderly with chronic pain (0.027= p) There is a significant difference at the error level of 0.01.

It can be concluded that compassion therapy is more effective than spiritual integrated therapy on coping strategies for the elderly with chronic pain.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of psychological capital training on the perceived stress and psychological coherence in elderly caregivers. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design and Two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study was made up of elderly caregivers of centers under the supervision of the Ministry of Health in Tehran in 2022. 36 elderly caregiver were selected through available sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received ten sessions of psychological capital training during two-and-a-half-months. The applied questionnaires in this study included Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983) and Psychological Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (Flensborg, Ventegodt, Merrick, 2006). The collected data were analyzed through Covariance via SPSS23 software. The results showed that psychological capital training has significant effect on the perceived stress (P<0/001; Eta=0.59; F=36.79) and psychological coherence (P<0/001; Eta=0.61; F=40.32)  in elderly caregivers. According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that psychological capital training can be used as an efficient method to decrease the perceived stress and increase psychological coherence in elderly caregivers by using basic concepts such as self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy on the marital distress of women affected by infidelity. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with baseline measurement after intervention and three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study included the statistical population of the present study, including all women affected by the betrayal of Tehran in 1402, who had referred to counseling centers in the 1st district of Tehran. According to the research design, a sample of 30 people was selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). Marital burnout questionnaire was used in three stages to collect data. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of emotion-oriented couple therapy program, and the control group, which was on the waiting list, did not receive any training. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test. The results showed that after controlling the effects of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the post-test average of the two groups in marital despondency, which can indicate the effectiveness of the mentioned intervention on the mentioned variable and Also, the stability of the effectiveness is in the follow-up phase. The results of this research showed that emotion-oriented couple therapy can be used as a psychological intervention in reducing the marital despondency of women affected by infidelity.

 Socialization and the ability to interact with others is essential. Healthy social growth requires the natural and healthy development of personality and learning social skills. Storytelling is a great way to help intellectual development in children. This study aims to investigate the effect of storytelling on the social-emotional skills of primary school male students in Iran.

 This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population included all 12-year-old primary school male students in Tehran (educational district 1) in 2019-2020. Using a purposive sampling method, 40 eligible students were selected and randomly assigned to intervention (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The intervention group received the storytelling program at 14 sessions of 30 minutes, two sessions per week. The Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale was used to collect the data, which was completed by the students. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

 There was a significant difference between the two groups in social-emotional skills (P<0.05).  The scores increased in the intervention group after storytelling. In the two-month follow-up phase, the changes were stable.

 Storytelling is an effective way to increase primary school male students’ social-emotional skills and can be used in educational settings.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of self-compassion training on the perceived stress and psychological coherence in elderly caregivers.

 Materials and Methods:

 It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design and Two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study was made up of elderly caregivers of centers under the supervision of the Ministry of Health in Tehran in 2022. 36 elderly caregiver were selected through available sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received ten sessions of self-compassion training during two-and-a-half-months. The applied questionnaires in this study included Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983) and Psychological Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (Flensborg, Ventegodt, Merrick, 2006). The collected data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software.

Results:

 The results showed that self-compassion training has significant effect on the perceived stress and psychological coherence in elderly caregivers.

According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that self-compassion training can be used as an efficient method to decrease the perceived stress and increase psychological coherence in elderly caregivers through focusing on the method of Visualizing compassion for self and others, using creative helplessness, articulating worthwhile goals, fostering compassionate behaviors, and developing intelligent behaviors.

The purpose of present study was to examine the causal relationship between Cognitive Emotion Regulation and psychological well-being, considering the mediating role of mindfulness in middle school students in Tehran.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on a sample of 352 people using a multi-stage cluster sampling method among all the second grade high school students of the district 2, Tehran province, during the academic year, in 2020-21. data were collected using Gratz & Roemer’s difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) (2004), Ryff’s Psychological well-being inventory (2002) and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (2006). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling, with AMOS and SPSS software version 24 at a significance level of P<0.01.  

The structural model of predicting psychological well-being based on the Cognitive Emotion Regulation with the mediating role of mindfulness in students had a good fit with the collected data (P<0.01). Therefore, the cognitive emotion regulation through the mediation of mindfulness significantly explain the psychological well-being of middle school students.

Considering the positive significant relationship between psychological well-being and cognitive emotion regulation and confirming the mediating role of mindfulness, school admins can provide life skills workshops at educational environments, so by increasing the students’ level of mindfulness, enhance the possibility of using the positive skills of cognitive emotions regulation

Choosing appropriate treatment methods that help to solve the problems of older adults will be a great help for human societies. Feelings of loneliness (FOL) is one of the important problems of older adults that affects the health, well-being and longevity of them, and any effort to solve it seems necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and spirituality therapy on FOL in older adults. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of older adults who were member of neighborhood community centers in Tehran in 2022. The sample of the research consisted of included 54 older people aged 60-75 years, selected using convenience sampling method and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly assigned into two experimental groups with 17 members each (MBCT and spiritual therapy) and a control group with 20 members. The measure was Russell et al.’s Loneliness Questionnaire. One of the experimental groups underwent eight 90-minute sessions of MBCT based on the guidelines of Tizdel et al. and the other experimental group received ten sessions of spiritual therapy based on the instructions of Waziri et al. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24. The results indicated that both MBCT and spirituality therapy groups significantly reduced FOL compared to the control group in both the post-test and follow-up phases (P<.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two therapeutic methods in both the post-test and follow-up phases in reducing FOL (P>.05). Based on the findings of this research, it is suggested to use MBCT and spiritual therapy as therapeutic methods to help reduce FOL in older adults.

The aim of this research was to predict psychological wellbeing in elderly, based of emotion regulation strategies, quality of attachment to God, and existential anxiety. Statistical sample included 218 elderlies over 60 years old, attending in the parks of urban districts 2&5 in Tehran, selected in a non-random accessible way, based on Green rule of thumb method. The research was a descriptive correlation research type, using Reef psychological well-being questionnaire (long form), Garnefski& co cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire, GhobaryBonab attachment to God questionnaire, and Good& Good existential anxiety questionnaire for data control. Pearson correlation coefficient test and regression analysis were used for data analyze and research hypotheses control. The results indicated the significance level of the variables of positive and negative emotion regulation strategies, quality of attachment to God and existential anxiety were less than 0.05(P<0.05). As a result, there is a significant relationship between noted variables and psychological well-being. This means that positive emotion regulation strategies and quality of attachment to God are positive significant predictors of psychological wellbeing; while negative emotion regulation strategies and existential anxiety are negative significant predictors of psychological wellbeing.

Exploring the intricacies of television series characters from a psychological perspective is pivotal for gaining a deeper insight into these personas and amplifying the influence of these media productions. One notably effective theory in this context is Alfred Adler's theory of inferiority complex. Consequently, this article aims to elucidate the factors contributing to the development of an inferiority complex and its repercussions within the character of the anti-hero in the series "Molkavan," while also examining the mechanisms of compensation employed. As the character's actions serve as a reflection of their psychological realm, pivotal scenes featuring the active involvement of the anti-hero have been purposefully selected. Subsequently, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the character's actions are delineated in accordance with the theoretical constructs advanced by Adler. The findings indicate that the establishment of feelings of inferiority within the series' anti-hero arises from childhood comparisons with peers. Subsequently, as a consequence of setbacks in both their professional and familial spheres, manifestations of the inferiority complex, such as "envy," "hatred," "arrogance," "narcissism," "greed," and "vengefulness," emerge in the character. Ultimately, the character endeavors to redress suppressed impulses through a "compensation mechanism," albeit with unsuccessful outcomes. It is recommended that, in television series, alongside individuals who struggle to control their sense of inferiority, characters who can effectively manage this detrimental emotion should also be portrayed. Such a portrayal would improve the educational function of these media productions for their audience.

Background &

Infertility makes people susceptible to mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety (3). Failure to pay attention to mental disorders and their symptoms such as interpersonal relationship problems, marital dissatisfaction, and decreased sexual desire creates a vicious cycle that reduces the possibility of infertility treatment and also leads to divorce (4). In societies where cultural norms value women more than the role of motherhood, infertility causes instability in cohabitation, domestic violence, and isolation (5). Infertility, because it causes a woman's inability to achieve the desired social role, is often associated with psychological distress (6) and affects their psychological, physical, social well-being and life expectancy (5).
But among the various factors, one of the most important variables in infertile women is psychological distress. In a general definition, psychological distress is emotional suffering that may have a negative impact on people's social functions and daily life (7) and is characterized by symptoms of depression and anxiety (8). Another important variable in the society of infertile women is infertility self-efficacy (9). Infertility self-efficacy means infertile people's perception of their abilities to use behavioral, emotional and cognitive capabilities in facing the diagnosis and medical treatment of infertility (11).
Finally, the quality of life is a broad concept that includes different areas of human life, including health (12). Quality of life is people's sense of their abilities regarding physical, emotional and social functions, and today it is considered as one of the indicators of development, which is very important to improve (14).
Due to the importance of infertility and the negative consequences of infertility in women, many interventions with different approaches have been formulated to reduce the psychological problems of infertile women. One of the therapeutic approaches that can be effective in psychological distress, infertility self-efficacy and also the quality of life of infertile women is schema therapy (15). Schema therapy is one of the most widely used third wave treatments, which was proposed by Jeffrey Young (16). The basis of schema theory is the principle of coordination. People are motivated to perpetuate their self-consistent view of the world and themselves and tend to interpret situations in such a way that their schemas are confirmed (17).
Another treatment approach that seems to be effective in psychological distress, infertility self-efficacy, and also the quality of life of infertile women, is the treatment based on acceptance and commitment (13). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment is one of the treatments of the third wave of the cognitive-behavioral approach, whose primary goal is to increase the quality of life by reducing the effect of ineffective control strategies and supporting behavioral change based on values (22). According to the above material, the researcher is trying to answer the question whether the effectiveness of treatment based on schema therapy has an effect on psychological distress, infertility self-efficacy and the quality of life of infertile women in Tehran.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group for this purpose among infertile women who had referred to the infertility treatment centers of districts 1 to 5 of Tehran in 1401. With the coordination of the director of the infertility centers of regions 1 to 5, the health and care officer of the center provided the files of the infertile people to the researcher and while contacting the infertile women, they were given explanations about the working method. Based on this, 30 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups.
In the first session and before the beginning of the treatment sessions, a pre-test and at the end of the last session, a post-test was conducted in both groups. A follow-up meeting was held in the same place after three months. The experimental group participated in schema therapy group sessions twice a week for ten 2-hour sessions. This treatment protocol with the opinion of clinical experts and the use of reliable sources (16) is presented by sessions in Table 1.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of psychological distress in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Also, the interaction effect between time and group is significant, which shows that the mean scores of psychological distress of infertile women are different at different times according to the variable levels of the group. That is, there is a significant difference between the two groups (the second experimental group and the control group) in the reduction of the psychological distress scores of infertile women from the pre-test stage to the follow-up. Also, the significance of the group factor on the psychological distress scores of infertile women indicates that regardless of the measurement time, there is a significant difference between the mean psychological distress scores of the experimental and control groups (P=0.001).
Another finding showed that there is a significant difference between the mean infertility self-efficacy scores in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Also, the interaction effect between time and group is also significant, which shows that the mean infertility self-efficacy scores of infertile women are different at different times according to the variable levels of the group. That is, there is a significant difference between the two groups (the second experimental group and the control group) in the increase in infertility self-efficacy scores of infertile women from the pre-test stage to follow-up. Also, the significance of the group factor on the infertility self-efficacy scores of infertile women indicates that regardless of the measurement time, there is a significant difference between the mean infertility self-efficacy scores of the experimental and control groups (P=0.002). (Table 3).
As can be seen in Table 4, there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the quality of life in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up. It was also found that the quality of life scores of infertile women are different at different times according to the variable levels of the group. That is, there is a significant difference between the two groups (the second experimental group and the control group) in the increase in the quality of life scores of infertile women from the pre-examination stage to the follow-up. Also, the significance of the group factor on the quality of life scores of infertile women indicates that regardless of the measurement time, there is a significant difference between the mean quality of life scores of the experimental and control groups (P=0.002).

Schema therapy by emphasizing the change of maladaptive coping styles and maladaptive schemas formed in childhood and explaining how they are effective in processing and facing life events in therapy instead of ineffective coping styles and strategies provides an opportunity for the patient to stop negative evaluation and avoidance. and instead use normal and adaptive coping strategies (27).
Schema therapy is used to change processes and activities such as negative rumination, threat monitoring, focusing on danger, selling thoughts and behaviors such as behavioral, cognitive, and emotional avoidance that people prone to depression use to deal with the perceived inconsistency and regulate the resulting negative emotions. they give, it pays, and in this way it reduces the feeling of helplessness and inefficiency in a person (30).
This approach is effective by challenging incompatible schemas and ineffective responses and replacing them with inappropriate and healthier thoughts and responses. Schema therapy, with the ability to improve some basic and destructive components such as negative emotions and thoughts, depression, anxiety, personality abnormalities, etc., seems to be able to improve the omponents of the quality of life in people (28).

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the schema therapy approach with the therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the self-control of married women and men with extramarital relationships.

In this research, the statistical population included married men and women who had an extramarital relationship, who, due to the disclosure of their extramarital relationship, in the 12 months of 2019 and the first 9 months of 2014, went to four counseling and psychological clinics in Tehran, which are available. The researcher of this research was located, they referred. Among the couples, 45 were randomly selected (23 women and 22 men). To implement the project, the researcher used the purposeful sampling method and the self-control questionnaire of Tanji (2004) was distributed among three groups of subjects (two experimental groups and one control group). Then the effect of independent variable or two treatment methods on two dependent variables was compared. After conducting 10 ninety-minute sessions of schema therapy once a week and 8 ninety-minute sessions of therapy based on acceptance and commitment once a week, the experimental and control groups were subjected to a post-test. In this research, the analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data, and the independent t-test was used to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment.

The findings showed that self-control in the experimental group of schema therapy increased by 31.66. Also, self-control in the test group of acceptance and commitment increased by 37.87 in the post-test, while in the control group, the increase in both groups was below one score, and the covariance analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the two approaches on self-control. Also, the findings showed that there is no significant difference between the two treatment approaches in terms of effectiveness in self-control.

Based on the findings, the schema therapy approach with treatment based on acceptance and commitment has a significant effect on the self-control of married women and men with extramarital relationships.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group training based on solution-based approach on self-efficacy and marital satisfaction of married women. Which was done by semi-experimental designs of pre-test and post-test, which were done by bilateral sampling and random appointment in experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included women referring to counseling centers in District 3 of Tehran, from which 30 volunteers were selected. They were assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). To apply the independent variable, the solution-based protocol was used, which was performed for eight weeks, one session per week for 90 minutes. Scherer's self-efficacy questionnaire and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical indicators of standard mean deviation and line graph were used. In the inferential findings and hypothesis tests, ANCOVA and MANCOV tests were used. Before performing this test, the assumptions of these tests were examined. Based on this, it can be concluded that solution-oriented group training on self-efficacy and satisfaction. Marital status of married women referring to counseling centers in Tehran Region 3 was effective and the relationship was significant (p <0.05). In this study, data were analyzed using SPPS26 software.

The choice of appropriate treatment methods which increase the ability level of the elderly to deal with the physical and mental deficiencies of old age will be a great help to human societies. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and spirituality therapy on the meaning of life and wisdom of the elderly. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the research included of the elderly of Tehran in 2022. The sample size of the research consisted of 54 elderly selected by convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (MBCT and spiritual therapy) and one control group. Used to collect data were Ardelet’s wisdom and Steger et al.’s meaning of life questionnaires. One of the experimental groups underwent eight 90-minute weekly session of MBCT, and the other group received ten 90-minute weekly sessions of spiritual therapy. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24. The results indicated that both MBCT and spiritual therapy are effective on the meaning of life and wisdom of the elderly. However, the effectiveness of the spiritual therapy method on the meaning of life was more than that of the MBCT (P<0.001). Based on the findings of this research, MBCT and spiritual therapy can be used as effective intervention methods to increase the meaning of life and wisdom in the elderly.

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of the schema therapy approach with the therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the emotional intelligence of married women and men with extramarital relationships.

The current research was an applied research and in terms of the research method, it was non-descriptive and quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The current research population included married men and women with extramarital relationship who referred to four counseling and psychological clinics in Tehran in 12 months of 2019 and 9 months of 2014 due to marital disputes with their spouses and the disclosure of their extramarital relationship. Among the couples, 45 couples were randomly selected (23 women and 22 men who committed extramarital relations). The criteria for inclusion in the research included: being married, not pregnant, at least 25 and at most 60 years old, having minimal literacy, not having an acute psychological illness or problem, and registering written informed consent to participate in therapy sessions. In this research, the subjects were placed in three groups of Yang (2003) schema therapy test, acceptance and commitment based test, and control test, and before and after the intervention, they completed Bar-N's (2000) emotional intelligence questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measure variance.

The results showed that the intervention of the experimental schema therapy group (F=6.66, P=0.020) and the group based on acceptance and commitment (F=6.10, P=0.024) on emotional intelligence in the post stage The test is effective and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase; Also, based on the results of Tukey's post hoc test, there is no significant difference between the two groups of schema therapy approach and acceptance and commitment on emotional intelligence in terms of effectiveness.

The aim of this study was to predict the quality of marital life based on childhood trauma and socio-economic status of married women.

The research method was correlational type and the statistical population of the study was the people referred to health centers in Tehran in 2020, of which by random cluster sampling 320 eligible people were included in the study. In the present study in the first phase Districts were selected randomly and participants were selected using online and convenient sampling. Research tools include Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 1994), Socio-Economic Questionnaire (Ghodratnama et al., 2013) and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale by Busby et al. (1995). Research data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis by SPSS-24 software.

In this study, the regression coefficient of physical trauma with marital quality of life was significant at the level of 0.01 (β=-0.331, P=0.001). The regression coefficient of socio-economic status with marital quality of life was significant at the level of 0.01 (β=0.175, P=0.027).

Couples therapists are advised to consider the couple's trauma in couple therapy sessions. Based on the findings of the present study, the need to increase the income of individuals in the family, which promotes socio-economic status, is suggested.

appropriate educational facilities, along with the active and motivated minds of learners, will lead to the progress of the country; Therefore, one of the important research priorities in this field is to identify and investigate the effective factors in the mental health of students, which are considered the main components of the educational system. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the causal relationship between coherent self-awareness and basic psychological needs with psychological well-being with regard to the mediating role of mindfulness in middle school students of Tehran.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on a sample of 352 people, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from among all secondary school students of the 2nd district of Tehran in the academic year of 2019-1400. Ghorbani et al.'s (2008), basic psychological needs of LaGuardia et al.'s (2000), Rief's psychological well-being (1989) and Freiburg's mindfulness (2006) questionnaires were implemented and the data were collected using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods in P>0.01 significance level was analyzed by AMOS software and SPSS version 24.

The structural model of predicting psychological well-being based on basic psychological needs and self-knowledge, with the mediation of mindfulness in students, had an acceptable and favorable fit (P<0.01); Therefore, it can be concluded that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and self-knowledge of coherence with the mediation of mindfulness explains psychological well-being in middle school students.

Considering the positive and meaningful relationship of psychological well-being with basic psychological needs and coherent self-knowledge and confirming the mediating role of mindfulness in this process and the importance of psychological well-being in nurturing and improving the academic performance of students, paying attention to the level of mindfulness and satisfying the basic psychological needs of students in schools It is very important and it is recommended that schools organize programs in their work program to improve the level of self-awareness of students and to familiarize and apply more concepts such as mindfulness, and to plan educational environments in a way that can meet the basic needs of students.

Cognitive flexibility is one of the most important variables related to marital relationships The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group training based on the solution-oriented approach to flexibility, cognition and marital satisfaction of married women.

This study was a quasi-experimental design of pre-test and post-test that was performed by bilateral and random sampling in experimental and control groups. The statistical population included women referring to counseling centers in District 3 of Tehran, from which 30 volunteers were selected. They were divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The solution-based protocol was used to apply the independent variable, which was run for 90 minutes per week for eight weeks. Dennis and Fenderval Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. Data in SPPS26 software were used in two sections of descriptive findings using standard mean standard deviation and linear graph statistical indices and in inferential findings and hypothesis tests using ANCOVA and MANCOVA tests.

Solution-based group training had an effect on cognitive flexibility and marital satisfaction of married women referring to counselling centers in Tehran Region 3 and the relationship was significant (p <0.50).

Due to the effectiveness of solution-oriented group training on marital satisfaction and cognitive flexibility, solution-oriented treatment is expected to be introduced to therapists and family counsellors at the university, municipal, municipal cultural centers and justice counseling centers to use this treatment for Take practical steps to improve marital satisfaction and self-efficacy.

importance of executive functions for educational successes is demonstrated. There are many cognitive training for improving executive functions like neurofeedback and Capitan log software. So the present research aimed to determine and evaluate neurofeedback and Capitan log on Female elementary school students in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2019. this research is semi experimental study with control group and statistical population were all female elementary students in 4grade. Then 90 students were selected by multi stage clustering method and designated into three groups (2 experimental and 1 control) after screening by inclusion criteria. Daneman and Carpenter working memory scale (1980) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) were used for measuring before and after and in following up test. Two experimental groups received 20 sessions of interventions and control group didn’t receive any intervention. Covariance analysis and spss21 were used for analysis of data. neurofeedback and Capitan log interventions had significant effects on storage of working memory and response inhibition in students. these interventions can be used to improve working memory and response inhibition to increase educational achievement.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of adolescent psychological well-being based on basic needs, parent-child relationship and responsibility through self-efficacy.

The research method is applied and descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study included first grade high school girls in the second district of Hamadan in the academic year 1399-1398 (n = 1200). The sample group was selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method with 3 people. Standard questionnaires for satisfying basic psychological needs, responsibility, parent-child relationship, psychological well-being and general self-efficacy were used to collect information. Data analysis was also done using SmartPLS structural equations.

The results showed that the psychological well-being model of adolescents based on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, parent-child relationship and responsibility with self-efficacy mediation has a good fit. Also, the variables of basic needs satisfaction, parent-child relationship, responsibility and self-efficacy can predict adolescents' psychological well-being. In addition, the results showed that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in predicting adolescent psychological well-being based on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, parent-child relationship and responsibility.

The results showed that there is a relationship between adolescents' psychological well-being model based on basic needs, parent-child relationship and responsibility with mediation of self-efficacy.

The aim of this study was to develop a new English language teaching approachand compare its effectiveness with that of conventional instructionon the motivation of English. To this end, testing was carried out in a girl’s high school in Tehran. Type of applied research with a combined method that consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative; In the qualitative part, the content analysis method has been used and experts have been used to determine the validity and validation of the formal and content validity of the protocol. In a small part of the quasi-experimental research design, it is a pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study includes the first female high school students in the first district of Tehran in the academic year 1399-1398, which, considering the inclusion criteria, 50 people were selected from them and then randomly divided into two groups: N) and the conventional method group (n = 25) were replaced and the training of the new and common method was performed in 14 sessions on both groups. English language motivation questionnaire was used to collect data and intra-group and extra-group analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The results showed that teaching in the new English language method was more effective in motivation than the conventional method in English. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that English teachers can use this method as a technique.

Role of executive functions in developing intellectual, personality, social skills and educational achievement is approved. On the other hand, executive dysfunctions including working memory problems and response disinhibiting may lead to impulsivity, inattention, behavioral problems, communication problems and social non-adjustment. So the present research aimed to determine and evaluate neurofeedback and Capitan log on response inhibition and storage of working memory.

This research was semi experimental study with control group and statistical population were all female elementary students in 4grade in Tehran in 2019-2020. Then 90 students were selected by multi stage clustering method and designated into three groups (2 experimental and 1 control) after screening by inclusion criteria. Daneman and Carpenter working memory scale (1980) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) were used for measuring before and after and in following up test. Two experimental groups received 20 sessions of interventions and control group didn’t receive any intervention. Covariance analysis and spss21 were used for analysis of data.

Neurofeedback and Capitan log interventions had significant effects on storage of working memory and response inhibition in students (p<0/05) but neurofeedback was more effective than Capitan log.

These interventions can be used to improve working memory and response inhibition to increase educational achievement.

 Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder in adults often occurs with problems related to executive functions such as working memory. The present study was conducted in 2016 to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training on the working memory of adults with ADHD.

 This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all students aged 20-40 years with ADHD in Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch in 2021. The sample consisted of 24 students who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12). Research instruments including demographic questionnaire, hyperactivity rating scale with adult attention deficit Barclay (2011) and Wechsler memory test (1941) were used. Cognitive rehabilitation training consisted of 18 software training exercises and 12 manual exercises (pencil-paper) focusing on memory, attention, inhibition, and mind-reading, which were presented to the experimental group in 15 sessions of 45 minutes. The collected data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS (version 24) software.

 The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation training on working memory had a significant effect on verbal learning, visual memory, repetition of numbers, and logical memory in adults with ADHD with attention deficit in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05).

 The results showed the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training on the working memory of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, clinical psychologists and therapists can use cognitive rehabilitation along with other treatments to improve the working memory of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study was to develop a new English language teaching approach and compare its effectiveness with that of the conventional instruction on learning of English. To this end, testing was carried out in a girl’s high school in Tehran. The applied research type was a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative part, a new educational method was compiled based on a theoretical framework and research using a classification approach and content analysis. Expert opinion was used to determine the validity and confirm the formal and content validity of the protocol. In the quantitative part, the pre-test was a semi-experimental research project and the post-test included a control group. The statistical population comprised ninth-grade female students from a high school indistrict one of Tehran. The study was carried out during the 2019-2020 academic year. Fifty subjects were selected according to the entrance criteria and were randomly assigned to either the new method group or the conventional methodgroup (25 subjects in each group). Each type of instruction was carried out over the course of 14 sessions. Data for analysis was collected by means of an English language test. Intra-group and extra-group analysis of variance was used. The results revealed that the new approach toEnglish instruction was more effective than the conventional method with regard learning. The findings of this study indicate the new approach is an effective teaching technique that teachers and English language instructors can use to increase student learning and academic progress when compared with the conventional English language teaching method.

It seems that the main source of smartphone addiction in teenagers and young adults is environmental stress such as school and family; The present study was conducted with the aim of smartphone management styles and smartphone addiction: the mediating role of hot executive functions in students.

The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of normal schools for boys and girls aged 15 to 18 years living in Tehran in 1399-1400, from which 722 people were selected by available sampling method. In this study, mobile dependency tools (Bianchi and Phillips, 2005), smartphone management styles (Hsieh et al., 2019) and executive functions (Balster Gerrard et al., 2000) were used, all of which have valid credibility and reliability, they were accepted. SPSS-V24 and Amos-V8.8 software were used to analyze the data.

Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results also showed that the direct standard path of smartphone management on smartphone addiction is indirect and significant (P=0.05).

The results showed that the effect of direct standard of smartphone management on phone addiction is significant and the effect of indirect standard of smartphone management on phone addiction with the mediating role of hot executive functions is significant. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing more appropriate therapies will help researchers and therapists.

Considering the importance of students’ well-being and the study of variables affecting it, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between basic psychological needs gratification and students’ psychological well-being.

The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all female junior high school students in the second district of Hamedan in the academic year 2019-2020 (N = 1200). The statistical sample of this study was selected using Two-stage cluster random sampling method with 302. For data collection, Basic Needs Gratification (Haftlang et.al, 2015), Psychological Well-being (Ryff & Keyes, 1989) and General Self-efficacy (Sherer and Maddux, 1982) questionnaires were used. The collected data were also analyzed using AMOS structural equations.

The results of data analysis showed that the gratification of basic psychological needs and self-efficacy explain 63% of the variance of psychological well-being. Gratification of basic psychological needs explains 39% of the variance in self-efficacy. In addition, self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on adolescent psychological well-being (p <0.001) and self-efficacy in the relationship between basic needs and psychological well-being of adolescents has a positive mediating role. And has significance (p <0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the psychological well-being model of adolescents has a good fit based on the gratification of basic psychological needswith self-efficacy mediation. The results of this study also showed that self-efficacy has an important role in satisfying the basic psychological needs and psychological well-being of students; therefore, satisfying the basic needs of students leads to increasing their self-efficacy and ultimately can be very effective in increasing the psychological well-being of students.