کورش بامداد

Environmental factors such as electromagnetic waves induce various biological and genetic effects. One of the most important physiological systems involved with electromagnetic fields is the reproductive system. The aim of this research is to investigate blood levels of tumor markers of the uterus and ovaries after receiving short- and mid-term electromagnetic waves emitted from home Wi-Fi equipment.

In this descriptive study, 60 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was considered as control, the second group was placed in the vicinity of Iran cell Wi-Fi waves for 1 hour per day for 10 days, and the third group was in the vicinity of these waves for 3 hours per day for 1 month. After certain periods of time, blood samples were taken and the serum levels of cancer antigen 19-9 and cancer antigen 125 were measured using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed by SPSS program using t-test method with significance level of P≤0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in the serum levels of uterine and ovarian tumor markers in the third group that were exposed to WiFi waves for a medium period of time in comparison with the control group and the second group which were affected short-term by Wi-Fi waves (P≤0.05), but the concentration of these tumor markers hadn't significant difference between the second groups and control group (P>0.05).

Exposure to electromagnetic fields, depending on the duration and intensity of the wave, can lead to changes in the level of tumor markers of reproductive system components such as the uterus and ovaries. More extensive studies with more samples and also on human samples are recommended to show the potential risks of exposure to electromagnetic waves on carcinogenesis in females.

Nowadays, due to the increasing spread of electronic devices and digital transmitters, the general public is exposed to electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths. According to the function of the thyroid gland on the metabolic actions of the body, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone after receiving short-term and long-term electromagnetic waves emitted from home Wi-Fi.

60 rats in the weight range of 250-300 grams were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. The first group did not receive any waves. The second group was placed near Irancell's portable Wi-Fi device for 10 days,1 hour a day, and the third group was near Wi-Fi waves for 3 hours a day for a month. After one month, blood was taken from the mice and the serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone was measured.

The data analysis showed that the serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone in the group that was exposed to medium-term Wi-Fi waves was significantly different from the control group, but the level of this hormone in the group that was exposed to the waves for a short period of time, it was not significant in comparison with the control group.

According to the present results, it is possible that electromagnetic waves lead to hormonal disorders in the body, and one of these disorders can be a change in the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone.

Measuring learning skills in the perceptual-motor field is a practical approach to a better understanding of brain functions. The bilateral learning transfer task of the brain is a task with the coordination of two hands and the interaction of the cognitive function of the brain hemispheres. The purpose of the current research is to measure the performance of the mental maze and the learning of bilateral neural transmission in right-handed and left-handed people.

This study was of a causal-comparative type using a random sampling of 40 female and male students of Shiraz School of Medical Sciences. The research tools included Peterson's mental maze, the motor learning test of drawing in the mirror, and Chapman's questionnaire.

The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the average error and drawing time in the mirror was much lower in the right-handed group than in the left-handed individuals. The right-handed group had a lower mean mental maze error than the left-handed group.

our findings suggest that right-handed people with superior hand skills perform better in bilateral brain transfer learning tasks and draw the figure in the mirror with less time and error. Moreover, they leave behind better skills in spatial memory, which is responsible for storing information in the environment and spatial orientation.

Since new evidence shows the anti-inflammatory effects of selenium, the aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trial articles on the effect of selenium on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in pregnant women.

In this study, Clinicaltrials.gov, ISI web of science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched until April 2024, and all randomized clinical trials that investigated the effect of selenium on serum CRP levels in pregnant women were selected. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to calculate the overall effect size and heterogeneity. Cochran’s Q-test and I-squared tests were also used to assess statistical heterogeneity between studies.

The results of the meta-analysis conducted on the clinical trial studies showed that selenium supplementation reduced the serum CRP level by 3.99 mg/L, which was statistically significant (confidence interval (CI): -2.30, -5.6; 0.001˂P), and the heterogeneity between studies was also significant (0.001

The results showed that selenium supplementation can significantly reduce serum CRP levels in pregnant women. However, it seems that more studies in different parts of the world are still needed to confirm the beneficial effects or side effects of selenium supplementation on CRP levels among pregnant women due to the significant heterogeneity among studies.

Gallium citrate radiopharmaceutical is used in nuclear medicine imaging to detect soft tissue tumors and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in parathormone and thyroid stimulating hormones following radiotherapy with gallium citrate. Sixty male rats were assigned randomly to two groups. The first group was considered as control and the second group received 0.03 mCi of gallium citrate by intraperitoneal injection. After 4h hours, blood sample was taken from their heart and the parameters were measured. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test. The results showed a significant increase in parathyroid hormone, and a significant decrease in thyroid stimulating hormone serum levels of rats treated by gallium citrate.

Considering the importance of the evaluation and identification of BDNF protective pathways, this study was conducted to analyze the expression rate of genes registered in the NCBI database to identify the genes expressed in SH-SY5Y cell line due to BDNF protection and oxidative stress and also to identify the protective pathways of BDNF.
In this study, bioinformatics and NCBI databases and libraries including 48000 datasets were explored and data were collected using Illumina and Bid studio software. In the first phase, sampling was performed manually based on the P-value, and in the second phase, based on the relationship with compatibility of neurons, the Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and linear relationship  were calculated by measuring fit or regression using SPSS version 20.
The Pearson correlation between CMP and CTR data was positive; and the linear regression between them was also positive. The frequency percentage of neuron adapter proteins obtained from CTR data was higher than that from CMP data; and a great number of protective proteins were related to the protection of cell shape and cellular skeleton, and neuron survival.
Due to the contact of neurons with BDNF, some genes are specifically expressed, therefore, BDNF can increase the life and compatibility of neurons.

The liver is an organ at risk in radiotherapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors. In this study was investigated the alteration in liver functional tests during radiotherapy with gallium 67 and iodine 131. Materials&

60 male wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: the control without treatment, the experimental groups 1 and 2 received 0.1Mci 131 iodine through oral gavage 0.3Mci 67Gallium with intraperitoneal injection respectively. 48 hours after injection, the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and albumin were checked.

The results showed that level of serum aspartate aminotransferase in 131 iodine group and alanine aminotransferase and albumin significant increased in 131 iodine and 67Gallium than control group.

Regarding liver sensitivity during radiation therapy and elevated serum levels of these enzymes, liver function tests are useful as biomarkers for the detection of raditherapy effects.

X-ray is the one of the types of ionizing electromagnetic rays that is widely used in medical and industrial professions, but also has destructive effects. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of X-ray on count and motility of sperm cells of in adult male rat. 40 male rats were divided into two groups, the treatment group with X-ray with variant radiography and control group, respectively. Then, the total number of sperms and their mobility were analyzed by T-test in both groups. The results showed that X-ray was reduced the total number of sperms significantly. The number of dead and immotile sperms increased in X-treated conditions compared to control group significantly. However, the number of active- progressive and slow motion and non- progressive sperms in the X-ray treated group was not significantly different with the control group. It is concluded that X-ray can have destructive effects on male reproductive systems, including reduction sperm count and motility.

Humans live in the world of the waves and energies; the waves that are emitted from various sources and are harmful. One of the possible side effects of radioactive substances on the body is its effect on the amount of sperm production and fertility. In the present study, the effect of iodine 131, was investigated on the motility and number of sperm in male rat.

In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were divided into two groups: Treatment group treated with oral gavage of iodine 131 and control group. After 24 hours, the number and motility of sperms in both groups, were analyzed by T statistical test. In this study, there was a significant difference in motility and number of sperm between the iodine 131 treatment group and the control group. Moreover, the number of active progressive and dead immotile sperm in the group treated with iodine 131, respectively, showed significant decrease and increase compared to the control group, but, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the less motile and non-progressive sperms. According to the results of this study, considering iodine 131 is used in the treatment of various diseases, thus, treatment with this method can have harmful effects on male reproductive system, such as motility and sperm count

Consequences of radioisotope Iodine-131 therapy on tissues, organs, and blood parameters is a major concern in patients suffering from thyroid abnormalities that were treated with this classical treatment. Thus the aim of the present study is to assess the variations in the content of calcium, vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, and cortisol in patients treated with radioiodine.
Material & In two different stages, the first step before and then 48 hours after oral administration with radioactive iodine, venous blood from 132 cancerous thyroid female patients was analyzed. There was at least a two-month time gap between their thyroid surgery and the initiation of radioiodine therapy and it was the first time that patients were admitted for treatment with radioactive iodine. In this 48-hour period variations in calcium, vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, and cortisol of the blood serum was measured. Each patient was compared to herself; however, the comparison of the entire community was also taken into considerations using statistical methods.
The results showed a significant decrease in levels of vitamin D3; after treatment with Iodine-131. Parathyroid hormone was also significantly reduced after 131I uptake; however, calcium levels remained almost unchanged. On the other hand, the cortisol level increased significantly.
Increasing of cortisol levels; lowering the content of vitamin D3, and decreasing the amount of parathyroid hormone are consequences of treatment with 150 mCi Idine-131 in the understudied population.

Today, we are dealing with the waves including, the waves emitted from wireless devices connecting to the Internet, which can have a different negative impact on human health. The aim of the present study was investigated the effect of electromagnetic waves emitted from the tablet connected to internet on the movement and number of sperm in adult male rat. 40 male rats were divided into two control and treatment groups with electromagnetic radiation emitted from a tablet connected to the Internet, respectively. Sperm count and sperm motility in both groups were analyzed by T-test. The results showed that the electromagnetic waves emitted from the tablet connected to the Internet caused a significant decrease in the total number of sperms and had a significant effect on sperm motility. In the treatment group with electromagnetic waves from tablet, the number of healthy and damaged sperm had significantly decrease and increase respectively compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference between semi motile sperms in the two experimental groups. It can be concluded that the electromagnetic waves emitted from the internet-connected tablet lead to reduced count and motility of sperm.

Nowadays, the beneficial effects of nanomaterials are accepted in medicine and industry. Considering the increasing use of nanoparticles and their possible toxicity, the effect of nanoparticles on oxidative stress markers was investigated in this study.
Material & In this experimental- interventional study, 32 Balb mice were divided into 4 groups of 8. The control group received saline, and other three groups received gold, silver, and zinc oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 100 PPM with IP injection during 28 days. After anesthesia, the tissues of liver, heart and lung were removed, and the activity level of oxidative stress markers was evaluated.
MDA level was significantly increased in zinc oxide treatment group in all three tissues and in gold treatment group in liver tissue. This factor showed a significant decrease in silver nanoparticle treatment in these tissues. The activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in the treatment of silver nanoparticle showed a significant increase. While in the treatment group with zinc oxide and gold nanoparticles, the activity of these enzymes decreased, this decrease was significant only in zinc oxide nanoparticle.
It is concluded that the silver nanoparticle acts as a useful nanoparticle by decreasing MDA and oxidative stress and inducing antioxidant enzymes, while the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle shows its toxicity.

Cyclosporine is known as an immunosuppressive drug. Selenium has antioxidant characteristics. This study investigated the synergistic effects of radiation therapy emitted from Gamma rays with the protective effect of selenium after suppressing the immune system of rats with cyclosporine.
60 adult male mice, randomly divided into 6 groups (5 experimental groups, and one control group). Experimental group number 1: technetium cyclosporine; group number 2: iodine 131 cyclosporine; group number 3: selenium cyclosporine; group number 4: cyclosporine technetium selenium; group number 5: cyclosporine iodine131 selenium. Experimental groups 1 and 4 treated with 75 mCi Technetium in a volume of 0.5 ml through intraperitoneal injection. Experimental groups 1 and 5 treated with 0.5 ml iodine 131 (30 mCi). Experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 received 0.1 mg of selenium per kg of their body weight through gavage method. Control group also treated with 0.5 ml normal saline containing 50 mg cyclosporine per kilograms of their body weight to minimize statistical errors. Six hours after treatment with cyclosporine, about 1 ml of heart blood for determining the content of lymphocytes taken and every 6 hours the population of rats has been counted.
Percentage of lymphocytes and survival rate was significantly decreased in the experimental group 2. Survival rate of rats in the experimental groups 3, 1, and 4, significantly increased compared to the control group.
Treatment with cyclosporine and iodine-131 has a meaningful synergistic effect in the reduction of lymphocyte percentage and also survival time. Selenium and low doses of Technetium has the ability to neutralize the synergistic effect of cyclosporine and iodine-131.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms are the cause of genetic variation to living organisms. Single nucleotide polymorphisms alter residues in the protein sequence. In this investigation, the relationship between prion protein gene polymorphisms and its relevance to pathogenicity was studied.
Material & Amino acid sequence of the main isoform from the human prion protein gene (PRNP) was extracted from UniProt database and evaluated by FoldAmyloid and AmylPred servers. All non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) from SNP database (dbSNP) were further analyzed by bioinformatics servers including SIFT, PolyPhen-2, I-Mutant-3.0, PANTHER, SNPs & GO, PHD-SNP, Meta-SNP, and MutPred to determine the most damaging nsSNPs.
The results of the first structure analyses by FoldAmyloid and AmylPerd servers implied that regions including 5-15, 174-178, 180-184, 211-217, and 240-252 were the most sensitive parts of the protein sequence to amyloidosis. Screening all nsSNPs of the main protein isoform using bioinformatic servers revealed that substitution of Aspartic acid with Valine at position 178 (ID code: rs11538766) was the most deleterious nsSNP in the protein structure.
Substitution of the Aspartic acid with Valine at position 178 (D178V) was the most pathogenic mutation in the human prion protein gene. Analyses from the MutPred server also showed that beta-sheets’ increment in the secondary structure was the main reason behind the molecular mechanism of the prion protein aggregation.