یوسف محمدی فر

National branding is responsible for reputation management on a global scale and it seeks to understand the global perception of the country's brand and create a reputation and credibility that is powerful and attractive and useful for economic, political and social purposes. This article discusses branding, positioning and improving the reputation or renaming of a country in a competitive environment with a focus on economic considerations. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and in two documentary-field stages. The documentary stage was done with a systematic review approach and using the meta-composite method. At this stage, the results of selected researches related to the research topic in international reliable databases between 2000 and 2021 were analyzed based on seven qualitative stages. In addition, an integrated research model was presented. . In the continuation of the research, using the thematic analysis method, interviews were conducted with 7 university experts specializing in the field of research. In summary, the findings showed that national brands are competing in a competitive process in different dimensions (such as improving their image, increasing power and economic influence, etc.). This issue is processed in an interwoven process that combines the dimensions of marketing and public diplomacy, etc., but it can be argued that the output of this confrontation is re-injected into the cycle in a synergistic process. At the end, suggestions were made to strengthen the current image or, if necessary, modify or change the position of the country's national brand.Keywords: positioning, positioning, national branding, competitiveness, political marketing.

Aluminum cans are the most sustainable type of packaging in all directions that can be studied and studied economically in addition to the profound environmental impacts. The following article is taken from a study that examines the future of Aluminum Drink Cans market in Iran. The type of research method used was mixed (a combination of quantitative and qualitative). The methods used were: sleep, Delphi, cross-impact analysis, and scenario writing. In different sections, various tools such as questionnaires, semi-structured in-depth interviews, as well as several software such as Micmac and Senario wizard and 24 SPSS (for quantitative data analysis) were used. The 27 key factors out of the 50 key factors influencing the future of the market were identified by the Delphi method. Then, using the Mac software, five key factors influencing the future of the market (including economic sanctions, international relations, inflation, exchange rate fluctuations and management practices) were identified. Then, five key effective factors were entered into the Wizard Scenario software for scenario development. Finally, economic sanctions and management practices were selected as the main variables for the formulation of the final scenarios, and given the likely conditions ahead, four scenarios were presented for the future of the industry's market. The most likely scenario facing the Aluminum Drink Cans market in Iran shows favorable conditions. On the other hand, the critical conditions of external and internal market factors are not unexpected either.

In recent years, circular business models have attracted the attention of many business fields. The agri-food sector is also facing new challenges in order to reduce losses and food waste along its supply chain. In this context, the adoption and application of circular business models provide opportunities to promote the transition towards a more sustainable performance and a more economically suitable future. Therefore, the current research has identified the benefits of using circular business models in the agri-food sector with a qualitative approach and a meta-synthesis method. In this regard, the number of 57 related studies was evaluated and finally, after reviewing, 29 articles were selected and analyzed using the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso, in two stages of open coding and axial coding. In this way, the most important identified benefits of using circular business models in the agri-food sector were categorized into five main categories: economic, environmental, value chain, marketing and social. In the end, according to the propositions of the research, suggestions were presented. In an important example, the policy makers and those involved in the agri-food sector should raise the awareness of the society (through culture building by television and radio and schools) and farmers (through holding courses and helping to revalue the product and by-products and their labeling). In addition, the creation of facilities and financial incentives can also be effective in providing the prerequisites for the implementation and success of circular business models in agri-food sector.

Entrepreneurship, as the economy's driving force, plays a vital role in job creation, livelihood improvement, and economic growth. In developing countries, which face numerous economic challenges, strengthening the entrepreneurial environment can effectively reduce unemployment and increase social welfare. Therefore, this study examines the government governance model for improving the entrepreneurial environment in Iran, emphasizing enhancing the entrepreneurial culture. This research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-correlational method of structural equation modeling for data collection. The statistical population of this study included all managers and experts active in universities and government in the field of entrepreneurship, from which 196 individuals were selected as samples. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. This study's results emphasize the government's crucial role and its six key roles in improving entrepreneurship. The government should act as a policymaker, leader, and supporter of entrepreneurial culture, alongside media and educational institutions, by implementing targeted and extensive actions to develop an entrepreneurial culture. The current government programs, mostly focused on economic factors, may not yield the desired results due to their one-dimensional nature and require attention to cultural variables. This study provides practical recommendations for planners and policymakers in the business environment sector.

The aim of present study is to identify indicators for development capabilities of digital marketing insurance industry indexes in Iran. It is a development- applied research and it is a descriptive- survey by nature and it is also the mixed type of qualitative and quantitative approach. In this study, extraction of indicators for development capabilities of digital marketing with the help of textual content analysis method is performed and then these indicators are screened in the insurance industry by using Delphi technique and finally, the indicators have been categorized by using the exploratory factor analysis method. In the textual content analysis section, the statistical population of the research includes documents and upstream records related to the development of digital marketing capabilities and the sampling method is purposeful. In Delphi section, the statistical population of the study was 10 insurance industry experts who were selected using purposive sampling and the statistical population in the exploratory factor analysis section is 384 insurance industry experts who were selected by using random sampling method. The field study tool of this research is a questionnaire. Findings show that knowledge of the set of factors and indicators for development of digital marketing capabilities of the insurance industry in Iran is very important for managers and researchers. These indicators include environmental advertising, SMS advertising, customer relationship, and etc. Finally, according to the indicators, indicators were categorized in the three dimensions of marketing research, organization's digital organization, and customer-related factors.

The mismatch between university education and labor market demands is a critical concern for many education systems. However, there's a lack of established models to guide the development of strategies that address this issue. This article aims to bridge this gap by proposing a new, locally-developed model for aligning the development of advanced technical university education with labor market needs.The research employed a mixed methods approach with nested logic. The qualitative section utilized theoretical sampling based on the snowball technique. Interviews were conducted with 17 individuals until reaching theoretical saturation, a point where no new insights emerged. The quantitative section involved a survey administered to 120 experts. The validity of research tools was ensured through self-review techniques and triangulation across data sources. Additionally, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient confirmed the study's reliability.The findings reveal a multi-dimensional and interconnected set of factors influencing the effectiveness of aligning university education with market demands. The proposed model further demonstrates that causal, interventional, and contextual factors influence this phenomenon. Additionally, the model suggests potential economic, educational, and social outcomes associated with implementing strategies for developing advanced technical education. The research identifies "correct planning in strategies" as the most critical factor (total factor load of 4.14), while the presence of "skilled professors with executive experience" plays a less significant role (factor load of 1.000) within the model's framework.

Knowing the processes of Transition from Start-up to Scale-up and removing the obstacles in front of it will determine the success or failure of the Start-up. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of conceptualizing the interpretive structural of Transition barriers from Start-ups to Scale-ups.
This study is practical in terms of its objective and, given its nature, falls into the category of mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research, based on sequential-exploratory design, and data collection through descriptive and field-documentary research. The study population includes all key informants, such as entrepreneurship faculty members with relevant resumes and backgrounds, start-up owners in the transitional and existing scale-up stages, mentors, experts, and planners of relevant organizations in the start-up ecosystem of the country. In this study, three methods of inductive content analysis, Interpretive Structural Modeling, and degree of penetration and dependence analysis were used.
The results led to the identification of 12 obstacles for the Transition from Start-ups to Scale-ups, which were classified into 7 levels after analysis. Also, their level of influence and degree of dependence were determined in a range of independent, linked, and dependent influence.
Barriers to transition from startups to scale-ups in order of levels, including weaknesses in environmental analysis and continuous scanning, weakness in determining appropriate goals and strategies, weakness in reviewing and developing marketing plans, team problems and weaknesses in founder leadership and management, weakness in enhancing the value proposition, weakness in establishing and shaping the structure, weakness in normative and cultural capital within the team, weakness in creating appropriate financial capabilities and reducing costs, weakness in team learning processes and empowerment, weakness in appropriate infrastructure, processes and technologies, weakness in the preparedness of individuals' mental blocks for change, and weakness in selecting the appropriate time for scaling up. The current research has identified and analyzed a set of barriers to the Transition from Start-ups to Scale-ups, which can act as a guide with a step-by-step approach to increase the percentage of successful Transition. Also, the findings of this study can provide appropriate achievements and solutions for policymakers, planners, managers, and stakeholders in the Iranian start-up ecosystem.

Despite the importance of the issue of green marketing challenges in small and medium businesses, little research has been done to summarize and analyze the scattered content of this field. The purpose of this research is to analyze the challenges of green marketing in small and medium businesses.

The upcoming article with a qualitative approach and using the meta-combination method, the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso examines the issue of what challenges there are for the development of green marketing and what are the solutions to face it. Based on this, the articles published in reliable domestic and foreign scientific databases until 2023 were identified and searched, then they were classified and categorized based on the logic of open coding and coding based on sociological structures.

The findings of this study led to the identification of 68 concepts, which were categorized into 12 categories. Finally, the results of the analysis were presented in the form of an analytical model.

Green marketing challenges in small and medium-sized enterprises are affected by the nature of activity and activity environment at three levels: Enterprise level challenges (paradigm-informational-communication-standardization-innovation-marketing-functional) industry/market challenges (industry and market balance) And macro-environmental challenges (environmental-legal-consumers) can be divided, which play a role at a level of independent or intertwined effects. Based on the findings, the improvement of the green marketing situation in small and medium businesses depends on the cooperation and coordination of all three levels of the company, industry/market and macro environmental variables.

One of the main economic concerns of the country and policy-making is the creation of stability in border areas and regional areas, to deal with problems such as unemployment, low agricultural productivity, increasing migration to cities, and marginalization through it. The ecotourism development industry in these areas can solve these problems. This study aims to provide a model to identify the Results of ecotourism development in border areas of Kurdistan province.

In terms of methodology, this research is mixed research that is done with content analysis and Delphi methods. In the content analysis method, data collection was performed using library studies and in the Delphi method, data collection was performed using a questionnaire survey in three rounds. The research community in the content analysis method includes all texts related to the research topic and in the Delphi method, includes eco-tourism industry experts. The sampling method was complete enumeration in the content analysis method and snowball sampling in the Delphi method.

In the Delphi method, 30 experts collaborated with researchers until the end of the third round. In the Delphi method, 22 new indicators were identified, and finally, after three Delphi rounds, 45 indicators were approved by experts, and 9 were not approved.

The research model includes three dimensions (Political, Economic, and Social results), 21 components, and 45 indicators. Paying attention to the model proposed in this research and its practical suggestions can lead to a better understanding of the need to develop the ecotourism industry in the border areas of Iran.

The increasing data resulting from the users' activity in the internet, social networks, cloud computing, sensors, and mobile phones has created a large mass of marketing big data. The continuous processing of this data aiming to understand the fundamental relationships, frameworks, and models has become a necessity. This paper investigates the functions of big data in marketing, and it tries to propose a model for this purpose by meta-synthesis. In this research, 47 resources were identified and prioritized by studying the applications of big data in marketing. The model extracted from the research findings can be classified into four areas: the strategic value of big data in marketing, the informational value, the generation and regeneration process, and the model nucleus. Accordingly, the strategic value of big data is studied at the first layer. Also, the increased awareness, intellectual decision making, improvement of competitive positions, etc, are raised at this layer. This layer can affect the second level i.e.the informational value, and finally, it will exert its effect on the process of generation and regeneration of big data in marketing decisions and policies in a synergetic process. The effects of this model can influence the process of customer retention and attraction that can be referred to as the model nucleus.

E-businesses are expanding in the society. The insurance industry should increase its information in the field of digital marketing of E-businesses. The present study aims to identify the dimensions of digital marketing of E-businesses in Iran's insurance industry. This research is applied and descriptive survey in terms of purpose and method. The statistical population in the factor analysis section includes insurance industry experts across the country and the AHP section includes experts in this industry. In the factor analysis section, 384 samples were selected by using the simple sampling method, and in the AHP section, 10 experts were selected as the sample. The tool of the field study is a questionnaire. To check the validity of the questionnaire, the content, and its reliability, Cronbach's Alpha was used. In the present research, first, digital marketing indicators of E-businesses of the insurance industry have been extracted from the literature review. Then, to identify the digital marketing dimensions of E-businesses in the insurance industry, the exploratory factor analysis method was used. The confirmatory factor analysis method was used to confirm the identified dimensions and the AHP technique was used to rank them. The identified dimensions include the organization's digital organization, marketing research, and customer-related factors. The results of the AHP technique showed that SMS advertising, environmental advertising, and customer communication have been the top three indicators.

The purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the development of entrepreneurship education in the third generation universities. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach, which was conducted using the grounded theory method. The studied community included all experts in the field of the research. The samples were selected using the snowball and theoretical sampling methods. The stage of data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, and theoretical saturation was achieved with the number of 19 people in this research. Data collection tools included open questionnaire, in-depth individual interview, and note taking. Validity was verified using the triangulation and member check techniques. The results obtained from the research data were extracted and classified in the form of concepts in the process of open, axial, and selective coding. The results showed that for the development of entrepreneurship education in third generation universities, the existence of a set of factors is necessary, the most important of which include causal conditions (such as entrepreneurial leadership, innovative strategy, improving the quality of entrepreneurship education, and human capital development), contextual conditions (such as factors related to entrepreneurial culture, flexible organizational structure, and development of a network relationships), intervening conditions (such as correct policy making and infrastructure development), actions (such as the development of economic and entrepreneurial activities, the development of education and research in the field of entrepreneurship, the development of communications and interactions, the development of cultural-social infrastructures and resources), and consequences (such as psychological consequences, educational-scientific consequences, economic consequences, and cultural-social consequences). Based on the results of the research, updating entrepreneurial training through the development of relationships among stakeholders is suggested.

Employment of human resources, especially university graduates, is one of the most important and basic goals of economic-social planning of any society. Based on this, the present study examined and analyzed the causes of unemployment among the graduates of Kermanshah province. An explanatory sequential mixed method was used to achieving the research goal. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was included of experts who were selected using special cases sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation (n=28). Data were collected using the in-depth interview method and analyzed using the three-level coding technique. In the quantitative phase, to determine the most important influencing factors on the graduate's unemployment, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of the research tool in different phases were confirmed using triangulation, interviews with experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α≥ 0.86). The findings showed that solving socio-cultural, economic, governance and academic problems related to the unemployment of graduates (such as weakness in entrepreneurial culture, desire for government employment, the prevalence of degree orientation, excessive inflation, failure to attract investors to the province, inconsistency between market needs and university outputs) can significantly contribute to reducing the graduates unemployment rate.

The status of economy is decisive in the positioning of countries in the regional and global power and wealth system. Promoting economic power and achieving national and local balanced progress are considered as the first function of the state in the global political economy. Solving the needs of the national political economy and local sustainable development management in the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially in the conditions of international sanctions, requires the adoption of new political strategies and approaches. The application of the development capacity of cities activity in their surrounding geography is one of the priorities of national development policy at the local governance and specifically urban management policy. The role-playing mechanism of the city in the globalization context is the application of urban diplomacy. The discourse arising from the attention to the city and the necessity of adapting the national and local planning system to the requirements of the appropriate activity of the cities in the surrounding areas are still neglected in the development policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Kermanshah is the most important population center in the west of the Iran with a decisive geo-political, geo-economics and geo-cultural weight in the region. However, the equal development process of this province has found a problematic situation. This study tries to find an answer about what the way out of the development bottlenecks of Kermanshah province in the framework of the political economy approach is. The hypothesis of this study is that the application of the political economy approach to the management of urban sustainable development involves the prioritization of urban development issues, branding and improving the image of the city and activation of urban diplomacy for connecting the political economy of the city to its surrounding geography, and providing for the participation of the city in the processes of Production, trade, money, finance, tourism and communication of the region at domestic and foreign level. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and the data were collected from written sources and theoretical-practical texts, land use reports of Kermanshah province, field observations and live experience of the authors. A theoretical and empirical finding of this research indicates that the absence of a political economic approach to the development, has delayed designing and formulation of the sustainable economic development policy of Kermanshah province, achieving a strategic consensus around the identity of the political economy of that and not to adopt efficient mechanisms of interaction with national and regional power and wealth circles. The result of the aforementioned discontinuity is the accumulation of problems affecting the equal development of the province.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of political marketing on increasing the soft power component of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was exploratory mixing and semi-structured interviews with 10 experts and the categories were identified by content analysis. In the quantitative phase of the research, with a questionnaire and an expert survey among 46 people from the statistical population, assuming (N = n), the categories were tested using SPSS26 software and the categories were ranked by Friedman test and the validity of the questionnaire was valid in two parts: validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.895). According to the results, the highest rank belongs to the techniques used in international political marketing with a value of 5.99, followed by the necessities of using international political marketing with a rank of 4.64 and the most significant dimension with a rank of 4.11. The incoherence of programs and strategies in the field of international political marketing was the first limitation in the use of international political marketing and the most effective foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran to use international political marketing, the discourse of international de-escalation with realism and self-determination. In the effective discourse group. Regarding the current situation and position of the country, the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran in terms of history and culture was ranked first in this group, but the position of the country in terms of export products was ranked eighth.

This research was conducted with the purpose of conceptualizing the model of consumer behavior in crisis conditions and formulating a suitable marketing strategy with a multidimensional perspective

This research is developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative), and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive-survey. The studied population in the qualitative part of the research was selected from experts who had a theoretical understanding of the subject, and in the quantitative part, a statistical sample was selected from experts who lived in Kermanshah province. Sampling in the qualitative part was done based on theoretical sampling and with judgment method and snowball technique. In the quantitative part, the available sample was selected. The selection criterion of the sample size in the qualitative part was theoretical saturation and in the quantitative part the Morgan and Karaji formula. The number of samples was 20 in the qualitative section and 387 in the quantitative section. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of this research was an in-depth and semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire.

The results of the inductive content analysis of the data obtained from the qualitative section were performed through three procedures of coding, conceptualization and categorization, as a result of which 388 codes, 44 concepts, 8 subcategories and 4 categories were identified; Then, by using binomial test and Friedman, the variables were ranked.

Identifying a five-part spectrum of consumer behavior in buying and consuming goods and services during a crisis is one of the results of this research. On the other hand, the findings of this research showed that according to consumers' behavior in crisis conditions, goods can be divided into essential, delayed and eliminated and behaviors can be peredict in five states: intensifying, weakening, delaying, replacing and completely suspending purchases.

The present study was conducted by combining previous research with the aim of providing a comprehensive picture of the components of the role of influencers on marketing. The research methodology is qualitative with a meta- synthesis approach. Accordingly, after searching the databases, in the period of 1385 to 1400 for domestic researches and 2000 to 2021 for foreign researches, 134 related studies were evaluated and finally, after multiple screenings, 58 articles were selected. Using seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso, the findings of 58 previous studies related to the objectives of the study were reviewed, aggregated, combined and interpreted. With the help of coding method, 28 codes, 6 concepts and 2 components were identified and validated through Kappa Cohen coefficient. Then, the role model of influencers on marketing was presented and drawn. The results of this study showed that despite the many benefits of using influencers in marketing, if not done with the right knowledge, it will lead to negative consequences for business and brand. Finally, in line with the research results, suggestions for the correct and appropriate use of influencers in marketing are presented.

In recent years, the number of unemployed university graduates has grown dramatically, posing a challenge to the country's planning system. Entrepreneurial activities, which is less welcomed by university graduates, is a good way to deal with this issue. In this research, the internal and external factors of university graduates' tendency to entrepreneurial activities have been studied and conceptualized using the meta-syntheses method. The articles published in reputable domestic and foreign scientific databases were identified, surveyed, coded and analyzed. Then, using "qualitative research interview" method, the opinions of elites was received to satisfy parallelism rule. Ten semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings of this study led to the identification of 40 themes and 12 topics that affect the tendency of university graduates to entrepreneurial activities and play a role in a range of independent or intertwined influences. Acording to the research findings, although the most repetition is related to individual level factors such as personality factors (education, personal development, risk-taking, etc.), but environmental variables such as: policy-making and political stability; Economic variables; Regional potentials, social support; Culture; The relationship between university, industry and government influences the tendency of university graduates to engage in entrepreneurial activities.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges of political marketing with the approach of using the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Categories related to each of them were extracted using content analysis method and these 6 groups were ranked using Friedman test by SPSS26 software. According to the results, the highest ranking was given to the techniques used in international political marketing with the approach of diplomacy, media power, ideological power, cultural power, economic power and management system power. Persuasion and third place became the most prominent dimension of international political marketing, namely national identity. Iran's current position in terms of identity, international prestige and economic identity ranks fourth, restrictions on the use of political marketing ranks fifth with unique ideological approach, financial challenges and theoretical poverty and the most effective Iranian foreign policy discourse ranks sixth with de-escalation and balance discourse approach. Finally, the analytical model of political marketing affected by limitations, necessities and the most significant dimension using effective techniques and the best discourse in promoting Iran's current position in the economic field and strengthening the international image are presented. Practical suggestions are also provided based on research questions for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Economic Deputy of this agency and non-governmental organizations including the Red Crescent and other responsible agencies and organizations.

The realization of a knowledge-based economy requires appropriate cultural prerequisites. According to Stiglitz, one of the first and most important issues is to provide cultural prerequisites and realize the effective cultural factors in this regard. In fact, cultural factors are one of the most crucial factors and prerequisites for transforming the economy of Iran and Kermanshah province into a knowledge-based, dynamic, persistent, capable, and competitive economy in the country. Therefore, this study used an institutional theoretical framework to identify and prioritize cultural factors affecting the realization of a knowledge-based economy. It is of high importance to have an appropriate institutional regime framework to facilitate interactions between different parts of the knowledge-based economy. The institutional regime consists of formal rules, informal (institutions) restrictions, and their executive characteristics. Informal institutions are the informal behavioral rules of society that are part of the culture. The most important cultural indicators affecting the realization of the knowledge economy were investigated and selected by referring to the previous literature and upstream documents and interviews with 14 experts in the field. Then, pairwise comparison questionnaires were completed by 20 experts, and indicators were extracted by Expert Choice. Finally, the indicators were prioritized by hierarchical analysis. According to the results of the study:1. Education as one of the most important elements of the knowledge-based economy accounts for the first priority (28%) among the top 10 indicators. Hence, it is necessary to have a skilled and educated workforce to provide efficiency, learning, dissemination, and application of knowledge, which leads to increased productivity of factors of production as well as economic growth and development. Among the components of education, primary education (56%) is the most important grade, whereas secondary education accounts for 18%, which indicates the major role of primary education in the knowledge-based economy. In fact, basic education strengthens the foundations of human capital by training the skilled and experienced workforce, resulting in the realization of a knowledge-based economy by creating a scientism institution and social capital.2. Rationality: To achieve development in the knowledge-based economy, it is necessary to refer to reason and thinking and strengthen the rational and scientific attitude of rationality in society, because the production of science and knowledge relies on thinking and a rational approach. This indicator (14%) accounts for the next priority after education in terms of impact on the realization of the knowledge-based economy in Kermanshah province. Among the dimensions of rationality indicator, the most important dimension is the position of science and knowledge (24%) and the most important component of the dimension is scientism (30%).3. Thinking skill: Development is an internal issue, a collective phenomenon, and an important goal that requires the highest degree of coordination and participation. In other words, there must be coordination and consistency in the thoughts and ideas for coordinating peoples' actions. Therefore, harmonizing the thoughts leads to harmony in the actions of individuals, flourishes creativity and innovation, and ultimately enables the achievement of the knowledge-based model. This indicator (9.6%) accounts for the third priority.4. The fourth indicator is justice (8.6%) with judicial justice as the most important dimension of the justice indicator. Moreover, the most important component of the judicial justice dimension is the fair implementation of laws. Justice affects the realization of the knowledge-based economy in two ways: 1) by creating equal access for all to public facilities, in particular, educational and health facilities, and ultimately, the realization of human development, which is one of the main institutional contexts for achieving a knowledge-based economy, and 2) by establishing equal conditions for all in order to attend a fair competition.5. The ethics indicator (8.1%) accounts for the fifth priority, with the political dimension with the meritocracy component in the transfer of responsibilities as the most important dimension of the indicator. According to Williamson's four-level analytical framework, many of the ethical values affecting the realization of the knowledge-based economy, such as the emergence of informal institutions produce development at the first level. Informal institutions formed at the first level lead to the emergence of some rules at the second level. According to the rules of the second level, the proper management is accomplished at the society, and finally, the results obtained in the previous three levels lead to the realization of a knowledge-oriented society in the fourth level.6. Subjective culture (7.5%) and social order (7.4%) (the sixth and seventh priorities) play a role in the realization of this new model of production. The most important component of subjective culture is the attitude towards learning science. Moreover, the most important dimension of the order indicator is legality and the most important component of the legality dimension is the respect for private property. 7. In addition, scientific independence (6.2%) and cultural interactions (6.2%) account for the same priority (the eighth and ninth priorities). However, the objective dimension of culture (4.6%) accounts for the last priority in terms of the effect on the realization of the knowledge-based economy so that mismatch rate of 2% also reflects consistency between the results. In general, since culture, knowledge transfer, values, and other factors affecting behavior are defined from one generation to another through education and imitation, education by training skilled and capable people results in the development of rational attitude and changes in the attitude of people. According to Max Weber, harmony in the attitude of individuals creates a kind of collective reason called rationality. On the other hand, governing rationality in society leads to the establishment of social order and its stability.

Today, the ecotourism industry has become one of the important sources of income for the villagers. IT, as an empowerment and integrator of the value network in the ecotourism industry, can play a significant role in the development of this industry by increasing local employment, increasing the income of local people and capabilities of rural areas. This study aims to provide a model to develop ecotourism industry in Iran with an emphasis on IT. This research is a qualitative research that has been carried out by content analysis and Delphi methods. In the content analysis method, the indicators of the initial model have been extracted. Then, this model has been completed and tested by the Delphi method. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all texts related to the research topic and in the Delphi method were experts and university professors specializing in e-tourism and e-tourism industry which 30 experts cooperated until the end of the third round. Sampling method was done in content analysis method using counting and in Delphi method using snowball. Based on the findings of the first part of the research, 38 indicators have been identified, and in the second part, 24 indicators have been added to model, of which six of the identified indicators have not been agreed by experts. The research model includes 56 indicators, 34 components and 9 dimensions (including legal infrastructure, financial infrastructure, mobile commerce infrastructure, e-advertising management, content marketing, customer relationship management, e-HRM, local partnership and software infrastructure). Paying attention to the model extracted from this research can pave the way for the further development of the ecotourism industry in Iran by using the capabilities of IT.

In recent decades, we have witnessed an increase in the preference for buying and consuming green products on the one hand, and growing concerns about climate change, environmental pollution, and food waste density, on the other hand, which have led to serious changes in people's environmental attitudes and preferences. The tendency to use environmentally friendly products; Consequently, this issue is reflected in the behavior of economic enterprises; Their growing desire to use green marketing concepts. Based on this, the present study seeks to design a multilevel framework for the successful implementation of green marketing in food production companies with an integrated approach, which has been done as an applied research with a mixed approach (from the type of exploratory plans). The findings of the model indicate that several factors are multidimensional and intertwined in the implementation of green marketing. These factors can be categorized into four levels. The fourth level factors constitute the most fundamental layer and include the penetration of the belief in green marketing in the philosophy and vision of the company; The third level includes the support of senior managers and changes in the internal procedures of the organization; The second level includes optimizing the organizational structure, improving the organizational culture, improving the staff and managing the change process and the first level, which is at the highest and most operational level of the interpretive structural model hierarchy, includes changes in the marketing mix, understanding and implementation of green marketing audits, and the development of IT infrastructure.

Industrial enterprises are one of the most important economic sectors in creating job opportunities, the growth of which is a multidimensional phenomenon. Whenever the decline in resources and output of industrial firms is accompanied by a reduction in the size or scale of their operations, growth stops and the firm stagnates. So that, an analytic hierarchy of the stagnant model components of industrial enterprises, whose spatial domain is Kermanshah province has performed in the present study. The research model was developed based on a mixed exploration approach. For data gathering in the qualitative section, sampling and judging methods were used to achieve theoretical data saturation through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 31 experts. In the quantitative section, data were collected with questionnaires with 20 statistical populations. Analyzes show that the stagnant model of industrial enterprises is affected by various factors. In summary, prioritization of model components showed that "legal problems and partners' differences" were the highest priority of causal conditions; "financing" was the highest priority of intervening conditions; "economic challenges" were the highest priority "contextual conditions"; In terms of sales, "the highest priority of strategies/actions;" inactivity of industrial enterprise activists "are the highest priority of macro-level outcomes at the inconsistency of less than 0.1. Finally, suggestions were made to improve the status of stagnant industrial enterprises.

Changing the global approach to smart consumption is a new and serious issue. Intelligent consumption aims to reduce the consumption of resources and energy in order to produce less waste and recycle more consumables, and is the manifestation and symbol of a socially and ethically action that includes personal and public interests. The present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the development of intelligent consumer behavior based on the qualitative-quantitative approach. For this purpose, in the qualitative dimension of the hybrid instrument with seven steps and in the quantitative approach using the Cochran's formula of a sample with a volume (N = 386) and considering the maximum variance, large population and sampling method. Multi-stage clusters were randomly selected. The data collection tool was a structured questionnaire. Experts assessed the validity of this tool and the reliability of its variables was obtained with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and a model for predicting consumer behavior regarding intelligent behavior was presented using structural equation modeling. Findings indicate that the variables of product brand, product trust, product value perception, price appropriateness, product quality, social context and social responsibility had a significant impact on the development of intelligent consumer behavior. The studied variables were able to explain 0.30 of the variance of intelligent consumption behavior. Keywords: Intelligent consumption, consumer behavior, Behavior development structural equations

Nowadays, as the competitive environment of businesses increases, they try to continue their activities in this dynamic and turbulent environment. One of the important factors for competition in the small and medium sized enterprises is innovation. Innovation also reduces costs and increases business productivity. As a consequence, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of strategic innovation on innovative performance with the role of environmental moderator in small and medium sized enterprises located in industrial towns in Kermanshah province. The method used in this research is a descriptive- Survey method. The statistical population of the study includes small and medium sized industrial companies operating in Kermanshah (N = 567) which according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan (1970) 234 companies were randomly selected as a sample. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software. The results show that strategic innovation is positively and significantly (0.263) related to the performance of small and medium sized enterprises and in competitive environments (0.251) with a small percentage difference compared to the dynamic environment (0.247), strategic innovation has a greater impact on innovative performance. The more competition there is, the stronger the impact of strategic innovation on innovative performance.