‪ali azizi‬‏

Nepeta crispa is a perennial plant in the mint family. The present study aimed to study the effect of the combined application of humic acid and UV-B radiation on the growth and some phytochemical responses of this plant. The experiment was conducted as a factorial (two-factor) in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was humic acid at 4 levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 g .L-1) and the second factor, UV-B radiation at 3 levels (0, 1 and 3 hours of irradiation per day). Based on the results, in contrast to the UV-B irradiation treatment, the effect of humic acid application significantly increased stem height compared to the control treatment. Also, the highest amount of total phenol, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity and the lowest amount of total tannin were all obtained in 3 hours of UV-B irradiation treatment without the application of humic acid. The highest amount of total tannin and the lowest antioxidant capacity were observed in the treatment of 8 g .L-1 humic acid. The results of HPLC analysis of leaf extract showed that the highest amount of rosmarinic acid and salvanoic acid was produced in 3 hours of UV-B irradiation treatment per day. Among the studied phenolic acids, the highest amount of chlorogenic acid was obtained in the treatment of 3 hours of UV-B radiation + 8 g .L-1 of humic acid. The highest amount of caffeic acid was observed in 1 hour of radiation treatment + 4 g .L-1 of humic acid. In all, the combined use (interaction) of humic acid and UV-B were significant for total phenol, total flavonoid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. The use of humic acid (simple effect) in this plant had a significant effect on the total tannin, antioxidant capacity and rosmarinic acid at a level of 1% and increased tannin while decreasing antioxidant activity and rosmarinic acid in Nepeta crispa leaves. Humic acid also reduced the levels of antioxidant capacity and rosmarinic acid, and the only trait that had an increasing effect on it was the amount of total tannin. The results of this study can be considered for the cultivation of this plant under greenhouse-field conditions.

In the last two centuries, especially after the connection with the Western world, the Islamic world faced challenges that it has not yet been able to overcome. Although, since then, efforts have been made by religious reformers in Islamic countries to find the root of these problems and backwardness. In the meantime, one of the common topics among Islamic thinkers and political and social reformers has been the type of religiosity and the place of religion in the current world, and they have tried to present a suitable position for religion as one of the manifestations of tradition. In this research, with analytical and descriptive methods, an attempt has been made to present aspects of Islamic Sufism, especially Khorasani Sufism that may be helpful in solving the current problems of the Islamic world. The result of this research confirms that the main challenge of religion in today's world is not the religion itself and its teachings, but the type of religiosity of the inhabitants of this geography. Therefore, it has been tried by introducing some aspects of Khorasani mysticism and Sufism such as; The artistic life of religious people, tolerance and peaceful patience, the connection between the two scientific and social dimensions of great mystics' lives, coping with people and emphasis on altruism,. These might be applied as an important step for overcoming the current problems of the Islamic world.

E. purpurea is a plant that blooms in North America during the summer. It is essential for the pharmaceutical industry because it boosts the immune system and can be used for various external and internal ailments. Abiotic stresses like drought are significant problems for plant productivity. Many studies have been done on how these stresses affect agricultural plants because they cause economic losses. Drought affects plant growth and development by reducing crop growth rate, biomass accumulation, cell division and expansion, leaf size, stem elongation, root proliferation, and stomata oscillations. Although the effect of drought stress on various characteristics of coneflower has been studied in many research, few researchers have investigated the changes in the essential oil content of this important medicinal plant under drought stress. Due to a water shortage in Iran and the growing use of herbal medicines, studying how drought stress affects the composition of coneflower essential oil is crucial.

This research was carried out in 2021 in the greenhouse of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. The study was done as a factorial based on a completely random design with two factors of drought stress (80, 60, and 40% FC) and growth stage (10 leaves, pre-flowering, and flowering stage) in three replications. Took coneflower seeds were planted in cultivation trays. After 60 days, the seeds germinated, and the seedlings were prepared and transferred to pots. The weight method was used to determine soil moisture content. The pots were weighed daily and watered to maintain the intended level of irrigation. After the drought stress period ended, the plants with their roots were transferred to the lab, and some growth, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics were measured.

The results of the analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of irrigation levels and phenological stages was significant for the characteristics of leaf area, stem length, flower diameter, flower dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and total phenol and flavonoid of the flower and root. The results showed that drought stress caused a significant decrease in the growth characteristics, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, and increased chlorophyll b content of coneflower in different stages of growth. The concentration of coneflower's total phenol and flavonoid under severe drought stress increased by 37.58 and 25.67, respectively. Also, the antioxidant capacity of the coneflower flower increased under severe drought stress, but drought stress did not affect the antioxidant capacity of the roots. In addition, the results showed that more than 70% of the essential oil components at the time of applying the control in the 10-leaf and pre-flowering stage, and severe stress in all three stages of growth consisted of four compounds: Germacrene D, n-Dodecane, n-Tridecane, and n-Undecane. Compared to the control, most of the essential compounds of coneflower under severe drought stress decreased in the 10-leaf growth stages and pre-flowering but increased in the flowering stage. Severe drought stress caused a decrease in Germacrene D in the 10-leaf and flowering stages (41.6 and 41.3%, respectively) and increased it in the pre-flowering stage (77.2%). During drought conditions, plants reduce the number and area of their leaves as an adaptation strategy and first defense mechanism. Plants exposed to environmental stress can increase their stress tolerance by producing more phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidants. These non-enzymatic antioxidants help reduce the adverse effects of stress on plants. Based on the findings of various research, it can be said that Germacrene D, Spathulenol, β-Caryophyllene, and α-Humulene are the main components of the essential oil of coneflower. In agreement with our results, the research findings showed that severe drought stress (40% FC) caused a significant decrease in the phytochemical compounds of coneflower. Secondary metabolites are influenced not only by genetics but also by changing environmental patterns.

With increasing drought stress levels, growth characteristics, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, and root total phenolic content of coneflower decreased significantly. Also, drought stress increased stem diameter, chlorophyll b, total phenol content, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity of flowers. Under severe drought stress, four compounds of Germacern D, N-dodecane, N-tridecane, and N-one-decane, which are the dominant components of the root essential oil of this plant in the present study, decreased in the 10-leaf and flowering stages but increased in the pre-flowering stage. In general, it can be concluded from the current research results that applying drought stress can help improve coneflower root essential oil composition.

AbstractAtriplex patula is a wild plant from the Chenopodiaceae family that has medicinal, nutritional, fodder and dedesertification applications. In order to determine the type of seed dormancy and characteristics of germination and the method of breaking dormancy and determining the cardinal temperatures of germination in this species, two experiments were conducted separately. In the first experiment, the first factor, potassium nitrate was evaluated at 4 levels and cold stratification as the second factor at 3 levels. The percentage and rate of seed germination were calculated. The second experiment was conducted to determine the germination cardinal temperatures, by 9 temperature levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40℃) and by determining the germination rate and fitting the most suitable regression model between temperature and germination rate. In both experiments, each treatment had 4 replications of 25 seeds and the percentage and germination rate were calculated. The results showed that potassium nitrate with a concentration of 250 mg/liter along with cold stratification at 3°C for one week had the most positive effect on the breaking of seed dormancy and the germination percentage and germination rate. the rate and percentage of germination reached 8.16 and 90%, respectively. In the second experiment, the cardinal germination temperatures, including the minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures, were obtained as 1.86°C, 22.5°C and 38.89°C, respectively, and the toothed regression model showed the best fit. According to these findings, seed dormancy in Atriplex patula was determined to be of non-deep physiological type.IntroductionWild grassland plants are among the sources that have been considered for new food sources with the rapid increase of the world population and can be used as agricultural plants in the future. Atriplex patula is a herb of the Chenopodiaceae family, which has been reported for its medicinal, nutritional, fodder and dedesertification uses. Atriplex species are halophytes that are distributed in a variety of saline habitats, including the margins of wetlands, coastal areas, hills, and deserts (Bueno et al., 2017). These plants are suitable for dry and semi-arid degraded pastures in terms of compatibility with the environment, being evergreen and growing in poor and salty lands. Domestication of wild plants has obstacles, one of which is the existence of seed dormancy and, as a result, the problem of germination, so in order to improve seed germination, it is necessary to apply treatments to remove the obstacles to germination. According to the type and depth of seed dormancy, various treatments have been proposed to break dormancy and stimulate plant seed germination, which also depends on the genotype of the plant species. In order to determine the type of dormancy and characteristics of germination and a method for breaking dormancy and determining germination cardinal temperatures in this species, two experiments were conducted separately.Materials and MethodsThe first experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was potassium nitrate at 4 levels (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg.L-1) and the second factor was cold stratification at 3 levels (without cold stratification and cold stratification at +3℃ and +6℃). The number of treatments was 12 and 25 seeds were used in 4 repetitions. The rate and percentage of seed germination were calculated. In order to determine the germination cardinal temperatures, an experiment was conducted in a completely random design by 9 temperature levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40℃). Each treatment had 4 replications of 25 seeds. this experiment was done by determining the germination rate and fitting the most suitable regression model between temperature and germination rate.Results and DisscussionThe results of variance analysis of the effect of treatments used to break seed dormancy in this research, showed that the germination percentage of Atriplex patula seeds and their germination rate were significantly affected by the application of potassium nitrate, and cold stratification, and the interaction of these two treatments with a probability level of 99% (P<0.01). Based on the results, potassium nitrate (250 mg.L-1) along with cold stratification at 3°C for one week had the most positive effect on seed dormancy breaking and increasing the germination percentage and rate. The rate and percentage germination reached 8.16 and 90% respectively by this treatment. The lowest germination percentage was related to the control treatment (0 mg.L-1 potassium nitrate × without cold stratification), and the highest germination percentage was 90.00%, related to the interaction of two factors of potassium nitrate 250 mg.liter-1 × cold stratification at 3℃. Cold stratification treatment had a greater effect on seed dormancybreaking than potassium nitrate treatment. The lack of cold stratification, in different concentrations of potassium nitrate, decreased the germination percentage of seeds, although the treatment of seeds with different concentrations of potassium nitrate had a significant difference with the control treatment, but without the wet cooling treatment, the germination percentage decreased. In the second experiment, the germination cardinal temperature, including the minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures, were obtained as 1.86, 22.51, and 38.89℃, respectively, and the best model was chosen to be the cardinal temperatures of the tooth-like model. The lowest germination rate (0.4) was observed at 5°C. With the increase in temperature from 5°C to above, the germination rate increased and at 25°C, the highest germination rate was achieved. From the temperature of 25°C and above, the germination rate decreased with a significant difference. Different temperatures with their effect on germination may be useful for evaluating the characteristics of germination and establishment potential of plant species. The issue that should be noted is that the germination rate is more important than the germination percentage in the discussion of plant establishment, because the faster the germination, the more likely the roots will come out of the soil and absorb soil moisture and result better establishment of the seedling (Hashemi et al., 2017).ConclusionAccording to the results of the present research, it was found that seed dormancy in Atriplex patula is of non-deep physiological type. Cold stratification at 3°C is more effective than potassium nitrate in breaking seed dormancy of this plant.

 Career stress is one of the most important and challenging risk factors among employees because of its vast effect on mental and physical health. This research was conducted with the aim to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and bioenergy economy-based health improvement (BEHI) program on occupational stress and psychosomatic symptoms of distressed employees.

 This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design. The targeted population of the study comprised all employees of the customer service management department of Telecommunications Company in Isfahan, Iran, in the year 2018. Purposeful sampling was employed, and 60 candidates exhibiting distress symptoms were randomly assigned to 3 groups (MBSR, BEHI, and control groups), each consisting of 20 individuals. Data collection was performed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6; Kessler et al., 2003), Stressful Life Event (SLE) Questionnaire (Roohafza et al., 2011), Occupational Stress Questionnaire (Cousins et al., 2004), and Screening for Somatoform Symptoms-7 (SOMS-7) questionnaire (Ebrahimi et al., 2018). The experimental groups participated in the MBSR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990) and BEHI (Goli, 2022) program training sessions. The control group received no intervention. The data were assessed in SPSS software.

 Both the BEHI program and MBSR therapy significantly decreased the occupational stress (F = 2.78) and psychosomatic symptoms (F = 3.63) of distressed employees (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental groups in the posttest (P > 0.05).

 Both programs could reduce the employees' distress on worksites and could be beneficial for healers to mitigate the psychosomatic manifestations of occupational stressors.
 

Migration is one of the three main components that shape the growth and dynamics of the population in any country. Human population migration causes cultural, social and environmental changes in the origin and destination of migration. Ecological Footprint is one of the tools that tries to quantify human pressure on the environment. One of the important issues that have been neglected in migration analyzing is the state of the spatial pattern of migration and the spatial pattern of the ecological footprint in Iran. Therefore, in this research, secondary data was used to analyze the situation of these two variables in relation to each other. In this regard, the data of inter-provincial migrations of 2011 to 2016 period and the ecological footprint of the provinces for the year 2016 were prepared. By using the Geographic Information System and the quadrant chart, the situation of two variables was analyzed. The general result of the research in relation to the spatial situation of the pattern of ecological footprint and in- migrants, out- migrants and the net migration of the provinces showed that most of the destination provinces have a higher ecological footprint than the national average. In contrast, most of the origin provinces have a low ecological footprint than the national average. Regarding the net migration, most of the provinces with a positive net migration have high ecological footprint. In general, it can be said that the positive flow of migration goes to provinces that have a higher ecological footprint than the national average.

The presence of numerous cultural, geographical, economic and social differences leads to different consumption of resources and as a result different pressure on the environment. Ecological Footprint (EF) is one of the tools that tries to quantify human pressure on the environment. One of the main demographic components that can affect the trend and spatial pattern of the ecological footprint is migration. Identifying and analyzing the flow and spatial patterns of the ecological footprint of migration can help to identify the dynamics of the country's ecological footprint caused by migrations. Considering the important role of inter-provincial migration in the country's population dynamics, this study aims to analyze this importance and its effect on the overall flow and spatial pattern of the Iran's ecological footprint. To this end, secondary data was used to investigate the spatial flows and pattern of migration including first origin, first destination, as well as the spatial flows and pattern of the ecological footprint of migrants in the geographic information system. The obtained results showed that there was a specific spatial pattern regarding the first origin, the first destination and the spatial pattern of the ecological footprint of migration in the country. A spatial pattern that shows the polarity and role of the two industrial and developed provinces of the country (Tehran and Isfahan). In addition to having a high ecological footprint compared to the national average, the two provinces also attract migrants from other provinces.

The concept of judicial presumption, meaning the tool for presenting specific evidence in each case, is not only beyond the drafting and specific legal framework of each country but also an external reality that each legal system must address to ensure comprehensiveness and the assurance of justice. Naturally, the differences in legal traditions across various legal customs mean that different legal systems approach a single issue with significant differences. In this paper, we have examined the approach of the legal systems of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America to this concept. First, we discussed the generalities of comparative studies, of which this study is a derivative. Then, we presented the existing judicial practices regarding this issue in both legislative systems. We identified those fundamental legal concepts that have reciprocal effects with the concept of judicial presumption and examined them in the roots of each legal system with an approach to fundamental events and thoughts related to these concepts. Finally, we addressed the question of whether, despite the major differences in the legal approach to judicial presumptions, there can be seen strands of similarity in more fundamental adjacent concepts.

 Theft is one of the crimes that has a great impact on the security and sense of securityin the society, the prevention and reduction of which has always been one of theconcerns of the police organizations. Therefore, demanding and making responsible isvery important in the process of crime prevention. This research was conducted with theaim of investigating the mechanisms of making non-governmental organizationsresponsible for preventing theft (the case of study of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiariprovince). The current research is based on the purpose of the applied type, based onthe nature and design of the research in a qualitative way. The tool used in the researchwill be a semi-structured interview. The statistical population was divided into twoqualitative groups: 14 experts in the field of police station performance and 175quantitative groups using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was done using SPSSsoftware and descriptive and survey statistics were used for data analysis. The findingsin the qualitative section showed that accountability mechanisms were identified in fourcategories: cultural mechanisms, social mechanisms, economic mechanisms, andsecurity and preventive mechanisms. The research results showed that strengtheningthese mechanisms can be effective in preventing theft.

The urban transportation infrastructure, especially the metropolitan subway system in Tehran, which is used daily by millions of people for commuting, is recognized as one of the most vital infrastructures of the country. Any disruption in the operation of the metro network can have widespread effects on other related infrastructures, including public transportation networks and the power distribution system, as well as lead to social discontent. In this regard, in the present research, the critical assets (including human, physical, and cyber assets) of Line 1 metro stations in the Tehran metropolitan area have been assessed for risk using the RAMCAP Plus method. A wide range of human-made threats and natural hazards, as well as their quantitative consequences, have been evaluated at these stations. By calculating the quantitative values of vulnerability and the probability of events occurring, the risk value has been quantitatively determined. The results indicate that among physical and cyber assets, the signaling system, train carriages, control room, escalators, the dedicated high-voltage power distribution network, and the water guidance system at the stations are the most vulnerable assets. For human assets, passengers and staff in platform areas, station entrances, and ticket halls are the most at risk. Furthermore, the most significant threats and hazards that ranked highest in terms of frequency and risk are, in order, terrorists (both suicide and group bombings), explosive devices in the station entrances, physical and cyber sabotage, pollution, and cyber theft for the terrorist threats' category, and floods and earthquakes for the natural hazards' category.

Faraja, as one of the institutions of order and security, needs soft authority, which results in non-aggressive deterrence, in addition to hard authority, which causes aggressive deterrence, to deter against security threats and social challenges, and for To achieve this goal, a coherent and effective mechanism and model is necessary; Based on this, the main goal of this research is to provide a strategic model of Faraja deterrence against internal security threats.

The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of method with a quantitative-qualitative approach. The data collected in the field part of the research, using path analysis methods with Smart Pay software. L. S. and S. P. S. S. were analyzed and the relationship between dimensions and components was measured. The statistical population reached theoretical saturation with the total number of 62 people using the snowball technique. The validity of the research tool was evaluated with the Lavache coefficient, which shows a rate of 0.096, and its reliability was obtained as 0.824 based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient test.

After conducting a semi-structured interview with security experts, the strategic model of Faraja's deterrence against internal security threats was obtained, including 2 dimensions of offensive deterrence and non-aggressive deterrence and the number of 13 components and 105 indicators.

The score of the components of offensive deterrence in the path analysis test based on the degree of influence on the dimensions and concept of the research is as follows: deterrence authority (0.512), prevention (0.466), readiness (0.252), defense-security ability (0.235), information exchange (0.188), management and planning (0.158) and threat validation (0.122). The score of the components of non-aggressive deterrence in the path analysis test based on their impact on the dimensions and concept of the research is as follows: good governance (0.522), police diplomacy (0.407), coalition building power (0.317), social participation (0.169), cultural authority (0.125) and opponent behavior (0.123).

Background and objective:

 The city of Tehran is facing serious challenges in the field of disaster management due to high population densities and being in a natural disaster-prone area. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses (internal factors) and the opportunities and threats (external factors) of crisis management in Tehran at the stages of risk mitigation and preparedness, focusing on prioritizing relevant strategies for smart disaster management.

Method :

A mixed-method approach was used in this study. The data were collected using a library method and semi-structured interviews. Ten experts in smart city, disaster management, and urban planning were interviewed. The SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) technique was used for the analysis, while the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) was employed for strategy prioritization.

Results:

 The internal factors had a score of 2.333, and external factors had a score of 2.351. Based on the strategic position and action evaluation (SPACE) matrix, the most suitable strategic position to address the challenges of smart disaster management in Tehran was a defensive position. After evaluating 23 strategies according to the total attractiveness scores in the QSPM, the following strategies had the highest priorities: WT3 with a total attractiveness score of 5.593, ST5 with a total score of 5.127, WO3 with a total score of 5.125, WT2 with a total score of 5.055, WO4 with a total score of 5.009, and SO1 with a total score of 4.988.

Conclusion:

 Based on the prioritized strategies, it is important to identify and monitor facilities and urban equipment with improper placement, particularly in areas with high construction rates, using online tools. Online databases should be used for locating and rectifying the positions of existing and future facilities. It is also essential to establish restrictive laws to prevent construction in flood-prone areas, and their implementation should be monitored. Furthermore, a smart system for managing worn-out urban fabrics should be designed and executed for collecting information on such fabrics online and registering the beneficiaries.

To determine some bioactive compounds of Amaranthus blitoides in different phenological stages, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three treatments and three replications. Three phenological stages, including eight-leaf, flowering and seed production stages, were considered three treatment of experiment, some phytochemical traits and phenolic acids, including quercetin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, were measured. The highest total chlorophyll content (2.05 mg g-1) was observed at the seed production stage, while the lowest total chlorophyll content (0.94 mg g-1) was observed at the eight-leaf stage. The highest content of chlorophyll a and b was observed in the seed production stage, whereas the lowest amount of chlorophyll a and b was observed in the eight-leaf stage. The highest content of carotenoids was observed at the seed production stage. At different phenological stages, the evaluated traits had significant differences. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total tannins, and antioxidant capacity were observed in the flowering stage. HPLC analysis of extracts showed that quercetin and rutin production increased during growth until the flowering stage and then decreased. Also, the biosynthesis of two phenolic acids, including chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, was high at the eight-leaf stage and reduced after this phenological stage. In general, the highest amount of bioactive compounds and phenolic acids quercetin and rutin of this plant was observed in the flowering stage and the highest amount of plant pigments was observed in the seed production stage.

Increasing day length during the short photoperiod in fall and winter is a beneficial means of increasing biomass production and altering plant morphology and phytochemistry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of light quality at the end of the day (EoD) on the growth and phytochemical characteristics of lemon balm. During short-day photoperiods in autumn, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) seedlings were exposed to red, blue, and combined red/blue light using light-emitting diodes for 2 hours at the EoD and then compared with the control. The results showed that exposure to red light significantly increased biomass. Plants grown under blue light yielded the highest percentage of dry matter, and their leaves had the highest content of chlorophyll and flavonoids. In addition, the highest contents of carotenoids were found in the plants irradiated with blue light and later with red+blue light. The highest levels of total phenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity were found in the plants grown under red light. In addition, light quality had a significant effect on essential oil content. The highest essential oil content was obtained in the red and red+blue light treatments. The light quality at the EoD significantly changed the essential oil composition. The blue light significantly increased the citronellal content but decreased the geranial and linalool content. This study provides insight into the effects of EoD light quality on plant growth and metabolite accumulation in lemon balm during a short photoperiod.

In this research, the images of Landsat satellite 5, 7 and 8 (in the years 1987, 2001 and 2014) are used respectively to examine the process of the changes in urban green space of Gorgan City. After doing the necessary pre-processing operations in the images, the maps of land use/cover for each year were provided in three classes including built-up, barren land and green spaces by using supervised classification method. The accuracy of the classification process was assessed later. The findings showed that the green space has decreased about 4.55 km2 during 1987 - 2001. In addition, built areas has increased during the years of 2001–2014 at the rate of 15.39% equivalent to 5.48 km2, while green space has decreased 1.98 km2. The finding resulted from examining the process of changes during the 27 years reveal that green space has decreased significantly despite the physical expansion of the city, so that it has reduced from 16.40 km2 in 1987 to 9.87 km2 in 2014. The findings of this research can be considered as an effective step towards better management of Gorgan’s urban green space.

Migration is affected by several factors, the effect of each factor is different in various parts of the world. One of these factors is drought, which can have a greater impact upon human migration in arid and semi-arid regions. Identifying the migration centers can also affect the adopted migration policies. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to monitor the Iran’s drought in the last three decades (1986-2016). First, using the frequency of dry months, the zoning map was obtained from the geographical information system (GIS). Then, the existence of spatial autocorrelation in the data was investigated using Global Moran's I statistics. In the next step, the Hot Spot analysis on the data of the net migration rate was done to identify the migration centers. The findings showed that the spatial pattern of occurrence of dry months during the last three decades increases from the south and southeast of Iran to the north and west. Moreover, the values of Moran's I for the net migration rate in the studied periods were between 0.17 and 0.45, which indicates clustering in the migration data. The hot spot analysis also showed that the centers of migration in the country are located in the center and west of the country. Comparing migration centers with the pattern of dry months of the year shows that migration centers, both in-migration and out-migration, are located in places with moderate to high zones of dry months, which can make complicated in identifying the relationship between drought and migration flows.

There is no dubt that Attar is an exception in Iranian and Islamic mysticism. Creation of his valuable work “manteqotteir”, “Elahi-nameh” and “Mosibat-nameh” is sufficient evidence for Attar’s greatness of thought as well as his highness of status in mysticism and Su ism. Meanwhile, his brilliance in one field, i. e. mysticism and Sufism, has induced a lack of attention to his thoughts in other areas one of which is his political and social thoughts. This paper aims to explain Attar’s social and political thoughts through analyzing some of his poems. The present study, unlike some researchers who believe that Sufi thinking has led to stagnation of thoughts in   Iran, shows that not only Sufism has not induced degeneration in Iranian society, but also Sufi works, including those of Attar, have been the political language of their era and evoke dynamism, rather than stagnation. In fact, after idealistic thoughts of Early Ages dwindled, political and social criticisms substituted them, and, Sufi works were a great reflection of such critical thoughts in the era, Attar’s works being a great instance of them.

This experiment was performed to determine the content of some bioactive compounds and flavonoids of Atriplex patula L. at different phenological stages. Three phonological stages, including vegetative (eight-leaf), flowering and seed production stages, were considered as three treatments of experiment. Some biochemical parameters and also rutin and quercetin were measured at different growth stages. The results showed that the highest (2.06 mg g-1) and lowest (0.88 mg g-1) total chlorophyll content was observed at seed production and vegetative stages, respectively. Also, the highest chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and carotenoids contents were observed in the seed production and vegetative stages, respectively. The highest amount of total phenols (132.76 mg gallic acid 100g-1 FW), total tannin (0.057 mg tannic acid 100g-1 FW) and antioxidant capacity (50.28%) were found at flowering stage, while the lowest amount of total phenols (92.24 mg gallic acid 100g-1 FW), total tannin (0.041 mg tannic acid 100g-1 FW) and antioxidant capacity (16.95%) were observed at vegetative stage. The highest and lowest (88.05 and 35.95 mg rutin 100g-1 FW) amount of total flavonoid was found at seed production and vegetative stages. The highest and lowest quercetin levels were observed in seed production and vegetative stages (0.05 and 0.01 mg g-1 dry weight), respectively. Also, the highest and lowest (2.11 and 1.85 mg g-1 dry weight) amount of rutin were found in the seed production and vegetative stages. Due to the high amount of some biochemical compounds in Atriplex patula, the medicinal potential of this plant can be used in the future.

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds  naturally found in plants. Many flavonoids are the basis of herbal medicines and have effective pharmacological effects. Rutin is one of the flavonoids  used as a reagent in the study of flavonoids and is also considered an antioxidant. This study was conducted to isolate and identify rutin-producing endophytic fungi from C. spinosa.

Sampling was performed in 10 regions of Iran and was taken from different tissues (including leaves, stems, roots, and fruits). After surface disinfection, explants were placed on a PDA medium and the fungal isolates were purified. Molecular identification of isolates was performed by sequencing ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. Morphological identification of fungi was performed by microscopic slide preparation and fungus identification keys. Methanolic extract of fungi was prepared by the maceration method and the presence of rutin was investigated using the HPLC technique.

A total of 24 fungi were identified. HPLC analysis showed that the peak of standard flavonoids including rutin, quercetin, and apigenin appeared at 3.82, 7.60, and 12.40 min, respectively. Results showed that only two isolates were able to produce rutin. A comparison of the mean production of rutin showed a significant difference between the two fungi. Alternaria alternata M28 (22.94 ppm) had the highest amount of rutin production. Results also showed that rutin production in the mycelial tissue was more than in the extracellular medium, so A. alternata M28 and Paecilomyces maximus M7 had rutin content of about 67.5 and 5.56 times, respectively.

Fungal rutin in methanolic extracts was characterized by HPLC. This is the first report showing that endophytic fungi have a potential for rutin production from C. spinosa and more research on these isolates can increase the amount of rutin production in them and lead to the possible commercialization.

One of the duties of nurses is to observe the patients’ rights, which are the expectations that patients have from medical services. The aim of this study was to review previous studies about the level of awareness and observation the patient rights from the perspective of patients and nurses.

In a review study the inclusion criteria of the articles were the relationship of the articles with the patient’s bill of rights, using keywords such as “Patient’s rights”, “Patient’s bill/charter of right”, “Attitude”, “Awareness”, “Nurse”, and “Iran” in the title of the article, and conducting a study specifically on nurses and patients hospitalized in the period of 1998 to 2018 in internal and external databases including SID, Iran medex, Magiran, Irandoc, pubmed, and Google scholar search engine.

The results showed that the observation of patients’ rights by nurses was not at a desired level. In some studies, better patient's rights were respected in nurses with more work experience or in patients with higher educational level.

Based on the results, medical service providers should have excellent level of respect for patients’ rights with providing information to patients and their right to choose and to make decisions, because more awareness and more respect for patients' rights will lead to an increase in the quality of care and an improvement in the relations between the patient and the treatment staff as well as a decrease in the number of  patients' complaints.

In the present study, the effect of drying methods on the bioactive compounds of the two salvia spieces,Salviaofficinalis  andsalvia nemorosa,was investigated. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment with two factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was two species of salvia and the second factor was drying method in 4 levels of shade drying for 144 hours, drying under the sun irradiation for 78 hours and drying in oven at 40 and 70°C for 37 and 6 hours, respectively. With concidering two levels for the first factor and four levels for the second factor, 8 treatments were studied in the experiment. The results showed that the highest extract yield (11%) was obtained from samples which dried in the oven with 70°C and in both species with a higher rate inS.nemorosa. The percentage of weight loss was not affected by drying methods but it affected by species andS.officinalis had the highest weight loss compared to another specie. High value of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total tannin and antioxidant properties of two speiceswere found in samples dried in shade, and the lowest value of these traits were recorded in plants which dried in the oven at 70°C. High contents of phenolic acids including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvainolic acidwere recorded  in both species which dried at shade condition and the lowest amount were found in samples dried in oven at 70°C. Also, salvainolicacid and rosmarinic acid was recorded at high level of phenolic acids in samples dried at shad condition.By comparing breeded (S. officinalis) and native species (S. nemorosa), it was found that the native species can have outstanding features for domestication, improvement and further research.

 Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, with various complications and morbidities due to treatment modalities. Most patients suffer from psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, poor quality of life, and sleep. Bioenergy Economy (BEE)-based program is an integrative mind-body care model that targets the development of individuals' well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the BEE program on the four factors of depression, anxiety, quality of life, and sleep quality in patients with breast cancer.

 This study was a clinical trial on 20 patients with the stage I-III of breast cancer who were referred to an oncologist in Isfahan, Iran. The candidates were selected by the convenience sampling method and the BEE protocol was done for all of the patients in 8 sessions. Depression, anxiety, quality of life, and sleep quality of the patients were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires, respectively. The trial had no control group. All assessments were done in 3-time courses consisting of before the intervention, immediately after, and one year after the intervention.

 This study evaluated 20 patients with breast cancer. The mean score of depression and anxiety significantly decreased immediately after the intervention and then significantly increased in a 1-year follow-up (P = 0.003 and P = 0.014, respectively, for depression and P = 0.006 and P = 0.003, respectively, for anxiety). Evaluating the quality of life in different 8 subscales showed significant changes in subscales of physical functioning and social role functioning immediately after the intervention and in the 1-year follow-up in comparison with the pre-test (P = 0.007 and P = 0.005, respectively). The mean score of sleep quality was increased immediately after the intervention and also during the 1-year follow-up.

 The BEE program can be considered a psycho-oncology intervention in patients with breast cancer, alongside their conventional treatments. The findings suggest that for the sustained mental health of patients with cancer, a continuous BEE practice might be demanded.

Gender is recognized as an important factor in protecting the environment. Nevertheless, gender mainstreaming is still considered a secondary option and waste of funds. This study evaluates the impact of the gender gap on the environmental performance of selected countries in the world using the World Economic Forum data and the clustering k-mean and ordinary least squares regression methods in the framework of demographic metabolism theory during 2014-2020. The results of spatial clustering showed that countries of South and Central Africa and South Asia are in cluster 1 with the lowest values of economic participation and opportunity, health and survival, educational attainment, and political empowerment. Therefore, they must first consider the dimensions of educational attainment and health and survival. Cluster 2 with moderate values ​​in South America, East Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe in order to achieve membership in Cluster 3 as well as Cluster 3 itself in Western Europe, North America, and Australia need to further protect the environment and hence, must emphasize the economic participation-opportunity and political empowerment of women. In addition, the results of multivariate ordinary least squares regression showed that the dimensions of the gender gap explain 41% of the fluctuations in environmental performance. Thus, it can be said that the instability of environmental performance in Asian, African and South American countries is due to the gender gap. In addition, the two dimensions of women's educational attainment and political empowerment are the most important components influencing environmental performance.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the methods of preventing the entry of alcohol in the disciplinary command of East Azerbaijan province. The research method is applied and qualitative in terms of approach. The study population is experts, officials, executors and generally knowledgeable about the implementation and policy of alcohol trafficking in the province's disciplinary command. Sampling is done theoretically, theoretical sampling is a kind of purposeful sampling. MAQDA software was used for data analysis. The results of the research show that "methods of preventing the situation of alcohol trafficking in the field of disciplinary command of East Azerbaijan province include" individual status, family status, local status, national status, international status, respectively ", methods of social prevention of trafficking. Alcoholic beverages were obtained in the field of disciplinary command of East Azerbaijan province in six categories and respectively (neutralization, elimination of motivational factors, incentive measures, persuasive policies, involvement in prevention and counseling and increasing resources). Alcohol was obtained in the East Azarbaijan Province Disciplinary Command in six categories, respectively: operational measures, public awareness, authoritarian treatment, recidivism intervention, elimination, and restriction. The disciplinary command of East Azerbaijan province was obtained, including "trial and issuance of judicial sentences, criminal equivalents, application of official punishments, announcement of restorative punishments."