دکتر محمود یحیی زاده فر

Blockchain technology in the banking industry is effective in speeding up the transactions, increasing security, dealing with bank embezzlement and storing customer information, and reducing the time and costs of banking operations.

The purpose of this research is to map the impact of blockchain technology functions on the Iran's banking system.

First of all, the functions of the banking system and blockchain technology are identified using the systematic literature review. In the next step, the functions are screened with Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). The statistical sample of the research included 12 senior managers of four banks: Melli, Pasargad, Maskan, and Saderat.

Using systematic literature review method, the functions of the banking system and blockchain technology are identified, and the results are localized with FDM, which finally 13 functions for the blockchain and 5 functions (establishment of the monetary and credit system, value creation, public cooperation, facilitation exchanges and balance of parallel markets) for the banking system are identified. Based on the results of the Intuitive Fuzzy Cognitive Map (IFCM), blockchain leads to the development of an integrated infrastructure between the management systems of banks, customer information management and information exchange.

According to the results, the functions of blockchain technology lead the bank stakeholders to implement this technology faster. The results indicate that senior managers of banking system should pay more attention to the important functions of blockchain and solutions.

Research show that the concept of sustainability based on employees' environmental behavior has been largely ignored, and there is a need for a comprehensive research on past and future research trends. The present study was carried out to design a model of sustainability in the workplace based on the environmental behavior of employees. This research is based on a mixed approach and done by using bibliometric network analysis of the existing research background published between 2005 and 2024, a systematic review of the literature and a semi-structured interview. The dimensions of environmental behavior in the workplace include protection, avoiding harm, transforming, influencing others and, taking the initiative, and the antecedents of environmental behavior in the workplace include personality traits, demographic characteristics, external factors including interventions, period educational programs, and environmental campaigns, situational factors related to the organization and leadership support, and internal factors include cognitive factors, emotional factors, social factors, and motivational factors.. Education for sustainability and the design of environmental campaigns is one of the most frequent concepts in the systematic review of articles and interviews of experts; therefore, policymakers and planning managers of organizations and macro-level planning managers of the country can develop environmental policies in the field of designing educational courses and environmental campaigns for companies at individual, organizational and social levels.

In today's rapidly evolving business ecosystem, particularly in the insurance industry, complexity and pace of change have reached a level where adaptation to these fluctuations and ensuring sustainability are essential for survival. This has a significant influence both on small-scale and on strategic decisions made by business managers. Therefore, understanding the level of sustainability of companies within the dynamic contemporary environment is of utmost importance. This study aims to identify the sustainability assessment components of insurance companies in Iran and classify them based on sustainability using a clustering approach.

The study was carried out as applied work in terms of the objective and as a descriptive and survey work in terms of data collection and analysis approach. The statistical population of the study included all insurance companies in Iran. To determine the assessment indicators, the main indicators of the GRI model were extracted through an in-depth literature review and analysis of the Global Reporting Initiative website. After weighing these indicators, a structured questionnaire was designed and distributed among 12 experts, and the validity of the components was assessed through a two-round Fuzzy Delphi method. After confirming the components in two rounds, a structured questionnaire was formulated and distributed to 28 experts. Following data collection, insurance companies were classified using the k-means clustering method in SPSS.

The research findings revealed 21 main components and 35 sub-components for assessing the sustainability of insurance companies in Iran. According to the results, the Iranian insurance companies were classified into three clusters based on sustainability: the first cluster included companies in the formation stage, the second cluster encompassed companies in the growth phase, and the third cluster consisted of companies in the development phase with regards to sustainability. Specifically, 17 companies were in the first cluster, 6 companies in the second cluster, and 5 companies in the third cluster.

Companies strive to take steps towards sustainable development by providing sustainability reports, and the insurance industry is no exception. The insurance industry acts as a facilitator in promoting social, environmental, and economic activities. It possesses the necessary mechanisms and incentives to facilitate sustainable business activities on a macro level. However, segments within the insurance industry are susceptible to emerging risks stemming from social, environmental, and economic factors. Businesses deal with a variety of necessities at different levels of sustainability, and each insurance company aligns itself with a particular level of sustainability. The flexibility of insurance companies to adapt to changes and environmental transformations also varies. Therefore, insurance companies within each cluster must be adequately prepared for the changes.

Trying to improve and effectively and efficiently use various resources such as labor, capital and information is the goal of all managers. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of individual, environmental, organizational and cultural factors on improving the productivity of human resources in state banks. The current research is based on the purpose of an applied research and based on the quantitative approach and the nature of the descriptive research of the survey type. The data collection method is library and field type. The sampling method of this research is classified randomly. The tool for collecting information in this research is a questionnaire made by the researcher, which is taken from the theoretical research literature. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was also examined through face validity, content and construct validity, and its reliability, with composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was confirmed by the alpha coefficient above 0.7. The statistical population of the current research includes 300 managers and vice presidents of state banks in Mazandaran province, of which 169 people were selected as a sample according to the Karjesi Morgan table. To analyze the data, the structural equation model test was used with the help of PLS software. The obtained results show that individual, cultural, organizational and environmental factors influence the improvement of human resources productivity with path coefficients of 0.233, 0.260, 0.391 and 0.960, respectively.

The present research aims to provide a comprehensive view of the current status of research on the innovation ecosystem. This is scientometrics effort to extract and analyze Bibliometrics networks in this field, conducted based on the indices of the Scopes citation database. The documents indexed on the open innovation ecosystem were extracted from the Scopes database from 2009 to 2023 using the systematic review method. They were then fed into Viewer to analyze Bibliometrics networks and use data mining techniques. The results revealed an ascending trend of publications on the open innovation ecosystem over the recent decade. According to the findings of the systematic review of the literature, keywords in the definitions of the open innovation ecosystem, such as network, actors, value creation, etc., have received the attention of researchers. Furthermore, the results of the co-citation network analysis also show that the literature is placed in four clusters: “open innovation,” “value creation and triple helix,” “production innovation in the open innovation ecosystem,” and “launching and development of open innovation.” According to research findings in recent years the relationship of topics such as cultural, industries sustainable development Sustainability etc.,

Academic environments have unique characteristics that result from their expectations, climate, and organizational culture. Discussion culture is the main method of communication in higher education that requires its competencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of university administrators' competencies on conflict resolution strategies at Babol University of Medical Sciences.

This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey and cross-sectional in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population in this study was administrators of Babol University of Medical Sciences. by stratified random sampling, the statistical sample size was 72 people. The Feld method and questionnaire tool were used to collect research data. The structural equation method and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the collected data.

Data analysis showed there is a significant relationship between managers' competencies and the conflict resolution style of managers at Babol University of Medical Sciences. There was the highest relationship between social competence (0.8)  and managerial competence (0.68)  with the style of collaboration in conflict management.

Conclution: 

One of the characteristics of effective managers is to pay attention to establishing trust-based communication with employees. Social and managerial competencies help managers to use the best appropriate conflict management strategy in the organization. The collaboration style is a positive strategy in conflict resolution. By using the collaboration style, people are looking for solutions that are consistent with their interests and will preserve effective relationships.

Innovation and originality:

 Identifying and explaining the relationship between managers' managerial, social, and individual competencies and the three strategies of collaboration, competition, and avoidance in conflict management at university.

The present study identifies the factors affecting organizational governance in public sector agencies and ranks them according to their importance.

The study was exploratory, and the data collection method included interviews and questionnaires. The sources of questions were audit reports and budget deductions of the state agencies from 2014 to 2019. Based on the interviews with 40 experts, such items as transparency, accountability, efficiency, effectiveness, and openness were selected as influential components of public sector governance in Iran. The statistical sample who answered the questionnaires consisted of managers of the agencies. Also, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to analyze the data.

Results indicate that out of the selected components, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness have the highest degree of priority in organizational governance in the public sector of Iran. 

 In addition to explaining a new model for corporate governance in the public sector, this research prioritizes the components of corporate governance.

Emerging research findings underscore the competitive nature of attracting and maintaining knowledge workers in information technology industry and the knowledge workers’ propensity to find an appropriate workplace with fun as a distinctive feature attributed to it. This study investigated knowledge workers’ feeling of organizational attachment in relation to the fun they experienced in their workplace and with regard to the attitude they held toward workplace fun. The research population comprised 437 employees in the information technology industrial companies in Mazandaran Province, Iran. The data collection instruments included three standardized questionnaires measuring the amount of experienced fun, organizational attachment and attitude toward fun that were administered to a stratified sample of 212 participants. The collected data were analyzed statistically and revealed that the fun knowledge workers experienced in their workplace, with an impact factor of 0.441, was significantly correlated with their organizational attachment. In addition, the moderating role of attitude toward workplace fun, with an impact factor of 0.262, was approved. Scrutiny of fun activities indicated that celebration of work achievement and success was of paramount importance for knowledge workers.

Nowadays with the emergence of a knowledge-based economy,innovative businesses are very important for countries due to their job and wealth creation and their competitiveness in the global economy. These businesses are always facing key challenges due to their different nature form common businesses of which one of the most important challenges is about their financing and raising capital. This study seeks to provide an interactive model for the life cycle ofinnovative start-ups and financing policies. For this purpose, according to the existing literature gap and theoretical contradictions, the present study was conducted using Grounded theory method. Data were generated based on 11 expert opinions as well as previous studies and were analyzed in open,axial, and selective coding steps. The findings showed that innovative start-ups have four key stages in financing, including seeds, start-ups, growth and development and Financing strategies included internal and external strategies generally, and most known internal strategy was bootstrapping and the most important external strategies were Euity Financing, debt-based financing, hybrid financing, grants, financial and tax incentives, and cryptocurrencies. . Causal variables finance start-up businesses include individual factors such as the founder's traits, and organizational factors such as information transparency, team members, ideas, Key Contextual Variables for financing start-up businesses include policy and legislation, technology platform, organizational platform, competitive platform, socio-cultural platform and educational platform, and for intervening factors university, industry, sanctions, talent migration, and competitors Were identified. Consequences fall into several categories: micro-consequences at the business level and macroeconomic Consequences such as social, and environmental consequences.

The purpose of this research is to assess the effect of matching with import standards of other countries on perceived barriers of export and export performance of Pegah Company. The research is applicable in nature and used a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study consists of all managers and individuals who are active in the 10 export sectors of Pegah Company. The number of statistical population is undetermined and the chosen sample size is 384 by choosing unconfirmed judgments. In the present study, the field method is used to collect the initial data and the five-choice Likert questionnaire is used for gathering data and the library method is used for collecting secondary data. The results of the research show that export commitment has a significantly positive effect on export performance, export experience has a significantly positive effect on export performance, export commitment has a significantly positive effect on perceived export barriers, export experience has a significantly positive effect on perceived export barriers, perceived export barriers Export performance has a significantly positive effect, and there is a significantly positive effect of adaptation on export performance.

Subject and Purpose :

of the Article: Proper governance in the public sectors is one of the preconditions for good governance and one of the basic preconditions for sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to explain the governance model of the public sector and to investigate the effect of governance privilege on the financial indiscipline of selected ministries.

Theoretical foundations and research background of relevant domestic and international principles and standards were examined and presented in the form of four components of transparency, responsiveness, efficiency, effectiveness and openness, and by analyzing the relevant indicators of each component.

Based on the analysis of the opinions provided by the experts, the generality of the proposed model model consisting of 4 components and 110 related indicators was confirmed. By analyzing the relevant reports, it was found that the two components of accountability and efficiency and effectiveness have caused a significant reduction in financial indiscipline in the studied devices.

Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge:

 The research model, considering the scope of the indicators, can be used as a basis for establishing appropriate governance in the public sector and assessing its status, which leads to a more effective use of public funds.

The purpose of this research is to explain the price of share using performance variables, management system and audit committee, as well as forecasting the price of share to help decision makers and investors.

For this purpose, the information about 208 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, during 2010-2017, have been extracted and analyzed using the linear and nonlinear method of Gaussian process.

Preliminary research results show that performance criteria are more capable of explaining stock prices compared to governance criteria. The results also indicate the high power of machine learning methods for predicting the price of companies' stocks. The latter is especially true for the nonlinear Gaussian process, which has also proven to perform better than the CART or the lasso algorithms.

Since corporate governance and the audit committee are two governing bodies of the stock exchange in Iran, and the stock market participants are not aware of how they operate, it seems that the performance information content is better for investors than governance measurements. Among the non-financial criteria, ownership concentration is the only factor that is able to explain the price of share of the company, and it can be argued that major shareholders have the motivation and ability to supervise the manager and increase the company's performance.

This research examines the relationship between stock liquidity, investment and investment efficiency with respect to financial constraints and operational risk for a sample of 130 companies during the period from 2011 to 1394. The results of this research indicate that stock liquidity has a positive and significant relationship with the investment of the company. In addition, the results show that liquidity can be better off the investment opportunity by reducing its costs and facilities and lead to investment efficiency, and also showed that liquidity can reduce the sensitivity between investment efficiency and reduce investment opportunity, In other words, the higher the liquidity, the more efficient the investment, even in the case of low investment opportunities. In addition, in firms with financial constraints and operational risk, liquidity has a greater impact on investment.

Deciding when to buy or sell stocks is a challenging problem for investors to increase incoming and decrease loss in stock market. Methods of predicting stock market in literature fall into two main categories: fundamental-analysis-based methods and technical-analysis-based methods. Predicting the trend of stock price movements and detecting changes of trend direction using technical analysis is generally preferred by analyzers in comparison with price prediction methods using fundamental analysis, due to data frequency reduction and less data variations in short-term. Most of the both methods use Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques such as data mining and meta-heuristic approaches. AI based approaches suffer disadvantage of expert interaction necessity. In this paper a hybrid method of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Colored Petri Nets (CPN) is proposed to model, simulate and predict buy/sell stock trading signals. CPN is a formal modeling language which supports mathematical simulation and markup language programming that reduces the necessity of human expert interaction in prediction approach. Stock trading rules are extracted from historical data of 162 companies in Tehran stock exchange weekly gathered from April 2016 till April 2018 using GA to maximize earning per share. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, in terms of classification correctness.

Today, intense competition between manufacturers, increasing innovation and reducing the life span of products has led to the design, production and marketing of products for a variety of purposes, and the types of risks involved in large-scale design for supply chains. The purpose of this research is to design a strategic supply chain risk management system with a systematic approach to risk assessment and control in the auto industry. For this purpose, with the exploratory blend approach, a survey methodology has been used by experts to design the system from a forward-looking method and then to test it in the automotive industry. Six stages and the main dimensions for designing the strategic risk management system of the supply chain in the automotive industry were identified and approved by the experts: creation of a platform, establishment of the process and status of the objectives of the risk management system, identification of supply chain risks, risk analysis and measurement Supply chain, determination of supply chain risk management strategies, determination of information and education procedures in supply chain risk management system and improvement of supply chain continuity and risk management system.

Given the importance and role of gold as a tool for investing, especially in developing countries, various approaches have been used to predict gold future returns. Hence, the main purpose of the present study is prediction the daily return of gold coin future contract by using multilayer feed-forward neural network and auto-regressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models in Iran mercantile exchange. For this purpose, the daily data on 20 the gold coin futures contracts for periods July 2014 to September 2016 which has been continued using the method “back-adjusted”, is used. Also, after investigating results of previous studies, dollar price return, gold coin price return and global gold price return have been used as effecting variables on gold coin future contracts return. In addition, Predictive accuracy the neural network and the ARCH models were evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that in the period under review, the neural network model performs better than the ARCH model in the prediction out of sample. But based on the results of the paired t-test, the prediction accuracy of the two models hasn’t been the statistically significant difference.

In this research, the relationship between working capital and profitability in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange was analyzed. In contrast to previous researches, quadratic nonlinear relationship between these two variables was investigated. The results showed that there is no nonlinear relationship between working capital and profitability. This shows no optimal level of capital flow in which the profitability is maximum. Furthermore, the results of research in automobile, chemical and non-metal minerals shows a nonlinear relationship between working capital and profitability.

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of social capital on financial development in Iran. To do so, the statistical data were collected during 1984 to 2012 and vector error correction model was used. The number of annually judicial cases about returned checks and liquidity to real gross domestic product ratio were selected as proxies of social capital and financial development respectively. The results derived from Johansen cointegration test indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relation between social capital and financial development in Iran. Also vector error correction model estimates show that social capital has a positively significant impact on financial development in Iran.

Intellectual capital is set of knowledge-based assets that belongs to an organization and will add value to key organizational stakeholders and this leads to a better competitive situation. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and companies'' performance in Iran during 1382-1387 using LISREL software. Earning per share، return on equity، net income to total assets ratio، return on investment and aggregate stock return are defined as the company’s performance criterion. The results showed that a direct relationship exists among stockholders equity، ordinary stocks returns and one kind of intellectual capital called customer capital. In addition، Return of Assets and Earning per Share have direct relationship with customer capital and also human capital. Furthermore، investment total return has a direct relationship with customer، human and structural capitals.

One of the most challenging observations in financial markets is that the common stock return، In contrast with the efficient market hypothesis، has special behaviors in various time intervals. One of these abnormal behaviors is as a result of momentum and contrarian strategies. This study investigates the effect of trading volume on contrarian and momentum strategies performance using a sample of 108 listed firms'' data in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003-2011. The sample data were collected from Tadbir Pardaz and Rahavard Nouvin software. The research hypothesis was tested using mean comparison، ANOVA and Tokay tests. The results showed that the momentum strategy in high and medium trading volume is profitable quarterly. Also the momentum return will increase when the trading volume is increased.

The present research investigated the relationship between privatization and liquidity in listed companies of Tehran stock exchange using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique during 1382- 1387. Before estimation of the model, stationary of the variables were tested using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between government owned companies and stock market using market trading turnover and Amihud’s liquidity criterion, but international news has directly affected on the liquidity in Tehran Stock Exchange.

One of the basic problems of applied finance is the optimal selection of stocks by conflicting objective of maximizing future return and minimizing investment risk. The first systematic treatment of this dilemma is the mean variance approach proposed by Markowitz. Markowitz combined the optimization and probability theory to solve the dilemma. In Markowitz’s mean variance model, the security returns are assumed to be random variables, and the investors are postulated to establish equilibrium between the conflicted objectives, which the investment risk and return are respectively quantified by mean and variance of portfolio of security. A basic assumption behind Markowitz’s mean variance model is that the situation of the stock market in future can be correctly reflected by security data in the past, that is, mean and covariance of a portfolio of securities in the future are similar to the past ones. However, there are so many uncertain factors that this assumption cannot be guaranteed for the real ever changing stock markets. This uncertainty can be fuzzy variables, and consequently, a portfolio of securities can be selected on the assumption that security returns are considered to be fuzzy variables. A fuzzy variable is a measurable function from credibility space to a set of real numbers. Sometimes, fuzziness and randomness simultaneously appear in a system. A hybrid variable describes the quantities with fuzziness and randomness. A hybrid variable is a measurable function from a chance space to set of real numbers. A hybrid variable can be fuzzy random variable and random fuzzy variable. A fuzzy random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a collection of fuzzy sets, and a random fuzzy variable is a function from a possibility space to a collection of random variables. Another Markowitz’s assumption is homogenous expectations that all the investors share the same expected returns and predicted variance and covariance about the future is unrealistic in real world. In this paper, λ mean variance portfolio selection model which assumes security returns are fuzzy random variables and considers the investors’ subjective opinions for estimating the rate of return of each security that is compared with Markowitz’s mean variance portfolio selection model assuming security returns are random variable, thus considering homogenous expectation for the investors. Research hypothesis: In this paper, we try to answer the question of “what differences are there between the efficient frontier of the λ mean variance portfolio selection model and Markowitz’s model?”. In order to compare efficient frontier of the λ mean variance portfolio selection model and Markowitz’s model, two hypotheses are considered as follows: Hypothesis 1: In a given level of portfolio risk, optimistic portfolio return is completely greater than Markowitz’s portfolio return and Markowitz portfolio return is completely greater than pessimistic portfolio return.Hypothesis 2: In a given level of portfolio return, optimistic portfolio risk is completely less than Markowitz’s portfolio risk and Markowitz portfolio risk is completely less than pessimistic portfolio return. Two types of data are collected in this research. First, the historical security returns are collected monthly from Tehran Stock Exchange with respect to the limitation that the company trading symbols remain open for 45 consecutive days from March 2005 to March 2010. Based on the limitation, the numbers of companies are obtained 63. Because of collecting questionnaires and receiving better answers from the quality aspect, 30 companies are selected considering simultaneously more mean of days which company symbols remain open and the more mean of monthly historical returns during the years. The second is the maximum and minimum expected returns which are collected by questionnaires. In this paper they are considered by experts who are the managers and staffs of the brokerage firms and investment companies. The brokerage firms and investment companies are 121 totally. Because some companies may not answer to the questionnaires, the estimation sample is applied to determine how many questionnaires must be collected. Finally, these data are used in the λ mean variance and Markowitz’s model to calculate risk and return portfolios. SPSS software program is applied to test the hypotheses according to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Because SPSS software is used for two tailed test, first, hypotheses 1 and 2 are examined as two tailed test, then, Tukey’s test is performed. Testing hypotheses showsis accepted and rejected. Considering the results of the hypothesis testing, the research question can be answered as Markowitz’s efficient frontier is under the optimistic efficient frontier and above the pessimistic efficient frontier.Conclusion and One of the fundamental assumptions behind the Markowitz’s model is that the future situation of the stock market can be correctly reflected by security data in the past, which future security return is calculated on the assumption that security return is random variable. The other basic assumption of the Markowitz’s model is homogenous expectation, that is, all investors share the same expected return. These problematic assumptions have been dealt with λ mean variance model on the following assumptions. First, security return is fuzzy random variable. Second, investors have heterogeneous expectation. In fact, investors use experts’ judgment according to left and right spread of security returns and select their subjective degree of optimism-pessimism. The result of the research indicating two new assumptions lead to Markowitz’s efficient frontier placed between the optimistic and pessimistic efficient frontier. Investigating how this research results in selecting appropriate portfolio requires more researches.