مقالات رزومه دکتر محمدرضا مرادی

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived motivational climate in predicting the goal orientation of elite and non-elite taekwondo players.

This study was descriptive-correlational, and its statistical population was all elite and non-elite taekwondo players in Isfahan city. Based on the population size, 300 samples with a mean age of 25.1 were selected using the Morgan table. Questionnaires on demographic information, goal orientation in sport, and perceived motivational climate in sport were distributed among 150 elite taekwondo players and the same number among non-elite taekwondo players in selected clubs. The completed questionnaires were collected for analysis. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression.

The results showed that in elite taekwondo players, goal orientation had a significant relationship with task orientation (r=0.692, p=0.001), perceived motivational climate (r=0.420, p=0.001), and predicted 47.5% and 2.7% of their goal orientation, respectively. In non-elite taekwondo players, goal orientation had a significant relationship with ego orientation (r=0.522, p=0.001) and predicted 26.8% of goal orientation sequentially.

Overall, the results showed that perceived motivational climate had a more effective role in predicting the goal orientation of elite taekwondo players compared to non-elite taekwondo players.

 Today, studying the concept of lifestyle and professional thoughts of elite athletes in different societies has become more important than ever before. On the other hand, by studying the background of the present researcher, he has investigated more research works in this field based on the components of lifestyle and professional thinking, and he has tried to find the root cause of the emergence of a certain thinking or lifestyle among elite athletes. It has not been done; therefore, the present research work was conducted in order to identify the effective factors in the formation of lifestyle and professional thinking of elite athletes.

 The current research work was conducted using a qualitative method and a contextual approach using a systematic design. In this research work, the samples were first selected purposefully, and the sampling process continued as a snowball and was completed by conducting an in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 experts and reaching the theoretical saturation criterion. Then by analyzing the text of the interviews, observations were made, and the researcher's notes were coded. Validity and reliability of the generated codes were confirmed by four participants.

 First, by analyzing the text of the interviews, 107 open codes were identified and categorized in the form of 30 sub-categories and 5 main categories. Then in the social coding stage, the link between the categories under the title of causal conditions: individual conditions, background conditions: effective factors in the formation of personalities, situational situations: the philosophy and thoughts of coaches, the central category: professional thinking, strategies: the role of the federation, clubs and sports organizations; and

the objective components of lifestyle were determined in the form of the code determination paradigm. In the coding phase, the components of the coding paradigm were explained and the model was drawn.

 According to the results of the current research work, professional thinking is the inner and mental dimension of professional lifestyle, which shows itself objectively and outwardly in the components and sub-components of lifestyle; also it is necessary to work on the professional thinking and lifestyle of an athlete from the basic age until the person reaches the stage of self-awareness. In this case, when a person reaches professional levels, the professional lifestyle is internalized for him, and he automatically observes the professional principles. The results of this research work can be used to help administrators, coaches, and athletes for efficient educational planning and moving towards professionalism.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of resilience training on psychological well-being and perceived stress of volleyball coaches. All male volleyball coaches in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinc were randomly divided into groups Resilience training intervention based on the Henderson's theory, and was implemented for 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The Ryff’s Psychological Welfare Questionnaire and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Questionnaire were used. The results showed that resilience training had a significant effect on the perceived stress and psychological well-being of volleyball coaches. The inclusion of resilience training in training programs of volleyball coaches will be effective.

One of the most important determinants of participation of people with physical disabilities in various activities is self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the role of social capital in relation to sports participation and self-efficacy in the physically disabled in Shahrekord, Iran.

The method of the present study is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study included all physically disabled people in Shahrekord (number = 2139). Based on the Cochran's formula, at an error level of 5%, 228 people were selected as the convenience sample. The research instruments were the “Social Capital Questionnaire”, the “Sports Participation Questionnaire”, and the “General Self-Efficacy Scale”. Face validity, content validity by qualitative method and construct validity by convergent validity of instruments and reliability by internal consistency method were evaluated and confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS .23 and PLS 3.

The proposed model had a good fit. Participation in sports activities is significantly correlated with self-efficacy (β=0.448, t=4.935) and social capital (β = 0.165, t = 2.262) of physically disabled. Self-efficacy is also significantly correlated with the social capital of the physically disabled (β=0.231, t=2.524).

Participating in sports activities will increase the self-efficacy of the physically disabled by increasing social capital. It is suggested that psychologists and health professionals pay more attention to the role of sports participation and social capital to improve the self-efficacy of the physically disabled.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the mental image of the country of origin of the brand on the formation of brand equity resulting in brand trust in the sports industry as a case study in Shiraz. The method in the present study is due to the application of the results in solving common problems, in terms of practical purpose, due to partial description of the situation and calculation of community parameters (age, education, gender, etc.), in terms of descriptive-inferential method and modeling-based Structural equations and analysis is a factor that is used for data collection, first from library studies and then for the use of questionnaires of survey type and in terms of time. The statistical population used in this study was all those who used brands of sports products in Shiraz and due to the unlimited statistical population and using the Cochran unlimited sample size formula and with a 5% error, 384 people were targeted by sampling method. The questionnaire was distributed and collected in person in some sports stores in different parts of Shiraz. The Moradi Lalekaei & et al (2016) questionnaire was used, which includes 29 questions in two sections: general and specific questions. To answer the questions, the Likert scale was used, which includes 5 values. In this spectrum, there is the lowest score that is completely opposite (one) and the highest score is completely agreed (five). This questionnaire measures the image of the country of origin of the brand (5 questions), brand association (awareness) (3 questions), brand loyalty (3 questions), brand differentiation (4 questions), brand trust (3 questions) and brand equity (4 questions) Has. In the discussion of determining the validity of the content, the questionnaire was heard and commented by 5 professors and experts in the field of sports management, and after consulting and applying their opinion, the questionnaires were approved for distribution. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability and a small number of questionnaires (30 people) were distributed for the preliminary study. Based on the data obtained from them, the Cronbach's alpha level of the questionnaire was higher than 0.8, which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. It has a high. In this study, at the level of descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and elongation to classify and describe data and at the level of inferential statistics from Pearson correlation coefficient tests and structural equation modeling and factor analysis to test research hypotheses and determine the amount and strength of dependent independent variables. Using Spss and Smart-PLS software. Based on the research findings, it can be said that the image of the country of origin has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand differentiation and brand equity in the sports industry. Also, it can be said that brand awareness has a positive and significant effect on brand equity but does not have a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty in the sports industry. Also, it can be said that brand loyalty has a positive and significant effect on brand equity and brand differentiation in the sports industry. Also, it can be said that brand differentiation does not have a positive and significant effect on brand equity in the sports industry. It can also be said that brand equity has a positive and significant effect on brand trust in the sports industry. On the other hand, according to the path coefficients, it can be said that the image of the country of origin, among the dimensions of brand equity, ie brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand differentiation, has the greatest impact on brand awareness. Also, it can be said that the special value of the brand among its dimensions, ie brand awareness and brand loyalty and brand differentiation, has received the most impact from brand loyalty. Findings from factor analysis showed that the mental image of the country of origin has a positive and significant effect on the dimensions of brand equity (awareness, loyalty and differentiation) and brand equity and has the greatest impact on brand awareness. Since the relationship between the dual dimensions of brand equity (awareness and loyalty) and brand equity is positive and significant, it can be argued that the higher the brand loyalty and brand awareness, the higher the value. The brand name is created for them; In other words, it can be said that brand names with high loyalty have a high special value of brand name. The results show that brand loyalty and brand association have a direct impact on brand equity. On the other hand, no direct relationship was found between the perceived quality of the brand and the brand equity. Among the factors that have a direct effect on brand equity, brand loyalty has the most impact and brand awareness is next, which brand loyalty is a key structure in describing brand equity. On the other hand, the effect of brand differentiation with brand equity was not reported to be positive and significant. Other research findings include the positive and significant effect of brand equity on brand trust. According to the research results, manufacturers of sports products are advised to be careful in choosing a foreign or domestic business partner. Also, due to the importance of the image of the country of origin, exporters should pay attention to the role of loyalty of the destination countries in the continuous purchase of Iranian sports goods and the recognition of Iranian sports brands. On the other hand, manufacturers and resellers to increase customer loyalty must establish a long-term relationship with customers and by unique products, credibility, innovation and high technology of their products can differentiate their product from other competitors by brand differentiation and Attract more customers through differentiation. Finally, manufacturers and marketers to produce the product pay attention to the expectations of target market customers to enhance their brand value in the minds of consumers so that ultimately brand equity results in brand trust.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of managers' strategic thinking on the quality of services of sports clubs in Karaj. The statistical population of the study included all sports clubs in Karaj. In order to select the sample, a random cluster method was used, so that due to the existence of 10 urban areas in Karaj, 15 sports clubs were randomly selected from each area. In each sports club, a manager with 30 customers who have at least six They had a month of attending a sports club and were selected as respondents to the questionnaires, and the average score of 10 customers was considered as a score of quality of service of each sports club. The tools for measuring research variables included the Goldman Strategic Thinking Scale (2008) and the Liu and Chen Service Quality Scale (2012). The results of structural equation modeling showed that strategic thinking has a positive and significant effect on service quality. According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the managers of sports clubs can improve the customers' perception of the quality of services provided in the sports clubs under their management by raising the levels of strategic thinking in their management.

The student who lacking of muscle balance, flexibility and with different structures spinal cord are prone to abnormality of lumbar area such as lordosis. The aim of this study was The effect of eight-weeks selected corrective exercises training on lumbar lordosis girl students13-15 year old.   Thirty students aged 13-15 year old from Broujen that had more than 30 degree lumbar lordosis angle curve were selected to investigation. Then they were randomly divided into two groups: the selected corrective exercises and control group. The experimental group attended in exercise session three times a week for 8-weeks. Each session last 60 minutes. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance ( Level of significances were 0.05). In the post test was observed significant difference between lumbar lordosis, abdominal strength and resistance and back flexibility of control and experimental groups (P<0.01).  Generally it can be concluded that designing the selected corrective exercises training protocol has positive effects on the rate of lumbar lordosis, abdominal strength and resistance and back flexibility of persons sick.

Purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between service quality and repurchase intentions among fans of an Sepahan club and also the effect of team identification on this relationship. In this line, a total number of 312 fans responded to questionnaires including service quality, revisit (repurchase) intention and team identification. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression analyses. Findings showed that team identification moderates the relationship between service quality and revisit intention. Both overall service quality and two specific service-quality dimensions (“responsiveness” and “access”) are found to be positively associated with repurchase intentions only among respondents with low and medium team identification. No relationship is found between service quality and repurchase intentions among those with high team identification. Managers of professional sports events who wish to increase attendances by improvements in service quality should first segment their customers according to degree of team identification. They should then design their service offerings specifically to meet the service quality expectations of sports fans with medium or low team identification

Mental retardation is one of the most common mental disabilities and in these people there is a disturbance in balance. The purpose of this study was Comparing the effect of Core Stability Training program and Closed Kinetic Chain Training program on the dynamic balance of mentally retarded students. In semi-experimental study that 45 male mentally retarded students in three groups 15 people Control, Core Stability and closed kinetic chain was set. Training group performed core stabilization trainings and closed kinetic chain trainings for 8 weeks and three times per week were studied. The pre-test and post-test of Get Up and Go test was done for measure dynamic balance of three groups. ANOVA test used to analyze the data (p≤0.05). dynamic balance results showed significant differences in mean Core Stability and control groups (P=0.000), closed kinetic chain and control groups (P=0.006) and Core Stability and closed kinetic chain groups (P=0.002). Core stabilization training program and closed kinetic chain training program improve the static and dynamic balance of mentally retarded students and can be used for improve dynamic balance in rehabilitation of mentally retarded students.

The present research proceeded through an examination of the relationship between social influence of managers and occupational empowerment of the personnel of Sport and Youth departments of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The research method was correlation-descriptive and the population included all the personnel of Sport and Youth departments of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (N=141). The sample size was determined by Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970) (n=104, 18 women and 86 men). The stratified random sampling method was used for research population. Two questionnaires of social influence and occupational empowerment derived from Influence Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) by Yukl and Hilton (2002) and Spritzer (1995) were provided. The data were analyzed by regression coefficient, the correlation coefficient, and multivariate analysis of variance with SPSS16 software. The results revealed that a positive and significant correlation between social influence of managers and occupational empowerment of the staff. Persuasion, exchange, inspirational appeals, legitimating tactics, apprising, pressure, ingratiation, consultation, and personal appeals could predict the components of meaningfulness, competence, independence and autonomy, and effectiveness from the occupational empowerment.

The purpose of present research was to investigate the relationship between burnout with self-efficacy among super league selected sports coaches. The sample population included 135 coaches in group (basketball¡ volleyball and footstall) and 111 coaches in individual (Taekwondo¡ Wushu and Karate) sports. Results showed that there were significant and negative correlations between burnout with self-efficacy among group and individual sports coaches. Furthermore¡ multiple regression analysis results showed that there were inverse relationships between depersonalization and personal accomplishment components with self-efficacy could be anticipated the self-efficacy among group and individual sports coaches. Also¡ results showed that only there were significant differences among burnout and its components among group sports coaches¡ but there were not significant in these variables among individual sports coaches. Finally¡ the present research results showed that there were no significant differences between self-efficacy among individual sports coaches. Based on these results¡ could be stated that the high self-efficacy there was significant and powerful role in suffer of burnout and stress.

The hyperlordosis is one of the most common disorders among girls and it has been cosidered to achieve an appropriate program to reduce the amount of deformity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two kinds of traditional and NASM corrcetive exercises training protocols on the correction of hyperlordosis in female students. In this quasi-experimental study, four hundred students aged 18 to 22 years were randomly selected and screened. Fourty five students that had more than 30 degree lumbar lurdosis angle curve were recruited to be analyzed. Then they were randomly divided into three groups: the traditional exercises, the NASM exercises and control group. The Experimental groups attended in exercise session three times a week for 8-week. Each session last 60 minutes. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05). Significant interactions were observed within 3 groups and tests (F(2, 42) = 43.3, P<0.01). Contrasts revealed that ratings of lumbar lordisis decrease in NASM group (F(2, 42) = 95.2, P<0.0, ES=.9) and traditional group (F(2, 42) = 17.2, P<0.01, ES=.7) and were significantly higher than control group. It can be conclouded that the NASM corrcetive exercises training protocol was more effective in reducing lumbar lordosis and it is recommended to clinicians, coaches, athletic trainers and other health related specialists to put this protocol for correcting the lumbar hyperlordosis.

Osteoarthritis is the most frequent illness of synovial joints and is one of the main reasons of disability in old age. The symptoms of knee osteoarthritis are as pain, morning stiffness and limited joint movements. Among different treatments, none of them is superior to the others. The goal of this study was comparing the effect of 2 physiotherapeutic treatments, feet reflexology and physiotherapy, on knee osteoarthritis in senile patients. In a semi-experimental study, 24 patients with knee osteoarthritis who came to Tohid Physiotherapy Center in Isfahan, Iran, were completely informed of the steps of the investigation, and randomly divided in to two physiotherapeutic groups of reflexology-physiotherapy and physiotherapy. In physiotherapy group, typical treatments like ultrasound, infrared and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) were used; and in reflexology group, besides the physiotherapeutic treatments, foot reflexology was applied for 30 minutes. In both groups, a program of 24 sessions (6 weeks and 4 sessions every week) was planned. In pre- and post-test, the standard form of knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) was used to check the symptoms of patients of both groups. The data was analyzed using the covariance of variances test via SPSS20 software. The symptoms of the patients (pain, stiffness, daily activities, working out and leisure activities) had more improvement in physiotherapy-reflexology group compared to physiotherapy group (P < 0.050). There was no significant difference between the two types of applied treatment in improving the quality of life in the patients (P = 0.111). This study shows that combination of physiotherapeutic and reflexology treatments is more effective than physiotherapeutic treatments alone, in senile patients with knee osteoarthritis. Thus, it is suggested that this program can be used to reduce the symptoms in these patients.

This study aimed at examining the effect of employees’ work motivation on organizational citizenship behaviors in Sport and Youth offices of Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province. All employees (N=152) in these offices completed Motivation Sources Inventory (Barbuto et al.، 2004)، and their leaders evaluated their organizational citizenship behaviors by Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (Podsakoff et al.، 1990). Out of 150 distributed questionnaires، 140 (92. 5%) were returned and considered as the sample of the study. Results showed a significant and positive relationship between dimensions of work motivation and OCB (r=0. 29، P<0. 01). Multi-regression analysis also revealed that two dimensions of work motivation (internal self-concept motivation and instrumental motivation) could predict OCB significantly. Structural equation modeling showed that 24% of variance of OCB could be explained by work motivation. These results indicated that each dimension of work motivation could explain employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors to some extent and managers need to identify and improve these dimensions، especially internal self-concept motivation and instrumental motivation in order to enhance the incidence of their employees'' organizational citizenship behaviors and finally the effectiveness of their organization.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout among Iran football league referees. In this descriptive-correlation study، 122 referees and assistant referees of Iran football leagues in season 2012-2013 participated voluntarily. Organizational Commitment Scale (Allen and Meyer، 1991) and Maslach and Jackson Burnout Inventory (1981) were used to collect data. The results revealed a significant and negative relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout، that is to say those referees who gained high organizational commitment scores had low job burnout. Also، the emotional exhaustion was the only eligible predictor of organizational commitment. The causal relationship between job burnout and organizational commitment showed the significant negative effect of job burnout on organizational commitment of referees. Since the job burnout reduced organizational commitment، it is recommended to identify and reduce causes of job burnout in order to prevent the decrease of organizational commitment and ultimately job performance.

Mental retardation is one of the most common mental disabilities that are allocated about 3% of the world's population. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of core stabilization training program on the static and dynamic balance of mentally retarded students. In a case-control study, 30 male mentally retarded students divided into two groups (CTL, 15 mentally retarded with a mean age of 11.23 ± 3.11 years, height 148 ± 7.51cm, weight 35.26 ± 5.13kg) and (TRN, 15 mentally retarded with a mean age 11.53 ± 2.25 years, height 150 ± 7.02 cm, weight 42.12 ± 7.08 kg), TRN group was performed a core stabilization program for 8 weeks and three times per week. The pre-test and post-test of Sharpened Romberg test was done to measure static balance, while 'Get Up' and 'Go test' was done to measur e dynamic balance of two groups. Independent T-test was used to analyze the data (p≤0.05). Results showed significant differences in the mean of static balance (open eye (p 14≤'> 0.000), closed eye (p≤0.000)), and for dynamic balance (P≤0.000) in both groups. Core stabilization training program improve the static and dynamic balance of mentally retarded students, and it can be used with other training programs for improving the balance of mentally retarded students.

This research aims to present a successful model for implementation of knowledge management in physical education faculties of Islamic Azad University. The statistical population of this research was the faculty members of physical education faculties of Islamic Azad University(160 Persons). The validity of the questionnaire obtained from 14 experts and reliability of test was determined by Cronbach’s alpha statistic method(%76.6). Single-sample t test was used for data analysis and statistical hypothesis testing. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify latent variables. For testing of hypotheses, the structural equation model by SPSS and LISREL statistical software was used. The findings of research showed that Information technology infrastructures are highly effective for implementation of knowledge management. Research findings also showed that the status of information technology infrastructures at physical education Faculties of Islamic Azad University is not good enough. According to significance level (P value > 0.05), access to network infrastructure with highest variance (0.345) and then access to softwares (0.278) explain the success of knowledge management. Without having the proper infrastructure in this area, campuses cannot efficiently perform both general and traditional role in the creation and dissemination of knowledge. For this reason, increased investment for developing of infrastructure of information technology is suggested.

Balance is an index to determine the level of independency of elderly (60 years and older) in their daily activities. The purpose of this study is Comparison the effect of close kinetic chain and proprioception neuromuscular facilitation training on static and dynamic balance in male elderly. A quasi-experimental study was designed that Of the among 380 subjects of male elderly in the Farsan city, 45 subjects randomly divided into 3 groups of 15. Average age in the closed chain (69.93 ± 6.70years), in proprioception neuromuscular facilitation (67.20± 6.90 years) and the control group (72.53± 6.95years) was that voluntarily participated in this study. Static and dynamic balance of all three groups of subjects were measured in pre-and post-tests. Experimental groups were performed close kinetic chain and PNF in 45 minute, 3 sessions per week in eight weeks and control group asked to continue their daily activity. Statistical analysis was performed using Repeated Measure Anova test in significant level (p≤0.05). The results showed that changes within group and interaction groups was significant in all three variables (p≤0.05). The results show no significant differences between groups in two consecutive testing in static balance with eyes open and closed (p>0.05), and differences between groups were significant in balance dynamic (p≤0.05). According to the survey, exercises closed kinematic chain exercises and PNF can be used to improve static and dynamic balance in elderly men.

Background& Ghrelin is an appetitive peptide that has role in energy balance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 12 weeks endurance training on plasma ghrelin، liver energy statues (ATP and glycogen) and growth، insulin and cortisol hormones concentrations in Wistar rats. Fourteen male Wistar rats divided into control and training groups randomly. Male Wistar rats in training group weregiven exercise on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min/day، 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Fasting rats were sacrificed 48 h after the last session of exercise and plasma and liver were excised. Ghrelin level were determinate by ELISA method، ATPwere determinate by Bioluminescence and glycogen was measured using enzymatic glucose oxidase test. Independent t-test showed that liver glycogen and ATP and growth hormone content was significantly higher in traininggroup (P < 0. 05). In addition، plasma ghrelin concentrations in training group were significantly lower than control group (P < 0. 05). Data indicated that endurance training was able to reduce ghrelin concentrations by increasing liver glycogen and ATP content. It seems that exercise training might affect plasma ghrelin levels and appetite via an improvement of energy source

Bone mineral density reduction is a problem that can lead to osteoporosis. Physical activity can be effective on the prevention of osteoporosis by some mechanisms such as changing in anthropometrics variables. The goal of this study was to evaluate bone mass density and some of anthropometrics variables and their relationship in athletes and non-athletes men. Thirty athlete and 30 non-athlete men aged 50-70 participated in this research. Their bone mass density and anthropometrics variables included weight, fat mass, muscle mass, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip circumference ratio were measured. We used independent t-test and Pearson correlation to analyze data. Significantly, in athlete group, femur and lumbar bone mass density and muscle mass were higher than non-athlete group (p>0.001). In addition, there was a significant relationship between bone mass density with weight (p>0.005), muscle mass (p>0.001) and height (p>0.005). However, the result showed that just in athlete group there was positive considerable connection between femur bone mass density and muscle mass (p>0.001). Regular physical activity with adequate time and intensity can affect on relation between bone mineral density and anthropometric variables through increasing muscle mass and bone mineral density. Therefore while comparing the research results individuals’ athletic or non-athletic status need to be noticed.

The aim of this study was to present a successful model in order to implement knowledge management in physical education faculties of Islamic Azad Universities from organizational culture perspective. The statistical population consisted of the scientific members of physical education faculties of Islamic Azad Universities. The validity of the applied questionnaire was obtained from 14 experts and the reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha (α=76.6) and then it was distributed among the population. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. One sample t test was used for data analysis and statistical hypothesis testing. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify latent variables. To test the hypotheses, the structural equation model by SPSS and LISREL were used. Findings showed that organizational culture highly influenced the success in implementing knowledge management. So, authorities should consider that the organizational culture is very effective for efficient application of knowledge management and they should change or modify undesirable and ineffective indexes through the management of organizational culture change.

This study aimed at analyzing the relationship of tranformational leadership and organizational justice with organizational citizenship behaviors of experts of Ministry of Sport and Youth. Multifactor leadership questionnaire، organizational justice scale and organizational citizenship scale were used to collect data. 220 out of 280 questionnaires (78. 5%) that were distributed among experts of Ministry of Sport and Youth were considered as the sample of the research. Multiple correlation coefficients، multivariate regression and structural equation modeling method were used to analyze data. The results showed that transformational leadership had 0. 36 effect coefficient on organizational citizenship behaviors. Also، considering 0. 55 effect coefficient of transformational leadership on organizational justice and 0. 44 effect coefficient of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior، the total effect coefficient of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior was 0. 60. The presented model in this study confirmed the direct and indriect effects of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through organizational justice. Thus، using this approach، managers of Ministry of Sport and Youth can increase not only perceptions of organizational justice in their employees، but also organizational citizenship behaviors and ultimately their organizations'' performance.

Aging is associated with appetite decline، weight loss، reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass. Ghrelin and Obestatin are two peptides that effect appetite. According to importance of physical activity in energy balance and some body composition variables the aim of this study is investigate the amount of ghrelin، obestatin and some body composition variables and their relationship in athletes and non-athletes 50 -70 year old men. This is an analytical study. Thirty athletes and thirty non-athletes 50-70 years old men took part in this research. Ghrelin، obestatin and some body composition variables include weight، muscle mass، fat mass، present boy fat and body mass index were measured. The result of this study showed that muscle mass significantly (P<0. 01) and ghrelin insignificantly (P=0. 16) were higher in athlete group. In addition percent body fat was lower in athletes group insignificantly (P=0. 13). There was negative significant relationship between ghrelin and obestatin with muscle mass and positive significant relationship between ghrelin and obestatin with percent body fat in non-athletes group. There was strong relation between ghrelin and obestatin in both groups. Regular participating in basketball training can increase muscle mass in 50- 70 years old men. It seems that exercise training can delay aging effects on body composition by increasing some anabolic hormones such as ghrelin and growth hormone and it can change relationship between ghrelin، obestatin and some body composition variables.