علی منصوری

Diabetes is a chronic disorder of the bodychr('39')s metabolism and is characterized by high blood sugar. One of the most common causes of coronavirus in Iran today is a dramatic increase in death anxiety in these patients. Training based on the BASNEF model on reducing death anxiety in Iran with the coronavirus was conducted.

The present study was an experimental study with a control group. The research samples included 70. Data collection tools in this study included demographic information questionnaire and death anxiety questionnaire. Before the intervention, the mentioned questionnaires were completed by the samples. Then the samples were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Then, one session was held every week for the intervention group of 8 training sessions. There was no intervention in the control group. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software.

The mean score of death anxiety in the control group was 48.0 9 18.9 before the intervention and 21.0 41 41.10 after the intervention. Comparison of these two scores did not show a statistically significant difference (P = 0.11). Also, the mean score of death anxiety in the intervention group, before the intervention, was 74.0 21 21.10 and after the intervention was 39.0 81 81.5. Comparison of these two scores before and after the intervention showed a statistically significant difference in this group (P <0.0001).

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that BASNEF educational model can be effective in reducing death anxiety. Therefore, it is recommended that regular educational programs with this method be developed for diabetic patients and other patients with chronic diseases and integrated into the health system.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease, and one of its consequences is reduced sexual function. Sexual health education is one of the approaches to overcome this condition. In health education, different models have been designed to change harmful behaviors in society. These models include Health Belief Model and Pender Health Promotion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual health education based on two models of Pender and Health Belief on sexual function of females with type II diabetes.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 diabetic patients who were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using demographic characteristics form and Rosen's sexual function questionnaire. Before intervention, sexual function of patients was measured using Rosen questionnaire. Subsequently, the intervention group participated four 90-minute educational sessions on a weekly basis in accordance with the educational model. Following that, the intervention group were asked to complete the Rosen questionnaire again. The obtained data were imported into SPSS software (version 21) and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Comparison of pre-test and post-test showed an increase in the mean total score of sexual function and sub-scales of Pender in the intervention group from 17.93 (2.21) to 20.69 (2.22). It should be mentioned that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in this regard before and after the intervention (P=0.000). Moreover, the mean score of sexual function and its subscales in the Health Belief group increased from 18 (2.97) to 21.65 (2.38), which showed a statistically significant difference before and after the intervention in this group (P=0.000). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard (P˂0.05).

Comparison of sexual function scores after the intervention in both groups indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, except for the scale of psychological stimulation. According to the results of this study, it seems that the utilization of educational models based on Pender Health Promotion Model and Health Belief Model have significant effects on the sexual function of females with type II diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic systemic disorder, in which the metabolisms of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is impaired due to a complete or partial deficiency of insulin hormone. One of the main problems of diabetic patients is sexual dysfunction, which can be improved through effective training. One of the educational methods of distance learning is that it has a positive and significant impact on learners. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of distance education on the sexual function of patients with type II diabetes.

The present experimental study was conducted on the population of all diabetic patients referred to a diabetes clinic in Zabol, Iran. In this study, 60 diabetic patients were selected using simple random sampling method and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The data gathering tool consisted of two parts, namely personal characteristics questionnaire and standard sex function questionnaire of Rosen women. First, the researcher gathered information from the samples through referring to the research environment and distributing the questionnaires. In the next step, a training package was given to each individual in the intervention group. Afterwards, they were given 4 weeks to practice what they had learned in the training sessions. The participants in the control group only received routine care. After a month, the sexual function questionnaire was completed again by the patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22).

The comparison of pre-test and post-test showed that in the intervention group, the mean of general sexual performance increased from 19.19 (21.3) to 92.20 (88.2), which was statistically significant (P=0.002). However, the means of overall sexual performance before and after the intervention were respectively 11.16 (72.2) and 34.18 (55.2) in the control group. Accordingly, there was no significant increase in the sexual functionality in the control group (P=0.26).

Regarding the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction, distance education can be used as an effective method for improving the sexual function of women with type II diabetes.

One of the biggest challenges for diabetic patients is learning how to control blood glucose; therefore, empowering patients in this regard and ultimately improving the quality of life is considered as one of the health indicators in diabetes. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of family-centered empowerment model on glycemic control and drug compliance in patients with type II diabetes. This experimental study was conducted on a total of 70 patients with type II diabetes that referred to diabetes clinic in Zabol, Iran. The subjects were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. At first, eight questionnaires were completed for the history taking and drug compliance, including eight questions (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale -8), and the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) test was performed. Then, for the intervention group, eight training sessions of 60 to 90 min were held according to the model. Finally, the drug compliance questionnaire was completed and the HbA1C samples were measured. In addition, the data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21). According to the results, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of drug adherence in the two groups pre-intervention (P=0.21); however, the difference was statistically significant post-intervention (P<0.001). Furthermore, based on the findings, no statistically significant difference was observed between the mean scores of HbA1C in the two groups pre-intervention (P=0.32); nonetheless, this difference was significant post-intervention (P<0.001). The obtained results of this study indicated the positive effects of the family-centered empowerment model on increasing drug compliance and improving glycemic control in patients. Therefore, this training method can be utilized in patient education programs.

Diabetes mellitus as a group of metabolic disorders is the most common disease in the world, which is on a rapidly growing trend. This disease causes dangerous complications, including cardiovascular problems, nephropathy, hypertension, ocular complications, and psychiatric disorders, each of which can singly affect the individuals’ quality of life. Regarding this, it seems essential to implement some interventions based on educational models and patterns to improve the quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two educational interventions, namely health promotion model and health belief model, on the quality of life among patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
This clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique, and then randomly divided into two groups receiving two different educational interventions, namely Pender’ health promotion model (n=30) and health belief model (n=30). After filling out the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) by the participants, they were subjected to the educational interventions for four weeks. After the intervention, SF-36 was completed again. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22.
Based on the results, the mean quality of life score in the Pender’s health promotion model group was 52.12±10.19 prior to the intervention. However, this score increased to 68.21±9.91 after the intervention. The statistical comparison of the mean quality of life scores before and after the intervention showed a significant difference in this group (P=0.001). Furthermore, regarding the health belief model group, the mean quality of life was 50.01±12.22 before the intervention, which increased to 69.94±12.86 following the intervention. Likewise, there was a significant difference in the mean quality of life in this group before and after the intervention (P=0.001). The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in terms of the mean quality of life before the intervention (P=0.09). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard after the intervention (P=0.11).
According to the findings, the educational models and patterns can be effective in the improvement of the quality of life in diabetic patients. Nonetheless, the two models showed no superiority over each other.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most important causes of disability among the elderly, causing pain, knee stiffness, decreasing the quality of life of the elderly, and increasing their dependence. One of the non-causative nursing interventions eliminates the symptoms of pain and thus promotes comfort and health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of broccoli on the reduction of joints pain in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis in Zabol elderly homes in 1396.
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 elderly people with knee osteoarthritis (two groups of 20 controls and broccoli controls for 4 weeks) at the age of 96 years old in Zabol city. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess the data and then the data were analyzed using paired t-test and Chi-squash test in 18spss software.
The sampling method was simple random sampling, so elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis were placed in one of the control and control groups by referring to the elderly home in Zabol. The data collection tools were: 1-Demographic questionnaire 2-questionnaire. Broccoli was packed in 10gr packs as a powder and placed in the elderly with a daily meal (preferably lunch) for 4 weeks.
The two groups did not differ significantly in pain intensity before intervention. Comparison after intervention showed a significant difference in mean of performance (p Considering the effectiveness of the intervention, the use of broccoli on the severity of knee pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis based on the results of this study, is suggested as a low cost, safe and easy intervention in the elderly with knee osteoarthritis.

The incidence of diabetes as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality is on a growing trend. The key to diabetes treatment is to train self-care behaviors. We aimed to determine the effect of the continuous care model on self-care behaviors of diabetic patients.
This clinical trial was performed on 80 patients with diabetes who were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. A demographic form and the self-care behaviors questionnaire for diabetic patients were used to collect the data. The intervention group was followed up based on the continuous care model from the beginning of July to the end of August. During this time, the control group only received the routine care. After completing the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again, and the obtained data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests.
Mean self-care scores of patients in the control and intervention groups were 36.42 and 39.32, respectively, which did not show any significant differences (P=0.28). After the intervention, the mean self-care scores of the control and intervention groups were 37.95 and 55.22, respectively, indicating significant intergroup differences (P=0.001).
The continuous care model can be used as an effective method to promote self-care behaviors in diabetic patients.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder and is considered as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, hypertension, eye complications, and psychological disorders such as anxiety. Anxiety can negatively affect the patients’ quality of life. One of the non-pharmaceutical methods of relieving the anxiety is using acupressure, which helps to relieve anxiety and its subsequent physiological signs. This study aimed to determine the effect of acupressure on anxiety and quality of life in diabetic patients.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 40 patients referred to diabetes clinic in Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran, using single subject and pre-test-post-test designs. The Spielberger (SF-36) questionnaires of anxiety and quality of life were filled out by the participants and the intervention was done for four weeks. The questionnaires were re-completed after the intervention period. Data analysis performed using SPSS version 22.
The mean scores of anxiety before and after the intervention were reported 111/21±17/72 and 78/91±9/13, respectively. Therefore, significant differences were observed before and after intervention in all aspects (P The results of this study confirmed that acupressure had a positive effect on relieving anxiety and improving the quality of diabetic patients’ life. Therefore, it is recommended to train the healthcare workers such as nurses about the impacts and ways of administrating this procedure.

Diabetes is a common disorder in carbohydrate metabolism and a chronic disease. Blood pressure is seen in 70% of diabetic patients. Garlic is useful for improving the complications of diabetes due to its various compounds. Cumin also plays its role in treating complications of diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of cumin and garlic on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients.
This study was a double-blind, clinical trial on 75 type 2 diabetic patients referred to Imam Khomeini Diabetes Clinic in Zabol. The criteria for entry into this study included Type 2 diabetes, hypertension higher than 140 mmHg for 90 mmHg, at least 6 months of diabetes mellitus, lack of mental health, non-insulin therapy, non-pregnancy and lactation, having a drug program The unit was considered as a type of Medtion and did not use tobacco and alcohol. In case of any of these cases, the sample was excluded from the study. Samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 25 individuals randomly and without dropping during the study. First, blood pressure was measured in patients, then a group of garlic powder, the other group received cumin extract and the placebo control group for two months. Patient's blood pressure was re-measured. SPSS software version 22 was used to analyze the data.
The difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in garlic and cumin groups was statistically significant before and after intervention (P 0.05). But this difference was statistically significant after intervention (P 0.05).
In the present study, the effects of cumin and garlic on the improvement of blood pressure were observed. No special side effects were observed during the course of the project. Based on this, it can be said that supplementing garlic and cumin can be effective in controlling complications of diabetes, including hypertension.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases. The crisis provoked by this disease leads to seeking moral support as a coping mechanism. Spiritual well-being is one of the basic concepts associated with handling the problems and tension caused by the disease. Based on former studies, type II diabetes has a negative impact on quality of life. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 100 patients referring to diabetes clinic of Zabol, Iran, who met the inclusion criteria. Spiritual well-being (SWB) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires were employed for data collection. After completing the questionnaires, the collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS, version 20.
According to the obtained results, the mean score of spiritual well-being was 91.69±10.26, indicating the favorable condition of the patients in this regard. Mean score of quality of life (232.21±43.65) also demonstrated that the participants were in a relatively good state. Furthermore, we found a positive association between quality of life and its subscales and spiritual health and its subscales (P To improve quality of life, developing plans and approaches to promote spiritual well-being of diabetic patients can be beneficial.

Type 2 diabetes is a common disorder of carbohydrate metabolism and a common chronic disease. Garlic is beneficial for patients with diabetes due to its diverse compounds. Also, cumin is one of the medicinal herbs, the role of which has been highlighted in treating diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of cumin and garlic on glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetic patients.
In this clinical trial, 75 diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from Diabetes Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Zabol, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into three groups of garlic powder, cumin extract, and control. Firstly, glycosylated hemoglobin of the patients was measured and then the patients were followed up for two months. Glycosylated hemoglobin of the patients was re-measured after the intervention. To analyze the data, paired t-test and ANOVA were performed in SPSS, version 22.
In the garlic consumption group, the mean of HbA1c showed no significant differences before and after the intervention (P=0.11), while this mean difference was significant in the cumin group (P=0.001). Based on the findings, there was no significant difference in mean HbA1c among the three groups of garlic, cumin and control before the intervention (P=0.04), but after the intervention, this difference was significant (P=0.04).
We observed the effects of cumin on the improvement of HbA1c level. Accordingly, the complementary use of cumin may be useful in managing diabetes and its subsequent complications.

Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease in pregnancy that may cause fetal macrosomia, eclampsia and preeclampsia, preterm labor, abortion, dystocia, and perinatal mortality. Increased level of physical activity has a significant impact on reducing the complications of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on fasting blood sugar level in pregnant women with gestational diabetes.
In this quasi-experimental study, two groups of 30 pregnant women with gestational diabetes who were referred to health centers in Zabol, Iran, 2016, were randomly chosen through stratified sampling. The experimental group received eight 90-minute training sessions and those in the control group received the usual training. The data was collection before and after the intervention and analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests, including t-test, in SPSS.
Before the intervention, the experimental and control groups were not significantly different in terms of mean blood glucose level. In the control group, mean blood glucose level was not significantly different before and after the intervention (P It seems that physical activity is associated with increased uptake of glucose and insulin secretion in women with gestational diabetes. Standard physical exercises, with increased energy expenditure and oxygen consumption after exercise, can improve metabolic health in these people.

One of the psychiatric disorders in people with diabetes is anxiety. Stress and anxiety affect the glycemic control in many diabetic patients. Furthermore, stressful life events are significantly associated with the poor glycemic control. The effectiveness of saffron on anxiety reduction has been demonstrated in animal samples. Regarding this, the present study aimed to determine the effect of oral capsules of saffron on the anxiety level of the diabetic patients in Zabol, Iran, in 2017.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 patients with diabetes mellitus in Zabol. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The participants’ levels of anxiety were measured using the Spielberger’s Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group received 300 mg saffron capsules; on the other hand, the control group were given placebo capsules. The capsules were daily administered between 12 and 14 p.m. (i.e., after having lunch) for one week. The patients’ anxiety levels were reexamined after a week. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22.
Prior to the intervention, the mean anxiety levels were 47.98 and 48.62 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The anxiety scores of the patients did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups (P=0.71). However, at the post-intervention stage, the mean anxiety levels of the intervention and control groups were 30.72 and 49.12, respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference (P=0.001). In addition, the mean anxiety of the patients in the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-intervention stages (P=0.001). Nevertheless, the control group showed no significant difference in this regard between the two stages (P=0.07).
As the findings of the present study indicated, the oral capsules of saffron were effective in reducing the anxiety in the patients with diabetes. Saffron has been demonstrated to have antispasmodic, painkilling, carmintive, and appetite stimulating effects, which is effective in preventing and treating many diseases. Regarding this, this herb can be used in the management of the anxiety in the diabetic and other patients along with other treatments.

Work-family conflicts described as incompatibility between work and family roles. There is mutual relationship between marital satisfaction and job so that the tension in one of two areas of career and family are affected.
To examine the relationship between marital satisfaction and work-family conflict among nurses and midwives.
All of 289 employees of married nursing and midwifery of Zabol University of Medical Sciences hospitals participated in the study in 2014. The data were collected with questionnaires of Enrich marital satisfaction and Carlson work-family conflict and were analyzed with statistical tests including Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and linear regression analysis.
Findings: Marital satisfaction score of the staff was 168.52 which indicates the relative satisfaction of spouses from each other. The mean score of work-family conflict among employees was 3.26; it can be said that employees in terms of work-family conflict, the conflict a moderate experience. There is a significant negative correlation among marital satisfaction and work-family conflict of employees. In fact, marital satisfaction decreases when the conflict between work and family is decreased. Nursing staffs have a higher marital satisfaction and in terms of work-family conflict they experience less conflict.
According to the findings, the managers should create conditions that minimize the role conflicts and consequently increase the level of marital satisfaction.

Two important areas of life are job and family. Marital satisfaction as an indicator of the quality of the relationships between couples¡ can be achieved only when there is compatibility between the current status of the individual in marital relationship with the expected status. Work-family conflict described as incompatibility between work and family roles. This type of conflict is stronger for clinical staff with shift work in hospitals. Therefore¡ this study aimed to investigate the relationship between work - family conflict and marital satisfaction among clinical staff in hospitals.
The samples of this study were all clinical staff in hospitals of Zabol University of Medical Sciences¡ who were selected by census method. To examine samples¡ Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and Carlson work-family conflict questionnaire were used. Once the questionnaires completed¡ they collected and data were analyzed using SPSS 18 with a significant level (P The findings showed that there is a significant negative correlation among marital satisfaction and work-family conflict of employees (P = 0.03¡ r = 0.11). In fact¡ marital satisfaction decreases when the conflict between work and family increased. Also¡ the results showed that the clinical staff with an average of 166/83 marital satisfaction have middle satisfaction and who with an average of 3/31 work-family conflict experience middle conflict.
The results showed that marital satisfaction decreases with the increasing of job and family conflicts. The results can be used by policymakers and managers to take steps to reduce job stress and enhance the life skills of clinical staff

Diabetes is one of the major and real stress in life that is controlled by a Several factors Including the behavioral factors, Mental disorder And reduce stress in patients can Person in self-help and better control of disease, so this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and Self- Efficacy in diabetic patients.
This study is a descriptive correlational study. 100 diabetic patients were selected by Simple random. Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (CIDS) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) were applied to obtain data. To analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, inferential statistical analyses including Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS.
The findings of this study showed a significant correlation between Self-Efficacy and mental health of diabetic patients (P The results indicated that increased mental health improves Self-Efficacy of the diabetic patients which, in turn, aides individuals to encounter their problems.

Mental health, the playing an important role in ensuring consistent and efficient in any society and is one of the areas of the different communities, health evaluation is considered. Since the students in each community of the most important forces affecting developing countries are considered. Therefore, this study done to aimed determine the relationship between social support and mental health. The statistical population consists of 1509 member of the undergraduate students, is studying in the Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2014. In this study, 500 students were selected of the entire population by method Random sampling and by using of General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and and Multidimensional Scale of Perceved Social Support (MSPSS) were measured. For the analyze data addition to descriptive statistics,of the inferential statistical methods including: Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and linear regression analysis by SPSS software. The findings this study showed which significant correlation between social support and mental health of students (P<0.0001, r=0.33). Among the subscales of social support, social support to the family, the social support, life-critical and social support from friends are most relevant to mental health (P<0.0001). also The linear regression model showed that social supporting predicts the 11 percent of the variance in mental health. The findings showed which mental health the student's whit increasing their perception of social support,that find more favorable and by reducing the sources of the supporting, their mental health is endangered.

Two important areas for every life are job and family. Work/family conflict is described as the incompatibility between work and family roles. It seems that this conflict is highlighted in the staff with shift works. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the marital satisfaction and Work/Family conflict among the nurses with fixed and changing shifts.
This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. The study statistical population comprised of 264 nurses. Among them 242 who had the conditions for entering the study were selected through census method. To examine the samples, Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and Carlson work/family conflict questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 by using Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and multivariate regression analysis with a significant level of p The results showed that the average marital satisfaction in the constant shift nurses was 171/27 ± 30/57 and in nurses with changing shifts was 164/06 ± 23/99. In fact, based on the obtained results, significant differences were observed in marital satisfaction between fixed and changing shifts (p=0/017). Marital satisfaction was higher in nurses with fixed working shifts. Also the results showed that the mean of work / family conflict in nurses with constant shifts was 3/26 ± 0/85 and in the nurses with changing shifts was 3/34 ± 0/69. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the two groups in this field (p= 0/38).
According to the results, teaching the necessary skills to the shift workers about management of job and familial and marital satisfaction is essential.

Complications resulting from diabetes have a large impact on patients’ quality of life and their families and impose significant costs on both the patients and social economy. Marital relationship is affected by chronic diseases. Therefore, affliction with diabetes may also affect family relationships. In this study, we aimed to review the family problems of patients with type II diabetes. Scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, SID and Iran Medex were searched in order to identify articles published during 1992-2014, using the following keywords: “diabetes patients” and “family problems”. Finally, 40 articles were examined, among which only 22 articles were considered relevant to the purpose of the present study. According to the results of this study, family support is effective in controlling the disease in diabetic patients. Also, it helps patients accept the consequences of their condition. This can have positive impacts on family conditions of diabetic patients. According to the findings, diabetes is the main cause of reduced family satisfaction in affected couples. In total, family plays an important supporting role in determining the quality of life in these patients.