abbas gholami

In order to achieve the objectives of this study and according to the statistics of existing stations, for research about the phenomenon of climate change in the plains of Haraz watershed of Mazandaran province have been used LARS-WG5 model and three scenarios A1B, A2, B1 and each in three series 2011, 2065-2046 and 2099-2080. By determining the 30-year base year from the statistics of the nearest synoptic station to this study area, the average monthly precipitation and temperature were simulated.According to the results of this study, very irregularly increasing changes in rainfall in October, November and January and decreasing changes in August in the period of 2095-2080 are expected in the area. In the case of temperature changes in the watershed of Haraz plains area in the period 2095-2080 for scenarios A1B, A2 and B1, the trend of increasing the average monthly temperature shows even more than the two previously studied periods, so that the average temperature of July and August in the next period 2099-2080 by scenario A1B with 30/44 and 31/03, respectively, that it will reach 30 higher degrees Celsius and the average temperature in January and December will increase to 11.08 and 12.55 with an increase compared to the base period. The increase in temperature in the summer months, which coincides with the decrease in rainfall, has a significant role in the agriculture of this region, which is one of the important rice production areas of the country, and affects the downstream hydrological cycle of Haraz watershed. On the other hand, winter temperature changes can affect the time of snow melting in the basin, which has a significant effect on the peak flood discharge downstream of the watershed.

According to the base period selected in this research and the average monthly precipitation and temperature, the base period extracted from the statistics of the nearest synoptic station to the study area, the average monthly precipitation and temperature of the future years were simulated by the famous climate model LARS-WG5. Based on the results of this research, it is revealed that from the first of January to the first of March, the average monthly rainfall will increase in the future periods compared to the base period, it will decrease in the month of March and a relative increase in the amount of rainfall will be seen in the rest of the year, that will be more evident in October and November. The decrease of rainfall in the coming months of March due to the beginning of the vegetation period and the water requirement of agricultural plants, Also premature fall of pastures due to drought stress has an effective role in changing hydrological processes and naturally its effect on other environmental components. Regarding the current and future temperature situation, according to the climate change scenarios, the monthly temperature from the HADCM3 model for different months of the year shows the highest temperature changes in the months of March, June, and January, respectively, which indicates the warming of early spring and early summer, as well as It is the beginning of winter in the future periods that these phenomena will have a significant impact on the flowering time of plants, creating water stress in these seasons.

According to the objectives of the present study after reviewing the statistics and information of precipitation in Haraz watershed and due to the lack of long-term statistics in the study area, finally 3 stations of Panjab-Haraz,Karsang-Haraz and Mahmoudabad-Haraz in different parts of the river from mountain to plain in 44-year common statistical period from the water year of 1968-69 to 2011-2012 was selected for this study. After analyzing the changes in annual precipitation of the selected stations, the results of Residual sum of squares (R.S.S) test were extracted by the method of ordinary moments and the maximum likelihood were compared with the method of linear moments. Residual Sum of the Squares (R.S.S in the linear moment method were also calculated by a written computer program for the studied distributions .Based on the results of this study and using the scoring and ranking method, it is determined that in Panjab-Haraz station, the maximum likelihood method has the lowest R.S.S, with the total score of 6 has the best fit with the annual precipitation data and ordinary and linear moments methods with a total score of 15 are equally in the next ranks .At Karsang-Haraz station, the maximum likelihood method has a total score of 10 and the best fit with the annual precipitation data, followed by the ordinary moment method with a total score of 14 and the linear moment method with a total score of 15, respectively. At Mahmoudabad station the maximum likelihood method with obtaining a total score of 3 has been the best method selected at this station, followed by the ordinary moment and linear moment methods with a total score of 6 and 15, respectively.

The aim of present research was predicting of spiritual management based on subjective well-being and ethical behavior.

This study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was Bank Mellat employees of Tehran province in 2020 year with number of 6392 people. The sample size was estimated based on Krejcie and Morgan table 363 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected with using a researcher-made spiritual management questionnaire, Keyes and Magyar-Moe subjective well-being scale and Lussier ethical behavior inventory analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS-19 software.

The findings showed that subjective well-being (r=0.384) and ethical behavior (r=0.562) had a positive and significant correlation with employees' spiritual management. Also, both variables of subjective well-being and ethical behavior together were able to explain 47.7% of the changes of employees' spiritual management, which in this prediction the share of ethical behavior (Beta=0.350) was higher than subjective well-being (Beta=0.243) (P<0.001).

According to the effective role of subjective well-being and ethical behavior in predicting the employees' spiritual management, specialists and planners to promote spiritual management can improve their subjective well-being and ethical behavior through workshops and training courses

Subjective well-being and ethical behavior can play an effective role in improving the management and performance of the organization. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determine the causal effect of spiritual management on subjective well-being and ethical behavior and investigate their status.

This present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The statistical research population was Bank Mellat employees of Tehran province in 2020 year with number of 6392 people. The sample size was estimated based on Krejcie and Morgan table 363 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect the data were used from researcher-made spiritual management questionnaire, Keyes and Magyar-Moe subjective well-being scale and Lussier ethical behavior inventory. The data were analyzed by methods of correlation coefficient, path analysis and one sample t test in SPSS-19 and LISREL-8.8 software.

The findings showed that spiritual management had a positive and significant effect on both variables of subjective well-being (Beta=0.35) and ethical behavior (Beta=0.24) (P<0.001). Other findings showed that the mean scores of the variables of spiritual management, subjective well-being and ethical behavior significantly were higher than average (P<0.001).

Considering the role of subjective well-being and ethical behavior in improving management and organizational effectiveness, to increase them can be promoted the spiritual management in organizations through training workshops and improving organizational conditions.

Islamic Republic of Iran, with a futuristic view, developments in the geometry of power and gaining strategic benefits based on capacities and capabilities in meeting the needs of empowerment, dynamic activism in regional and extra-territorial security arrangements and the like, can develop and strengthen defense-security cooperation with PRC in various fields, especially defense diplomacy. The central aim of this paper is to identify the factors that play a significant role in these collaborations. This is an applied-developmental study in terms of purpose, and its method is a case-field one with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In this study, 23 important and effective factors have been identified and prioritized that play a role in defense-security collaborations between the two countries in both favorable and existing situations. In the current situation, the geopolitical and geostrategic position of the two countries with a coefficient of 81.8%, the position of PRC in the international system with a coefficient of 80.0%, the new US strategy in Asia with a coefficient of 76.4%, the consensus of these two countries on the central role of the UN, and international institutions have the greatest impact on resolving issues with a coefficient of 72.7%, and in the favorable situation, the position of PRC in the international system, the efforts of the two countries to prevent the use of unconventional weapons (nuclear, chemical and microbial) and relations between the PRC and regional and international powers with a coefficient of 98.2%, the two countries' compromise on the pivotal role of the UN and international institutions in resolving issues, the two countries' demand for a new political and economic order with the participation of all countries, geopolitical position and the geostrategic of the two countries have the greatest influence with a coefficient of 96.4%.

Systematic inflammatory syndrome causes death in many conditions. Inflammation and anti-inflammation parameters variation monitoring were done by different clinical and lab methods, however, determining the progression of inflammation is very important for on time interference, gaining best results, and cost controlling. In this condition, adrenal insufficiency’s variation causes water and electrolyte disorders, circulatory failure, and uncontrolled progression of inflammatory response, which is very important. Routine serum total cortisol level monitoring for SIRS is not advised as yet, and corticosteroid was used blindly according to hemodynamic condition and physician diagnosis.

In this pilot study, the ability of first three days monitoring serum total cortisol level in SIRS of burned ICU traumatic patients was studied for outcoming improvement.

A total of 60 patients, 15 - 70 years old, < 80% burn, with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, during first three days of admission in the ICU, that weren’t included in the exclusion criteria (patients with history of clinical adrenal insufficiency or corton usage, or recent drug history of etomidate or ketoconazole), were divided randomly between two groups with 30 patients. The first group considered under the routine clinical treatment and in the second group, besides the routine methods cortisol daily measurement at 8 o’clock, was done during three days to find the cortisol level under 15 ug/dL, and replacement therapy with 50 mg hydrocortisone IV, four times a day.

None of the patients had a cortisol drop during their first three days. Among patients with cortisol more than normal, 20% (6 patients) died.

Despite the fact that total serum cortisol drop during systemic inflammatory response syndrome may happen, it is not prevalent, however, it is wise to consider it as an effective parameter on monitoring of treatment measures.

Introduction
Climate change is recognized as a major environmental problem by a majority of the international scientific community. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2007), “global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750 and now it exceeded pre-industrial values”. This report further suggests that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely resulted from rising anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations and that, if not controlled, climate effects such as rising sea level, disruption to weather patterns, and ocean acidification pose serious harms to human health, water supplies, agricultural systems, economic performance, and global security. Such projections have triggered calls for prompt and coordinated action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to changes in the climate system. Paying attention to climate change event affecting all sections of hydrologic cycle, the goal of this research is to study these phenomena on actual evapotranspiration and soil humidity that play important role in this cycle, with available water for plant, decrease or increase in annual runoff. This can affect all sections of the environmental factors.
Materials and methods
Watershed models are essential for studying hydrologic processes and their responses to both natural and anthropogenic factors, but due to model limitations in representation of complex natural processes and conditions, these models usually must be calibrated prior to application to closely matching with SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). This is a comprehensive and semi-distributed river basin model that requires a large number of input parameters, which complicates model parameterization and calibration. Several calibration techniques have been developed for SWAT, including manual calibration procedures and automated procedures using the shuffled complex evolution method and other common methods. In SWAT, a basin is delineated into sub-basins, which are then further subdivided into Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs). HRUs consist of homogeneous land use and soil type (also, management characteristics) and based on two options in SWAT, they may either represent different parts of the sub-basin area or a dominant land use or soil type (also, management characteristics). With this semi-distributed (sub-basins) set-up, SWAT is attractive for its computational efficiency as it offers some compromise between the constraints imposed by other model types such as lumped, conceptual or fully distributed, and physically based models. For this goals in the boundary of Talar watersheds of Mazandaran province, we selected 8 stations for precipitation, 5 for temperature and discharge, with Shirgah-Talar station in output. After preparing maps and necessary weather data, we conducted output of SWAT model for this watershed. In this research, we used water year of 2003-2004 until 2006-2007 by a duration of 4 years for calibration and water year of 2008-2009 by duration of 2 years for validation. For calibration and validation of this model, we also used SWAT-CUP package software and SUFI2 program. The entire Talar watershed is divided into 219 Hydrologic Response Unite in 23 sub-watersheds. For assessment of SWAT model from climate change on actual evapotranspiration and available soil water, the SWAT model, further run for this area with new condition. In this stage with definition of HRU for the model, only variated precipitation and temperature are entered into the model to study the influence of these effects on assessment factors in output of the model. To do so, we used variable precipitation and temperature, forecasted by LARS-WG model as one of the important model output for random data of weather condition. After change of daily temperature and precipitation for these stations, variation values enter into SWAT model for second run. It can be concluded that the mean daily evapotranspiration (to year) in the time of calibration and validation, is increased for all duration and higher evaporation in majority of future month. This can be compared with present time that is high index evaporation in May, June, July and August. Study about available water shows unregularly process in decrease or increase of this factor and at least available water in May, June, July and August in the future time that affected hydrologic regularity of the watershed. This can provide water for plant in any month where water is necessary as another environmental factor of area.

In order to achieve the objectives of this study, among 80 River Watershed of North Shore (covered Mazandaran Province), 17 stations were selected in three western, central and eastern sections. Based on period of records, the 44 water years from 1966-19767 to 2010-2011 were selected as a common period. To evaluate the existence of trends, the most common nonparametric time series called Mann-Kendall test was used. And if there is a trend to assess for ascending or descending time series, Sen test was used. According to the results of the three stations in the western part of the province, there is not a clear trend in the annual series. But for winter and autumn seasonal series, some stations showed positive trends and the rest of stations with no trend, which is an indication of the impact of climate change, particularly in cold seasons. Based on six stations in central part of province, stations in region of plain Mazandaran; Mahmoodabad, Haraz and Miandasht and Babol show ascending winter trend. Namaerstaq- Namarestagh mountainous stations show summer ascending trend and also Babolrood-Qarantalar stations show ascending autumn and winter trend. The only station in the eastern parts, the Arab Khayl- Talar of annual rainfall and summer trend is upward and the rest of the stations show no clear trend.

PASylation is a new and effective way to increase the half-life of pharmaceutical proteins. This method is an alternative of PEGylaion and uses the natural polymers of Proline, Alanine, and Serine (PAS) amino acids in its structure. In this paper, we have studied the pharmacokinetic properties of PASylated Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation for three different PAS strings length 210, 420 and 630. We studied several important mechanical quantities involving in enhancing half-life time of the conjugated protein like root-mean-square distance (RMSD), hydrodynamic volume, protein total energy and its hydrophilicity and we found out volume expansion, increase in hydrophilicity amount and coil structure in PASylation are main mechanical properties influencing half-life time. We also found out that RMSD will be modified by PASylation while energy level shows erratic behavior examining the mentioned residues properties, we have also offered a modified sequence for PAS string according to the importance of different parameters in PAS string’s function.

This study seeks to identify sustainable competitive advantages of Gorgan VET private institutes. These advantages were identified based on the dimensions of quality, efficiency, customer responsiveness and innovation. The target community, directors and founders of VET private institutes in Gorgan, were 453 people who work in 206 institutes.Random sampling was done by observing the sample by Morgan table 210, respectively. The data gathering tool included information from previous documents and records, and a researcher-made questionnaire to collect experts' comments to identify competitive advantages, as well as another researcher-made questionnaire for obtaining the views of sample individuals to determine the importance and priority of the competitive advantages identified by VET private institutes. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 968/0. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by a group of experts and experts in various disciplines and counselors.  Considering the fact that the information was collected from sample people in the form of confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed during the tests by the software.
 
The study revealed that among the factors identified in the elements and aspects of quality, efficiency, responsiveness to customers and innovation there are significant correlations, so the index can be as competitive advantages institutions, VET private institutes to be recognized.

In this study, to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness parameters about rainfall-runoff relations , SWAT models have been used inTalar watershed of Mazandaran province .By using of this model ,has done ,calibration based on 8 rainfall station with daily precipitation, 5 evaporation station with daily temperature along output discharge in shirgah-Talar hydrometric station.Performing the calibration and validation of this model , was simulated initially based on 21 parameters with high sensitivity . In validation phase of 21 selected parameters, study about p-value and t-state indices shows sensitivity and behavior of parameters .At this stage, CN2-MGT parameter with the least amount of p-Value index and the highest index value t-State is recognized as the most sensitive parameters .The first phase of model calibration results showed that weaknesses in the simulation model that is well coefficients p-factor, r-factor, R2 and NS respectively 0.04, 3/91 , 0/01, -44/15.Due to these issues by analyzing the results of the first phase of this study, we calibrated 8 sensitive parameters through the first 21 parameters until created better correlation between simulated and observed discharges. In validation stage of 8 sensitive parameters in 95% confidence interval, created high correlation between simulated and observed discharges and shows in the result of scatter plots of this phase . Comparison of p-factor,r-factor,R2,N.S with 0.93, 0.93 ,0.79 ,0.98 respectively shows the better model simulation that cause efficiency of model for simulation in this stage.

The aim of this research is forecasting and comparison of future climate change by using of GCM model(General circulation model) under different climate scenario in Talar watershed of Mazandaran province. Pay attention to data in existence stations, for study of climate change phenomena in Talar watershed used LARS-WG5 model and 3 climate scenario A1B, A2, B1 and each in three emission sere,2011-2026, 2046-2061 and 2080-2095 by determination of base year 1992-2007(15 year duration) and applied weather data of Gharakhayl regional synoptic stations in Quaemshahr. Pay attention to this model is one of the best methods of statistical downscaling that is done the data produced in three phases of calibration , evaluation and development of meteorological data therefore have been criteria for research in study area. On the basis of this research, May and October month asset maximum precipitation changes, July and august asset intensive reduction changes specially in 2080-2095 future duration of study watershed area that results of this variation ,necessary for more attention in seasonal flood event in rainy month and also drought event ,water shortage in dry month in watershed study area. Also viewpoint of temperature June ,July, august and September by increasing temperature in the future duration and January ,February asset the minimum mean of future temperature simulation.

Due to the extent of Iran and the variety of climates in different area with variation of precipitation cause urgency obtaining to new methods for flood calculations. For this purpose necessary, efficient of new method assessment in compare of current method in different area of Iran until if suitable fitness for different region, used to calculation of flood. Two current methods for calculating of statistical parameter about flood have been ordinary moments and maximum likelihood that these methods calculate in Hyfa (Hydrological frequency analysis) and using of these results in our country. Another new method for computation of these statistical parameters in the recent years, that using in the world have been linear moments that applied by Hydrological experts for assessment in different area of the world and have been suitable recommendation for applying of this new method. The aim of this research was assessment of efficiency of this method in the selection area of sheikh Osman watershed from Oshnavieh in west Azerbaijan province as has been assessment, efficiency of this method in this region and if suitable developed for another region of Iran. The result of this study distinguished for five selection station in this region and pay attention to comparison between three methods of ordinary moment ,maximum likelihood and linear moment method, the best selection method and distribution have been the Gamble distribution with linear moment and extinct efficiency of this method for calculation of annual maximum peak floods that distinguish more accuracy compare with current method.

Gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor with and unpredictable prognosis usually find in young adults. We present an 18-year-old man with gastric IMT. He complained of epigastric pain, intermittent fever and night sweating associated with weight loss since two years ago. Physical examination showed anemic and cachestic features with mild abdominal tenderness in palpitation as well as an abdominal mass in epigastrium. Abdominal CT scan revealed a huge mass that was arising from the stomach. Upper endoscopy revealed a submucosal lesion in fundus of stomach of approximately 8cm. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a large sub-mucosal non homogenous fundal mass with areas of calcification. The patient underwent laparoscopic partial gastrectomy. Histopathologyand immunohistochemistryevaluation revealed an IMT.

Steel pipelines for the transmission of gas and oil may extend thousands of kilometers and they represent one of the most sophisticated engineering achievements of the modern era. Some of the steel tubes are manufactured from plates which are formed into an appropriate shape and then seam welded. An efficient and high productivity process for achieving this involves high-frequency induction welding in which the abutting surfaces are forged together following localized heating. This disrupts the structure of the steel, so the joining operation is followed immediately by one or more induction heat-treatments, with the aim of regenerating the properties degraded by the welding operation. It is found, unfortunately, that the toughness at the location of the weld junction does not improve as a result of the heat treatment. An investigation of this phenomenon is the essential aim of this paper.