abolfazl mohammadi

Local communities find their own special form over time and in the area of ​​localities, which is an important example of this special form, which is social capital. Social relationship is the element that connects individual actors to each other, and this element can take on different qualities under the influence of the size of the city. One of the concepts resulting from these relationships is the concept of social capital, which is born from the relationships of actors in repeated games. The current research is carried out in a descriptive and analytical method and uses statistical tests to measure the relationship of the social capital variable to the empowerment of inefficient urban contexts. According to the results of the 2013 census, there are 35,820 people in Islamabad neighborhood. Therefore, 11.2% of the population of Zanjan live in the informal settlement of Islamabad. The type of research is descriptive-analytical in which we have measured the impact of variable indicators of social capital on the empowerment of this neighborhood using a simple random sampling method. The results of the regression test indicate that the empowerment of social and neighborhood networks is affected by changes in social capital

This study investigates the influence of cereal dextrin on two kinetic parameters of methane hydrate formation. Methane hydrate, solid structure formed by gas and water molecules, are gaining attention for its energy potential and climate regulation. Overcoming challenges like high-pressure requirements, slow formation rates, and economic viability is crucial. The study introduces cereal dextrin as a biodegradable kinetic promoter. In order to explore the influence of cereal dextrin on the formation of gas hydrate, a series of experiments were conducted using a stirred batch cell with a total volume of 169 cm3. The temperature of the cell was carefully controlled at 275.15 K, while the initial pressure was set at 7.5 MPa. Results show dextrin positively influences water to hydrate conversion (WHC) and hydrate volume fraction (HVF). After 100 minutes of hydrate growth, 1% dextrin increases WHC by 150.5% and HVF by 127.8%. The findings suggest dextrin, at 1 wt%, is an optimal concentration for enhancing the kinetics of methane hydrate formation, offering potential applications in energy and environmental fields.

Natural gas holds significant importance as a prospective energy source for meeting growing energy demands in the future. Gas hydrates offer a solution for the transportation and storage of natural gas. Within the sphere of gas hydrate formation, both the kinetics and thermodynamics play crucial roles and directly impact the economic feasibility of the process. In our current study, we focus on examining one specific kinetic parameter related to hydrate formation: the methane hydrate volume fraction (HVF) produced within a stirred batch reactor operating at a speed of 10 rpm. Our experiments were done out in a double-walled reactor with a capacity of 169 cm3, maintaining a temperature of 275.15 K and a pressure of 7.5 MPa, utilizing a constant volume-constant temperature methodology. The experimental findings indicated that the utilization of SDS, noticeably, increases the amount of water to hydrate conversion, and the amount of combined volume of unreacted water and formed hydrate during hydrate growth. The addition of 350 ppm and 700 ppm SDS resulted in an increase in HVF by 491.2% and 495.7%, respectively, after 1 hour of hydrate growth.

Cloninger first proposed the personality theory, considering both normal and abnormal personality traits. Later, different complementary versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) found their way into the academic milieu to enhance their psychometric properties and efficiency in both experimental and clinical settings.

The main objective of the current research was to investigate the principal psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140).

This research is a cross-sectional study. The data included information on psychiatric outpatients visiting Roozbeh psychiatric hospital in 9 months in 2021. Purposive sampling was performed on volunteers. A total of 471 outpatients filled out the TCI-140, 150 of whom also filled out the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) by Promax rotation.

The internal consistency of all dimensions (Cronbach’s alpha: Above 0.70, except for reward dependence) was proved to be satisfactory, but that of some subscales (NS1, NS4, RD4, CO3, and CO5) was quite poor. Test-retest reliability confirmed that for all dimensions, ICC > 0.70, indicating a high reliability. The findings of the PCA revealed that all dimensions were loaded in accordance with the theoretical expectations. At the facet level, all the facets were loaded on their factors except for sentimentality and dependence. According to the correlation findings, the concurrent validity of TCI-140 was acceptable for PID-5. The results showed that HA had relatively high positive correlations with detachment (r = 0.55) and negative affect (r = 0.48).

The results confirmed the satisfactory reliability and validity of the Persian version of TCI-140 despite its drawbacks. Hence, it can be employed to examine personality traits.

Gas treatment procedures play a crucial role in eliminating acidic gases from natural gas and other hydrocarbon streams. Within the confines of this investigation, we propose an innovative methodology that employs the eCPA equation of state to prognosticate the solubility of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in aqueous solutions containing N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), monoethanolamine (MEA), and diethanolamine (DEA). The electrolyte Cubic Plus Association (eCPA) equation of state takes into account six vital parameters, encompassing the molecular size, configuration, and polarity of the constituents, to accurately anticipate the equilibrium treatment of H2S absorption in various conditions.The results acquired from the experimental assessment of H2S solubility were juxtaposed with those derived from modeling, revealing a commendable concordance amidst the respective data. In order to gauge the accuracy of the projected model, we employed the absolute average relative deviation (AARD%) as a statistical error-index. The experimental data procured in this study exhibited an acceptable validation in accordance with the outcomes of modeling endeavors.The performance evaluation reveals that, within the temperature range of 25-140 °C, acid gas loadings of 0-1.6 (mol gas/mol solution), and aqueous alkanolamine amounts of 15-49 wt. %, the absolute average relative deviation (AARD%) remains consistently below 4.5%. This emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of our model in accurately predicting H2S solubility under diverse operating conditions.

Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases that plays a major role in global warming. Gas hydrates are one of the newest technologies available to remove this gas before entering the atmosphere. In this research, the effect of the stirrer speed on the most important kinetic parameters of carbon dioxide hydrate formation, i.e. amount of gas uptake, hydrate growth rate, storage capacity, and water to hydrate conversion percentage in a constant-volume constant-temperature reactor was investigated. The experiments were carried out in the presence of double distilled water at a temperature of 278.15 K and two pressures of 2.9 MPa. Vertical and horizontal stagnant conditions and rocking cell stirrer with speeds of 2, 4 and 10 rpm were used to investigate the effect of stirrer speed on the kinetics of carbon dioxide hydrate formation. The results of the experiments showed that the use of a stirrer promotes the kinetics of carbon dioxide hydrate formation. The use of a stirrer at a speed of 10 rpm increased the amount of gas uptake compared to the vertical and horizontal conditions, respectively, by 84.4 and 78.5 percent. The storage capacity of carbon dioxide hydrate formation increased by 72.6% and 67.7%, respectively, when using a stirrer at a speed of 10 rpm compared to the vertical and horizontal conditions.

Gas hydrates could provide a clean and sustainable option to meet global energy demands. Accelerating gas hydrate formation is crucial to exploiting its positive applications, as these ice-like structures can serve as a vast and clean source of energy. In this research, we delve into the influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the growth rate of double tetra n-butylammonium chloride (TBAC) + methane semiclathrate hydrate. To investigate this, we conducted experiments utilizing a stirred batch cell with a total volume of 169 cm3. The cell's temperature was maintained at 278.15 K, while the initial pressures were set at 6 and 8 MPa. Comparing the results with pure water, SDS showed a significant positive effect on the growth rate of methane hydrate formation. However, when 400 ppm of SDS was introduced, it had a detrimental impact on the average growth rate of the double (TBAC + methane) semiclathrate hydrate within just 50 minutes of the process.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition, characterized by an individual’s excessive and persistent worry about various social situations. It is a common problem which can induce numerous physical and mental alterations in the person affected.

The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an integrated transdiagnostic treatment approach in alleviating symptoms of worry, anxiety, and depression and improving emotional regulation in patients diagnosed with GAD.

In this semi-experimental study, a pretest-posttest, control group design with a follow-up was employed. The research population consisted of all clients aged 18-51 years with GAD in Sanandaj, Iran, during 2018. The research sample comprised 20 patients diagnosed with GAD based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These diagnoses were confirmed through structured interviews conducted by a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist. The samples were selected via convenience sampling and randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. The research utilized several assessment tools, including the Beck Depression Inventory (1961), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988), the Pennsylvania Anxiety Inventory (1990), and the Emotional Regulation Inventory (2008). The collected data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance test in SPSS Version 24 software.

According to the results, the integrated transdiagnostic treatment had an impact on reducing anxiety and depression. However, it was not effective in alleviating anxiety and improving emotional regulation in patients with GAD (P≤0.001).

The integrated transdiagnostic treatment method utilized in this study proved to be effective in alleviating worry and depression in patients diagnosed with GAD. Consequently, it is recommended for use in the therapeutic management of worry and depression symptoms in individuals suffering from GAD.

The kinetics of methane hydrate formation in the presence of tetra n-butylammonium chloride (TBAC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is investigated in this research. The hydrate formation reactions are carried out in the isothermal condition of 278.15 K in a 169 cm3 stirred batch reactor. The amount of gas uptake and the storage capacity of methane hydrate formation are calculated. Results indicate that utilization of TBAC with a concentration of (3 and 5) wt% and SDS with a concentration of 400 ppm increases the amount of gas consumption and the storage capacity of methane hydrate formation. Utilization of TBAC along with SDS decreases the amount of gas consumption and storage capacity, compared to aqueous the solution of SDS. Investigation of the impact of pressure on the gas hydrate formation indicates that by increasing the initial pressure of the cell from 6 MPa to 8 MPa, the amount of gas consumption and the storage capacity of methane hydrate formation increases, considerably.

Iran's Islamic Revolution has a unique mission in the developments of the present era, including the introduction of new models of organization and management. Based on the surveys, so far no study has been introduced that deals with the comprehensive understanding of the background features of the institutions of the Islamic Revolution and their model-oriented presentation. The current research has been conducted in order to identify the background features of the institutions of the Islamic Revolution in one of the organizations of the armed forces based on thematic literature and to introduce the model of systemic communication between them. For this purpose, by analyzing the content of 49 studies in 1423 final codes, The background features of the institutions of the Islamic Revolution were identified in 3 categories of values, mechanisms and functions, with 36 themes and 560 indicators and sub-indices, and were classified in the form of a systemic model and validated by the Delphi method. Based on the findings, the values derived from pure Islam and crystallized in the Islamic Revolution are the core of the institutions of the Islamic Revolution. Value-oriented organization in an organized, indigenous and efficient format is the mechanism of revolutionary institutions. Being multi-purpose and playing social, cultural, political, economic, defense and security roles according to the conditions constitute the functions of a revolutionary institution. Also, the dynamic analysis of the problem emphasizes the importance of adopting dynamic and intelligent positive and negative mechanisms in the institutions of the Islamic Revolution.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of macrolides to eliminate intramammary infection (IMI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptoccus spp. 3 weeks before calving time. Eighty Holstein dairy cows with subclinical mastitis pathogens were divided into three groups. Three weeks before expected parturition time, cows in group 1 received tilmicosin (n = 29), cows in group 2 received tylosin (n = 30) and cows in group 3 were left as negative control (n = 21). Milk samples were obtained on 3 and 7 days after calving. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was determined for all of the S. aureus isolates that had the same isolates before and after parturition. The total cure rate was 63.33, 75.86 and 66.66% for tylosin, tilmicosin and control groups, respectively. Furthermore, cure rates were not significant, when each type of mastitis causing pathogens were considered separately. The incidence of clinical mastitis during 60 days after calving for tylosin, tilmicosin and Control groups was 23.33, 27.58 and 38.09%, respectively. Only four S. aureus isolated before drying-off were similar to post-calving isolate, according to RAPD-PCR method. In conclusion, antibiotic therapy before calving improved the cure rate numerically, however, it was not significant.

In this study, the effect of various concentrations of alkyl polyglycoside (APG), aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3), and tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) on the storage capacity of CO2 hydrate formation are investigated. For this aim, a laboratory system is developed. The experiments are carried out in the pressure range of 25 to 35 bar and the temperature range of 275.15 K to 279.15 K. The Experimental results showed that by increasing the system pressure at a constant temperature, the storage capacity increased by 48% on average. Decreasing the system temperature at constant pressure increased the storage capacity by 23% on average. Adding APG to the system at constant temperature and pressure increases the storage capacity by 75% on average, while adding nanoparticles of aluminum oxide increases the storage capacity by 5% and TBAC 38% on average. For statistical analysis of laboratory data, Design-Expert software and Response Surface test design method, and Quadratic model are employed and a mathematical relationship is developed with R2 = 0.9987 to estimate CO2 storage capacity in hydrates. The optimum amount of storage capacity equal to 137.476 has been reached at 34.558 bar, 276.085 K, 2.825 wt% of TBAC, 956.733 ppm APG, 2.436 wt % Al2O3.

Due to high storage capacity, high dissociation enthalpy, and the appropriate melting point of gas hydrates, these compounds have a potential for many industrial applications. Tetra n-butylammonium halides are typical guest molecule involved in the formation of semiclathrate hydrates. In this manuscript, the dissociation enthalpy of methane/carbon dioxide/nitrogen + Tetra n-butylammonium Chloride semiclathrate hydrates is evaluated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The equilibrium data are measured in a 460 cm3 stirred batch reactor using an isochoric pressure-search method. The dissociation enthalpy data were evaluated in the temperature range of (275.15 to 304.75) K and the pressure range of (0.36 to 10.57) MPa at (0 - 0.36) mass fraction of Tetra n-butylammonium Chloride. The results showed that the utilization of Tetra n-butylammonium Chloride increases the amount of dissociation enthalpy of semiclathrate hydrates per mole of the hydrated gas. By increasing the mass fraction of Tetra n-butylammonium Chloride, the amount of dissociation enthalpy per mole of hydrated gas increased.

Pathological narcissism is a sophisticated psychological construct that has two dimensions i.e. grandiosity and vulnerability. Substance use disorders have been related to grandiosity in the literature, but their relationship with vulnerability have not been well known

The aim of this study was to compare pathological narcissism and its dimensions in people with substance use disorders with non-clinical individuals.

The research design was analytic-cross sectional study with ex-post facto (comparative) procedure. The statistical population included all people with substance use disorders who had referred to the addiction clinic of Roozbeh Hospital in Tehran from June to January 2019. The sample consisted of 93 people with substance use disorders and 92 people from non-clinical population who were included in the study by convenience sampling method. Both groups completed the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, the Pathological Narcissism Inventory & the General Health Questionnaire (for screening in non-clinical population). Data were analyzed using two-way and one-way analysis of variances and Spearmen correlation coefficient in SPSS-24.

People with substance use disorders had significantly higher scores in pathological narcissism and its dimensions compared to the non-clinical group (P<0.001). Spearman correlation coefficient between the variables of addiction severity and pathological narcissism (p<0.001), grandiose narcissism (p<0.001) and vulnerable narcissism (p<0.001) were significant and positive.

The present study highlighted the importance of evaluation and treatment planning for pathological narcissism especially vulnerability domain in substance use disorders.

One of the important characteristics of the flame of liquid and solid fossil fuels, is the flame luminosity and the high radiation heat transfer rate compared to the natural gas flame. The use of gas burners instead of gasoil burners has led to lower thermal efficiency and it poses many problems to industrial manufacturers. In this study, the effect of ion and oil combinations injection with a nebulizer on luminosity, radiative heat transfer and pollutant emission of natural gas diffusion flame is investigated. The experimental results show that the injection of 1% oil combinations, enhance thermal efficiency 2.5% and reduce The temperature of the exhaust gases, production of by 12% and 13% respectively also the injection of 2% oil combinations with 1% water drops, reduce the temperature of the exhaust gases, production of and Carbon monoxide by 6%, 42% and 26% respectively. The experimental results show injection method by the nebulizer can be used as a method in gas burners to increase radiation heat transfer rate and reduce the pollutants of exhaust gases from the chimney

This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on anxiety-depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in child laborers.

This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on child laborers.The obtained data were collected from 15 participants in the experimental and 15inthe control group. The members of control group didn’t receive any intervention. The participants in experimental group received the cognitive-behavioral group therapy based on"coping cat" program. The treatment consisted of 18 weeks of 90-min sessions meeting once a week. Participants of two groups completed the Revised Child Anxiety andDepression Scale (R-CADS) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-child version (CERQ-K) before andafter intervention and threemonths later.

Repeated measurement ofANOVA indicated that the CBT significantly decreased depressive-anxiety symptoms and negative emotion regulation strategies as well as increased positive emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, results yielded moderate to large effect sizes for improvement of dependent variables.

This study showed significant differences in anxiety-depressive symptoms and emotion regulation between two groups. Therefore,CBT seems to be an effective intervention in child laborers. However when applying this intervention, the special cultural, social, educational and economic conditions of these children must be considered.

The present study aimed to examine the effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) group therapy on anxiety, depression, stress, and the Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) in infertile women receiving In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).

This was a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test and 3-month follow-up design. The study sample included 30 women with infertility who referred to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran City, Iran in 2018. We enrolled 30 individuals in the present study. The study samples were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (n=15/group). All study participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) before and after providing the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS.

The current research results revealed a significant difference between the MBSR and control groups in IU, stress, depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, there were significant differences in all dependent variables between pre-test and post-test scores except for IU in the experimental group.

The provided MBSR group therapy could reduce the rate of depression, anxiety, and stress in infertile women receiving IVF; however, it presented no significant effect on IU. In other words, IU may be a complex phenomenon, i.e. amenable to treatment and further studies are required to examine its reasons.

Given that most of the gaseous constituents of industrial chimneys are usually carbon dioxide which is one of the most important greenhouse gases. It seems that the hydration process is one of the newest methods for the separation of this gas from gaseous mixtures. In the gas hydrate formation industry, in addition to disadvantages, there are some advantages such as gas separation, transmission, and storage. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate promoter for the formation of gaseous hydrates as well as to find the inhibitor. In this study, the effect of tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) (which is a thermodynamics promoter) and alkyl poly glucoside (APG) as a nonionic surfactant on the surface tension of carbon dioxide hydrate formation process have been studied. The experiments were carried out in a 218 cm3 batch reactor. The surface tension of CO2 hydrate has been determined at different concentrations and different temperatures and pressures. The nucleation classical theory has been used for this purpose. Designing the experiments performed by Design-Expert software. The results show that increasing the APG and temperature leads to decreasing the surface tension and in contrast, induction time decreases, and the experimental model of the effect of these parameters on surface tension presented as R2 = 0.9898.

Clathrate hydrate is a new technology to store the cold energy in air conditioning systems. These compounds offer a high cold storage density. The phase change temperature of clathrate hydrates is more than water. On the other hand, these compounds offer better heat transfer properties and improved cyclic stability, compared to eutectic salts. These appropriate properties of clathrate hydrates made these compounds as promising potential for cold storage air conditioning systems. In this study, we investigated the refrigerant hydrate formation as a potential to store the cold energy. The equilibrium data reported by researchers are collected and the effect of various additives on their phase equilibria are investigated. A comparison between the dissociation pressure of hydrate formed in presence of some refrigerant are undertaken. Finally, the various methods of hydrate-based refrigeration systems reported in literature are collected along with their advantages and drawbacks.

Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition that can cause psychological disorders, including depression. Therefore, identifying the psychological components associated with depression in these patients is necessary in order to select appropriate therapeutic approaches. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the difficulties in emotion regulation and experimental avoidance with depression in patients with vitiligo.

In this cross-sectional study, 105 patients with vitiligo, whose names were recorded before the research in the database of the Dermatology Research Center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, were selected by available sampling method. The relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and experimental avoidance with depression in patients with vitiligo was evaluated using second version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), and Second Edition of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). All questionnaires were completed a time by the participants.

The average of depression score of the participants in the study was 18.69 ± 13.09. The results Also showed that there is a significant relationship (P < 0.01) between the depression scores with the scores of experimental avoidance, non-acceptance of emotional responses, Difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior, Impulse control difficulties, Limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, Lack of emotion clarity. Also, after removing the confounding effect of independent variables on each other, the relationship between depression score and Limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies score was significant (P < 0.001).

Difficulties in emotion regulation as a trans-diagnostic factor associated with emotional disorders, play an important role in the depression of patients with vitiligo. According to the results of this study, it seems that those psychological interventions that improve the emotion regulation skills of individuals can be effective in reducing the depression of these patients.

Natural gas and crude oil in natural underground reservoirs are in contact with water. Stability of these compounds at the presence of both components and complete dependence on the host molecules by forming holes in their guest molecules are replaced. There are many gases such as methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphides that can play the role of guest molecules. The natural gas hydrate formation in different sectors of the oil and gas industry in downstream processes causes the production to stop or decrease. Therefore, the need to know the causes and conditions of hydrate formation is strongly felt. In this study, Van der Waals and Platteeuw model was used to predict hydrate formation conditions. The prediction of hydrate formation conditions needs equilibrium fugacity of gaseous components, and for the equilibrium molar component of water.

Investment in improving the quality of education can pave the way for sustained development. There are several studies, which have shown that personality features are important factors in predicting academic performance such as intelligence and cognitive ability. Mental disorders are one of the most severe complications of personality disorders, which influence academic performance, as well as students’ quality of life. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders can help prevent students’ academic failure.

This study can provide a better understanding of the prevalence of personality features and disorders among students. This may be of great value for providing mental health care for the students who demonstrate certain traits. Furthermore, this may be helpful for education policymakers to provide guidelines and update their student health monitoring process for the universities.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine. We have used convenience sampling. A total of 107 questionnaires were administered to the students, and overall 96 valid questionnaires were collected from the participants. The association between personality features and academic performance in medical students was evaluated through Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), which assesses personality features and psychopathology. Thus, the 370-item MMPI-2, as well as the academic performance questionnaire (including national university entrance exam rank, grade point average (GPA) of the first five terms, National Basic Science Exam Grade), was given to the students.

The results were statistically analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and Independent sample t-test. Among the Clinical scales, the highest scores belonged to the following scales: Hypomania (%24), depression (%23), hysteria (%20.8), masculinityfemininity (%17.8), hypochondriasis (%17.7), and social introversion (%13.5), respectively. Concerning the relationship between each of these scale scores and academic performance, the scores of clinical scales of hypomania, hysteria, masculinity-femininity, hypochondriasis, and paranoia, had a significant relationship (all of the P values were < 0.05) with academic performance. Moreover, the scores of validity scales of Infrequency and Lie had significant negative correlations (P values < 0.05) with academic performance.

The scores of Hypomania, Hysteria, Masculinity-Femininity, Hypochondriasis, and Paranoia scales correlated with students’ academic performance.

To investigation the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) seed priming to enhance seed germination quantity and quality of corn hybrids under drought stress, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design at Seed Technology Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Drought stress induced by -0.5 and -1 Mpa polyethylene glycol solution on Fajr and Dehghan maize hybrids and the seeds primed by 25 and 50 mg/L CNTs. Nano-priming under drought stress was effective on germination percentage and rate, weight and length, chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of maize seedlings. Application of 25 mg/L CTNs at -1 Mpa drought stress effectively enhanced germination percentage of maize seed. Also, application of 50 mg/L CTNs improved photosynthetic pigmentation at -1 Mpa drought stress. Generally, CTNs priming improved seed germination traits and photosynthetic pigmentation of maize seedlings under drought stress conditions. Therefore, priming by 25 mg/L CTNs is recommended to improve maize seeds germination indices in arid and semi-arid regions.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of administrating prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and GnRH at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and the pregnancy survival rate of dairy cows. A number of 830 lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups. Cows in group 1 (n=200) treated with 150 µg d-cloprostenol. In group 2 (n=212), cows received 10 µg buserelin acetate, and group 3 (n=205) was treated with both 150 µg d-cloprostenol and 10 µg buserelin acetate. In addition, 213 cows were assigned as control group which received normal saline as placebo (group 4). To measure progesterone, milk samples were collected at the insemination day and five days later. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 28 and 60 days after the insemination, and the size and number of corpus luteum (CL) and twin pregnancies were recorded. Hormone therapies had no effect on the P/AI, pregnancy survival rate, and the size and number of CL. The P/AI ratio in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 38.50%, 42.92%, 41.46% and 40.84%, and the pregnancy survival rates in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 84.42%, 86.81%, 88.23% and 83.91%, respectively. The probability of a twin pregnancy was significantly higher in group 1 (15.58%) than other groups. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of the offspring gender. In conclusion, the administration of d-cloprostenol or buserelin acetate at the time of AI had no effect on P/AI and pregnancy survival rate in dairy cattle under no heat stress condition, while the administration of d-cloprostenol increased the probability of twin pregnancies.