فهرست مطالب akbar hasan zadeh

Increased body mass index (BMI) seems to be a risk factor for migraine attacks. Cinnamon has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of cinnamon on anthropometric indices and headache-related disability of patients with migraine.

This study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 50 migraine patients. Patients were randomized to receive either 600 mg cinnamon powder or placebo capsules for two months. Height, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured.Furthermore, Minimal or Infrequent Disability (MIDAS) and Headache Daily Result (HDR) Questionnaires were recorded.

At the end of the treatment period, BW and BMI did not change in the intervention group; however, both factors were significantly increased in the placebo group (p=0.001). The change of WC, HDR and MIDAS was significantly different between the intervention and placebo groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, HC and WHR significantly decreased (p=0.001).

Cinnamon seems to have beneficial effects on anthropometric indices and headache disability of migraine patients.

Social skills are necessary for teenagers to have good interactions, accept roles, and adapt to conditions in the community. The present study investigated the effect of cognitive‑behavioral educational intervention on students’ social skills.

This experimental study was completed on 102 female students in Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan. Fifty‑seven students participated in the online cognitive‑behavioral educational program of social skills for five sessions, and 57 students were assigned to the control group. The data from the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (for subjects aged 4–18 years old) were collected before and 1 month after the interventional program. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25, independent t‑test, Mann–Whitney test, and Chi‑squared test.

The independent t‑test showed that before the intervention, the total mean score of social skills and its variables were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the total mean score of social skills and the variables of appropriate communication skills, relationship with peers, and impulsive behaviors in the intervention group was significantly more than the control group, but the mean scores of antisocial and arrogant behaviors (haughtiness) were not significantly different between the two times in the intervention and control groups.

The results show that participation in educational intervention significantly increased student’s social skills development; it is suggested to incorporate cognitive‑behavioral intervention in educational programs for adolescents.

Fear of falling is one of the factors that threaten the quality of life in old age and increases the risk of falling by limiting physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training on the efficacy of fear of falling and the rate of falling in older women.

In this randomized controlled trial, 70 aging women with a fear of falling were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=35) and control (n=35) groups. The intervention group received 10 sessions of 1-hour balance exercise, along with training in falling prevention strategies, but the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International questionnaire and the new elderly health services package of the Ministry of Health of Iran. Fear of falling was evaluated as the primary outcome 1 month and 3 months after balance training, and frequency of falling was assessed as a secondary outcome one year after the intervention. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, independent t test, and paired t test.

The results showed that the mean score of fear of falling in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group 1 month (P = 0.005) and 3 months (P < 0.001) after balance training. The mean score of fear of falling in the control group represented no significant difference between the three times (P = 0.64). Finally, one year after the balance training, the frequency of falling in the experimental group was significantly lower in comparison to the control group (P = 0.035).

A balance training program is recommended as a preventive approach for reducing the frequency of falling in older women.

Lead poisoning was on the rise in recent years. There exists a lack of easy access to some of the main chelator drugs in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to explore the comparative effects of Succimer and D-Penicillamine on acute lead poisoning patients from 2013 to 2018.

This descriptive study was conducted in the Clinical Toxicology Department of Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan City, Iran. Adult patients with acute lead poisoning were included in the study. Patients in the 3 treatment groups of D-Penicillamine, D-Penicillamine with succimer, and succimer were compared concerning demographic characteristics as well as clinical and laboratory findings at admission time and two weeks later.

In total, 163 patients were evaluated in this research. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups respecting improvement in clinical symptoms. The mean blood lead levels during hospitalization and two weeks after the treatment did not significantly differ between the three groups; however, there was a significant reduction in all study groups after two weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The mean white blood cell count was significantly lower only in the D-Penicillamine group two weeks after hospitalization (P<0.05). In the D-Penicillamine group, the mean platelet, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower two weeks after hospitalization, although within the healthy range.

D-Penicillamine may be an acceptable chelator drug for treating patients with acute lead poisoning, especially in communities without access to drugs, like succimer.

Self-efficacy of childbirth has an important role in increasing the ability of the mother to adapt to normal childbirth and decreasing the tendency for cesarean section. The aim of the present study was determining the self-efficacy status of normal vaginal delivery and related demographic variables in pregnant women in Lenjan City, Iran.

The study population consisted of all pregnant women in Lenjan City at 20 to 37 weeks of gestation. Using simple random sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study as well as ethical considerations, 87 people were selected from Lenjan comprehensive health centers. All participants completed the Maternal Self-efficacy Questionnaire (MSQ) and demographic variables assessment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as correlation and regression tests in SPSS software.

The mean self-efficacy of normal vaginal delivery in pregnant women in Lenjan City was 101.8 with a range of 17-170, that was in the desired range. In addition, results of correlation analysis and regression analysis showed that among demographic variables, only preparation classes for childbirth could significantly explain self-efficacy of normal delivery (P < 0.001).

The results of this study play an important role in formulating the content of special education for pregnant women and increasing their empowerment and adjustment to childbirth.

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis disease, and an important public health problem in many areas of the world including Iran. Sufficient epidemiological information is required for taking care, monitoring, and effective control of the disease. In the present study, we evaluated epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of hydatidosis in the Alzahra hospital in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, over a 9-year period.

In a descriptive cross-sectional study, demographic information (age, sex, job, etc.), clinical signs, and diagnosis methods (imaging, sonography, and serology) were obtained from the medical record of hospitalized patients during the years 2008-2016.

Overall, from 698 patients, 352 men (50.4%) and 346 women (49.6%), 647 patients were diagnosed as having hydatid cyst by clinical and paraclinical findings, and pathologic documentation. Patients' age ranged from 3 to 87 years, and the peak prevalence of the disease was between 20 and 40 years (39% of cases). The involvement of liver was the most frequent (64.8%) site, and most cases of liver cysts (54.2%) were in the right lobe.

The results showed that some cases of hydatid cysts were not diagnosed before surgery by imaging and serology method; on the contrary, cases of diagnosis of hydatid that were determined to be non-hydatid cyst after surgery. This suggests that hydatid cyst diagnosis requires more reliable and accurate diagnostic methods.

Providing hygiene and safe food in catering has a critical role in protecting consumers from foodborne diseases. This survey aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of staff in food catering towards safety and hygiene indices. This cross-sectional study was performed by a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 110 food staff in food catering at the Isfahan University of Medical Science and the University of Isfahan. The average score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of respondents was 62.96±19.9, 70.8±9.8, and 88.6±5.3, respectively. According to the results, the level of the criteria was desirable. A positive correlation was observed between knowledge, attitudes, and practices, while no correlation was found between attitude and practice. Although the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food staff was desirable, weakness in some hygiene criteria such as controlling foodborne microorganisms and critical temperature, was found. It is recommended to have effective educational intervention in the implementation of safety and hygiene in food catering to prevent the occurring of foodborne diseases.

This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of sesame oils produced by traditional (Ardeh method), industrial, and cold press methods.

30 samples of sesame oil (12, 12, and 6 samples by traditional, cold press, industrial methods, respectively) were collected from Isfahan, and Ardakan cities in Iran. The antimicrobial effect of the samples was measured by agar diffusion method, and then by minimum inhibitory concentration. Antioxidant capacity of oils was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) method. Moreover, data analysis was performed using ANOVA, one-sample t, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests.

Zone of inhibition was caused by 100% of the samples, and the highest antimicrobial effect was observed in the traditional method on Bacillus cereus. The zone of inhibition of all samples showed statistically significant difference compared with positive control (kanamycin antibiotic) (P < 0.050). The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus showed that the MIC level against Bacillus cereus was 500 μl/ml in cold press and traditional sesame oil, and more than 500 μl/ml in industrial sesame oil. The lowest MIC was obtained from the cold press sesame oil in 125 μl/ml on Escherichia coli. Antioxidant capacity was observed in all oil samples. However, three of the oil production methods did not show a significant difference.

All sesame oil samples with different production methods have antimicrobial effect on important microorganisms in food hygiene, and have antioxidant effects as well.

Recent studies have identified Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as an inflammatory condition associated with immunological and oxidative responses. Therefore, it is necessary to examine these processes in these patients. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between the dietary intake of antioxidants, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, and the serum levels of inflammatory factors in ADHD students.

This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 64 ADHD children aged 6 - 13 years. The demographic questionnaire, Food Frequency Questionnaire, and Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire were used for data collection. SOD activity and the serum level of inflammatory factors (homocysteine, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were measured in all patients. According to the CRP values, 32 patients were included in the case group (CRP≥1 mg/L) and 32 patients in the control group (0≤CRP<1 mg/L).

There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index. In the case group, the mean SOD activity (P=0.034), the physical activity (P=0.04), zinc intake (P=0.02), and homocysteine levels were higher than the control group (P=0.001). Of all studied variables, the best predictors were homocysteine (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.082-1.670, P=0.029) and physical activity (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.761-0.952, P=0.022) respectively, whereas other variables were not significant predictors.

The present study showed that the level of inflammatory factors in the case group was significantly higher than the control group. Homocysteine and physical activity can predict the inflammation status induced by CRP.

The community pharmacy internship course is a key component to provide the required knowledge and skills for community pharmacy practices, which is an important field of practice for graduate pharmacists in Iran. In view of this, this study endeavored to explore and analyze pharmacy studentschr('39') experiences in different arenas of community pharmacy internship program.

This cross-sectional descriptive, analytical study was conducted among 90 pharmacy students of Isfahan university of medical sciences during 2017-2018. Census sampling was used to include students who successfully passed pharmacy internship course in the first time, during the last year. Students who did not completed questionnaire were excluded from the study. Questionnaire research tool was designed by researcher with using Carrido’s study questionnaire and applied after confirmation of its validity and reliability. Data were analyzed with independent sample t-test, one sample t-test, Chi-square test and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient.

All students responded to the questionnaire which revealed they experienced high level of satisfaction (90.5 from 100) during pharmacy internship course. However, participation in some internship activities such as extemporaneous compounding of prescriptions, filling, compounding and pricing of prescriptions, recording of entries in prescription or other required record books and inventory of drugs were significantly lower than the expected mean level (P < 0.001). Moreover, independent sample t-test revealed that the mean scores of knowledge (P = 0.002), skills (P = 0.02) and level of satisfaction (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in male pharmacy students than female.

Nonetheless, students revealed the overall positive perception during pharmacy internship, but some barriers and problems reported during the study require more attention to promote the quality of this course.

 This study aimed at measuring the mental and physical workload and its association with the prevalence of wrist disorders.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 female workers working in the assembly line of a porcelain company. The mental and physical workloads and also the prevalence of wrist disorders were measured using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire, the OCRA method, and the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire for wrists and hands, respectively.

 The results showed that 63.3% of the participants had discomfort in their wrist and hands. The Mann-Whitney test results showed that OCRA risk levels were significantly higher in those with wrist pain than those without. The NASA-TLX results revealed that the physical demands and effort (78.79 ± 19.562 and 78.37 ± 20.002, respectively) had the higher scores among the 6 subscales of NASA-TLX, which were significantly higher in those with wrist pain.

 The findings suggested a high rate of physical and mental workloads and also the wrist disorders in the assembly line workers of the porcelain company. It seems that mental workload is one of the risk factors associated with the incidence of MSDs. Therefore, the high amount of mental workload should be considered as a risk factor.
 

Introduction:

The effect of exercise program on the prevention of upper extremities musculoskeletal disorders has attracted the attention of researchers. On the other hand, in assembly workers, the risk of these disorders increases because the part of the body is used successively and without rest. The current study investigates the effect of 8 weeks of Kinesio Taping and sport program on grip endurance in female assembly workers of an electrical piece industrial manufacturer.

Materials and Methods:

The current study was used a descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional method among 40 female assembly workers. Participants are exercised and used Kinesio taping for two times per week at eight weeks. The endurance of the grip was determined before and after the intervention by a dynamometer and the maximum time (in seconds) that one was able to continue one third of the maximum voluntary contraction. The DASH questionnaire was used to assess upper limb extremities’ disability. Data were analyzed using SPSS Ver.20 and the P value was considered smaller than 0.05.

Results:

 In the present study, the mean of right and left hand grip endurance in kinesio type and exercise group before intervention were obtained 10.55 and 9.51, whereas, related results after intervention were obtained 20.55 and 16.18, respectively. Also the score of upper limb disability in kinesio type and exercise group before intervention were obtained 10.55 and 9.51 and after intervention obtained 20.55 and 16.18, respectively(P <0.05).

Conclusion:

 According to the results, sport exercise and kinesio taping, lead to the increase in the grip endurance time and decrease in the upper limb disability.

Employed women experience a wide range of stresses that will potentially impact on their quality of life, mental status, and marital satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the above components in employed women.

The statistical population of this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was 124 married employed women of Khorramabad Health Center. The WHO Standard Questionnaire (SF-36), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (COHEN questionnaire), Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (ENRICH questionnaire 47), and Demographic Information Questionnaire were used to collect data. Information was analyzed by SPSS software.

Most of the participants in the research had a good (45/2%) and very good (34/7%) quality of life. Most of them reported high (57/1%) and very high (15/3%) levels of marital satisfaction. Furthermore, the majority of women participating in the study had a low level (64/5%) of perceived stress. There was a significant inverse correlation between perceived stress and marital satisfaction (r = −0/446, P < 0.001) and quality of life (r = −0/612, P < 0.05). There was a direct correlation between marital satisfaction and quality of life (r = −0/449, P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that the importance of quality of life and perceived stress scores, respectively, were significant predictors of marital satisfaction score. There was no statistically significant correlation between the total score of quality of life and marital satisfaction with demographic variables; only a weak relationship was found between perceived stress and family monthly income (r = −0/184, P= 0/04).

The findings of this study indicate that quality of life and perceived stress can be significant predictors of marital satisfaction in married employed women.

This study aimed to design smart class board authomatically adjustable to height and assess its effect on of users' posture.

This interventional study evaluated the effects of smart board application on users' posture while using non-smart boards, as well as smart boards, based on Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method.The study population included the professors and students of Isfahan University of Medical sciences. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version20), and a value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

According to the results of the presents study, 54.5% of participants required a necessary corrective measure (as soon as possible) in the application of upper part of non-smart boards, and were placed at the third level of corrective measure priorotization . In addition, the assessment of users' postures while using the middle part of board indicated that in nonsmart boards, 90.9% of subjects were at the second level of corrective measure priorotization, while this value dropped to 4.5% in using smart boards. On the other hand, users' postures while using the lower part of the board was assessed and revealed that 18.2% of participants were at the second level of corrective measure priorotization, while there was no need for corrective measures in use of smart boards.

The obtained results of posture assessment by REBA method in this study indicated a substantial risk in using non-smart boards. Accordingly, it is suggested that this new technology be used to prevent musculoskeletal disorders

The identification of the factors related to adoption of skin cancer preventive behaviors in adolescents plays a significant role in the appropriate design and implementation of relevant educational approaches. The aim of present study was toinvestigate the factors associated with skin cancer preventive behaviors in the male high school students of Isfahan, using the protection motivation theory (PMT). This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 311 male high school students of Isfahan in 2018. A reliable questionnaire was used for data collection, whose validity and reliability had been confirmed before. The data were analyzed, using the SPSS software (version 20), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, one-way ANOVA, independent t test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that the score of skin cancer preventive behaviors was inversely associated with response cost score (P < 0.001), while it was directly related to perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, response efficacy, fear, and protection motivation (P < 0.001). The multiple linear regression model showed that among the constructs of the PMT, the scores for self-efficacy, response cost, and perceived susceptibility were significant predictors of skin cancer preventive behaviors, respectively, in order of importance. This study showed that the PMT constructs were associated with the skin cancer preventive behaviors, which could be promoted by designing and implementing educational studies based on the constructs

Parenting self‑efficacy, which is one of the main determinants of effective and positive parental behavior, has been commonly defined as the parents’ opinions and beliefs to develop their ability to affect their children in a way that raises their confidence development and adjustment. This study was performed to examine the effect of educational intervention on parenting self‑efficacy in parents of primary school students.

This quasi‑experimental study was conducted on 104 parents of primary school students in Khomeini Shahr city, Isfahan province of Iran, in 2017. In this study, 104 parents (52 couples) of primary school students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Then, an educational intervention was implemented in the experimental group during 6 sessions of 2 h while the control group received only the usual family school education program. The parenting self‑efficacy was measured before the intervention and 2 months afterward. The data were analyzed by independent t‑test, paired t‑test.

There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic variables of parents in both groups. Both the experimental and control groups were similar in terms of age, number of children, education, and employment as well as parenting self‑efficacy. Two months after the intervention, the mean of total parenting self‑efficacy, as well as play and entertainment with the child, discipline and boundaries, self‑acceptance, learning and knowledge in the experimental group, were significantly higher than the control group, but the mean scores of other areas were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Educational interventions that engage parents in group task and facilitate expression of experiences, are feasible in the primary school meetings and have a helpful effect on parenting self‑efficacy.

Like the global population, the Iranian population is aging rapidly. Measures should be taken to maintain aging population healthy and happy. The present study evaluated the effects of active education of healthy lifestyle on happiness and life satisfaction of the elderly people.  In this randomized controlled trial, 96 elderly people aged 60-70 were conveniently recruited from a health center in Isfahan Province, Iran. The subjects were randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. Participants in the intervention group were provided with lifestyle educations in 4 two-hour sessions. Happiness and life satisfaction were assessed before and 2 months after the intervention. Study data were analyzed by SPSS using the Independent samples t-test and Paired t-test, Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-squared test and Pearson correlation analysis. The lifestyle education program significantly improved happiness scores from 36.80 to 43.11 and life satisfaction scores from 12.96 to 16.02 (P<0.001). Happiness was positively correlated with life satisfaction (r=0.719; P<0.001). Active participation in healthy lifestyle education programs can improve happiness and life satisfaction among elderly people.

Life satisfaction and its determinants in married women are essential for the development of proper preventive programs. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the communication skills, self-efficacy, and self-esteem with life satisfaction in married women.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on married women who were selected by multistage random sampling, in Naien city health centers. Data were collected using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), and revised version of communication skills test. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 by descriptive statistics. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were used.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses and ANOVA were used.

According to the regression analysis test, 35.8% of the total variance in life satisfaction was accounted for by self-efficacy, communication skills, and self-esteem. Pearson correlations demonstrated that all correlations between the variables were statistically significant. In particular, self-efficacy, communication skills, and self-esteem had positively correlated with life satisfaction (P < 0.05).

General self-efficacy highly correlated with life satisfaction in married women. Therefore, in order to increase life satisfaction in married women, it is necessary to focus more on self-efficacy promotion strategies.

CONTEXT:

In recent years, the media have had very massive effects on individuals, especially children and adolescents. Hence, they should be able to use media rationally also be able to create digital, multimedia texts, and attain media literacy. Media literacy is a skill based on understanding and gives the audience the opportunity to use the media appropriately and critically.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between media literacy and mental psychology of high school students in Semirom city.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This correlational study was conducted with the participation of 139 adolescent girls selected using multi-stage random sampling, in Semirom city, Isfahan province, the Central of Iran, in 2017.
SUBJECTS AND

Data were measured using researcher-made media literacy questionnaire, psychological well-being Scales of Ryff.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (Pearson correlations) were used. The statistical significant level was set as 0.05.

There was no significant correlation between family economic situation, parental education, and media literacy score. Media literacy was significantly correlated with total psychological well-being (r = 0.165, P < 0.05), personal growth subscale (r = 0.216, P < 0.05), and self-acceptance subscale (r = 0.218, P < 0.05).

Considering the importance of psychological well-being in adolescents' life, the design of educational interventions to increase media literacy is recommended.

 The advent of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) as medical image information system represent a major change of work pattern for radiologists and physicians and has proved to be a substantial challenge to the organization.

The study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the use of PACS through the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It was an applied and analytical study. SUBJECTS AND

Ninety questionnaires were distributed in Kashani hospital of Esfahan which implemented web‑based PACS, and 45 usable questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire consists of scales for performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy, facility condition, social influences, and behavioral intention (BI) and was developed by the author comparing the similar studies in which validity was confirmed by a committee of experts and the reliability was calculated using a Cronbach’s α (α = 0.946). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The statistical tests for data analysis were Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis.

The findings suggested a direct correlation between BI and factors of PE (P < 0.001, r = 0.788), effort expectancy (P < 0.001, r = 0.564), social influences (P = 0.001, r = 0.472), and facility condition (P < 0.001, r = 0.477).

According to the findings, only the PE is sufficient for predict and evaluation of user behavior toward PACS. The results could be useful in terms of designing new systems and understanding users’ need.

Today, the problem of obesity is a chronic condition that affects all age groups in developed and developing countries. Since adolescence is a transitional period and behavioral patterns formed in this period affect people in their adult years, attention to obesity and extra weight in this age group is more important than other groups. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of nutrition education course on awareness of female 1st‑year high school students of Isfahan based on transtheoretical model ( TTM) of behavioral change.

In this semi‑empirical study, 64 female 1st‑year high school students with weight problem were selected using nonpercent stratified sampling and divided into two control and test groups. Data gathering was carried out using researcher‑made nutrition awareness and stages of change questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed. Participants in the test group participated in a 2‑month education with sessions every 2 weeks and received one brochure and 3 educational massages each week. Data were analyzed using independent t‑test and Mann–Whitney test.

The results showed that the average nutrition awareness score of students in test group was significantly higher than control group after intervention. Students in test group were also in higher stages of change compared to control group after intervention.

The results show that TTM was effective in changing nutritional behavior in students.

A person can perform heavy activities easier when he has high aerobic capacity. Measuring hand grip is a cheap and easy way to measure muscle strength. This study aims at evaluating the effect of physical work capacity (PWC) and gender on hand grip strength in the youth. This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 young people (19-29 years old) by means of simple random sampling. To assess the PWC, grip and pinch strength and endurance, the step test (McArdle method), dynamometer, and pinch gauge were used, respectively. Data analysis was carried out using independent-samples t-test and paired-samples t-test via SPSS software. P-value < 0.050 was considered significant. Findings: PWC, grip and pinch strength and endurance in men were higher than women (P < 0.050). Meanwhile, PWC in men and women affected only the pinch strength and grip endurance, respectively (P < 0.050). In jobs that require high pinch strength and grip endurance, it is necessary to employ those with high PWC, so that the irreparable damages caused by incongruity between the job and the worker could be prevented or reduced. In general, gender should be considered as an important factor in employing workers in different jobs

Modification of nutritional behaviors in adolescents is of high importance and can prevent nutrition-related diseases in adulthood.
The current study aimed at determining the effect of a social cognitive theory (SCT)-based intervention on fast food consumption among students.
The current quasi-experimental study was carried out on 92 students randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. Data gathering tool consisted of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and SCT questionnaire filled out using self-reporting method at 2 times (before and after the intervention). Intervention was performed based on SCT in 4 sessions. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data (independent t test and paired samples t test).A 2-tailed P-value, lower than 0.05, was considered statistically significant.
In the intervention group, the mean scores of fast food consumption before and after intervention were 16.1 ± 8.9 and 9.4 ± 7.5, respectively. There was a significant difference in the scores obtained in 2 times (P Based on the obtained results, the SCT-based intervention can be effective in decreasing students’ fast food consumption.

The measurement of physical work capacity (PWC) is important to create the physiological balance between work and worker. The results of some studies showed a relationship between maximum amount of oxygen consumption (VO2-max) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second). The current study aimed at determining the relationship between PWC and asthma disease.
The current cross sectional study was conducted on 44 workers with different degrees of asthma disease (mild, moderate, and severe) and 44 workers without asthma. At first, the information about age, height, weight, smoking, doing exercise, and heart disease was collected by a questionnaire. The heart rate of the subjects was measured after resting for 15 minutes. Then, Tuxworth and amp; Shahnavaz method was employed as the step test method to measure the PWC. In this method, the subject went up and down a 40-cm height stair at a rate of 25 steps per minute for 5 minutes, then the subject sat down and after 30 seconds his heart rate was measured in the following intervals: 30 to 60, 90 to 120, and 150 to 180 seconds. Finally, data were analyzed with the SPSS version 16, using independent t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
The mean PWC index was 5.18 kcal/minute in subjects with asthma and 4.79 kcal/minute in subjects without asthma. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of PWC were 5.15 (0.29) kcal/minute in the subjects with mild asthma, 4.87 (0.60) in subjects with moderate asthma, and 4.28 (0.34) in the ones with severe asthma, respectively. The results showed that the mean PWC in the 2 groups with and without asthma were significantly different (P Based on the study results, PWC was correlated with different degrees of asthma, and asthma disease was an important factor impressing PWC.

Vitamin D deficiency is considered as a public health problem throughout the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on weight loss, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs_CRP), and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women.
This double blind clinical trial was done on 53 overweight and obese women who divided into two groups. The intervention group received vitamin D supplements with doze of 50000 IU per week for 6 weeks and another received placebo. The anthropometric factors and biochemical markers were measured before and after intervention. Independent samples t and paired samples t test were used to compare the mean between and within groups, respectively.
Findings: Serum vitamin D increased significantly compared to control group (P 0.050 for all).
The evidence of this study suggests that supplementation of vitamin D in obese and overweight women did not confirm the effect of vitamin D supplementation on anthropometrics, body mass index (BMI), hs_CRP, and insulin resistance.