ali dadolahi sohrab

Geomorphology of the river, a term used to check the river system. Zohreh river is one of the rivers in Khuzestan that consisted from 2 arm Fahlian and Kheyrabad it flow to Persian gulf at the end of Hendijan flat. To accomplish this study topographic maps, remote sensing data, including: Landsat satellite images, Landsat TM and ETM + collected from the Geological Survey of America (Earth Explorer), aerial photographs taken in 1334 of National Geography Organization is used. Next, aerial photos of 1334 as the base image and satellite image of Landsat 8 (2015) were selected as the data terminal. The future direction of the river in 2030 (1409) is plotted and compared with other periods. In this interval is 2 Meander complained. The findings suggest that during the period under review trends in three periods studied are quite different in the river, so in terms of reducing the length, intervals 7, experiences the lowest decline while interval 2 experience biggest decline in three visits. In terms of increasing the length, intervals 7, experiences the lowest increase and intervals 8, had the largest increase. The findings indicate that during the three periods under review, the river changes in the periods studied are quite different. The results show that in 1955 10 cases of amputation has occurred in the river channel and along the river has become 3,653 km shorter. Even though at intervals of 1 to 5 we except villages along the way, there is no human factor; But in the interval of 6 industries are seen. Interval 7 in the northern part of the land is under irrigated agriculture. But in the southern part are bare. In the interval of 8, lands under the tide, and asphalt and dirt roads are important feature.

Arvand River is a vast river in the southwest and on the border of Iran and Iraq, which is threatened by a variety of pollutants such as industrial effluents, fertilizers, chemical toxins and municipal wastewater that have adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem. The purpose of this study is spatial analysis of pollution changes in Arvand River using GIS.

In this research, pollution distribution modeling using GIS in Arvandrud river has been used using three-dimensional and hydrodynamic model of Coherence. The continuity equation, Navira-Stokes equations in three dimensions and salinity and temperature transfer equations are solved by separation method. The applied boundary conditions include temperature, salinity and discharge changes for the open river boundary and temperature and salinity changes and the application of tidal components O1, S2, M2 and K1 for the open sea boundary are used in the model.

We call the outputs of the Coherence model, which are in NetCDF format, in the GIS environment, then georeferences the contamination of a specific time (tidal mode), and finally classifies it in the GIS environment.

In this regard, the changes in the pollution of the taxonomic river and the Arvand River are classified on a scale of 1 to 5, with rank 1 indicating the lowest degree of pollution and rank 5 indicating the highest degree of pollution. According to the percentage of area covered by pollution in different stations, it was observed that the highest level of pollution in the first station in the mode of mode and low water with a value of 32.27%, in the second station in the state of low tide with a value of 32.87% And in the third station, it is 28.48% in fashionable and watery mode.

The ultimate goal of this study is using remote sensing technology and using MODIS data to calculate the amount of dust in the Persian Gulf and evaluation of linear correlation model with ground measurements of atmospheric dust. The method of this research was that initially deposition mask and clouds mask and atmospheric correction was applied to images. In the following, extract of dust values in the form of AOD parameter was performed by using cod of MATLAB software. Finally, evaluation of results was performed by using the AERONET station data and statistical indicators RMSE and RMSD. Initial results of algorithm was reflects the model ability to simulation of dust particles. The results showed that existing algorithms simulate the spectral reflectance data in the effective radius different for dust concentration in the LUT tables. Amount of correlation calculated form the 13 September 2009 in the band of 1.243 is 0.94 and for the band of 1.643 is 0.97 respectively. RMSE and RMSD indexes were calculated in these day for bands of 1.243 equal to 0.02 and 0.02, and day for bands of 1.643 equal to 0.1 and 0.01 respectively. The evaluation results showed that AOD values obtained from satellite images is significantly correlated with AOD measured in AERONET stations.

Rivers affected by erosion and sedimentation, which are subject to various changes, including changing the direction of transverse and longitudinal movements, the shortcuts, changing river bed elevation change, change, change size and geometrical properties route pointed. Erosion and sedimentation studies provide the opportunity to identify the behavior of river morphology, the effects of different measures to reorganize its behavioral performance evaluated on quantitative and qualitative data And thereby allows detection of unstable and applying measures to protect and advance engineering measures It was already possible. Arvand River is one of the most important navigable rivers in Iran, and it’s the most traffic place for oil floating which don’t have any system for delivery waste materials and discharging these waste materials in water making oil pollution. Arvand River vast river in southwestern Iran in the Iran-Iraq border and the connections of the dejle, forat and Karun emerged. This study range to which the mouth of the Arvand River in the northern part of the Persian Gulf to the middle of Abadan, about 48 km from the river encompass. In this research for simulating the way of diffusion of oil pollution in Arvand Rood the Arc GIS and surfer software and three dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) are using, has been employed to solve the equations of continuity and Navier-Stokes in three dimension as well as equations of salinity and temperature. Also for displaying data Ferret software is using. First the model is verfing by using field information and then the result are showing as different senarios for diffusion oil pollution. Including modeling, taking into account different rates for Arvand, spill pollution at different times of the tidal cycle, leaks in different areas and with different loss amounts to is the possible crisis management. In this study, three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of coherence, is used to simulate the flow velocity the Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions and equations are solved transfer salinity and water temperature separation method. Boundary conditions applied، including changes in temperature، salinity and flow rate، temperature and salinity changes and apply for open border river and tidal components O1, S2, M2 and K1 open sea in the model used for the border. To create files bathymetric mapping of the Armed Forces of hydrographic maps in the scale of 1:25, 000 use software and GIS georeferenced digital interpolation were then. In this study, a computational grid of 80 x 83 meters with an accuracy that range in size 96/52 * 97/48 km covers. One of the most effective tools in the interval erosion and unsustainable use of aerial photographs. The aim of this study was to determine the scope of erosion and sedimentation in Arvand River is using GIS. GIS is a computer-based technology that uses geographic information systems as a framework for managing and combining data, solve problems and understand situations in the past, present and future uses. Software of GIS to identify areas of erosion and sediment has been used in Arvand River And also output the final maps with erosion and sediment pollution is classified. To show the flow rate in different parts of the river, three cross-section upstream, mid-stream and river mouth for the average speed for different times and different places been brought, According to the average upstream speed is observed that the flow rate of water flow rate on the beach on the coast of Iran is Iraq, In the middle sections of the river, the average flow rate on the coast of Iran, Iraq coast, at some point in the middle of the river mouth of the river can be seen that the average speed is lower and on both sides of the river. Because of Arvand River is a tidal river, when the diffusion of oil pollution happen in specified place in high tide, it polluted the outside areas of river, and when it happen in reflow it quickly reached to Persian Golf and controlling it become difficult. The accessible result, represent the effect of tidal on oil pollution diffusion.
Table 1: different parts of the Arvand river coast erosion and sediment
long range (%) long range (km)
62. 57 45. 54 sediment on the beach
26. 75 19. 47 Beach erosion
10. 67 7. 77 Established beach
100 Total Most of the beaches in the study area are related to sediment The length of this range is 62 percent and more of beach fixed and erosion Due to the different horizontal sectioning to speed on the river, and the output flow velocity of the coherence we conclude Where the water flow rate is high, more erosion, and where less water flow speed, sediment more. Where the sediment is covered zone is the highest pollution

Dust prediction such as prediction of wind and rain needs to synoptic information to the earth's surface, upper layers of the atmosphere, the prediction maps of land surface and upper levels as well as using radar and satellites. The purpose of this study, use of remote sensing technology and MODIS images to estimate dust optical depth on the Persian Gulf surface and estimating the linear correlation relationship between the dust measurements in ground and atmospheric. The dust optical depth calculated using the code developed in MATLAB software. Evaluation of extracted data conducted using Pearson correlation coefficient, RMSE and RMSD index. In this study, optical depth obtained from image processing compared with the optical depths obtained from AERONET network. The evaluation results showed a high and significant correlation between the obtained optical depth and optical depths obtained from AERONET network (R2=0.99). The best and most suitable mode demonstrated for 1.243 and 1.643 bonds. At all stations, AOD value obtained from satellite image is bigger than AOD amount corresponding to the AERONET station and the algorithm used has overestimated. The cause of this more estimate can be use of limited particle's effective radius, because the scope of this effective radius is limited at the distribution of particle size in log-normal. Error resources at the retrieving particulate matter was defined such as sensor calibration error, pollution on the radiation angle, or poor predictor of water reflection.

Coastal environments are considered the most sensitive system environments. In terms of environmental Coastal areas because of the sensitive and productive ecosystems have high importance and value. Having knowledge of the coastline’s behavior can help of the coastal better management. The aim of this study is to assessing the application of the OIF utility index factor in the assessment of coastline changes in Dayyer city, Using Landsat satellite images sensor TM and OLI 1991 and 2014 and the software are 2013®MATLAB and ArcGis 9.3. For the separation of land and water, OIF index value for all different band combinations in the application MATLAB® 2013 was calculated and then high-pass Sobel filter with 3 × 3 masks was applied to the images. Then digitization process during different periods in application environments ArcGis 9.3 was done manually and with high precision. The results of the survey the coastline from 1991 to 2014 show moving the coastline to the sea side (sedimentation) and landward (erosion), Which totals 33/784 square kilometers sedimentation and 9/132 square kilometers erosion shows from 1991 to 2014, in Dayyer city occurred because of the construction of piers, installations manmade and natural factors.

Water resources under threat of pollution such as industrial waste, fertilizers, pesticides and urban sewage that negative effects on the environment and ecosystems. Arvand Rood is one of the most important navigable rivers in Iran, and it’s the most traffic place for floating which don’t have any system for delivery waste materials and discharging these waste materials in water making oil pollution. In this research, modeling pollution in the Arvand River using three-dimensional and hydrodynamic model to simulate how the pollution is studied, the Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions and equations are solved transfer salinity and water temperature separation method. Boundary conditions applied, including changes in temperature, salinity and flow rate, temperature and salinity changes and apply for open border river and tidal components O1¡ S2¡ M2 and K1 open sea in the model used for the border. The results of modeling pollution in Arvand After running the model revealed that the pollution is pollution in the Arvand River according to location and time of release, In other words, in the Arvand River pollution from one point to another and from season to season is different, in fact, pollution is reciprocating mode. Diffusion of oil pollution in Arvand rood is depending to current. And in low tide because of same side of river current with low tide pollution reached to the Persion Gulf with high speed. The results shows, represent the effect of tie on diffusion pollution.

Atrazine is one of the most important and effective pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. The widest sugar cane farms of the Middle East are located in Khouzestan province, Iran. Large amounts of Atrezine are being used in farming on these farms.
The aims of this study were to investigate acute toxicity (LC50 96 h) of atrazine on Barbus grypus and the effects of chronic toxicity with sub-lethal concentration of atrazine on hematological parameters as well.
180 B grypus were divided into 4 equal groups (5, 10 and 20% of LC50 96 h and control). Blood samples were taken on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of experiment. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin level, hematocrit, and red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and globular indices were measured and compared among the groups.
LC50 96 h was measured 65 mg l-1. Hematological parameters were significantly affected by chronic toxicity of atrazine. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBC were decreased at all sampling periods in fish exposed to different levels of atrazine (p0.05). For all samples, WBC value was decreased significantly on day 21 (p Based on the results, it can be concluded that chronic atrazine toxicity adversely affects hematological parameters of B. grypus.

A. marina from aquatic plants is widely distributed throughout Bardestan estuary (Bushehr, Iran). This study examined the uptake of some metals by A. marina and their translocation from the roots to other parts of the plant. For this purpose, samples of sediment, and mangrove roots and leaves were taken from the Bardestan mangrove. Samples were dried in the laboratory and digested in concentrated acids and their metal content was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The enrichment coefficients in leaves of A. marina were smaller than 1.0 for all the studied metals. Similarly, the enrichment coefficients of all the metals (Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd), in roots of A. marina were smaller than 1.0. This study demonstrated that A. marina behaves as an excluder plant and could be considered as either a bio-indicator or a bio-accumulator in sediments and waters polluted by heavy metals.

By increasingthe industrial activities during recent years and organic and inorganic pollutants including heavy metals to environment, especially in the aquatic ecosystems the problems that threaten human health are increasing. Aquatic plants that link of food chain have important role in the uptake of heavy metals. In this study, to determine the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn concentration) and role of mangrove (Avicennia marina) in the accumulation of elements, samples collected randomly from sediments and plant tissues in three stations in Bardestan. Then,Metals concentration was measured by atomic absorption after acid digestion. The ammount of cadmium, lead, copper, nickel and zinc in the sediments was 4.5, 11.55, 10.30, 81.45 and 41.48 µg/g, respectively. The amount of these elements in plant roots was 2.89, 9.38, 6.17, 5.32 and 23.33 and in the sheet being 2.26, 8.78, 4.42, 2.39 and 15.37 respectively. In general, the accumulation of metals in sediments and mangroves tissues showed that increasing the amount of these elements in sediments can also increased concentration of metals in plant tissues, so, A.marina can be an indicator for heavy metals. In addition, this plant can indicate the amount of metals bioavailability and environmental hazards.

In this study، the bioaccumulation of mercury and cadmium in the soft tissue of Crassostrea sp. were studied at experimental conditions. Also، the bioaccumulation trend of Hg and Cd in oysters were analyzed and compared during exposure period. The oysters collected from harbor No. 28 in the coast of Imam Khomeini port had lowest pollution of Hg and Cd according to the last studies. After 7 days of acclimation in laboratory، the oysters exposed to Hg at concentrations of 15 and 75 μ􀝃. 􀝈-1 and Cd at concentrations of 15 and 150 μ􀝃􀝈-1 for 14 days. Heavy metal contents in oysters were measured by atomic absorption per 48 hours. Results indicated that the Hg bioaccumulation in bivalve soft tissue was faster and stronger than Cd bioaccumulation، despite the fact that Hg had lower concentration in the experiment. The maximum bioaccumulation of metals in bivalves soft tissue was 107. 6±6. 7 μ􀝃. 􀝃-1 Hg and 86. 5±7. 6 μ􀝃. 􀝃 Cd at experimental dose of 75 μ􀝃. 􀝈-1 Hg and 150 μ􀝃. 􀝈-1 Cd، respectively.

Food industries are one of the most important industries in our country that have significant ratio in the production of crop, the usage of water and the production of sewage. Food industries located in Dezful consist of: Golestan Agric-industrial Company (Saei oil), Dez Dasht Company (Takin meaty productions), Khuzestan leaven Company and poultry Company that their sewage vacates into agricultural drain. This research is aimed on the effect of company sewage in the quality of drain waste for agricultural usages under the support and protection of General agency of Khuzestan Environmental Protection. Considering the facilities and restriction, it's considered sampling four stations around each factory, first station (upward factory as first Shahed), second station (exit sewage factory), third station (200 meter from drainage), forth station (500 meter from drainage). Samples are done in both summer and winter. Physical-chemical parameters of water and sewage in each factory such as PH, turbidity, ISS, EC, BOD, COD,,, oil and fat, phosphate, Koli Form sums, Nickel, Kadiom and Iron are analyzed. Statistical analysis on final results from sampling of observational stations showed that there wasnt a meaningful difference in % 95 confidence levels between measured parameter in both summer and winter in all factories. Also, there wasnt a meaningful difference in both summer and winter with the same confidence level between stations. The discussion on changing the procedure showed the more increase of factories from Shahed station and their decrease in 4 stations (500meter); however, they had maximum distance from standard of Iran Environmental Protection Agency.

Heavy metals have caused many environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems. These elements enter into the environment by natural factors، industrial activities، agriculture and urban sewages and can accumulate in aquatic organisms through the food chain. Mangroves as a food chain ring are able to adsorb heavy metals and can indicate elements concentrations in the ecosystem. In this study، to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cu، Pb، Ni، Cd) in sediments and mangroves in Imam Khomeini Port and to investigate the mobility of these metals based on enrichment factor، nine stations were selected and samples collected from mangrove’s leaves، roots، and sediments. The samples were digested in concentrated acid and metal concentrations were determined using atomic absorption. Results showed that metal concentrations in the roots of plants were more than in the leaves and there was a significant correlation between concentrations of metals in the sediment and plant roots. Therefore، mangrove roots can be a good biomonitor for polluted sediments with heavy metals. The average of enrichment coefficients in leaves and roots of mangroves for all metals was less than 1، that shows accumulation and availability are medium in this plant.

The objective of this study was determining the heavy metal contents in sediment along the coastlines of Hormuzgan province. Sediment constitutes are important part of aquatic ecosystems. They provide habitat for benthic organisms and could be a significant sink as well as a potential source of contaminants. Three sources of heavy metals pollution in this area are industry, natural mineralogy of soil and oil. The levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni) have been investigated over a 4 season period at 9 sites. We collected sediment samples from a depth of 0-10 cm. Heavy metals assessed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni concentrations in the sediment ranging from 3.00 to 28.00 g/g, 2.96 to 10.11 g/g, 2.60 to 11.27 g/g and 8.03 to 105.30 g/g, respectively. Seasonal study showed that pollution levels in sediments at spring and summer were more than autumn and winter. The heavy metal concentrations lead to the following ranking: Pb> Ni> Cu> Cd. Based on Pollution Index (MPI) values, our result indicated that station 9 was polluted area and station 2 was unpolluted area.

Clean-up of ecosystems from heavy metals are essential, because heavy metals are not biodegradable. This study was carried out to investigate the mangrove role in accumulation or sequestration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd and Zn) from their surrounding environment. For this purpose, samples of sediment and mangrove roots and leaves were taken from Mangrove habitats in Bandar Imam Khomeini during winter. Samples of plant tissue were digested in HNO3 and H2O2(5:1) and sediment samples were digested in HNO3 and HClO4 (4:1) and their metals content was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean of copper concentrations in the sediment, root and leaf of different stations was 29.06, 11.3 and 6.36 μg/g, Pb: 23.68, 11.87 and 9.55 μg/g, Ni: 97.49, 7.35 and 5.01 μg/g, Cd: 5.62, 3.27 and 2.64 μg/g and Zn: 79.97, 32.07 and 18.86 respectively. Mean of heavy metals in area sediment were smaller than world sediment and crust. Also, calculation of marine pollution index was revealed that there are most of heavy metals in mangrove habitat 1.

The port of Imam Khomeini is located in the north-west of the Persian Gulf where ships and vessels traffic and the existence of several industries especially petrochemical industries caused the influx of various organic and non-organic contaminants such as heavy metals into the ecosystem. Heavy metals are the major group of dangerous contaminants in marine environment. Due to their persistence، they may enter aquatic food chains and transfer from one trophic level to another. They may be harmful for human being which is placed at the top of the food chain. In this study، sediments were sampled from 5 stations including harbors of Petroshimi، Doc Sorsoreh، No. 15، No. 28 and No. 33 in the port of Imam Khomeini during March 2010. The samples were freeze dried and acid digested in order to determine their heavy metal content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The ranges of Hg، Cd، Pb and Cu in sediments were 0. 5 to 4. 4، ND (≤0. 5)، 3. 2 to 8. 2 and 15. 2 to 19. 8μg/g of dry weight respectively. The highest contamination of Hg، Pb and Cu were measured in harbor of Petroshimi station while the lowest level of these metals was measured in harbor No. 28. Among all metals، concentration of Hg in sediments were more than standard limits. This can be dangerous for public health. Therefore، regular monitoring of heavy metals، especially mercury in this area is recommended.

The study was carried out to evaluate the seasonal variations of dominant seaweed biomass and species composition at six different sites during 4 seasons from autumn 2008 till summer 2009 in the sand flats of tidal areas of the Bushehr Province. Algal samples were collected using quadrate sampling (0.5 × 0.5 m) from 4 different tidal areas (upper mid littoral, mid mid littoral, low mid littoral and infra littoral) at each site. Samples collected were sorted as far as possible at the location and placed in plastic bags. The plastic bags were placed in an ice-chest during transportation to the laboratory. Algal samples were distinguished using valid references. In sum, this study recorded 13 dominant seaweed species including 3 Chlorophyta, 4 Phaeophyta and 6 Rhodophyta were. Among Chlorophyta, Entromorpha intestinalis was the dominant species at all sites. This is while, Cystoseira myrica and Gracilaria corticatay both showed maximum biomass among the Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta, respectively.

This study was carried out to evaluate the seasonal variations of heavy metal (Ni, Cd, Cu and Pb) concentrations in sediment and 13 dominant seaweed species (3 Chlorophyta, 4 Phaeophyta and 6 Rhodophyta) at six different sites in tidal areas of Bushehr state. Sampling was done during the lowest sea level in 4 seasons from autumn 2008 untill summer 2009. All samples (algal and sediment) were digested using nitric acid and analysed for metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometr (A.A.S). In this study, metals concentrations(except Cu) showed higher levels compared to other studies from different parts of the Persian Gulf. Metals bioaccumulation was at higher levels during cold season compared to the warm seasons.Seasonal variations of heavy metals were clearly demonstrated by Rhodophyts.Keywords: