فهرست مطالب ali divandari

Advertising is an inevitable part of modern capitalist consumer society, and by using advertising content, marketers attempt to provoke consumer engagement and create higher levels of consumer engagement with their brands. Increased consumer engagement is desirable because it is thought to be associated with positive outcomes such as stronger consumer-brand relationships and brand preference, increased satisfaction and loyalty, and more purchases. Advertisements reach consumers through various media such as the Internet (especially social media), radio, television, magazines, and newspapers. Since advertisers use completely different language; there are advantages in creating strange and controversial sentences in unusual ways, as well as communicating with the audience using simple and fluent language. Therefore, in recent years, especially with the significant growth of social media users, it has been inevitable for researchers to focus on the characteristics of engaging content. This study aims to identify and classify the characteristics of brand text messages across various media, such as social, print, and television, that influence conflict behavior, as previously examined in the research. The ultimate goal is to leverage these findings to develop a model for creating engaging content with the identified characteristics.

This study is classified as developmental-applied research, driven by its purpose and qualitative, given the type of data it examines. Furthermore, it adopts an analytical-descriptive approach, collecting qualitative data through the meta-synthesis research method. The articles were extracted from the Google Scholar search engine and were available in Elsevier, Science Direct, Emerald, and Springer electronic databases from 1996 to 2022. First, 86 articles were identified. After assessing parameters such as title, abstract, content, ease of access, and quality of the research method applied to them, the invalid articles were removed. Finally, 23 articles were recognized as suitable for coding were analyzed and reviewed.

In this study, through content analysis, from a total of 86 primary texts, 34 outstanding concepts were finally identified and classified into seven key categories and seven main dimensions or features, including persuasive, information, descriptive, memorability, readability, attention value, and selling power, for Involving texts were identified.

The dimensions of persuasion (comprising five key categories and 20 concepts) were found to have the most significant impact, followed by the dimensions of information (three key categories and 16 concepts) and descriptive (two key categories and 6 concepts), which were ranked next in order of importance.

In recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic fluctuations. This study seeks to find an answer to the relationship between economic growth, inflation and risk and competitive banking indicators using the GMM model and quarterly data from the country's banks since 2007.The results show that there is a significant relationship between economic growth and systemic risk indicators and Herfindahl-Hirschman. With the increase in systemic risk of the banking sector and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the country's economic growth index has decreased; Therefore, it can be concluded that controlling and reducing the systemic risk of the banking network is very important to increase economic growth. On the other hand, banks' competition in the country's economy is not useful and effective for economic growth and destructive competition dominates the country's banking network. Regarding inflation, the relationship between the competitiveness of the banking industry and inflation is positive and one of the inflationary factors in the country's economy is the competition of banks.

The serious competition among businesses has given more attention to new product development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a new product development framework relying on the digital banking approach applied by Mellat Bank.

This is a qualitative, descriptive, and applied study, conducted based on the grounded theory. Interviews were conducted with 12 managers of different levels of Mellat Bank and university professors with sufficient experience in the field of new digital product development. Data was gathered by purposeful sampling until theoretical saturation with the help of Version 7 of Atlas T software. Strauss and Corbin's method along with the three techniques of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used to analyze the data.

A total of 122 final codes were obtained from the 12 conducted interviews. The initial model, including 6 factors for new product development with a digital banking approach, was identified: driving factors (internal and external causes), new digital product development (new product development, planning, and evaluation), strategies (influence on the market, diversification, market development, new and innovative product development), outcomes (customers as well as organizational, market and economic outcomes), intervening factors (environmental, managerial and organizational) and contextual factors (culture, political and legal, process barriers), organizational characteristics and environmental context) were compiled.

Through the new product development model with digital banking approach, the new products can be presented according to the customers’ needs. Also, feasibility and evaluation of the target market, if scientifically reviewed, can lead to the success of new product development, which will bring both customer satisfaction and productivity as well as competitive advantage to the bank.

By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sustainable competitive advantage in this industry.In this research, based on the effective components of  the Green Banking Model (Hajjaran et al.,1397),a green banking model was presented and six standard questionnaires were used to assess the fit of the model and confirm the five-dimensional hypothesis of the research.Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. The analyzes were performed on the data obtained from 310 questionnaires by a random sample from senior managers, middle managers and employees of the innovation,information technology sector of the selected banking industry. After implementing the model, the results show that increasing the component of innovation management will increase the amount of sustainable competitive advantage. Increasing the variable of innovation management as well as increasing green banking has increased the competitive advantage of sustainability. Also, increasing the green bank rules and regulations by increasing the green bank variable has increased the competitive advantage of the bank. Increasing the amount of Green Bank component and mediating senior management's environmental concerns maximizes sustainable competitive advantage and increasing innovation management and increasing environmental concerns of senior management will increase the sustainable competitive advantage.

This research conducted due to Insufficiency of media management theories, the difference between organizational models of media industry and common management models, and less attention to organizational level issues in media research. In this study, identifying and explaining the strategic model in media organizations in order to discover and understand the main components of control, dimensions, functions and relationships between these components were considered as the main objectives of the research. Due to the exploratory nature of the research, grounded theory method with Glaser approach was used, which is exploratorer and avoids preconceived framework. Due to the significant differences, importance, and the power to highlight the specific and different characteristics of industry and organizations, television was selected to study, and 15 current and former directors and consultants of television channels were interviewed. In theoretical coding, "type" coding made it possible to better integrate categories, so four types of control, including political, resources and capabilities, strategic implementation and oversight, were identified and explained. Considering interactive control, a comprehensive formulation of the reality of strategic control was presented in media organizations for the first time.

Systemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting this risk in the banking industry is the main purpose of this study. In this study, the relationship between macroeconomic indicators (interest rate, economic growth rate and inflation), risk (liquidity and default risk) and competitiveness (Herfindahl-Hirschman index and asset size) using banks' data from 2009 to date and with The GMM data panel method was tested. The results of modeling show that there is a significant and direct relationship between default risk index (credit) and systemic risk of the banking industry. Also, in all competition indicators, including Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the size of banks, there is a direct relationship, and in macroeconomic indicators, the relationship between interest rates and inflation with the systemic risk of banks is direct and significant.

Providing financial services on blockchain-based platforms as a new approach to financial markets has a lot of room for growth. This demonstrates the need to study and identify the drivers of users' attitudes towards using blockchain-based financial services. For this purpose, technology adoption models have been used. Using a combination of several technology adoption models, this research aims to study the factors affecting customers' intention to use financial services in blockchain-based platforms to determine what factors drive users to use them. For this purpose, first, by studying the literature, we have extracted the factors affecting customer behavioral intention to use financial services in blockchain-based platforms and on their basis, structural equations model has been developed. The results of the data analysis show that individual tendency to trust and structural guarantees directly affect initial trust and users’ initial trust also influences users' behavioral intention. On the other hand, technological features and task characteristics directly influence technology-task fit, and technology-task fit affects users' behavioral intention. Expecting performance also directly affects the behavioral intention of users. The results of this study show that the propensity to use financial services in blockchain-based platforms is due to a social need and even with some blockchain constraints users are eager to use financial services which are based on this technology.

Due to its dynamic nature, the emergence of evolutionary technologies, and the constant changing of the bank-related businesses, policy making in electronic banking has faced numerous challenges and has made it difficult to apply the common policymaking models to this arena. Since the policymaking process highly depends on the public culture, the administrative structure of the country, and the stakeholders’ needs, the purpose of this paper is to present a meta-model for electronic banking with regard to these considerations. The research method is qualitative in general and a meta-synthesis in particular. To this end, at first, all common policymaking models in the relevant texts and literature were identified so that, by decomposing the past models into their components and then recombining them, a new meta-model could be developed. After Analyzing 26 policy making models, the five models of “Garbage Can”, “Systematic Model”, “Process Model”, “Weak Signals” and “Game Theory” were selected according to the criteria of uncertainty, non-comprehensiveness of the topic, the lack of integrity among actors, and outside-in approach. At the end, by decomposing the components of these models and recombining them through open coding method, the developed policymaking meta-model for banking was achieved.

Resource allocation, as the main objective of managerial science, requires analyzing the long- and short-term effects of a policy, although this analysis would be more difficult in dynamic and volatile industries such as financial technology. Moreover, the integration of industries leads to more diverse product categories for a single company and makes it difficult for the implementation of decision making about resource allocation. In this regard, systemic PPM (PPM) models can be applied to balance long- and short-term generated values of the company by adopting policies about resource allocation for different products with respect to risk management concepts. The proposed systemic model should include interrelationships between different products, time relevant, and most importantly the potentials of dynamic analysis of product strategies, which is the main purpose of this research. The research strategy is to conduct a case study on the Iranian financial technology industry, by using systemic PPM modeling. In this research, a dynamic model was used in the payment industry, due to its competitive forces. Thus, system dynamics methodology was the research tool for analyzing data. Further, four cycles of risk management, resource allocation, innovation, and development were identified and then, analyzed in a dynamic approach to evaluating their efficiency for business development. Based on the results, the system dynamics methodology provided great outcomes for this problem. Finally, scenario analysis, focus, deep understandings of the decision-making process with respects to mental models, and stock and flow diagrams were among the most significant findings of this article.

Modern banks have shifted their function as purely administrative, economic and industrial entities into socio-political institutions that must be sensitive to the surrounding environment. This function has always been neglected. This study was conducted based on primary, secondary, and tertiary data and reviews the full text of 75 studies selected from more than 245 studies. The selected elected papers and studies addressed the following issues: (1) business models, (2) banking business models, (3) sustainability and sustainable development, and (4) business models adopting a sustainable development approach. Investigations on banking business models show that most studies have focused on the categorization of banking activities at the multi-bank level, and finally, using clustering techniques, have provided some general categorization for business models.

The purpose of this study is to identify and validate the antecedents and consequences of blockchain acceptance in Iranian financial markets in order to provide the necessary background for assessing the readiness of financial markets for accepting blockchain technology. The implications and implications of blockchain acceptance at four levels, 12 variables, and 53 indices have been extracted from similar research literature in e-commerce and mobile banking. To validate the research indices, in addition to the documentary study, a fuzzy Delphi technique was used to refine the indices, the survey was carried out in three stages, and the results of each step were refined. Data analysis has confirmed 39 indicators. In fact, the results of this study provide useful insights for financial market researchers and policy makers in Iran to evaluate these factors so that they can utilize blockchain applications in the Iranian financial markets by changing the business model used in financial markets.

Research studies on new financial products development in the capital markets of Islamic countries and Iran have often focused on the technical and shari'ah (religious) design of financial products and neglected the marketing approach to the New Product Development (NPD). The purpose of this research is to explore important categories and determine their relationships in order to provide a model for developing new financial products in the capital market of Iran with a marketing approach. In this qualitative research, the grounded theory strategy was used to design the research model. To identify academic-executive new products experts in the capital market, snow-ball sampling were used and after 14 interviews, theoretical saturation was obtained. The collected data were implemented in Word software and analyzed using Maxqda software. The research data were analyzed in three stages: open coding (712 descriptive codes), axial coding and selective coding. The findings show that the final model consists of 6 main categories, 20 subcategories and 129 abstract concepts. The most frequent concepts were respectively intervening conditions (69 codes), causal conditions (15 codes), strategies (13 codes), contextual conditions (12 codes), core phenomenon and outcomes (each of them 10 codes). The “stages” of new financial product development were identified as core phenomenon of the model. The research findings show that capital market managers and policy makers need to pay attention to all categories of causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and outcomes of new product development, and take a marketing and multifaceted approach to new financial products development.

Due to the fact that the banking industry is mixed with information and communication technologies, extensive developments are expected for this industry and its players in such a way that an ambiguous and complicated future is, specially, expected for the electronic banking industry. Also, analysis of the present research on policy making in electronic banking signifies the lack of a policy making model’s ability to continuously observe the uncertainties in order to set a long-term plan to preserve the future position of this industry. The aim of the present study is presenting a model for policy making in electronic banking under uncertain conditions.

In order to do so, the issue of policy making in electronic banking has been structured using Soft Systems Methodology. The prescriptive methodology has been applied and the outcomes of this research are in such a way that they consider the targeted uncertainties in policy making.

The resultant outcome is a two-circle conceptual model, the main circle of which consists of 5 stages; problem defining ecosystem, scenario presentation ecosystem, control before execution, implementation ecosystem, and control after execution, and the outer circle of which has been designed to implement the necessary controls on the stages is mentioned in the central circle.

for structuring the issues of policy making of electronic banking, the implementing of aforementioned model and responsibility of the main players in this area including the central bank, the ministry of economy and finance, banks, software producing companies and payment service providers is described.

Public Policy Leadership is a concept in the literature of public policy sciences. It is as old as other concepts in public policy, but researches in this field, which have mostly been empirical studies and reports, used divergent and different disciplines, concepts and topics. Subsequently, it has made different approaches that have led to some divergent and different meanings. In this research, using the method of thematic analysis and for the purpose of semantics and genealogy of this concept, during a certain process, the most relevant studies of this field were selected and analyzed. The results of the thematic analysis of the texts cut and arranged together show that there are three main themes that included the meaning of public policy leadership: 1) directing the public policy process, 2) playing the main role among various actors and 3) creating convergence in public policy. Finally, it has also been attempted to examine the meaning of public policy leadership with respect to these three themes and the conditions that make each one credible. Also, it has attempted to analyze the possible combinations of these three themes in a two-in-one fashion, as well as their three-in-one mix.

This study was designed to explain the Blockchain acceptance indices in Iran's financial markets aimed at identifying different angles for the implementation of Blockchains. The Blockchain acceptance indices were extracted in 4 levels, 12 variables, and 53 indices of related research literature in the field of e-commerce and mobile banking. To validate the research indicators, the Fuzzy Delphi technique was used to refine the indices in addition to the documentary study. The survey was conducted in three stages and the results of each stage were refined. Based on data analysis, 39 indicators were confirmed. The results of this study can provide useful insights for researchers and policymakers of Iran’s financial markets to understand the prerequisites and effects of the Blockchain implementation on financial markets, and thereby, they would be able to change business models to take advantage of Blockchain capabilities in the infrastructure of Iran’s financial markets by considering different aspects.

Despite the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary nature of the phenomenon of public policy leadership, being one of the topics of interest among statesmen and researchers in the fields of public administration, public policy, international relations and political science, on the one hand, which has increased the various aspects of this phenomenon from different perspectives, on the other hand, the state of accuracy of descriptions has been cut off from this term.Therefore, in order to avoid confusion among the flood of various and sometimes unrelated aspects, it is worthy to have a guideline to distinguish between studies in terms of scope, definition of the boundary and how to address the subject. In this study, four overarching themes: 1) Theme of public policy leadership, 2) Level of analysis, 3) Scope of influence of the public policy leader; and 4) Mechanism for obtaining legitimacy, were extracted from previous research.Then a matrix of these overarching themes was created which was the basis for the typology of previous studies. Each of different modes of this matrix, which were variations of overarching themes based on integrative themes, was considered as a pattern, and the most frequent patterns were considered as “types”.The survey showed that some patterns have not yet been studied, though they are reasonable and feasible.On the other hand, some of the patterns are of great interest to previous scholars. Four types were identified in this study.

The large number of bank customers may sometimes be misinterpreted as loyalty because in many cases the accounts inactive and the customers are not much willing to go to the banks. In the current situation, the main challenge for managers is the constant changes of the expectations and needs of banks' customers, where traditional marketing paradigm is no longer responsive. Accordingly, by emphasizing on the various dimensions of the customer experience and identifying the relevant key factors, one can provide sufficient insight for the bank's management to the key factors needed to succeed in the customer experience. It should be noted that the main gap, currently, exists in the research literature is the gap between the academic field and the implementation on the topic of customer experience. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to present a model of customer experience through organization manageable factors in the micro banking industry considering an interpretive structural equation approach.

In this regard, a mixed research design was applied and 68 micro-banking clients were studied through in-depth and focus group interviews. Experts’ opinions and Fuzzy Delphi method were used to analyze the data. In order to confirm the research pattern and to assure the fitness and sustainability of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis model was used. Moreover, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among 400 clients of micro banking industry. Finally, interpretive structural equation (ISM) method was used to explain the model, and the expert survey revealed the relationship between the factors that constitute the customer experience and their respective levels.

Out of the 70 dimensions mentioned in customer experience, 37 items were rejected and a total of 33 items were accepted as the main dimensions by experts. Due to the removal of subcategories, the main categories of “physical enclosures” and “service exposures” were completely removed. According to experts’ opinions, the sub-categories of price, security and services have been combined and named as service categories. Other customers were combined with the main social environment category and the social environment category was further classified into three sub-categories. Finally, nine main categories shaping the customer experience in the micro banking industry were extracted along with the thirty three sub-categories. These dimensions were identified at six levels as the outputs of the model and their relationship to each other was determined.

The extracted model in this study reflects the effective dimensions on customer experience in the micro banking industry. According to the theory of consumer culture, cultural aspects should be considered in consumption research. Banks can put into action the issue of customer experience management in the light of the dimensions of this research. The service categories with six main sub-categories occupy the largest part in this model. The sub-categories related to costs, security and services are the areas where banks can manage their customers to create a better customer experience. In previous models of customer experience, hidden costs were not taken into account in the models. The category of “employees” with four main sub-categories is among the influential aspects of the customer experience in the micro banking industry where banks can manage this sector through coherent HR planning. Another major issue is the extraordinary experience that was not addressed in previous models. Because of the equity in the banking industry, it is difficult for banks to create an extraordinary experience. Therefore, planning for the four sub-categories of this sector including surprise, distinction, rewards and value-added services for bank managers is essential. In the context of the proposal for future research, it should be noted that the issue of customer experience has been raised as a new topic in the field of marketing for Iranian organizations. Related topics such as customer experience management and measuring customer experience should be addressed in future research. Given that ​customer experience is among the hot topics in the coming years, it is therefore essential for organizations to pursue this issue in pursuit of customer experience management models and customer experience measurement models, and ultimately to obtain the expected outputs from customer experience.

This research aims to investigate the service delivery bottlenecks of a listed Bank’s customers via main service channels of branches, internet banking, and mobile banking. Authors used the new approach of customer journey experience. First they conducted 10 semi-structured interviews with sample branch heads. Using systematically coding and qualitative content analysis (Thematic Analysis Method), 9 main steps for retail customers showed up. Then, by designing worksheets for recording customer experiences, 20 structured interviews have been done with sample customers. Using qualitative content analysis and combining data from both the internal and the external sources, customer journey maps including the main steps, the interactions among each step, the must-have and could have expectations and their positive and negative experiences have been depicted and analyzed. Finally, to conclude and summarize the results, 18 bottlenecks for branch channel, 9 bottlenecks for internet banking and 10 bottlenecks for mobile banking have been introduced.

The use of technology acceptance models is a way to understand the users' attitude towards new technologies. The present study aimed to investigate drivers affecting the customers' behavioral intention to use blockchain capabilities as a financial instrument using a combination of several technology acceptance models to determine what factors encouraged users to use blockchain capabilities as a financial instrument. Therefore, determinants of the behavioral intention to use blockchain capabilities as a financial instrument were first explored by the literature review, and then the structural equation model was built according to this basis. Results of data analysis indicated that the personal propensity to trust and structural assurance beliefs directly affected the initial trust that in turn, affected the users' behavioral intention. On the other hand, task and technology characteristics directly affected the task-technology fit that in turn, affected the users' behavioral intention. Furthermore, the performance expectancy directly affected the users' behavioral intention. Results of the present research indicated that the intention to use blockchain capabilities as financial instrument came from a social need; and users were keen to use blockchain despite some limitations of this technology.

Policy is a kind of decision which is made in the level of governments, industries and enterprises and it affects a wide-ranging domain. Henceforth, having an efficient policy can influence an extensive part of industry and society. Due to its dynamic nature and high dependence on information technology, policy-making in electronic banking is more important than in other industries. Policy-making in electronic banking has considerable effects on the monetary and banking system of the country. In the recent years, defined policies have had repetitive changes with no stability.
 Therefore, in this paper, we attempt to describe and exploit current situation of policy-making in electronic banking. In this study, the purpose is applied, the methodology is qualitative, the research method is  Grounded Theory,  the type is exploratory-descriptive,  the  time horizon is cross-sectional, its techniques is interview and finally its procedure is  three levels of coding in Grounded Theory. Based on the results, 106 unique codes, 21 concepts and 6 categories were extracted. According to the paradigmatic model, the core category is the inefficiency of policy-making and some root, background and intervening factors have been influential in this inefficiency phenomenon and have resulted in mechanisms and consequences for the banking system of Iran. Finally, to better control the electronic banking it is suggested that central bank be headquarter of monetary and banking system.

Abstract
Most of the studies oncorporate governance that have been conducted thus far are based on Agency Theory and are mainly focused on the structural approach. These studies which are mostly have done by accounting and finance scholars, do not represent  the board members real behavior and interactions among the players as well. Therefore, the board decision-making processes has remained a black box for those researchers specializing strategy and organizational behavior. This study aims to systematically review the corporate governance  researches  that have been particularly focused on organizational behavior perspective.  The research question is what scholars have published so far on theory and methods in this area of study? We used a systematic literature review applying a qualitative Meta-synthesis approach. We found 140 articles from which 78 articles with average JIF score 4.34, were selected. From coding process we recorded 1404 descriptive and 337 content analysis codes which revealed 28 theories that have been classified in three categories of “Board Role Theories”, “General Theories” and “Social Psychological Theories”. Findings show that until now most of the studies are based on the Agency Theory, using  quantitative  data with cross-sectional research design unable to perfectly explore the processes and dynamics of board meetings. Based on the findings , in order to better understand the processes and dynamics of board members behavior, we suggest that researchers consider mixed research designs  and  collect  primary data from interviews, and direct observations, instead of relying on archival data that comes out  from securities market databases.

Compensation is the most important part of the employment relationship and is, of course, one of the heaviest costs of any organization. Human resource managers as well as management theorists have always sought to answer the question of how compensation for services affects people's performance. This research has been conducted to explain the relationship between service compensation and individual performance in response to this fundamental question.
This research was carried out using hierarchical regression method - based on real salary information. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 1950 employees of Mellat Bank throughout the country.
The results of this study indicate that the effects of pay for performance on employee performance are higher than fixed payments. In addition, self-success and the expectation of receiving rewards in the relationship between performance-based pay and individual performance play a moderating role. Also, based on the results of hierarchical regression, the mediating role of internal motivation in the relationship between payment and individual performance was not confirmed.
The relationship between payment and performance is positive and significant, and the effect of pay for performance on individual performance is more than base-pay. Self-efficacy also has a moderating role in the relationship between performance pay and individual performance. This is a major consequence of the pay structure of the banking industry in Iran (and of course most of the Iranian organizations).

Considering the lack of attention to the appropriate patterns for implementing the Law for Usury (Interest) Free Banking in Iran, as well as a better understanding of the dimensions and components affecting the establishment of Interest free banking and the relationships between them, the main objective of this research is to provide a model for the establishing the interest Free banking. In this regard, the paper works on a hybrid approach and using the mixed research methodology to identify and extract the most important dimensions and components affecting the implementation of free interest banking and examine the relationships between them in an operational model. The initial dimensions of interest-free banking including 9 dimensions (the results of qualitative data) and the final model of the interest-free banking (the results of quantitative data) consisted of 12 main dimensions. Some of the most important of these are the strategic infrastructure; the jurisprudential council and the religious supervision and the process and mechanisms for the implementation of the Islamic contracts. Also, these dimensions, based on the modeling of the influential factors emphasized in strategy implementation models, are categorized into four main axes: Contextual, Structural, Process, and Behavioral variables. Also, based on the levels of influence, each of these variables in the model is presented at three levels of governance, system, and operation.