alireza babaei mazreno

 The purpose of this study was the effect of a selected strength training course on interleukin 6 levels of active and inactive students. The current research is semi-experimental.

 The statistical population includes all students Islamic Azad University of Kerman. Among the volunteers, 12 female physical education students were selected as active students and 12 non-physical education female students who do not do any sports activities daily were selected as inactive students. In order to investigate the effect of strength training , they started a 6-week training program . Using the Kolmo-Smirnov ( KS ) test, all variables The studied subjects were evaluated in the studied groups to measure the normality of the distributions and homogeneity of the variances, and the correlated t test was used to compare the researched variables among the groups.

 In general, the results of the study showed that the average IL-6 index , in both active and inactive groups, decreased due to selected resistance exercises . Also , the effect of selected strength training It is significant on interleukin 6 levels in both groups of active and inactive students. Also, there is a significant difference between the effect of selected strength exercises on interleukin 6 levels of active and inactive students.

 According to the results of the research on the lowering of interleukin-6 levels as a risk factor and considering the low level of physical activity in inactive people, which will increase the potential of diseases in these people, selected exercises The strength of the present study is recommended in order to improve people's lives and physical health.

 Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most serious complications of Retina microvascular disorder, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on changes in serum regressive stimulating factors and retinopathy progression in diabetic patients.

 24 men with type 2 diabetes without retinopathy symptoms were selected purposefully and randomly divided into two groups of 12 experimental controls. The experimental group performed 6 months of resistance training, three sessions per week with 65% intensity and 5% overload after all 6 sessions. Before and after 6 months, growth factor concentrations of vascular endothelium, nitric oxide and fasting blood sugar were measured and recorded, and finally the data were analyzed using correlated t-test, independent t and chi square. The meaning level was less than 0.05.

 Comparison of pre-test and post-test changes between the control and experimental groups showed that no (P=.001) and VEGF (P=.001) of the subjects after 6 months of resistance training had a significant difference with the control group, but there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups.

 A period of resistance training can increase growth factor derived from endothelium and plasma nitric oxide in diabetic patients and it may be hypothesized that exercise, in addition to controlling diabetes through increasing these factors, may also be effective in preventing retinopathy.

As the global population ages, maintaining health and functionality in older adults has become a key public health priority. Exercise is widely recognized as a powerful intervention to enhance physical and mental health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and improve the quality of life in older adults. Among the various types of physical activity, aerobic and resistance exercises are two of the most frequently recommended for elderly populations. This article provides a detailed comparison of these two forms of exercise, examining their effects on cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal integrity, cognitive function, metabolic health, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life in older adults.

The rate of postural abnormalities, particularly among young individuals, is increasing. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the correlations of postural abnormalities, height, weight, and BMI with the level of physical activity in students. This descriptive correlational field study, included 2001 sixth-grade students from Yazd province (1000 boys and 1001 girls) who were randomly selected through cluster sampling based on the Morgan table. To conduct the study, the necessary data were collected through a questionnaire (to gather the participants’ anthropometric information, such as age, height, weight, gender, and the prevalence of postural abnormalities, including forward head posture, kyphosis, lordosis, torticollis, knock knees, bow legs, flat feet, crooked big toe, asymmetrical pelvis, scoliosis, drooping shoulders, elevated shoulders, and internally rotated shoulders) and a measurement registration form (sample questionnaires are provided in the appendix). A positive correlation was revealed between weight and winged scapula, bow legs, and internally rotated shoulders, and lumbar lordosis was negatively correlated with weight and knock knees, and flat feet (p < 0.01). Hyperlordosis was positively correlated with height and winged scapula (p < 0.01), and internally rotated shoulders (p < 0.05). Additionally, a negative correlation was found between the level of physical activity and winged scapula, knock knees, bow legs, flat feet, internally rotated shoulders, and lumbar lordosis (p < 0.01). Based on the findings of this study, physical education teachers should introduce students to various exercises and stretches necessary for correcting these abnormalities alongside regular physical activities.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of advertising in attracting customers to educational sports gyms in Yazd Province. This descriptive research surveyed 3,000 gym members, from which a sample of 240 respondents was selected. Data collection was carried out using Moradi’s (2012) customer attraction questionnaire and Niknam’s (2013) advertising role questionnaire. During the distribution and completion of the questionnaires, the researcher was present to explain the study’s purpose and importance, ensuring that the respondents answered appropriately. After collecting 240 completed questionnaires, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21), with a significance level of less than 0.05. Findings indicate that an increase in mass media advertising leads to greater customer interest in educational sports facilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended that sports facility managers regularly evaluate the impact of mass media promotions to effectively attract customers.

This study investigated the achievement of cognitive goals of physical education in high school students of Yazd city. The research was a field study with a descriptive method. The instrument for measuring the research variables was a four-option researcher-made test on scientific topics in the field of physical education. The content validity of the instrument was confirmed by the opinions of experts. The reliability estimate of the instrument was calculated by applying it to 40 students and using Cronbach's alpha and split-half (odd and even) methods, which were 0.81 and 0.89, respectively. The population consisted of 39387 high school male students in Yazd, and a sample of 380 students (200 junior high school students and 180 senior high school students) was selected based on the Morgan-Kerejcie table. The results showed that the cognitive goals of physical education were not achieved in high school male students. Therefore, it is suggested that trained teachers should pay more attention to the cognitive goals, and have a special interest in introducing students to the cognitive (knowledge) content of physical education

The way of life for the current century has produced manifestations such as anxiety, worry and fear, therefore this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of running and playing football on the level of social anxiety of male students.

In this semi-experimental research that was conducted in the field, 20 male students aged 16 to 18 years, whose anxiety level was less than 10 using the Kettle test, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of football practice and running. . The subjects ran and played football for 8 weeks and their anxiety level were measured again. In order to describe the demographic characteristics of the research, descriptive statistics were used, and in order to analyze inferential statistics, correlation t and analysis of covariance were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.

The mean and standard deviation of the anxiety score in the pre-test and post-test stages in the running group were 5.5 ± 2.66, 3.75 ± 2.38 and in the football game group 5.6 ± 2.42, 2.39 respectively. It was ± 4.55. The results showed that an eight-week training period of running and playing football has reduced the level of students' anxiety. Also, running caused a greater decrease in anxiety than the football training group (p≤0.01). The results showed that running and playing football significantly reduce anxiety symptoms.

The mechanisms through which exercise produces these effects probably involve a combination of biological and psychological factors. Physical activity may also be beneficial in reducing symptoms of comorbid mental illnesses and the risk of physical health complications over time. Promoting physical activity can be a way to prevent or treat anxiety disorders with a wide range of benefits. However, before these approaches can be fully implemented in mental health services, further research will be necessary to address important gaps in the background literature.

The aim of the current research was the effect of 8 weeks of increasing resistance training and a period of non-training after that on the left ventricular LVEVD index of sedentary women.

In this semi-experimental research that was conducted in a field-laboratory manner, 32 sedentary women who were able to regularly participate in the exercise protocol were selected by simple random sampling and randomly divided into 2 groups: 1- Resistance exercise group (16 people ), 2- control group (16 people). In the present study, before the implementation of the training program, all the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and structural and functional indicators of the left ventricle of the subjects were measured and recorded in three stages under the same conditions. Variable left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), by a cardiologist with echocardiography using M-Mode, Spectral Doppler, Color Doppler (2-D) methods and in a special echocardiography room in 3 stages (before exercise, after the end of 8 weeks The resistance training program was measured after 4 weeks of non-training after training. It was also measured before echocardiography. All training programs including 3 training days per week and every day for 90 minutes were implemented in the sports hall of Azad University, Yazd branch. This program was implemented for 8 weeks from low to high intensity, taking into account the principle of overload and increasing the intensity of training.

the results showed that eight weeks of increasing resistance training was significant on the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) of sedentary women

Increasing resistance training reduced the positive effects of increasing resistance training on the left ventricular end-diastolic volume.

In this research, we investigated the role of conscious control propensity in determining the effects of attentional foci on performance and learning of basketball accuracy pass in children (10-12 years old).

To determine the children’s conscious control propensity, the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale was used. Seventy-two children in two high and low conscious control groups that each group divided to three sub-groups (internal, external, and control) entered the acquisition and transfer and retention tests in the basketball accuracy pass task.

The results showed that during the acquisition period, low and high conscious control propensity did not have any effect. Though there was a significant interaction between conscious control propensity and attentional foci in transfer and retention tests, but the main effects were not significant.

Based on these results, children's motor learning is more effective when the instructions for attentional foci suited their natural tendencies.

The effect of an elite training on body composition and Cardio respiratory function of kayaks.The primary aim of this study was the determination of the effect of an elite training program on body composition and Cardio program on body composition and Cardio respiratory function of kayaks. The sample consist of 12 elite kayaks (6 male and 6 female who were national kayaking team, of Islamic republic of Iran. The exercise program maintenance of 2 times endurance exercise and 3 times resistance exercise per week during a short period of practice (8weeks) on female and male separated. The raw data were statistically (mean, standard deviation, t test) analyzed. The training program has an effect on index of body weight, percent body fat, body fat masand maximal oxygen uptake of kayaks and there is a sign between the mean number of pretest and post test.Discussion conclusion the trainers can help athletes to be fit by regular endurance and resistance exercise and controlling body composition amid maximal oxygen uptake.Key words: Body Composition,Cardiorespiratory endurance,Estimated,Elite rowers

The purpose of the present research is the effect eight week exercise resistance increasing and one period lack of practice so from it on Indicators FS % , RWT the ventricle left in women low It was mobility. The research method was a semi-experimental research that was conducted in a field-laboratory manner. Number 32 person of women Sedentary people who were able to regularly participate in the exercise protocol and criteria for entering the research were randomly selected to the face random in two group : 1- Practice resistant ( 16 people ) , 2- control ( 16 people ) were placed. Anthropometric characteristics, body composition and structural indices and percentage of left ventricular muscle fiber shortening ( FS % ), relative thickness of the left ventricular wall ( RWT ) They were measured with an echocardiography device in three stages (before the start of training, at the end of 8 weeks of training and at the end of 4 weeks of non-training) using standard tools and echocardiography device. The training protocol was implemented for 12 weeks, which included 8 weeks of training program with three sessions per week and 4 weeks of non-training after that. Collected data using statistical tests Independent t , analysis of variance with repeated measurements at the significance level of p > 0.05 were analyzed with SPSS 21 software .

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are the first victims of emotional, behavioral and educational neglect, so the treatment of these children is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of a course of Bray tonic exercises on improving confrontational disobedience and anxiety in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention was designed and implemented.

In this semi-experimental research, 40 female students aged 8 to 10 with coping behavior disorder were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (20 people) and control group (20 people). The mean score of confrontational anxiety and disobedience was measured before and after 8 weeks of Bray tonic exercises, and finally the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as analysis of variance using version 21 of Spss software.

The mean and standard deviation of anxiety before performing Bray tonic exercises in the control and experimental groups were 17.3±15.80, 21.2±10.98 and after performing Bray tonic exercises in the control and experimental groups, respectively, 30±3.18. 18.4±35.39, 18.17, as well as the mean and standard deviation of oppositional disobedience before performing Bray tonic exercises in the control and experimental groups, respectively, 7.40±1.23, 8.15±745, and after performing Bray tonic exercises. In the control and experimental groups, it was 7.20±1.28, 7.20±1.95, respectively. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the amount of confrontational disobedience and anxiety of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder before and after a period of Bray tonic exercises (p≤/05).

The results of this study showed that a course of Bray tonic exercises can improve confrontational disobedience and anxiety in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Considering the need of athletes to reach normal conditions and prepare for the next activities, the methods of removing lactic acid and reducing the heart rate are very important. The need of athletes to recover and to prepare for the next activities, methods of disposal lactic acid are important.

The purpose of this study was to compare of active and passive recovery after one exhausting exercise (Bruce) in blood lactate and heart rate in male runners. 26 healthy elite men were selected and then randomly divided in two groups of 12 men in active and 14 men in passive group. Before exercise, lactate acid and heart rate were measured, then each runner performed Bruce test so that he became exhausted completely then immediately and after 10 minutes lactate acid and heart rate measured again and analyzed by repeated measures test (p>. /05).

Results show that lactate acid and heart rate increase significantly immediately after exercise (p<.05). Changes 10 minutes after active and passive recovery decrease than after exercise but still increased significantly than before exercise.

Finding of this study showed that active recovery after an exhaustive training session causes significant

Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom among older adults, significantly impacting their quality of life and functional capacity. The relationship between serotonin and fatigue in aging is complex, involving multiple neurobiological pathways that influence sleep, mood, cognitive function, and energy metabolism. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective management strategies.
This review aims to elucidate the role of serotonin in the development of fatigue in elderly individuals and evaluate potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate this condition.
A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on the neurobiological mechanisms linking serotonin to fatigue, the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and future research directions. Studies were selected based on their relevance to serotonin’s role in aging and fatigue management.
Serotonin plays a critical role in regulating various physiological and psychological functions that impact fatigue. Age-related declines in serotonin synthesis, receptor sensitivity, and transporter function contribute to increased fatigue through disrupted sleep, mood disorders, cognitive decline, and altered energy metabolism. Pharmacological treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), have shown efficacy in alleviating fatigue related to depression and chronic pain. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exercise, sleep hygiene, and dietary modifications, are also effective in managing fatigue. Combining these approaches may offer the best outcomes for elderly patients.
Addressing fatigue in older adults requires a multifaceted approach that integrates both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Personalized treatment plans considering individual patient profiles and preferences can enhance therapeutic efficacy. Future research should focus on exploring novel therapeutic targets within the serotonergic system, developing personalized medicine approaches, and evaluating the long-term impact of combined therapies.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of advertisements and equipment on attracting customers in sports halls of Yazd province. This is a descriptive research, the statistical population of this research was all the customers of the educational sports halls of Yazd province in the number of 3000 people, of which 240 people were selected as available. To measure the data, Moradi's 1392 customer attraction questionnaire, the advertising role questionnaire (Niknam, 1392) was used. During the distribution and completion of the questionnaire by the respondents, the researcher was present and made it possible to give the necessary explanations to the respondents regarding the purpose of the research, its importance in the way of answering the questions, after completing and returning 240 questionnaires, the results It was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as (regression). Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 21 and at an error level of less than 0.05. Finally, the results showed that advertising plays a significant role in attracting customers in sports halls of Yazd province.

The purpose of this research was to compare the attitude of parents, sports teachers and students towards physical education. The method of this research was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population included students, parents and physical education teachers of Yazd province. From this society, 240 students and 240 of their parents were randomly selected using the Kargesi and Morgan table and 17 of the physical education teachers were selected as a statistical sample, and 240 questionnaires between students and their parents and 18 questionnaires between Male sports teachers were distributed. It should be noted that the content validity of the tool was calculated by a group of experts and its reliability was also calculated in a research study. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as chi-square and Yeoman-Whitney using SPSS software version 21. The findings of the research showed that there was a significant difference between the attitudes of parents, male sports teachers, and male high school students towards physical education lessons (p≤0.05). Therefore, by providing sports programs for parents and students, their attitude towards physical education can be improved so that they also have the necessary support for better implementation of physical education lesson plans.

Central fatigue is the most important factor in a person's inability to functionbetter, especially in short periods of time, high intensity exercises normally limit athlete performance and delay the desired result. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fluoxetine consumption (serotonin reuptake inhibitor) when reaching fatigue in elite male basketball players. In this study, 24 healthy elite basketball players with mean and standard deviation of age, weight, height and BMI were 21.5±.16 years, 43.7±76 kg, 28.3±80 cm and 16.1±81.19 kg/m2 participated purposefully and voluntarily.  All the subjects completed and signed the consent form of participation in the study, then were randomly assigned to two groups of 12 people. Six hours before the exercise, one group was given 20 mg Fluoxetine capsules and the other group was given a placebo. Also, half an hour before the start of the exercise, 5 ml of blood was taken from the subjects in order to determine the level of lactate and serotonin levels, and then the subjects ran on a carometer bike with 70% maximum oxygen consumption to the head of fatigue and immediately after Bruce test, 5 ml of blood was taken again from all subjects. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test at the level of (p≤0.05) The results showed that the time to achieve fatigue in the group that had taken Fluoxetine was lower than the placebo group and they reached fatigue earlier than the group that had taken the placebo. These results show that there are central parts of fatigue that are regulated and adjusted by serotonergic neuron activity.

Sports competitions create a lot in athletes and sometimes the results of sports competitions are determined as a result of differences in competitions and skills. This creates stress in the agents, which is the stress caused by the athletes. The purpose this study was comparisons between competitive state anxiety in low and high arousal in elite basketball players. The subjects of this study were basketball players who participated in basketball competition that disposed on 90-91. Tow of competitions choice T won the competition that the players had high arousal (the players 70% did not guess to win that competition) and the other one with low arousal (the players 70% did not guess to win that competition). 2 hours before each competition begin the subjects completed the SCAT questionnaire and their blood bleeder too. The results of this study shown that the competitive state anxiety in high arousal was high and in low arousal was low, in tow ways SCAT and cortisol tests (p<0/05) and with a comparison between SCAT and cortisol tests, the results shown that there were not any significant differences between SCAT and cortisol tests.

Monitoring body fat and controlling it is an important factor in checking people's health and efficiency. This factor is especially important in students because physical fitness plays a key role in better performance and health of their body and mind, therefore, this article was conducted with the aim of relating the thickness of skin folds in different areas of the body in male students. In this study, 120 male students aged 19 to 24 years of Isfahan University were randomly selected and the fat thickness of the octagonal points of their body was measured 3 times using a Seka caliper with an accuracy of 0.1 and the results were measured using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson's correlation coefficient. It was analyzed with version 21 of spss software. Mean and standard deviation of subscapular fat (14.95±5.5), forearm fat (6.13±2.9), back arm fat (11.92±5.04), breast fat (9.9) 9.6±3), belly fat (19.4±8.8), extra-specific fat (14.7±8.9), thigh fat (16.5±6.7), leg fat (6 It was 11.4±5.00, so there was a high correlation between the thoracic region with the subscapular and abdominal regions (82%) and (80%) and on the other hand, the abdominal region had a high correlation with the supraclavicular region (78%). Also, there is a high correlation between the back of the arm and forearm and thigh (83%) and (84%) and between the leg and thigh (85%) (p<0.01). The results of this study show that body composition can be evaluated in the measurement with a smaller number of positions.

Continuous participation in physical and sports activities based on the process of learning and social interaction plays a role in the acquisition of personality traits. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to compare the personality characteristics of female athletes with non-athletes.

This descriptive-survey research involved 200 female athletes and 200 non-athletes who were randomly selected. A 16-item personality questionnaire was distributed among them, and after collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent samples t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS version 21.

The results indicated significant differences between female athletes and non-athletes in personality factors warmth (A), emotional stability (C), sensitivity (I), apprehension (O), perfectionism (Q3) and tension (Q4).

Considering the research findings, sports activities create situations that enhance individuals' mastery over their psychological characteristics, including positive personality traits.

Ebola is a viral infection with a high mortality risk and health workers are considered as an at-risk group. The main aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of health workers about Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Yazd city, Iran. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 110 health workers in health centres of Yazd city, Iran in 2015, who were selected by cluster random sampling method. The tool for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information as well as knowledge and attitude questions about EVD with confirmed validity and reliability. Data were analysed by statistical tests of Student’s T-test, Chi-square, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean score of the participants' knowledge and attitude were 25.16± 3.58 (range 0-46) and 46.59±4.05 (range 13-65), respectively. More than half of the health workers did not know transmission routes of EVD. However, 59.6% of them were aware that the one way to prevent the disease was to avoid contact with an infected person. A significant correlation was also found between knowledge and attitude scores (P< 0.001, r= 0.384). Since knowledge of the health workers was at the moderate level, training courses and interventional programs are recommended for health care workers especially about transmission routes and signs of EVD to increase the Knowledge and attitude of the participants.

The prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age. Increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) involves in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic vascular complications, and heart failure. The present study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training on plasma hydrogen peroxide level of ageing women.
Twenty-four postmenopausal women (mean age = 67.37 ± 6.02, height = 153.02 ± 8.12, weight = 65.78 ± 12.03, BMI = 26.87 ± 4.16, body fat% = 18.61 ± 3.65, and WHR = 0.92 ± 0.4) were purposefully chosen and randomly divided into control and experimental groups each consisted of 12 subjects. Experimental group did resistance training for eight weeks as follows: three sessions per week with 40% to 65% intensity of a maximum repetition and 5% overload after each 6 sessions. Before and after 8 weeks of training, resting levels of hydrogen peroxide was measured and recorded. Data were analyzed by paired- samples t-test.
A statistically significant decrease observed in plasma H2O2 level (p= 0.041) and also weight (p= 0.048), body fat percent (p= 0.001), WHR (p= 0.037), resting- heart- rate (p= 0.021), systolic blood pressure (p= 0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (p= 0.002) of participants in experimental group but there were not any statistically different in any of the variables, pre and post-test in control group.
Resistance training may be used as an intervention program for cardiovascular risk factors reduction.

Stumbling or falling is a major health problem among the elderly which accounts for their majority of physical injuries such as pelvic fractures, disability, loss of independency and even death. The goal of the study was comparison of the effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on static and dynamic balance in old men. A quasi-experimental study was conducted and thirty elderly males, who were referred to Jahandidegan institute of Borujen, were divided randomly in three empirical groups subdividing aerobic, resistance and control group. 24 hours before the start of and 24 hours after completion of eight weeks -aerobic and resistance exercise, all participants went under static and dynamic balance examination. The results were analysed by SPSS software edition 19. Mean and standard deviation of dynamic balance scores before the exercise for the resistance, aerobic and control groups were 1017.6±212.7, 930.5±238.2, 1119.6±287.3 and after eight weeks exercise were 851.7±155.5, 743.4±130.1, 1220.06±226.9 respectively. On the other hand, Mean and standard deviation of static balance scores before the exercise in resistance, aerobic and control groups were 2280.3±2286.2, 3534.9±4455.4, 1284.1±231.4 and after eight weeks exercise were 5563.4±8014.6, 6089±7888.4, 1297.1±214.4 respectively. ANOVA test revealed that the difference in changes of three groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Despite marginal correlation between static and dynamic balance as the outcomes of aerobic and resistant exercise these activities are proposed because such the exercises reduce incidence of falling events and related-injuries; and also risk of independency among older adults.

The aim of this research was to compare active and passive recovery after a session of intense exhaustive training on the level of serotonin in the serum of the runners. In this semi-experimental study, 26 male elite runners were randomly assigned to two groups of active(n=12) and passive(n=14) recovery. Half an hour before the start of the training, 5 ml blood was drawn from the sample and then each subject was tested starting training on treadmill for Bruce test until reaching exhaustion. Immediately and then 10 minutes after the Bruce test, 5 ml of blood was drawn again for measuring serotonin. Results and  The mean of serotonin in three steps of before, immediately after and 10 minutes after recovery were respectively 360.83 ± 250.05, 459.67±302.13, 514.5±440.48 ng/ml in the active recovery group and 141.26 ± 92.41, 241.04 ± 104.78, 214.34 ± 120.03 ng/ml in the passive recovery group. There was a significant difference between the amount of serotonin after recovery compared to that of before. However, the type of recovery program after that had no effect on the serum serotonin of the blood of the runners.