فهرست مطالب alireza zare

The study is to document the empirical knowledge of sports managers: a macro approach to economic development in sports in Iran. The research method was a qualitative case study and the participants were sports directors of the country. Using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 13 people) were selected to identify the framework of the economic development model and interviewed. The tool used to identify the factors of the economic development model, interview It was semi-structured (with focus groups) and studied documents. To ensure the validity and reliability of the study, the Lincoln and Guba evaluation methods were used. The paradigm model of this research was designed based on the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin. Sports facilities, outsourcing to sports institutions, outsourcing to sports institutions and the development of sports block chains that can affect economic development were identified as causal categories: development of sports infrastructure, development of tourism Sports, transmitting players and coaches to host sporting events, international aid, international law and the popularity of sport are the main underlying factors, and two categories of sanctions factors and factors of lack of economic open space are considered as intervening categories. Taken so pay attention to hospitalization In order to implement sports infrastructure, sports tourism development, transfer of players and coaches to host sports events, international aid, international law and the popularity of sports can provide conditions for economic development in sports.

The formation of cryptocurrencies in late 2008 led to widespread developments in world trade. Cryptocurrencies are a form of digital currency on blockchain and encrypted and that's why they have many disadvantages and benefits that distinguish them from other virtual money and traditional money. The nature of cryptocurrencies has led the international organizations as well as Iran and other countries to adopt different approaches to cryptocurrencies in recent years. The popularity and value of the cryptocurrencies are increasing day by day, and today there are few people who do not know the cryptocurrencies, for this reason, a transparent approach from governments should be adopted and a comprehensive law must be adopted to be able to use the cryptocurrencies in the best way and by recognizing their shortcomings, prevent possible damage to the economy and security of the country. It is necessary and essential to study this issue in view of the imposition of the United States of America sanctions on our country and the increasing expansion of these sanctions and the resulting economic problems because cryptocurrencies have certain features and advantages that can be used as a way to pay and transfer internationally and even domestic payments in these situations. This article tries to answer the following main question: What is the position of cryptocurrencies in world trade? And also, these questions are to be answered: What are the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrencies? What is the approach of international organizations and Iran regarding cryptocurrencies?

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of physical pride, body shame, and social influence on women's body monitoring and sport participation with a structural equation approach.
The statistical population of the study consisted of women in Tehran province. Based on an optimal sample size of 281 acceptable samples were collected on social media. The McKinley and Hyde (199) questionnaire, the Hang et al. (2011) questionnaire, and the modified physical activity questionnaire were the measuring tools.
External model evaluation confirmed the research instrument. The results of fitting the internal model also showed the fit of the internal model. The results of fitting the internal model also showed the fit of an internal model. Results showed that body shame (0.52), physical pride (0.25), and social influence (0.15), finally, bodybuilding had a positive and significant effect on sport participation of women (0.46).
Finally, more attention to body monitoring in women leads to a higher level of athletic participation. Engaging in sports can be a factor in the strengthening of monitoring bodies such as reducing the shame of the body, and increasing pride in the physical and social influence among women, which is a sign of social and mental health of women has it.

Today, the Iranian government is in greater need of tax revenues due to economic sanctions and declining sales of underground resources. But tax evasion and tax evasion is one of the obstacles that has challenged most countries, including Iran, in collecting real taxes. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the state of taxation and taxation and the factors that play a role in its occurrence, with a qualitative approach and the method of grounded theory. In this way, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 financial managers of large manufacturing companies and 7 experts of the General Department of Taxation of Yazd Province. Simultaneously with data collection, their analysis was followed through three processes of open, axial and selective coding. The results of this study show that the tax staff and taxpayers have become alienated from the ideal tax and voluntary taxation at the theoretical and practical level. As a result of their actions and other conditions, the credibility of the organization and the value and meaning of taxation are questioned and the inverse tax-inverse taxation inversion is represented. But through strategies such as culture-building at the objective and mental levels, we can see the deconstruction of the organization's credibility and the taxpayers' trust and motivation for voluntary and committed taxation.

As a source of government revenue for the provision of various social, welfare, and cultural services, taxes have a long history. With regard to their role in the economic and social developments of societies despite the lack of desirable and a voluntary tax payment behavior, it is necessary to identify the social contexts of tax payment so as to encourage trust and public participation in this process. Thus, this study aimed to explore the social contexts for tax payment behavior and identify the conditions and factors that play a role in increasing or decreasing public trust and participation in it.  

To meet the purpose of the research and achieve a deep understanding of the social context concerning this issue, an interpretive paradigm and qualitative approach was employed based on the grounded theory. The theoretical purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The financial managers of production companies in Yazd Province in Iran, who had lived experiences of the context and consented to participate in this research, were selected as the target community. 13 managers with different ages and work and management experiences participated in the study. The data obtained from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed as soon as they were collected so as to reveal the relevant ambiguous and sensitive points and obtain the final theory; thus, the researcher could pay more attention to them in the subsequent interviews. Sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. At the open coding stage, the text was analyzed line by line (sometimes word by word) and the annotations and additional explanations were written as comments in the Microsoft Word file in the margins of the interview text and the attached concepts. In the next stage, the obtained concepts and subcategories were reduced to the main categories and the core category was constructed in relation to the main categories and subcategories obtained from the previous two stages based on a fixed comparison technique. Finally, to show the structure and process of the discovery and construction of the core category, a paradigm model was drawn up, which consisted of 5 sections: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, axial phenomenon, strategies, and consequences. Throughout the process, we adhered to the ethics and scientific principles by maintaining confidentiality of the information and using nicknames for the participants, besides observing other ethical considerations, such as participant’s consent and non-manipulation of data. 

The research findings indicated 29 main categories and one core category entitled "tax value inversion". Based on this paradigm model, the evidence from the participants' narratives and theoretical design of the research was presented. The research results demonstrated the formation of axial phenomenon called "tax evasion/compulsory taxation". In this way, the actors were faced by a situation that involved coercion and mutual distrust, especially institutional distrust. Accordingly, they were reluctant to pay taxes and even avoided paying them. They made various justifications and excuses to legitimize their tax evasion, resulting in the reduced amount of the paid taxes. However, once they failed in their tax evasion, they were forced by the tax officers to pay them. In general, it could be said that a number of micro and especially macro factors played a role in directing either a voluntary or evasive tax behavior. Both cultural factors, such as a weak tax culture, taxpayers' misconceptions of the tax system functions, and their intentions, and structural and macro factors, including political, economic, and social conditions, played roles in the voluntary or odd taxpayers' performance. For example, the results indicated that economic anomalies, self-interpretation of laws, lack of transparency of tax laws, and structural corruption played significant roles in the taxpayers' increased dissatisfaction and tendencies to evade taxes. Also, it could be said that one of the excuses and justifications made by the actors and taxpayers for tax evasion was a kind of covert protest against the structural conditions of the society, such as political distrust, social despair in improving the situation, expanded injustice, and lack of transparency in taxation and economy. In fact, taxation has lost its value and meaning and become as an anti-value in tandem with the improper structural conditions of the society, economy, and culture. All these have led to collective/national disorder, reproduction of anomic distrust, and very little development in tax systems.

This study aims to locate the Customer Order Decoupling Point (CODP) based on supply chain typology using Make to Stock (MTS) and Make to Order (MTO) approaches for standard and innovative products in the Bushehr Polymer industry.

Two mathematical models have been proposed that seek to minimize the costs of mass production, customized production, and transportation costs. To solve and simulate the models, MATLAB R2019a software has been used. Then, the indicators and requirements of pulling and pushing production management strategies have been extracted and calculated.

The results indicated that the polymerization stages of the products include six stages: casting, molding, extrusion, bonding, cutting, and forming. Also, findings indicated that the optimal locating of (CODP) for polymer products is in the pushing production area and the cutting and molding stage. The determined optimal location indicated that the producer will have the lowest cost at this location for future production. It was inferred that the (CODP) point is based on the supply chain typology approach in the cutting and mass production area. Considering the nature of the linear model minimization of this research, the total cost index (C) indicated the lowest value in this area. Research

Due to the unique characteristics of the case study, the results of this research cannot be generalized to other industries. The covid-19 pandemic resulted in difficult access to data. The lack of research-related studies was another limitation. It was recommended to examine the position (CODP) in the LARG, sustainable and robust supply chain. Also, it was suggested to perform similar research in other industries and compare the results. Practical implications: Most of the company's products were located in the mass production area or standard products, hence, the company must maintain its profit margin by focusing and relying on this area. On the other hand, it should be noted that in the current economic situation, accepting separate orders outside the normal production conditions, not only does not benefit the company but also leads to the loss of the available resources spent on production lines. The supply chain typology of polymer products outlined that the values of the variables of the studied model in a period of 12 months can be calculated based on the point of separation of the customer order.

This study removes additional and ineffective patterns in the literature and enumerates the necessary indicators to determine the point of CODP. The innovation aspect of this study is the typological approach of the polymer supply chain and identifying its six steps for determining the CODP point to manage cost and time.

Today, with the advancement of science and technology, managers are faced with a huge amount of information that, intentionally or unintentionally, by refining and selecting a set of information encloses managers in the glass fence of information. This causes employees to be insecure and pessimistic about them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of glass fence of management information on organizational cynicism. This study was an applied one, using the descriptive survey research and causal method. The statistical population of this study is all employees of Bank Mellat branches in Isfahan, numbering 420 people. Using simple random sampling, 208 people were selected and a questionnaire was distributed among them. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity and construct validity and its reliability using Cronbach''s alpha indices and composite reliability. In order to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, the structural equation method and Smart PLS software were used. According to the findings of this study, the structural and managerial dimensions affect the information glass fence. In addition, the glass fence of managers'' information has an effect on organizational cynicism. The research results indicate that the glass fence of information causes the managers of the organization to be unaware of many internal events of the organization, which causes distrust and cynicism of employees in the management actions and can cause irreparable damages for their organization and managers.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction on fine and gross manual dexterity, upper limb motor function, shoulder and elbow proprioception, occupational performance, and activities of daily living in chronic stroke survivors.

In this pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial, 24 chronic strokes were enrolled using the non-probability sampling method. Participants were randomly allocated to the control (received routine occupational therapy) and intervention (received upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction using the Kinect) groups. Before and after the interventions (six weeks, three sessions/week, 45 min/session), as well as six weeks after completion of interventions, participants were assessed using the following tools: Box-Block Test, Purdue-Pegboard Test, Wolf-Motor Function Test, Action Research Arm Test, Manual Ability Measure-16, Grip Dynamometer, Shoulder Position Sense Test (SPST), Elbow Position Sense Test (EPST), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Shah-Barthel Index (SH-BI), and Multi-dimensional Fatigue Inventory. This project was carried out in the rehabilitation department of Shafa-Yahyaeian Hospital from May 2019 to June 2020.

The results showed a significant improvement in all assessments of both control and intervention groups (P≤0.05), except for SH-BI. Further, the improvement of EPST and SPST scores in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group (P≤0.05). Also, a significant decrease in fatigue severity was observed in both control and intervention groups (P≤0.05). 

These results suggest that upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction in combination with routine occupational therapy could lead to improvement of upper extremity sensory-motor functions and power grip and caused a decrease in fatigue severity in chronic stroke.

The purpose of the present study is to present a model to identify the effects of social environment, free samples, discounts and shopping habits on promoting sales and shopping habits on sport consumption. The study population was all consumers of sporting goods in Tehran. 306 questionnaires were collected by simple random sampling. The Beckville & Michel Questionnaire, 2003 and David Yan et al., 2012 were used as the measurement tools. Face and content validity were evaluated by several sports management professors and PhD students. Reliability, convergent validity, and divergence validity indicated the construct validity of the model. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between free samples, discounts and shopping habits. Also, there was a significant relationship between physical environment, social environment and sales promotion. Finally, there was a significant relationship between sales promotion and shopping habits; Customers in personal sales are the key to success in marketing planning and management under current circumstances

Nowadays, widespread use of automated teller machines (ATMs), has increased the possibility of contamination of hands due to contact with the surfaces of these devices. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolated bacteria from the keyboard of these devices in Sari, north of Iran.

In this descriptive-analytic study, the keyboards of 200 ATMs were sampled by sterile swab and transferred to the laboratory. The samples were inoculated in TSB medium and, after 24 hours of incubation at 37 ° C, were cultured on specific solid media and incubated. Then, the isolated bacteria were identified and their antibiotic resistance pattern was examined by disk agar diffusion method.

Bacterial contamination was observed in 97% of the samples. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent identified bacteria (36.08%), while Bacillus cereus was the least frequent bacteria (1.54%). K. pneumoniae showed a high resistance rate against Tetracycline (91.42%) and a low resistance rate towards Imipenem (2.85%).

Regular disinfection of ATM keyboards has a significant role in reducing and controlling bacterial contamination. Also, due to increased antibiotic resistance of isolated bacteria, it is possible to combat this problem by precise monitoring on the performance of antimicrobial stewardship programs.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of field data collection. The statistical population of this study includes experts in sport management and marketing. Using targeted sampling and theoretical saturation techniques, key informants (including 14 experts in the field of sport In this study, as can be seen, none of the factors were included in the autonomous variable group, which means that the relevance of outsourcing of commercial advertising in Iranian Premier League clubs is strong and desirable. But elements such as efficient staffing, high advertising skills, increased club flexibility, fan loyalty dimension, new business opportunities, cost-effectiveness, financial and tax dimension, cost control, liberalization were identified. Sources 2 fall into the category of dependent variables, which means that the causes of outsourcing of commercial advertising in the Iranian Premier League clubs have a weak but somewhat high influence. It was also found that indicators such as economic dimension and attraction of supporters, cultural dimension, quality dimension, effectiveness of education, transfer of new technologies, sufficient knowledge, social networking support in advertising, advertising feedback, are classified as independent variables. This means that these indicators have a high influence on the outsourcing of commercial advertising in Iranian Premier League clubs. Finally it was found that the advantage in price, scheduling, reducing costs of stability and variables, existence of credit control system (club reputation), intellectual property,

One of the most important medical issues that are reviewed and judged from the aspect of legal and jurisprudence is the issue of brain death. This category has a number of different issues. Including whether the person with brain death is actually dead? How is the situation in the perception of this person's organ? Is it just to remove equipment from the patient, or is it just the harvesting of the organs of the stuff that causes the definitive death of the person? From the point of view of jurisprudence and law, this issue seems permissible in some cases, and in some cases is prohibited. Since non-dead brain’s organs are of no use to the individual and the harvest of these organs does not harm him, but can save another person's life with the same organs, so in terms of religion and wisdom, this perception and connection to the comment is allowed. However, under the current circumstances, the judicial decree (fatwa) dispute and the lack of clarification of the various aspects of the subject matter have not yet been enacted, and if this legal vacuum persists, it will have severe consequences that will generally be irreparable. If a comprehensive law is passed to prevent this, save the lives of those in need and save on the costs of keeping two sick people (those with brain death and those in need), in cases of abuse of law and silence. Complaints are prevented because of a lack of law.

Today, the historical fabrics of cities are faced with declining values, quality of life and environment in all urban dimensions, while recognizing the values, abilities and potentials of historical contexts can improve and enhance the economic, social, cultural and physical conditions of the city. Therefore, the environmental quality of these tissues, due to the role of people's participation, leads to issues and problems. In this regard, this paper explores the role of tactical urbanization as a new approach in enhancing the environmental quality of urban historical fabrics. This research is a descriptive-analytical and a descriptive-survey research based on the researched components, also it is an applied based on the nature of the research topic and the aims of the research. The statistical population is inhabitants of Eighth district of Shiraz. SPSS software, Friedman test and multivariate regression were used for data analysis.The results indicated that attention to environmental design as a social hangout that can be effective in the presence of people in urban spaces has had the greatest impact on promoting environmental quality and then access to commercial services and environmental design quality in creating space. Leisure has the highest rank. Also, according to the components investigated in the research based on Friedman test, the components of attendance, participation and leisure were ranked, each of which could contribute to the environmental quality of the historical context of Shiraz based on tactical urbanization.

 Today, the historical fabrics of cities are faced with declining values, quality of life and environment in all urban dimensions, while recognizing the values, abilities and potentials of historical contexts can improve and enhance the economic, social, cultural and physical conditions of the city. In this regard, numerous concepts, approaches, approaches and concepts have been proposed to improve the quality and environmental, functional and functional conditions of these contexts, including theoretical areas of environmental quality. On the other hand, considering the role of citizens' participation in revitalizing and enhancing the environmental quality of these textures, effective measures can be taken to address problems such as the inadequacy and inefficiency of urban services in the context, the decline in social security due to insufficient and adequate control and urban services. For residents and citizens in these contexts and so on. Also, in recent decades, tactical urbanization is one of the most innovative and innovative ways of satisfying citizens and benefiting from short-term projects at low cost. In this new approach, the main goal is to meet the needs of citizens in urban spaces through interventions, design and implementation of small-scale projects. Therefore, explaining the role of tactical urbanization as a new approach in enhancing the environmental quality of urban historical contexts is of more importance. Generally, The historical context of Shiraz, now the municipality of Shiraz District 8, now has a structure of approximately 378 hectares consisting of elements such as the Zandieh complex, Ahmadine Mousa Shah Shahragh and its bazaar, as well as the population of the area according to the 2016 Census. It has 75,000 people. Over the past decades, this texture has been degraded by the physical-spatial expansion process of Shiraz, resulting in problems such as access and passages, environmental pollution, lack of leisure facilities, leisure and recreational facilities, lack of green space, etc. And also during this period the attention of city managers and officials on the technical and physical aspects of the city. Therefore, considering the issues and problems of the study area, the question arises how to improve the historical texture of Shiraz city through tactical urbanization? On the other hand, according to the studies done for the purpose of research and reviewing the aforementioned backgrounds, it can be concluded that environmental quality assessment in urban areas has been evaluated from various aspects but providing integrated strategies leading to environmental quality improvement. Historical contexts of cities have not been taken into account with the new approach of tactical urbanization, which simultaneously focuses on improving the environmental quality of historic contexts and tactical urbanization in order to present strategies and strategies as the strength of the present study.

 According to the studied components, the nature of the subject and the aims of the research, the dominant approach in this research is "descriptive-analytical" and "descriptive-survey" and generally the research is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population is inhabitants of Eighth district of Shiraz. The statistical population of the study is 9767 according to the latest census. Sample size was calculated based on Cochran formula of 369 persons. The researcher-made questionnaire was randomly distributed among the statistical population. SPSS software and Friedman test and multivariate regression were used for data analysis.

 To calculate the impact of each of the research variables, the correlation coefficient of each of the components in the research variables was calculated based on Pearson correlation coefficient. The coefficient of determination is 0.789, so the environmental quality indices clearly account for 0.789% of tactical urban change and the remaining 80.01% are related to different factors than the factors under study in the present study. The results of the study of the impact of tactical urbanization on environmental quality promotion show that environmental design attention as a social hangout with an impact factor of 12.3 had the greatest impact on environmental quality promotion. Access to business services with an average of 12.05 was ranked second and the quality of environmental design in the leisure space was ranked third with an impact factor of 11.7. On the other hand, the visual attraction with an impact factor of 3.61 was the lowest. On this basis, it can be said that attendance and leisure component are more important in explaining strategies to improve the environmental quality of the historical context of Shiraz city based on tactical urbanization. As can be seen from the results of this test, among the metrics examined, the presence variable had an average rating of 4.24 in the first rank. Partnership metrics with an average rating of 3.68 rank second in impact. Also, leisure component metrics rank third with an average rating of 3.59.In addition, Friedman test was used to rank the impacts of tactical urban planning measures on environmental quality improvement. As can be seen from the results of this test, among the metrics examined, the presence variable had an average rating of 4.24 in the first rank. Partnership metrics with an average rating of 3.68 rank second in impact. Also, leisure component metrics rank third with an average rating of 3.59.

In today's cities, and especially in the historical contexts of cities, one of the problems that has led to the decline of quality in different contexts is the existence of places that have become inefficient over time due to physical, environmental, economic and social dimensions; In other words, at the time of construction, these facilities had a variety of quality and pleasant amenities, but over time they were transformed into non-quality spaces that lack any amenities. It is also worth noting that the quality of the environment is not merely a quantitative and technical concept, but is associated with qualitative concepts such as quality of life, social activities, spatial dependencies, and so on. Influential components of quality play an important role in citizens' satisfaction in physical, social, economic, visual and environmental environments. So, executive solutions that can be suggested including naming the spaces in the historical context of Shiraz city for the purpose of identity in space; create dynamic and vibrant spaces; Create urban wall with visual beauty; Construct interactive spaces in the historical urban context to create a sense of cooperation among citizens; Use of vibrant and vibrant urban furniture in an urban historical context; Observance of color, facade, materials and architectural style appropriate to the vitality and identity of the texture through the development of criteria related to landscape and landscape in the form of enhancing the quality level of the visual context of the texture; Considering the need for all classes in the historical context of Shiraz; Dedicate programs to encourage citizens to build urban spaces based on social creativity; Provide funding to create interactive spaces based on the needs of residents.

The quality of the urban environment as part of the quality of life is one of the key topics in the field of urban studies that has changed with the rapid growth of cities.Also, considering the environmental quality of historical textures is one of the most important factors in identifying target areas for their intervention. The present study was to explain the factors affecting the elevation of the quality level of historical textures in district 8 of Shiraz where a historical fabrics of Shiraz are. This research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The population of the study is inhabitants of eight districts of Shiraz. The population is 9767 according to the latest census and the sample size is 369 according to Cochran formula. SPSS software, confirmatory factor analysis and Friedman test were used for data analysis. The results of the survey of citizens' satisfaction with the quality of life in the Eight metropolitan area of Shiraz showed that in most of the studied indices, the average resident's satisfaction was lower than the average (3.5).Factor load calculation of research variables, indices using Delphi method and SPSS software also showed that five physical, economic, social, environmental and visual factors have a factor on environmental quality. The calculated factor loadings for most of the above factors were calculated above 6, indicating the high factor loadings of these indices in assessing the environmental quality of Shiraz old tissue.

In order to build middle Asia collection in the Mashhad Botanical Garden, some plants such as Cotoneaster were produced by seed. Cotoneaster nummularioides Pojark fruits were collected from kopet dag highlands mountainous region in northeastern Khorasan Razavi. The seeds were performed on 25 treatments in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study the effect of different chilling and different scarified treatments was investigated. Studied treatments zero (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4 months cold stratification and chemical scarification, including without scarification (control), hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid - Potassium nitrate, sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid - Potassium nitrate. After the end of the treatments, the seeds were sown in a greenhouse in bed of coco peat – perlite. The results showed that there was significant difference (P<0.01) among the studied treatments and sulfuric acid - Potassium nitrate with 4 months cold stratification had had the highest average germination (18.3 percent). In controls, chilling in 1 and 2 and 3 month without scarification and chilling 1 month with scarification treatments; no germination was observed. The problem dormancy Cotoneaster resolved under the combined effects of scratches Shell and cold stratification, As a result, the physical and physiological factors influence the dormancy of this species.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the propensity for superstition among football players in Iran.
It is an applied and field study. Research population included the whole Iran pro league footballers (N=420). The sample size was 203 players selected by Cochran's Q formula. The tool was a structured questionnaire whose validity and reliability were verified. The statistical tests consisted of Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, and multiple regressions using SPSS software.
Results showed that the propensity for superstition generally had average value (average size = 41%). There was significant relationship between indexes of education, marital status, match uncertainty, match result’s importance, pre-game anxiety, ethnicity, and birthplace with the propensity for superstition (p Rise in educational level and match anxiety reduction can significantly influence the reduction of propensity for superstition.

In this article all the effective parameters in response of nonlinear passive viscous systems are investigated. Here, the term response is referred to the maximum inter-story drift and maximum absolute acceleration of the stories. Inter-story drift is known as the structural failure index and maximum absolute acceleration is known as the nonstructural and acceleration sensitive equipment in buildings. Based on the results, the more effective parameters in these systems are initial stiffness and strength of the building, amount of supplemental damping used in the system, stiffness of the braces connecting the dampers to the building and number of the stories. In order to show the effect of each pre-mentioned parameters, many linear and nonlinear passive control systems were analyzed by the time history method. For decreasing the influence of dominant input frequency of the excitation record and also for generalization, two white noise time histories normalized to the 1g were used as the input excitation. The results show that reduction of stiffness and strength are the key parameters in reducing absolute acceleration and also increasing the brace stiffness and supplemental damping are the most effective parameters in reduction of inter-story drift. In other words, if in design of passive control systems, only increasing the damping of the system is considered, the absolute acceleration of the system may be increased and as the result the acceleration sensitive equipment will experience the most failure during the earthquake.

The aim of this present study is to the effective factors on the emergence of office corruption and methods of its control in the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The method of this research is Descriptive-Survey. Statistical population of this study includes personnel of the Ministry of Youth and Sports which are 900 persons based on this ministry’s reports. According to the Morgan Sampling Table, 269 subjects were chosen randomly as the statistical sample. But, 320 questionnaires were distributed and collected to prevent statistical sample drop. Researcher’s questionnaire was used in this research. The validity of this questionnaire was evaluated by content and structure validity and its reliability was investigated by reliability coefficient of Cronbakh’s Alpha. To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Exploratory factor analysis and Friedman test) were used. The results showed that organizational factors with the greatest amount of 88/5 and 40/2 of awareness with the least impact on the incidence of corruption is Audrey. The results show that the control of corruption Which factors most impact the effectiveness of legislation with the amount of 3/63 And management factors - with a 1/42 administrative control of corruption have the least impact on the methods. So according to the effective factors on the emergence of office corruption and methods of its control in the Ministry of Youth and Sports, discussions related to this research are suggested to be considered by the officials.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors effecting career plateau in physical education's faculty members in Iran. A descriptive-survey method was chosen for this study. The statistical population of this research (N=369) included all faculty members in 38 physical education and sport sciences in public universities. Using Cochran's sample size formula, a total of 189 people were randomly selected. In this study, a researcher made questionnaire was used and its face and construct validity were approved by sports management faculty members. Exploratory factor analysis and path analysis were used for data analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that in total 4 factors included about 60 percent of the variances. The results indicated that the biological factors (.512) had the most influence on the creation of faculty members career plateau .Therefore, with respect to the necessity of effective factors on career plateau in physical education faculty members in Iran, it is recommended that subjects related to the biological issues are considered by authorities.

The aim of the present study the influence of mass media on the control of corruption in football. The study population consisted of all players in terms of purpose and working in the Iranian Premier League (420 = N) which uses a simple random sampling and the sample was determined by Cochran (203 = n). A questionnaire to collect data on the impact of the mass media 23 questions in 4 subscales (of culture, of education, of information and of social contributions) and section 15 questions in 4 small techniques to control corruption scale (of the effectiveness of laws, regulatory factors, cultural factors and economic factors and subsistence) was set up and developed. The validity and content validity of construct validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was investigated. Data for the analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient using spss software and structural equation modeling approach was used by AMOS software.The results showed that the mass media with a correlation coefficient 0/812 to control corruption in football and there is a positive correlation. SEM results showed that the mass media with the value of 0/78 and critical ratio (CR) 5/123 impact on the control of corruption in football. The mass media to promote transparency, reduce corruption plays an effective role as an increase in the transparency procedures, increase the participation of citizens and ensure their rights in the management of sports organizations.

This paper aims to study the barriers of using information technology in teaching Physical Education in Deprived areas. In terms of methodology, the study is an applied survey research that was carried out in the form of field study. The population of the study consists of all sport teachers and School administrators in deprived areas that 2034 people of them were chosen as the research sample. The research instrument was a researcher - made questionnaire that its face and structural validity and reliability were evaluated. The result data were analyzed through using statistical methods of exploratory factor analysis and path analysis by SPSS and AMOS software. Factor analysis results showed that, in general, five factors accounted for about 72% of the variances. The results of the present study showed that all of barriers had significant impact on using information technology in teaching Physical Education on Deprived areas. The results showed that Cultural barriers had the highest impact (0.587) on using information technology in teaching Physical Education in Deprived areas. Thus, based on the necessity of information technology development in the educational system,cultural matters is highly recommended being taken in consideration by the authorities and government.

Recently there are studies in developing new methods to increase bacterial adhesion onto polymeric surfaces that are used in biological application such as cell-based biosensors. In this study the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were irradiated using CO2 and KrF excimer pulsed lasers and adhesion behavior of Escherichia coli k-12 (E. coli K-12) bacteria onto the irradiated surfaces was studied in vitro. The changes in the surface properties due to laser irradiation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement. The results showed that laser treatment changes surface morphology and surface hydrophilicity. The number of bacteria that were adhered onto the surfaces was quantitatively investigated by fluorescent staining, microscopic observations and counting through Image Proplus software. The results showed that the number of adhered E. coli K-12 bacteria onto the irradiated surfaces by both CO2 and KrF lasers in comparison with unmodified surfaces was increased.