amir hossein yavari

The size of the clods is of great importance in terms of tillage quality and soil protection and erosion prevention along with the amount of energy consumption in seed bed preparation. The purpose of this study is to measure the draft force required by the rotary plow and mean weight diameter (MWD) due to the independent variables of the forward speed, the rotational speed and the plow cover position in field conditions and training the design expert software of the response surface methodology (RSM) section to predict the unmeasured values and optimize the output variables in order to reduce soil erosion.

Field experiments were conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Each block was divided into 27 plots with a width of 3 meters and a length of 20 meters. The effect of three input variables, including the rotational speed at three levels (150, 200 and 250 rpm), the forward speed of the tractor at three levels (3, 4 and 5 km/h) and the position of the cover at three levels (top, middle and bottom) on the draft force required by the rotary plow and the MWD of soil as dependent variables. The draft force was measured based on the two-tractor test method and the MWD of the soil was measured using sieves with 10, 4, 2.36, 1.4, 1, and 0.5 and 0.18 mm meshes.

The results showed that the effect of forward speed, rotational speed of the plow and the cover position on the draft force and soil fragmentation are significant. The cover position had the greatest effect on the draft force and soil fragmentation. As the bottom position of cover and the forward speed and rotational speed of the plow were adjusted high, the draft force increased. In addition, bottom position of cover, reducing the tractor speed and increasing the rotational speed of the plow, greatly increased the fragmentation and as a result the high soil erosion. The highest draft force in the bottom cover position, the forward speed of 5 km/h and the rotational speed of 250 rpm is 657 newtons and the lowest MWD in the bottom cover position, the forward speed of 3 km/h and the rotational speed of 250 rpm It was obtained in the amount of 5 mm. Also, the results showed that the response surface methodology has a high ability in modeling the darft force of rotary plow (R2=0.96) and soil fragmentation (R2=0.99).

In the studied range, the position of the plow cover had the greatest effect on the darft force and soil fragmentation. The results of the simultaneous optimization of the draft force of 600 newtons and the MWD of 7.5 mm introduced 9 solutions in the studied range, and the best solution represents the optimal point at the forward speed of 4.82 km/hr, the bottom cover position and the rotational speed of 170.2 rpm with a satisfaction of 0.979.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the group therapy and training based on the combined approach of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on impulsive behaviors and schema modes of people with borderline personality disorder. This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population was all the clients of a psychological center in the fall and winter 2023 that 45 people with the diagnosis of BPD were screened through a clinical interview. Due to the withdrawal of some volunteers, the data of 36 people were analyzed in 3 groups of 12 people. The experimental groups underwent 10 intervention sessions. Research instruments included the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the Schema Modes Questionnaire (SMQ). In order to analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that group therapy was effective in the demanding parent mode (P<0.05), but training was not effective (P>0.05). In the angry child mode, detached protector mode, healthy adult mode and impulsive behaviors, both ways were effective (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Both ways were effective in the vulnerable child mode, impulsive child mode, happy child mode and punitive parent mode (P<0.05), but group therapy had more effect than training. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the combined approach of acceptance and commitment with schema therapy, using both group therapy and training methods, is effective for people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, but that group therapy has more advantages for these people.

This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the integrated model of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on the feeling of loneliness and social problem-solving of people with Prolong Grief Disorder. This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the people with Prolong Grief Disorder according to DSM 5-TR criteria and referred to the Acceptance and Commitment Psychological Clinic in Tehran in 2022. From the mentioned population, 20 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 10 people. The subjects of the experimental group were subjected to the integrated model of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy for 10 sessions of 120 minutes once a week. The control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included the loneliness questionnaire of Russell & Cutrona (1980) and the social problem-solving questionnaire of D'zurilla & Nezu (1990). To analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that in the experimental group, the average scores of the post-test compared to the pre-test had changed (P<0.05). From these findings, we can conclude that this method can be an efficient way to work with people with Prolong Grief Disorder.

nowadays, one of the main concerns of governments is to have efficient security devices to increase their development and growth capacity. Therefore, due to its important role in managing the law enforcement and security affairs of the country, the FARAJA Intelligence Organization is considered to be the main pillar of the FARAJA intelligence aristocracy. Therefore, this study has been conducted to investigate strategies to increase the operational capacity of FARAJA Intelligence Organization in covert operations.

The method of the present study is in terms of practical purpose and in terms of implementation method, the quality of in-depth interviews with 15 experts and specialists in the field of operations of the FARAJA Intelligence Organization. After coding and categorization, these interviews were processed for qualitative analysis using MAXQD and LISREL software.

Findings show that 62 strategies to increase the operational capacity of FARAJA in covert operations, identified in the form of seven pivotal indicators and based on the importance of ranking, which were informational and operational. (0.866), skill and technical, infrastructure, educational, personal characteristics, managerial, financial & economic.

In order to increase the operational capacity of the FARAJA Intelligence Organization in covert operations and to be as successful as possible in the mission, it is necessary to pay attention to information and operational, skill and technical, infrastructure, training, personal, managerial, financial and economic characteristics.

During puberty, menstruation is known as an essential phenomenon for most girls.  Menstrual cycle disorders are prevalent in teenage girls (1). Premenstrual syndrome is a common disorder that occurs during menstruation until menopause. It is characterized by physical, mental, and behavioral changes in the luteal phase of women's menstrual cycle. Premenstrual syndrome starts 6-12 days before menstruation and continues until two days after menstruation (3). If this syndrome causes disrupts a person's family, social, and work activities during her life, it is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (4). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder affects approximately 5% of women of reproductive age. Its symptoms include emotional, psychological, behavioral, and physiological changes that occur at the end of the last luteal phase and improve within a week after a period (5). Premenstrual symptoms can cause transitory problems in women, such as impairment in physical function and mental health, as well as severe impairments in occupational functions and social aspects (6). The aim of treating premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoria is to reduce symptoms and improve the performance and quality of life of women suffering from these two disorders. Treatment is divided into drug and non-drug treatments, including diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy knowledge-based on cognition, emotion, and behavior. Therefore, negative and irrational thoughts can cause discomfort and problems in people (7, 9). Cognitive behavioral therapy emphasizes that thinking processes are as important as environmental influences. Therefore, negative and illogical thoughts can cause discomfort and problems in people. For this reason, this educational method aims to correct illogical ideas, ineffective beliefs, misinterpretations, and cognitive errors, provide a feeling of control over life, facilitate constructive self-talk, and strengthen coping skills. Since premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder can lead to long-term behavioral and psychiatric disorders such as mood swings, depression, and anxiety, and changes related to menstruation are considered an essential mediating factor in completed suicide (13, 14), this research aims to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women in the city of Hamedan.

The method used in the present research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and follow-up phase. The study's statistical population included all women aged 18 to 45 in Hamedan, Iran who were referred to obstetrics and gynecology clinics in 2022. The sampling method was purposeful and convenient. Questionnaires were distributed in three large gynecology and obstetrics centers in Hamedan City. Three hundred eighty-four people were selected using Morgan's Sampling Table. After dropping volunteers, 216 participants were selected to complete the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST) questionnaire. Finally, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 people were randomly divided into four separate groups of ten people each for premenstrual syndrome (experimental group n=10 and control group n=10) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (experimental group n=10 and control group n=10). The inclusion criteria included being between the ages of 18 and 45, having regular periods, not taking any special medication, and obtaining the required score based on the cut-off point of the screening questionnaire. Premenstrual symptoms with a score of 19-28 were classified as premenstrual syndrome, and a score higher than 28 was classified as premenstrual dysphoria. Participants who scored between 19 and 28 were placed in the premenstrual syndrome group, and those who scored higher than 28 were assigned to the premenstrual dysphoric disorder group. Exclusion criteria included not wanting to cooperate at any stage of the research and not participating in more than two sessions in the study. The data obtained from statistical methods of univariate covariance analysis were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software.

The results show that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective for women suffering from premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder between 18 and 45 years old in Hamedan city. This section consists of two parts. The first part shows a significant difference between the mean scores of the premenstrual syndrome post-test of the two experimental and control groups (F=8.33, P<0.01). Besides, a significant difference was found between the mean scores of premenstrual syndrome follow-up of the two experimental and control groups (F=28.05, P<0.0001), indicating the durability of the treatment. Therefore, the difference in mean values is significant, and indicatively, cognitive behavioral therapy reduced premenstrual syndrome symptoms. The second part indicates a significant difference between the mean scores of the premenstrual syndrome post-test of the two experimental and control groups (F=9.36, P<0.007). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the premenstrual syndrome follow-up scores of the two experimental and control groups (F=21.97, P<0.0001), indicating the durability of the treatment. Hence, the difference in mean values is significant, and demonstratively, cognitive behavioral therapy reduced premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms.

The results indicate that cognitive behavioral therapy, using implemented strategies and techniques, is effective in reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women. Therefore, this treatment method can be considered a low-risk and safe approach without any side effects. Additionally, considering the duration of the follow-up phase in the present study, it can be said that cognitive behavioral therapy has long-lasting and stable effects over time, making it a promising treatment for women who suffer from future anxiety.

The growing trend of drug distribution and the prevalence and occurrence of addiction in the country has caused the strategies to control the supply of drugs and reduce the demand for drugs to be emphasized in the macro policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Monitoring and monitoring of drug distribution is based on border control measures, identification of transfer routes and drug distribution networks in urban and rural areas of the country. The geographic data of drug distribution indicates the relationship between crime and some social, economic, security and environmental related variables. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the police's anti-narcotics discoveries and its supply, and according to its goals, it is of an applied type.

The research method is a survey that measures the effectiveness of police activities with the researcher's questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this research is 550 people, and due to the limitations of working through the Jersey Morgan software, 139 people are experts and specialists of the Naja Narcotics Police, Fateb Narcotics Bases, Presidential Narcotics Headquarters, and experts from judicial authorities as The sample was selected.

The findings of this research, which were obtained using correlation and regression, show that law enforcement, judicial and informational factors were effective on the supply of narcotics in Tehran, and among these factors, the informational factor was more effective than other factors. .

The results of this research confirm that police factors are 47%, judicial factors are 18%, and informational factors are 58%.

 Although many researches show the negative effects of MS on the lives of patients and many treatments have been carried out in this regard, but the effectiveness of the treatments is still challenging. Therefore, the aim of present study was to study the effect of psychotherapy based on the explanatory model of depression in MS patients on quality of life and marital satisfaction of affected patients.

 The research method was experimental pre-test post-test type with follow-up phase. Statistical population of this study was all the people aged 20 to 50 years old with MS in Hamedan city in 2021. 30 people of that population were randomly selected in 2 groups of 10 people (experimental group and control group). The participants in all three stages were evaluated with the Global Health Quality of Life questionnaire and short form of Mehrabian Marital Satisfaction scale. The experimental group recived 8 sessions of individual psychotherapy based on the explanatory model of depression in patients with MS and the control group did not receive any intervention.

Data was analyzed by the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS-21 software. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the post-tests of the experimental and control groups (p<0.05).

Results of the this study indicated that psychotherapy based on the explanatory model of depression in patients with MS is effective in improving the quality of life and increasing marital satisfaction,  This method can be used to increase the mental health of these patients as a fast-acting treatment.

Chronic periodontitis is caused by a complex of periopathogenic microorganisms, some of which are more closely related to the active phase of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of two desensitizing agents voco bifluoride 10 and Mi paste on three common periopathogen bacteria

In this experimental laboratory study, samples of three types of bacteria A.a (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) and P.I (Prevotella intermedia) were used. From each of the compounds of voco bifluoride 10 and MI paste, 3 disks were prepared. After drying and sterilizing the disks, the quality control operations of the disks were performed and cultured in suitable media and exposed to 37 ° C for 48 hours. According to the halo around each disk and its measurement, the growth or non-growth of bacteria was examined. Data were analyzed using t-test and two-way ANOVA

There was no significant difference between the mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of all three types of bacteria A.a, P.g and P.i and the control group under the influence of voco bifluoride 10 and MI (P >0.05). The mean diameter of bacterial growth in the vicinity of MI paste was less than the diameter of bacterial growth in the vicinity of voco bifluoride 10, but this difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05).

The use of voco bifluoride 10 and MI paste have no effect on the diameter of the growth inhibition zone of periopathogenic bacteria.

In order to increase the empowerment of employees, the research has identified and determined the extent of effectiveness and prioritization of factors affecting the empowerment of law enforcement personnel in the fight against drugs. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the study includes employees working in the Anti-Narcotics Police Headquarters and NAJA monitoring bases. Based on Cochran's formula, a total of 60 people as the sample size were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was prepared from a library study, review of file records and related theories, and the data were analyzed by one-sample t-tests and Friedman rankings. The validity of the research was determined by taking the opinion of professors and performing pre-test and the reliability of the research was determined using Cronbach's alpha (0.915). According to the research findings, the pattern of structural equations as factors affecting the ability of employees to combat drug trafficking with three variables are significant, which are: the dimension of individual factors; Organizational factors dimension and external factors dimension which among these three dimensions, individual factors dimension with 87.70; Organizational factors with 87.18 and external factors with 86.76 had the highest to lowest factor load, respectively; In addition, the output of the fit indices of the structural equation pattern shows more than 0/90 that this pattern has an acceptable fit. The results showed that the three factors of individual, intra-organizational and extra-organizational, respectively, and to an acceptable extent are effective in empowering employees.

The characteristics of the cyber environment, such as not being dependent on a specific time and place, the possibility of acquiring different identities, anonymity and ease of performing various actions, have created a favorable environment for the emergence of cybercrime. The basic information police approach can play a role in cybercrime by managing resources, increasing the speed and accuracy of police operations, and increasing public trust. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of basic information police on cybercrime.

The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this research consists of 65 experts and specialists of FATA NAJA police who were selected in full. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was confirmed by content method. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the data and answer the research questions.

Findings of this study showed that basic information police has a positive effect on cybercrime, which was examined and confirmed in four dimensions of basic information police human resources, internal information resources, external information resources and information technology and cyberspace of basic information police.

In order to be as successful as possible in a cybercrime mission, it is essential to pay attention to human resources, intra-organizational information resources, extra-organizational information resources, and information technology and cyberspace information base.

In order to play the role of order and security in the society, the police must develop targeted programs to institutionalize learning in line with the rapid environmental changes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to provide a model for lifelong learning of NAJA staff along this path.

This is an exploratory study with a mixed approach and a research purpose. Participants in the qualitative part were 15 specialists and experts in the field and in the quantitative part all the deputies of the training and human resources departments of the provincial police command were 655 persons selected by proportional stratified sampling. The data gathering tool in the qualitative section is semi-structured literature review and interview. In the quantitative section, three types of questionnaires were developed in the first stage (exploratory analysis), the second stage (confirmatory analysis) and the suitability of the final research model. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha (0.92) and its validity was confirmed by construct validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using Amos and Lisrel software and paired t-test, binomial and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data.

Based on interviews with experts and review of literature and data analysis, results showed. Factors affecting lifelong learning of Naja staff include three factors of lifelong learning competencies, lifelong learning stimuli and learning styles, nine components and 55 indicators.

The findings of the study showed that five strategies and six categories of legal, financial, cultural, structural, educational, and human mechanisms were developed to promote lifelong learning. Finally, a model consisting of three factors, nine components, 55 indicators, five strategies and six mechanisms was developed and the fit of the model was confirmed by a questionnaire.

The police information-centered approach brings about such advantages as resource management, increasing the tempo and precision of police operations and enhancing public trust towards police, as well, and this approach will be effective in different fields such as criminalistics, predicting political, economic, social and cultural incriminating trends and crime prevention. Therefore; this research is intended to investigate the impact of information-centered approach on money laundering crime detection.
Research

This research is of applied type in terms of objective and of descriptive-analytical type in terms of method and has been carried out in a survey manner. The data collection has been quantitative and the collection tools have been based on questionnaires. The target audience of this research was in a complete tally form including 67 managers, officers and experts of NAJA CID and FATEB police who are all active in the fields of money laundering cases in various crimes such as goods and foreign currency smuggling, forgery, fraud and embezzlement and the prepared questionnaires were distributed with E-Likert five-rating spectrum among the responders and then collected and analyzed using SPSS software.
Research findings and

The police information-centered approach in money laundering crime detection was identified in four dimensions including banking and monetary information in 9 sets, technical communications and cyber space information in 8 sets, intra-agency banks information in 9 sets, and inter-agency banks information in 10 sets and their impacts on the money laundering crime detection from the research target audience were also investigated whose impacts of all the four dimensions on detection and proof and attribution of money laundering were verified and some suggestions were presented, as well.

Smuggling of weapons and ammunition is considered as one of the organized crimes and one of the most important anti-security problems in the world today. Various causes and factors are involved in the formation of this problem. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors in its occurrence and spread in order to provide appropriate solutions to deal with it. This applied research follows analytical and descriptive methods through identifying national and international sources to find effective factors of weapons and ammunition smuggling. The results of this study show that the phenomenon of arms and ammunition smuggling within society has been formed under the influence of various economic, security-disciplinary, socio-cultural, judicial-legal and inter-sectoral factors; and that arms and ammunition smuggling is one of the most complex and violent crime with the aim of committing illegal acts which affects many countries of the world. In parallel with the occurrence and spread of arms and ammunition smuggling, to deal with this ominous phenomenon, identifying the causes and factors affecting the occurrence and spread of this problem and providing effective solutions can help eliminate these causes and factors and reduce this phenomenon. Finally, deterrence and the development of effective laws and criminal struggle can put an end to this ominous phenomenon at the community level.

In recent years, human societies have faced the emergence of a new phenomenon called social networks. One of the consequences of their appearance is providing the context of collective movements and generating social crises. This study has been conducted aiming at explaining the role of virtual social networks in social crises generation.

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is a descriptive study. The statistical population of the study consisted of 160 managers and experts of Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Cyberspace Observatory Center, the Ministry of Intelligence, Police Cyberspace Observatory Center, managers and experts of Security Police Department, and Cyberspace Police. All individuals completed the questionnaire. The required data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha α=87.73) and analyzed via Regression analysis. Findings and

The research showed that virtual social networks have significant and direct role in creating social crises and along with the development of these networks they will have a greater role in the creation of social crises and the spread of critical conditions in society. In this regard, planning for the management of these networks is essential, especially for the police.

This article aims to explain the dimensions of knowledge absorption capacity and organizational forgetting and to investigate the relationships between them. In this regard, firstly we discuss and introduce the variable dimensions of knowledge absorption capacity and organizational forgetting. Next, we propose the appropriate hypotheses according to the literature review. This study is a causal and survey research and the statistical population of the study include 772 individuals of the Amin Police University containing faculty members and staff. The sample selected by using the Cochran’s formula with certainty level of 95% which consisted of 257 individuals. The data collected through a questionnaire which were distributed among the members. Face and content validity of the test have been approved by management masters and the reliability was calculated and confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha by applying SPSS 19 software (for all the values bigger than 0.7). Finally, the collected data analyzed with the exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The exploratory factor analysis also used to examine the research hypotheses. The results show that each dimension of organizational forgetting affects the capacity to absorb the knowledge which among the dimensions, the decadence measurement of organizational forgetting has the most impact on the efficiency of knowledge absorbance capacity variable.

This research surveys the value of influencing identification card to passport on controlling of police on Afghanian refugees. Some of the problems of public security are connected to the foreign national existence in Khorasan Razavi province. Therefore, their controlling is part of fundamental issues of our national security and interest, and changing their identification card to international document has main role. It is a scientific-comparing research and statistical population comprises from all the personnel and experts in charge of disciplinary control of foreign national which are selected randomly in sampling method. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between disciplinary control of Aghanian refuges and changing their situation and identification card to international certificate has main role.

Because of being adjacent to the world’s biggest drug producers on the eastern borderline, being located on the cheap transit path of drugs, and insisting on certain ideological positions providing national security in Iran is affected by drug smuggling. The present research aims at determining the impact of drug smuggling on various dimensions of I. R. Iran’s national security-political, economic, social and cultural dimensions.

The present research is conducted through documented and survey method and through using note–taking and questionnaire. Validity of the self-made questionnaire is proved by Cronbach’s Alpha formula (α=0.88); in addition the hypotheses of the research were tested by χ2 Test. The statistical population includes President’s Office Anti-narcotics HQs staff in 2009.

Analysis of the collected data, confirms the relationship between drug smuggling and Iran’s national security. The four hypotheses of the research based on negative impressionability of political, social, cultural and economic dimensions of national security by drug smuggling is confirmed (95%).

Drug smuggling had the most negative impact on cultural aspect of security through preventing human development while it had the least negative impacts on economic security, which is crystallized in increasing policing –legal costs. The negative impact of drug smuggling in terms of social aspect emerges through crime rate increase; and in terms of politics blemishes the political credit of the system in the region, as well as international system.