arastoo yari hesar

The remains of war in today's world have the potential to become an important motivational factor in tourism. Since traveling to the operational areas in the path of light requires a lot of time and financial and human costs, therefore, in order to benefit more fundamentally and better than what we are witnessing today, it is necessary to identify and analyze the most important driving motivational factors. and the attraction of visitors to the memorials of operational areas. Therefore, this research aims to identify, from a scientific point of view, the push and pull motivation factors of Iranian visitors to war memorials, and group them.

In terms of its nature, the present research was a survey and according to its purpose, it was included in the group of applied research. The required information has been collected both in the library and in the field. Also, one-sample T-test and Friedman's test were used to analyze the data. The statistical population in this research is the pilgrims of Rahian-e-Nour who have traveled to operational areas, and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 1920 samples. Then using hierarchical cluster sampling method; The main unit of the study was determined through several stages of continuous sampling.

The results of the research show that the most important components of drive motivation are related to self-improvement (3.13), national identity (2.71), curiosity (2.57) and protection (1.59). And the most important pull motivation factors, according to the rank average, are related to the sanctity of the place (2.58), entertainment and leisure time (environmental attractions) (1.78) and obligation (1.64).

Therefore, the result of the research indicates that the thrust components have more influence than the pull components in visiting the monuments caused by the Iran war. Finally, 18 strategies have been presented in order to meet the motivational needs and desires (internal and external) of tourists and attract them to the desired places.

With the spread of the corona virus to the villages, the rural areas of Iran due to demographic characteristics (larger share of the elderly population) and geographical characteristics (longer distance to access to health care centers), along with the lack of health facilities in response to the epidemic ccrona was more involved in this virus and disrupted the life of rural communities. Rural governance involves the implementation of decisions and policies aimed at rural development, ensuring they align with the interests of rural communities while remaining compatible with national, regional, and local priorities. It is widely recognized as a critical factor in the success of rural communities and their ability to manage rural hazards. One of the most significant challenges that rural residents have faced in recent years has been the outbreak of the infectious disease (COVID-19). This study evaluates the impact of good governance on reducing the vulnerability to COVID-19 in Sistan’s border villages_ Iran. The objective of this research is practical, has a descriptive-analytical nature, and employs a quantitative methodology. Data were collected through both library research and questionnaires. The analysis utilized second-order factor analysis and T-tests, with the cochran formula used to determine the sample size, ultimately selecting 363 households. The resylts indicate that the indices of accountability, consensus, and transparency significantly reduce the vulnerability to COVID-19 in Sistan’s border villages. Specifically, accountability had a beta coefficient of 0.39 at a significance level of 0.001, consensus had a beta coefficient of 0.36, and transparency had a beta coefficient of 0.30, with a significance level of less than 0.05. All three factors directly and significantly contributed to reducing COVID-19 vulnerability in these villages.

The wide concentration of facilities in the city of Tehran always provides the basis for attracting people from the surrounding areas into the urban area. The continuation of this situation, in addition to fueling the spatial inequalities and the wide gap between the center and the surrounding areas, has led to the fattening and increase of the population of the metropolis of Tehran. The 15th urban area of Tehran and especially the peripheral neighborhoods such as Mesgarabad and Masoudiyeh are among the places that are in an unfavorable situation compared to many urban areas of Tehran in terms of development level, wealth indicators, urban services and living facilities. Therefore, the development of tourism and recreational activities in this area will not only help to increase the urban living facilities for the deprived residents, but it will be very effective in terms of attracting investment and increasing local job creation platforms and infrastructure development. The general purpose of this research is to plan for the development of tourism and recreational activities in Mesgarabad or Narjes Khatun resort, which has been collected in the form of documents. This research is classified as applied research. The obtained results show that today despite having high potential as a resort, there is still a need for planning to create many infrastructures in the field of water supply, electricity, transportation network, parking, providing more access and entry and exit, resolving conflicts with Surrounding properties include fencing, further strengthening of existing dune mounds, recreational facilities

Ardabil and East Azarbaijan provinces are among the provinces where a significant part of their population and economy are mixed with villages and villagers, and from this point of view, there are many similarities between their historical, socio-cultural, economic and environmental aspects. The rural areas of these provinces, despite their very high natural, economic, social and cultural capabilities, face widespread deprivation, cultural poverty and rural emigration. Meanwhile, the tourism sector has the necessary potential capacities for rural revitalization in the investigated provinces. It is worth pondering that the planning system governing tourism activities in these provinces lacks a specific approach. For this reason, the main problem of the upcoming research is to identify the place of rural tourism in the target villages of tourism in Ardabil and East Azarbaijan provinces in the life cycle of tourism and develop a suitable methodology for planning their development. The present research has been conducted as a comparative study and in a descriptive-analytical method. The area studied in this research includes the villages of Zenuzagh, Kandavan and Ashtabin in East Azarbaijan province and the villages of Gazaj, Alvars and Oonar in Ardabil province. To determine the sample size, Cochran was used first and the size of the sample population is estimated to be 175 households. The method of selecting data from the local community is systematic random and from tourists randomly.According to the results obtained from this model, the studied villages are in different stages of sustainability. The available information shows that the villages of the study area are at the average sustainability level from the point of view of tourism, and the ecosystem welfare index and the human welfare index are also at an average level.

Land use change as a result of the rapid growth of urban areas causes an increase in the temperature of the ground surface in the central areas of the city and its suburbs. Therefore, checking the temperature of the earth's surface is vital in analyzing temperature fluctuations and minimizing its effects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of land use change (LULC) on the LST index in Abbar region and Kohkan village using the combined techniques of remote sensing and GIS. The results of this research show that from 2013 to 2023, agricultural land has increased by 72.21%, while about 89.15% of barren land areas have decreased and turned into agricultural land use. Also, the temperature of the ground surface in the central areas of Abbar city and Kohkan village shows high values compared to the agricultural areas. LST values have an inverse relationship with NDVI and NDLI index and have a direct relationship with built-up areas or barren lands. In other words, there is a positive correlation between NDBI index and LST, and a negative correlation has been observed between LST and NDVI and NDLI. The highest correlation of 0.75 between LST index and NDBI was observed in 2013. The lowest correlation of -0.71 was observed between LST and NDVI in 2013. The lowest R2 values of 0.28 belonged to two LST and NDVI indices in 2023.

This research tries to evaluate the tourism destinations of Ardabil and East Azarbaijan provinces from the perspective of the quality of ecosystem welfare and human welfare as two basic pillars of sustainable tourism.

This review is of the type of applied studies and the analysis of information has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, and Alen Butller's tourism life cycle (TLC) model has been used for their analysisThe statistical population of this research consists of the villages of Zenuzagh, Kandavan and Ashtabin in East Azarbaijan province and the villages of Gazaj, Alvars and Onar in Ardabil province, with a total of 465 households and a population of 1876 people. The size of the sample population in this research is 176 households, which was estimated by Cochran's method. The required information has been collected by the field method and using the questionnaire tool. The selection of the host community for questioning is by systematic random method and the selection of the tourist and visitor community is simple by random method.

The results of this study show that ecosystem and human well-being in tourism destinations are often at a medium level of sustainability and still have a significant distance from the characteristics of stable and completely sustainable destinations, and the emphasis on economic results and incomes causes neglect of natural and Human tourism activities in the studied destinations.

The results of the surveys show that the index of visiting tourist destinations over time can improve the state of ecosystem well-being and human well-being in the destinations, if the village of Kandavan is in a better state of well-being in both the human and natural ecosystem due to the high number of visitors. . Naturally, secondary factors such as improving the level of social awareness and cultural exchange between the host community and the tourist community and social education can be effective in this situation, as in destinations with fewer visits and a lower position of these indicators, it shows another different situation.

The life cycle of tourism destinations in Iran is a relatively new subject that offers a valuable framework for understanding the dynamics of tourist activities and planning their transformation towards sustainable tourism. This study aims to evaluate target villages for tourism development in Kurdistan province using the integrated model of Prescott, Allen, and Butler (Sustainable Tourism Life Cycle - STLC). The evolution of sustainable tourism in these villages is assessed based on the STLC model. The sample size for this research consists of 356 individuals. The survey results indicate that most of the studied villages are in the intervention and conflict stages or at the early stages of development in the sustainable tourism life cycle. The primary strategy recommended for villages in the intervention and conflict stages is community participation and the expansion of tourism infrastructure.

Islamic councils and municipalities serve as the foundational pillars of urban governance in Iran. The Islamic Councils of Cities, as policy-making bodies, play a crucial role in shaping urban management processes and performance. The decisions and policies endorsed by these councils significantly influence urban management outcomes. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate these councils' performance by scrutinizing their resolutions to identify strengths and areas needing improvement. The most effective tool for this evaluation is an analysis of their legislative outputs.During its five terms, the Islamic Council of Tehran has reviewed numerous bills and plans, resulting in a substantial number of resolutions. In its fifth term, the Council passed 878 resolutions across 315 meetings. This research aims to:1. Conduct a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the resolutions passed by the Tehran Islamic Council in its fifth term.2. Analyze and compare these resolutions with the Law on Organizations, Duties, and Powers of Councils.3. Assess the alignment of these resolutions with the key priorities and issues facing Tehran, as well as the concerns of its citizens.

Theoretical Framework:

In a local management system that emphasizes genuine citizen participation, the primary goal is planning by the people, not merely for the people. Urban Islamic councils, as representatives of the populace, embody this participatory approach through their legislative activities. Over the past two decades, there has been a paradigm shift in urban planning and management from prescriptive to participatory approaches. This shift includes moving from a focus on results to an emphasis on processes, from reliance on existing resources to capacity building, and from government-centric solutions to problem-solving methods that leverage civil society initiatives and citizen participation. In this context, the resolutions passed by Islamic councils hold particular significance.

This research is classified as basic research with a developmental focus, analyzing the resolutions of the Tehran Islamic Council from an evaluative perspective. Data and information were collected through a document-library method, utilizing sources such as the Tehran Islamic Council's approvals department and the comprehensive system of council resolutions. Given that many entries in the approval system contain flaws and omissions, a compliance method was employed to correct these issues by cross-referencing each resolution individually and extracting the missing information. Moreover, due to the nature of the research—which involves the critique and evaluation of the content of the council's resolutions in its fifth term—a content analysis approach was used.

The findings reveal that 68.1% of the fifth term council's resolutions were bills, while only 31% were plans. This suggests that more than two-thirds of the council's legislative efforts were directed towards municipal bills, leaving limited time for council members to develop and propose reformative or developmental plans. Furthermore, 93.6% of the resolutions were categorized as standard, 4.6% as urgent, and only 1.7% as highly urgent.

The results of this research indicate that the fifth term of the Tehran City Council may be considered one of the weakest in terms of its contributions to urban governance. The content and thematic analysis of the resolutions suggest that:1. A significant portion of the council's time was consumed by internal municipal matters, with few resolutions addressing urban issues, citizen concerns, or current challenges facing Tehran.2. Many of the council's resolutions involved minor amendments to existing legislation, rather than introducing new initiatives.3. The number of resolutions aimed at facilitating urban development and growth was notably limited4. The fifth term of the Tehran council was characterized by a focus on theoretical and software-related issues, with minimal emphasis on practical, hardware-related activities.5. Key provisions of the Law on Organizations, Duties, and Powers of Councils were frequently disregarded or invalidated.6. The council failed to address urban problem-solving effectively, with no significant new urban issues or innovative solutions emerging during this term.

Today, following the problems caused by the rapid growth and transformation of cities; The preparation and implementation of urban plans is emphasized. Projects that in most cases could not succeed in the planned development of cities despite some positive aspects. The development plans of Tehran city, especially its five-year plans (as the study sample of this research) are not exempted from this rule. One of the measures that can be taken into consideration in the process of correcting the wrong trends and problems of urban development programs is the pathology of urban development plans and programs. Therefore, the main goal of this research is the pathology of the process Preparing, approving, implementing and monitoring the five-year plans of Tehran using the Comprehensive Pathology Model (FPSS). This research is in the category of applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature. The required information has been collected by documentary-library and field methods (interview and questionnaire). In order to identify the damages, 15 experts were interviewed and the damages were evaluated (importance level) from the opinions of 43 other experts (in a selective and snowball method) in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the research show that in the first to third five-year development plans of the city of Tehran, 35 damages were common in the respective periods. In terms of drafting stages, the most damage was related to executive and supervisory areas, and in terms of content, content, functional and systemic damages were more than structural and process damages. Adopting non-elitist approaches in developing the program, developing systematic monitoring and supervision systems, and longitudinal and horizontal communication with documents and parallel programs are among the necessary suggestions to improve the system of medium-term development plans of Tehran.

Achieving development goals is impossible without paying attention to the role of women, and rural women play a key role as one of the main actors in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors preventing and promoting the development of rural women's participation in Sardaba district. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and the method used in it is a combined method with a sequential exploratory approach that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the first phase, using the qualitative method of qualitative content analysis, the data collected through the review of available sources and interviews, key concepts were extracted from the text of notes and interviews, and during open coding, 18 inhibiting factors and 17 promoting factors were divided into three groups. The main economic, socio-cultural and political factors were identified. Then in the quantitative phase, using the survey method; The extracted indicators were ranked and analyzed. The necessary technique to obtain the required data is library and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the present study is the population of women in 11 villages of Sardaba village in the central part of Ardabil city with a population of 3179. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, and according to this formula, the statistical sample number was 345. Structural equation method and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The ranking based on the standardized factor load showed that socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.95, political factor with an effect factor of 0.92, and economic factor with an effect factor of 0.89 are the most important factors hindering the development of rural women's participation. In terms of promoting factors, the political factor with an effect factor of 0.94 is the most important promoting factor in the development of rural women's participation. The socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.90 is the second group, followed by the economic factors with an effect factor of 0.86 as factors that promote the development of rural women's participation.

Applying strategies of creative cities is one of the ways forward for many cities today. Cities that are facing problems in social, economic, cultural and environmental dimensions can moderate such issues by prioritizing creative elements in different fields. creative city is not only a space where creativity grows, but also its organization and management are planned creatively. In the current research, the assessment and prioritization of the five areas of Ardabil city based on the indicators of the creative city have been discussed. The collection of data and information is in the form of library and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research is the five regions of Ardabil city, where 385 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random method. A method called MEREC has been used to weight the indicators, and the WASPAS model has been used to measure and prioritize regions. The results based on all indicators show that region one with a value of 0.539 and a good condition is in the first place, region two with a value of 0.537 and a good condition is in the second place, region three with a value of 0.465 and the condition The average is in the third place, region four with a value of 0.436 and the average condition is in the fourth place and region five with a value of 0.425 and the average condition is in the last place.

The nomadic community of Iran as a social reality is part of the historical, political and cultural structure and an active member of the national community. However, studies show that the nomadic livelihood pattern is in crisis. If this instability continues due to lack of enjoyment, national development will also be jeopardized. The statistical population of the study is nomadic and settled nomads of Gheshlagh village, Abesh Ahmad district, Kalibar city.

The sample population was 290 people according to Cochran sampling method for nomadic tribes and 40 people for settled nomads (Celine) and the questionnaires were randomly distributed among the heads of households. One-way t-test and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data

Geographical area of research :

The geographical scope of the research is Gheshlagh village, Abesh Ahmad district, Kalibar city.

The results of the one-sample T method showed that the quality of life of nomadic tribes (with an average of 2.97) is lower than the theoretical average (3) and is down to average. Also, the quality of livelihood of the settled nomads (with an average of 3.55) is higher than the theoretical average (3) and is on average rising.

The results of Pearson correlation test also showed a significant relationship between the studied variables with the quality of life of nomadic and settled nomads. According to the obtained results, it can be acknowledged that the living conditions of the settled nomads compared to the nomadic tribes in Gheshlagh village of Abesh Ahmad district of Kalibar city are in a good conditionConclusion  The results of Pearson correlation test also showed a significant relationship between the studied variables with the quality of life of nomadic and settled nomads. According to the obtained results, it can be acknowledged that the living conditions of the settled nomads compared to the nomadic tribes in Gheshlagh village of Abesh Ahmad district of Kalibar city are in a good condition

The geographical study of the corona virus shows that this virus is like the global cholera disease, whose first homeland was Wuhan (the vast capital of central China's Hubei province) and then it was transferred to other countries. The spread of this virus in a very short period of time has become one of the biggest international challenges after World War II, and examining the economic consequences of the spread of this disease is also very important and necessary for policy making.The Covid-19 virus has been able to change the lifestyle of people in different societies, and people finally changed their activities accordingly (Werf et al, 2021); (Staton et al, 2021) The visual and to some extent auditory consumption pattern has had a special place in the lifestyle of Iranians during the Covid-19 virus (Trabels, 2020). During the days of quarantine, social networks became very popular. People could not visit their family or friends and many of them kept in touch with each other using virtual networks. In fact, the spread of the corona virus has led to the further development of online social life. . Individual isolation and quarantine and the increase in consumption and tendency towards virtual and video entertainment media have intensified in this era (Staton & et al, 2021).

Leading research is applied in terms of purpose and based on descriptive-analytical nature. The method of collecting data to answer the research questions was library and questionnaire. The tool used in the survey method was a questionnaire. Face validity has been used to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and the face validity of the research tool was confirmed using the opinions of professors (fifteen people) in the field of rural development and experts in the field of health (ten people)

The statistical description of the characteristics of the sample in terms of gender showed that there were 302 men (83.4%) and 60 (16.6%) of them were women. Also, 56.9% of participants were married. The number of 146 people from the studied sample was between 41 and 50 years old, and the highest frequency was 40.3%.

To evaluate the effects of covid-19 on the lifestyle of the border villagers of Zabol city compared to before and after the disease outbreak, first one-sample T-test was used. The above test was performed at the 95% confidence level. In this regard, according to the 6-spectrum of the items (not at all = 0, very much = 5), the measurement and analysis of the indicators was evaluated at an average level (average 3). The results showed that lifestyles in media-oriented, community-oriented and livelihood indicators were below average before the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease, and after the outbreak of the disease, they were above average. In the health-oriented index of style status. Before the outbreak of the disease, life was below average and after that it was in an almost average state. In the leisure-oriented index, the life style before the outbreak of the disease was in an almost average state and after that it was in an above average state, and in the culture index The axis of lifestyle status changed after the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease and was in a higher than average status. To investigate the existence of differences between lifestyle indicators among the border villagers of Zabol city, before and after the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease, the paired or dependent t-test was used at the 95% confidence or significance level.

Limiting communication and face-to-face interactions of people with each other, closing down gatherings, improving the level of personal and public hygiene such as frequent hand washing, using masks and sanitary gloves, maintaining distance from others and observing other protocols. health services, reforming the society's consumption pattern, improving social capital and increasing the level of empathy and social harmony and paying more attention to the lower classes of society, changing the type of entertainment, closing religious centers and holy places, modern social life in the context of virtual space and improving the level media literacy, reduction of air and ground travel traffic, internet shopping and sales, more convergence of family members, The growth of the culture of reading books, watching more series and movies, moving sports from group type to individual type, reducing fashion trends, holding distance education courses and many other such things, many changes. has created in the lifestyle of people. Of course, these changes are relative and are not the same in all societies and for all social strata, and not everyone has been equally affected by these changes.

The variety of dimensions and complexities of the tourism industry according to the geographical regions require special fields for tourism planning and management. Rural tourism is actually a part of the tourism market, which can beconsidered an important tool for the economic-social and ecological development of rural communities. The development ofruraltourismcan play an important role in revitalizing thevillages, creating employment and income for the villagers, and ultimately the development of the country in general and rural development in particular. The aim of the present research is to analyze the role of tourism on the development of tourism target villages in Paveh city. The nature of the research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method. The statistical sample of the research is 320 heads of households in five villages targeted for tourism inPaveh city, including; It isShamshir, Darian, Khanqah, Deshe and Hajij. The method of distribution of the questionnaire among heads of households issimple and random. SPSS softwarewas used for data analysis. The results show that tourism has been able to have a good level of influence on income and employment in the development of the village, and has had a medium level of influence on cultural changes physical-spatial changes and social interactions, However in the environmental index, household heads have evaluated the impact of tourism development as negative and less thanthe numerical desirability. The prioritizationof the most effective indicators in the impact of tourism on the development of tourism target villages in Paveh city shows;The indexof income andemployment is the most important. The index of cultural changes is in the second rank, theindex of physical-spatial changes is in the third rank, the index of social interactions is in thefourthrank of importance and finally the environmental index is in the last and least important rank.

The objective of this study is to investigate spatial relationships analysis of the concepts of life quality, social capital, and rural entrepreneurship in Dezful County, which was done through the descriptive and analytical methodology and data collection by field and survey methods. To pursue the issue, 147 target villages were selected based on the Cochran formula from 238 in-habited rural areas in Dezful County. The principal research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 250 manifest variables extracted from 23 latent variables in triple concepts. The statistical population consists of 30,032 household heads in the target villages, and questionnaires were randomly distributed among 379 of them based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling method. The statistical population consists of 30,032 heads of households in the villages of this county. Ques-tionnaires were randomly distributed based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling method among 379 family heads in the target villages in eleven rural districts of this county. In this research, the analysis of pairwise and general relationships between concepts was done through structural equation modeling (SEM) and investigating the situation of the Dezful's villages in relationships between structures utilizing gray relationship analysis (GRA) and fuzzy analysis. The results showed that the paired relationships of the concepts had a significance level lower than the assumed error rate of 0.05 evaluated as direct and positive. The highest and lowest relation-ships of the constructs belong to the relationship between life quality and social capital and the linkage of life quality and rural entrepreneurship with path coefficients of 0.949 and 0.875. Based on the layers combination of GRA and fuzzy analysis, the nearly two-thirds situation of the target villages is inappropriate in the general relationships of research concepts.

Many cities around the world today face many challenges in different urban areas, including job cuts, innovative projects, the expansion of management issues, and partnerships. Factors that have already been formed with the development of cities, transportation, proximity to raw materials are less important. New problems and dilemmas are now on the agenda of cities, which is partly the result of the disappearance of old rhythms abandoned by life and work based on factory and office. But the competition that exists or will exist in the era of globalization between cities is in attracting experts (Hosseini et al., 2016: 210). In fact, the city should be an attractive environment to attract and strengthen talents, innovations and creative ideas, and the creativity of special people such as artists, scientists, writers, ordinary citizens and even dissidents to solve basic problems. The purpose is to use the existence and planning of creative development (Mafi et al., 2018: 34). There is no doubt that a successful urban environment is one that nurtures and attracts talent. A city producing research that is able to add new parts to the economic, cultural and social dimensions of urban management and thus create new opportunities for cities at the national and transnational levels (Nairi, 2017: 13(.Creative areas in urban places play an important role in increasing urban creativity. Places that show the cultural symbols of the city. Maintaining cultural, social, religious and national beliefs as a strong pillar for the development of creative thinking among the city's residents is vital in order to raise the culture of citizenship and the sustainability of urban places. Knowledge of creative city and creative region for city managers, city planners and planners causes their correct and better understanding of city and region, good analysis and providing appropriate solutions to the problems of city and region. Creative cities and regions can be identified by studying the concepts, elements, indicators and strategies of the city and the creative region. By knowing the creative cities and regions, we can have the right plans for the growth and development of the city and region (Zabihidan, 2019 : 105). The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of creativity indicators in the cities of Kermanshah province. And in order to achieve the goals seeks to find answers to the following questions:1. How are the cities of Kermanshah province in terms of creativity indicators compared to each other? 2. What are the most enjoyable and Low enjoyment cities of the province? 3. Which model is a better way to determine the status of cities?

The present study is applied in terms of purpose. It is also based on the method of work and descriptive-analytical nature. Its statistical population is 14 cities of Kermanshah province. In this research, by using the library method and referring to the documents related to the subject of creativity, the theoretical foundations, literature and scope of the study have been investigated and in order to check the status of creativity indicators, 42 indicators were studied and selected to achieve the desired goal To analyze the information and answer the research questions, multi-criteria decision models (WASPAS SAR and SAW) and the integration method and the percentage of changes have been used to determine which model is better for examining the status of creativity indicators ArcGIS software is also used to display the output results as a map.

The positive results of creative development in different cities of the world show the appropriate effectiveness of this new development approach in these cities .In fact, the concept of creative city can be considered as an alternative approach to revitalizing the city and alternative thinking to look at the city. Some say the economy may be important, while others say social welfare is important. But we need to know that the focal point of a creative city is culture, education, atmosphere or creative space. In response to the question, what is the level of creativity of the cities of Kermanshah province in terms of creativity indicators? After the amount of each city was obtained in three models, WASPAS SAR and SAW, they were merged together and an average was obtained for each city, which ranked the cities according to the results of the integration method and their level of enjoyment. Characterized. According to the results of the city, Qasrshirin, Dalahou, Paveh, Harsin, Kermanshah, Islamabad Gharb, Ravansar, Kangavar and Songhor are half-enjoyed and five cities are Sahneh, Gilan-e-Gharb, Sarpol-e-Zahab, Thalas-e-Babajani and Javanrood Low enjoyment.In response to the question, which are the richest and least privileged cities of the province? The results show that there is no prosperous city at all and the most prosperous city is Qasr Shirin with a rate of 0.497 which is in the first rank and the least privileged city is Javanrood with a rate of 0.157 which is in the last rank .Finally, in answer to the question, which model is the better way to determine the status of cities? The SAW model had the lowest change with 9.5% and the WASPAS and SAR models had the highest change with 11.9%. These results show that the SAW model is a better method than other models (SAR and WASPAS) to evaluate the status of cities because the results of this model have a lower percentage and intensity of change. At the end, suggestions for improving the situation of creativity indicators in the city of the province are presented:-Increasing activities related to local arts, creating spaces to increase citizen participation, holding local celebrations and ceremonies in the cities of the province according to their abilities- Supporting handicrafts and indigenous arts, providing appropriate conditions for activities related to urban creativity, focusing on the concept of artistic and cultural creativity in many other areas, including employment, industry, education and ... Utilizing the experiences of cities around the world in the field of creativity, providing and equipping cultural infrastructures, such as cinemas, libraries, theaters, cinemas, etc., training specialists in various fields

Today, policymakers and planners refer to rural tourism as a lever for regional development and a way to save villages from social and economic problems. The main goal of this research is to identify the obstacles or challenges facing the development of rural tourism in the villages of the central part of Meshginshahr. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population includes 42 villages with more than 20 households. The sample size was estimated to be 379 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the issue, 47 indicators were used in five indicators, namely social, economic, environmental, physical, and managerial. The results showed that the weak participation of local people in tourism affairs, risky investment, lack of shopping centers, lack of suitable space for car parking, lack of advertising and information, lack of educational centers and activities, and short stay of tourists were recognized as the most important problems of tourism in this region.

Today, the development of sustainable tourism in rural areas is one of the strategies that has been considered in most countries of the world. The main purpose of this study is to assess the tourism potential of Vakilabad village as an important rural tourism destination in Ardabil city. The statistical population of this research is rural tourism activists, villagers and local experts. In this regard, to determine the tourism capacity of the TCC model and to measure the effects of tourism development, one-sample t-test and independent t-test have been used. The results show that the effective daily reception capacity of Vakilabad village in the centralized state is equal to 18924 people and in the wide state is equal to 63351 people. Also, the development of rural tourism has had many positive and negative effects for the villagers and local experts. Their views on the effects of tourism and the tolerance capacity of Vakilabad village are not significantly different in terms of variables related to economic, social and environmental dimensions.

The drying up of Lake Urmia has caused crises and social, economic and environmental hazards in the surrounding villages of East and West Azerbaijan provinces. Natural phenomena and human factors have played an important and effective role in the drying of the lake, so the drying of Lake Urmia can have harmful and irreversible effects on the villagers, the villages around Lake Urmia. The purpose of this study is to assess the consequences of the drying of Lake Urmia on the economic indicators of the surrounding villages (reduction of employment, increase of poverty, increase of unemployment and decrease of income and decrease of investment and savings). The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the data have been collected in the form of library and survey (questionnaire). The statistical population of the study is the surrounding villages of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan provinces, including 25,648 people and 7,600 households. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the sample size. Also, using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.83%. In analyzing the data of this study, Spss23 software and one-sample t-test were used and the results of one-sample t-test in the surrounding villages show that among the economic dimensions of indicators of increasing poverty and reducing the rate Employment has the highest impact, as well as indicators of rising unemployment, declining savings and declining incomes have the least impact on the drying up of Lake Urmia. Therefore, by taking measures such as creating places and resorts along the lake to attract tourists and building a refinery and packaging of salt in the lake for export to other countries can create employment for residents and prevent their migration. Therefore, by taking measures such as creating places and resorts along the lake to attract tourists and building a refinery and packaging of salt in the lake for export to other countries can create employment for residents and prevent their migration

Individuals’ characteristics and those of age, sex, and social groups should help provide a safe, healthy, sustainable, and attractive environment that can properly respond to the different needs of all groups in the community. The population of the disabled, including people with physical and mobility disabilities, is among those who are deprived of ordinary lives, and the social planning system has led them to physical and social seclusion. All around the world, people with physical and mobility disabilities constitute a significant part of the population who, like other people, should be able to move around the city to satisfy their needs, strive, and not be deprived of their right to live a social life. It is a necessity for the development of the society to adapt urban spaces in order to provide all individuals and segments of the society with equal opportunities to move around the city and access all urban spaces. According to Article 5 of the Charter of Civil Rights of the Iranian Government, all the disabled and the elderly hold the right to benefit from medical and rehabilitation facilities for recovery or empowerment to be able to live independently and participate in different aspects of life. The research population included 4430 disabled people (physically disabled, blind, or partially sighted) in the city of Ardabil, Iran. Sample size was estimated to be 354 using Cochran’s formula, and a questionnaire was distributed among as many disabled participants and filled out. Interview methods were used for the blind and visually impaired who were not able to fill out the questionnaire. The sampling method employed in the study was simple random sampling, and data analysis was performed in SPSS using one-sample t-test and analysis of variance. As members of the society, the disabled have rights and entitlements that must be taken into account. One such issue concerns the design and adaptation of urban spaces for this group. If a disabled citizen is unable to access the places he needs to visit due to inappropriate urban spaces, he will be faced with many problems and barriers. The results of this study demonstrated that the physical zone of ​​Ardabil, sidewalks, and construction equipment could not be used by the disabled. Urban administrators and officials have tried to adapt urban spaces by observing relevant principles in the central part of the city. On average, the status of the indicators was better in the group with physical and mobility impairment than in the blind. For example, the physical and socio-economic indicators exhibited higher averages in the group with physical and mobility impairment than in the blind. Although there were employment restrictions in both groups, they were more common among the blind and visually impaired. Furthermore, higher transportation costs were imposed on the blind and visually impaired than on those with physical and mobility disabilities. Despite the measures taken to adapt the environment for the active presence of the physically disabled and the blind, it is still impossible in the current socio-economic and physical conditions to adequately meet the needs of the disabled. Moreover, the urban management authorities in Ardabil have not formulated a clear plan for adaptation of urban spaces, and have therefore failed to exhibit acceptable performance in the field.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of rural entrepreneurship on rural development. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and field study. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson correlation, multivariate regression and chi-square test. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which indicates desirable reliability. The statistical population of the study is the inhabitants of the villages of the study area, using the Cochran formula 378 people were selected as the sample and from the inhabited villages based on systematic random sampling 12 villages were selected as sample. Findings show that entrepreneurial growth in institutional - physical, infrastructural and economic fields have the most impact on rural development respectively and entrepreneurship improves social status of rural women and the most important problem of study area in the field of environmental entrepreneurship. It is an environment that also includes the index of growth deficiency in this area. The results of this study show that entrepreneurship with positive impact leads to strengthening of national culture and identity, diversification of agricultural, industrial and rural products and services of the study area and preserving the population with the least damage to the rural environment. It promotes rural development at the local and national level, so it is best to consider entrepreneurship in rural development and regard it as the most basic and least costly strategy of rural development and employment.

Introduction Robbery is a behavioral and social deviation that has been regarded as a crime and negative, abnormal behavior almost regardless of when and where it has been committed. It is one of the oldest human crimes, observed in various forms in different societies. It is a phenomenon of great importance that disturbs the individual’s and society’s security in both financial and physical terms. Since robbery can take place in particular time and location ranges, the main aim of the current research was to identify factors effective on the time and location of committing the crime in the city of Ardabil, Iran, and the researcher sought to provide an answer to the basic question of when and where robbery is committed in Ardabil. Methodology This was an applied descriptive-analytical study in terms of aim and data collection methodology. The research population included all the robbers serving their sentences at Ardabil jail in Spring and Summer 2017, all 233 of whom filled out questionnaires based on the complete enumeration method. Data collection was carried out through documentary analysis and field elicitation (using a questionnaire). SPSS was used for description and analysis of the data and examination of the hypotheses in accordance with the scales of measurement of the research variables. Thus, the chi-square test was used for investigation of the frequency distributions of the temporal and spatial variables, and Kramers’ test for the relationship between robber’s place of residence and crime scene. The ArcGIS software was also used for analysis of the dispersion of robber’s place of residence and crime scene. Results Place of residence and crime scene were found to be dispersed for most robbers serving their sentences at Ardabil jail. However, the highest frequency of place of residence was observed for the northwestern part, including the suburban area (northwest) and the semi-organic area (central part). As for crime scene, the highest frequency concerned the central part and the newly-constructed area (newly-constructed neighborhoods located in the central part). Given the great similarity between robber’s place of residence and crime scene based on Kramers’ test results, it could be stated that there was a significant relationship between the two variables. Moreover, the chi-square test results demonstrated that most of the robberies had been committed in summer (September), during the night, on the weekend, and by the drug addict with criminal records and financial problems. Conclusion Statistical tests and dispersion maps were used in this research for investigation of the times and locations of committing robbery. It could be concluded based on the findings that the crime was committed at particular times; that is, temporal conditions were effective on the occurrence of robbery. Most of the robberies had taken place in newly-constructed, wealthy areas. In fact, the commitment of robbery followed a particular dispersion pattern in spatial terms, and there was similarity and accordance between robber’s place of residence and crime scene, as evidenced by the observations, hence the significant relationship between the two variables.

One of the most important reflections of contemporary urbanization is the emergence and spread of harmful neighborhoods in the center or around cities.These settlements can be considered as forgotten and unplanned parts in comparison with other urban settlements, which are highly sustainable in terms of sustainability The aim of this study is to determine the level of stability of informal settlements in Ardebil and prioritize them for future planning. It has been done. The current research is applied in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The required information was collected through library and field studies. The statistical community of the 15 informal settlements in the city of Ardabil.To analyze the data, Excel software and SPSS software were used and using the barometric model, the stability of the stability levels of the target areas was determined and finally maps were mapped for better representation using ArcGIS software.According to the results of the implementation of this model, the Salman Abad area with a score of (0.501) has a moderate sustainability and then the Kazemabad neighborhood (344/0), Islamabad (0.200) in the situation of potential instability and other neighborhoods The goal is in an unstable state.In general, target ecosystems average (0.21l) and human well-being (0.249) are at very low levels in terms of overall target well-being. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of sustainability in these neighborhoods is not well-suited. Therefore, development plans are appropriate to the strengths and weaknesses of each neighborhood based on the sustainability levels of each of these settlements.

One of the oldest forms of health tourism is spa tourism (the branch of health tourism) which means health by water. in ancient time people used to travel to hot or cold springs in hope of effecting cure for some illness. Even in modern times the therapeutic property of water is being used to treat various health disorders. This type of tourism activity due to such factors include the health and welfare and especially the economic benefits and job creation has been noticed by countries. Sarein in northwest of Iran also is such area having lots of potentials (especially in context of hydrothermal water) to developing Spa tourism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capacity of Spa tourism and the developing strategies for this branch of tourism in Sarein. This city due to different climate and lots of mineral water and springs having favorable conditions to develop of health tourism.The data and information has in this article gathered by documentary and equationary methods. In this research analytical models and QSPM strategic planning techniques have been used to answer the questions and prioritize strategies. Samples determined by using Morgan table. The volume of samples is 80 including 40 tourists and arrivals and easer 40 person in local communities.The results of this research shows that advertising, developing of residential and accommodation infrastructures and services especially by corporate of private sectors, improving communication and transportation system and attracting foreign investment are such emergency strategies to developing health tourism in sarein.

1. The establishment of industrial towns in Iran has been along with an emphasis on the global efforts to apply local potentials as well as paving the way for the regional development. The initial efforts in Iran to establish industrial areas began in 1933 in Karaj. In this framework, Alborz Industrial City which was started in 1967 around the village of Alvand in a 900-acre area followed two main goals: "industrial decentralization from Tehran" and "development of Qazvin as a separation area between Tehran and western as well as eastern areas". With these changes, the village of Alvand has turned to a town in 1361 and the villages around it started getting developed. Finally, in 2004 this area was recognized as a town around Qazvin. The development of the Alborz Industrial City during the last years has affected the mobility and sustainability of the adjacent villages. The longitudinal as well as the population development of this city is a prominent example of this issue. It is expected that this developmental process influences the features of adjacent villages. Therefore, we can evaluate the influence of this city on the sustainability of the features of development of adjacent villages through a reliable as well as novel technique. This is why in this research we have tried to apply Prescott Allen method to analyze the issue and answer the following questions: what is the level of sustainability of the villages adjacent to Alborz Industrial City? Do these features and the various aspects of sustainability in the adjacent villages go on the same direction? Is there a significant relationship between the distant of the adjacent villages of Alborz Industrial City and the level of sustainability of these villages being studied?
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: Nowadays, the issue of sustainability is the most significant issue in all activities and the plans of rural development. The notion of sustainability in the framework of this research reveals the balance and mobility of rural residential areas related to the ecological-natural, social-cultural and contextual-spacial structures. It seems that the development of industry guarantees the sustainability of the areas adjacent to it through time-spacial processes. Instead of focusing on just the economical aspect, the sustainable development designs a philosophy of social as well as environmental aspects in an economic viewpoint and monitors it in the atmosphere around it. In fact, the simultaneous function of these three aspects lead to welfare, poverty uproot and everyone's exposure to good life as well as development of the future generation's exposure to the environmental resources available in the rural areas. Reaching these goals also requires some changes and corrections in the rural industrial planning such as industrial cities and industrial areas as well as the evaluation of various aspects of sustainable development.
3. The present research is fundamental in terms of goal and scientific in terms of method. In this research, questionnaires have been used to gather information from the studying society. The statistical community of the research included the residents of the villages "Piryusefian" and "Nosratabad" in Alvand town. The samples were selected from the local society in a random systematic way. The distribution ratio of the samples in this study was stage-based and based on the population of the villages. Two models of Prescott Allen sustainability barometer and the development features of the sustainability of radar were evaluated in this research. The selected features relevant to the development sustainability included 5 social factors, 4 economic factors, 4 contextual factors and 3 environmental factors. Each of the above-mentioned factors include some sub-factors that consist of 23 social sub-factors, 15 economic sub-factors, 17 environmental sub-factors and 16 contextual sub-factors.
4. The findings show that the expense of households In terms of income and employment, economic well-fare and economic justice, the under studying villages are in an average level of sustainability and in terms of economic stability, they are in a potential instability level. In terms of economic factors, the villages of "Mashaldar" in the district of "Piryusefian" and "Kochar" in the district of "Nosratabad" have got a better level of sustainability and are in an average level of sustainability. In terms of the environment, both districts have got average levels relevant to environmental variation. Generally, in terms of local community, the sustainability of the villages of "Piryusefian" district including "Mashaldar, Ghadimabad, and Piryusefian" are in an instable situation and in terms of society, environment and context, they are in an average level of sustainability. Also the villages of "Nosratabad" district including "Kochar, Kamalabad and Hasnabad" are in an average level of sustainability in terms of economy, environment and context and they are in a potential sustainability level in terms of society. The analysis of the findings reveals significant relationships between sustainability in term of context and sustainability level in term of society. The analysis of the level of sustainability correlational as a dependent variable and the distance as an independent variable demonstrates that as the distant of the studying villages increase from Alborz Industrial City, the level environmental sustainability in the rural areas increases as well. Also by the increase of the distance of the villages from the Alborz Industrial City, the level of economic, social and contextual sustainability decreases
5. The findings of this research reveal that those villages closer to Alborz Industrial City are more sustainable in all aspects except environmental one. Also this study showed that being close to Alborz Industrial City has not led to the fall of environmental sustainability features critically. According to the analyses and findings, in seems critical to find efficient solutions in order to prevent turning useful agricultural lands to industrial and non-agricultural ones in the framework of providing a complete plan or establishment of centralized rural residential areas. Also according to the low number of industries and factories work based on the products produced in the adjacent villages, the presence of this city has not yet led to the complete or high sustainability of the economic features among the resident families.