asghar teymouri

Today, transportation as one of the most important structural elements affects the development of cities and is reciprocally affected by it, and the lack of attention to the appropriate transportation system in many cities, especially in developing countries, the prospect of instability. Has figured for these cities. Urban development in most cities of Iran, including the city of Zanjan due to unreasonable urban management and planning, is going through a process that will result in nothing but the instability of life in these cities. Therefore, the need for research on the application of transportation-oriented development approach in Iranian cities has been raised more than ever. Therefore, the present study has been carried out with an applied nature and descriptive-analytical method with the aim of investigating the feasibility of transportation-based development (TOD) in Zanjan. After reviewing the world literature, extracting the principles of TOD, conducting field studies and documents and maps obtained, the characteristics of the study area were identified and then according to the principles of TOD and the characteristics of the study area, 4 criteria and 16 sub-criteria as The research criteria were selected to evaluate the capability of Zanjan city areas for transportation-oriented development, and after preparing a questionnaire, experts and city managers were asked to identify priorities based on pairwise comparisons. The results of combining criteria and sub-criteria and prioritization by AHP method show that transportation and traffic criteria and physical criteria are among the criteria of high importance in assessing the ability of Zanjan city areas to develop transportation-oriented and finally feasibility using the process Hierarchical analysis was performed in ArcGIS software and the findings indicate that areas 3-1, 3-2, 2-1, 4-4 have a high capability in terms of transport-oriented development compared to other areas. It is suggested that they be considered as pilot areas for the implementation of transportation-oriented development in the city of Zanjan.

Increasing urbanization in the urbanized world has posed major challenges to the sustainability of metropolitan areas, especially in developing countries in various aspects of sustainable development, and has provided them with the prospect of unsustainable development. Excessive land use and its consequent land use changes and land cover are one of the environmental problems caused by the high concentration of population and activity in metropolitan areas. This study is an applied one in order to monitor the environmental changes caused by spatial expansion of Tehran metropolitan area by descriptive-analytical method and by using remote sensing and GIS techniques land use changes and land cover caused by spatial expansion of Tehran metropolis. Has evaluated and analyzed Tehran. The results indicate that the area of ​​land increased from 34316.1 hectares in 1365 to 68252 67.95 in 1595/6117 hectares related to changes in agricultural lands, orchards and water area. Be it. The results of the Markov Chain Model prediction of the probability of land use changes and land cover up to 1405 also indicate that land use and land cover changes will continue in favor of constructed lands. It is concluded that Tehranchr('39')s metropolitan area has expanded beyond the demographic and ecological thresholds and has led to a significant structural disruption to the environment by moving toward the natural environment. Accordingly, the need to pay attention to new approaches to urban development as well as to provide decentralization scenarios can be a major step towards resolving environmental problems caused by over-spatial expansion.

Housing as one of the basic human needs a significant impact on the health and improve the quality of life of individuals. The quality of housing as one of the main foundations of a comprehensive program and a necessary tool for expressing the various dimensions of economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical development of sustainable, has a special place in urban planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial quality of housing quality in urban neighborhoods in central Zanjan city. The type of research is applied and descriptive-analytic in nature. The information gathering method was used by the library method (set of statistical blocks of 1395 and detailed plan of 1394). Combined methods of the Tedim model and the geographic information system are used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that inequalities are found among the middle areas of Zanjan city. In the residential areas, 18.91% of the low-quality housing, including the besim neighborhoods, ghabrestan balla, Vahdat, Khatam, Amadgah, Goljak Abad, 21.80% of the dwellings The relatively low quality of the ashaghi gabristan, the shahada, Meydan enghelab , alley waliasr, Niksazan, 22.71% of the average quality housing, including the district of the Forodgah, Rajaee Town, Amjadiyeh, Najaem, Qadas, Fateh, 17.43% of the relatively high quality housing Which includes eastern Ansariyah, Vahidieh, Shoghi, 17  Shahrivar, shahada masged, Goniyeh, Jachr('39')fariyah and ultimately Lots of Azadi, Ansarieh, Etemadieh, Black Alley, North Saadi 19.15% of the houses are of high quality.

With the advent of the information age and the growth of new communication technologies, the idea for the learning society has affected all human social relations and provided public learning for all people regardless of any differences. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of learning activities in urban spaces, it is necessary to pay attention to the location of these services and the benefit of all citizens from them. Accordingly, the present study, with the aim of spatial analysis relationships between demographic and physical factors as basic principles in the realization of learning city has examined spatial heterogeneities in urban neighborhoods of Zanjan.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The method of data collecting is documentary-library. To analyze the findings, Moran's self-correlation technique and geographical weight regression model were used.

The results of the use of Moran statistics show that the spatial self-correlation between all the indicators measured is positive and follows the cluster pattern. Following the existence of such a pattern, the assessments made using the GWR model show that the population index required for education with 13.5% has the highest impact factor on the transformation of Zanjan into a learning city. Also, considering the adjusted R2 values equal to 43 and 32%, the GWR modeled the spatial relationships between the variables with acceptable accuracy and was able to predict spatial inequalities and optimal deployment ranges of the centers in the coming years.

The findings show that most of the neighborhoods of Zanjan suffer from spatial imbalances in terms of the appropriateness between the learning land uses and their population. This is much more severe in the case of the Bisim, Islamabad and Trans neighborhoods with an illiterate population of 40.6%. Therefore, urban management should prevent gaps and social-spatial inequalities between urban areas and neighborhoods through proper planning in the fair distribution of learning services and make it possible to achieve learning city in Zanjan neighborhoods by determining the optimal location of learning land uses

In a rapidly changing urbanized world, providing healthy and affordable housing is a key priority for all governments. Today, the concept of housing is not just a shelter; it plays a vital role in achieving sustainable development. Access to sustainable housing in many developing countries due to the rapid growth of urbanization is faced with many problems like financial, managerial and capacity problems that have led to the formation of low-quality housing, the expansion of slum and urban segregation. Accordingly, the present study aims to analyze the quantitative indices of housing with a sustainable approach in Zanjan urban areas. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and by using the TODIM technique in the GIS environment, the analysis of the sustainability of quantitative indicators of housing in urban areas has been addressed. The required data are collected through library studies such as the Statistical Block of Housing 2011 and related documents. The findings of the study showed that housing in urban areas of Zanjan faces problems such as the increasing number of people in the room, the density of the household in the residential unit and the lack of housing insecurity, and density of the room in residential units in terms of sustainable housing principles. Based on the results of TODIM technique, the housing indicators in the areas of 1-3 (Islamabad, Sa'dia), 1-2 (Darmangah, Shohada, and Fatemieh), and 2-5 (Bisim, Trans, and Bonyad) are less sustainable.

In a world that is rapidly urbanizing and changing, Sustainable Housing Strategy Considering the negative impacts of urban growth is proposed solutions to minimize urban challenges, especially in relation to housing.This research has investigated the sustainability of housing indicators through quantitative and qualitative method in urban areas by sustainable housing approach

The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of collecting documentary-library information is such as the general census of population and housing in 2016 and the detailed plan for 2016. To analyze and analyze the Arc Catalog software for data preparation, the network analysis process model was used to weigh the criteria, and the Todim model and the Moran model were used to measure the stability of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators.

Research findings show, district 5 in region 3 (Niksazan, Valiasr, Zafaranieh, Shahryar, Mirdamad, Manzarieh, Laleh, Baharestan, Ansarieh) in terms of housing indicators is very stable. But the district 4in region6(Golshahr Kazemieh) and other low and middle-income regions areas such as district3 in region1(Islam Abad), district 5 in region 2(Bisim), district 2in region1 (Fatemieh, Shohada, Golgek Abad) are low stable. Totally, 27.5% of houses are very stable, 16.1% have low stability, 21.3% have a moderate stability, 11.6% have a high stability, and23.5% are very stable, which shows the instability of housing in all25 districts of Zanjan City. Also, the findings of the Moran Index shows that the spatial distribution of sustainability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in25 districts of Zanjan City has a cluster pattern, Indicates a clear gap in terms of the sustainability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Zanjan25 districts

Therefore, in order to take the necessary measures to reduce spatial inequalities in the quality and quantity of housing in Zanjan city areas, it seems necessary to develop a codified program based on spatial justice to reduce its inequalities.

The rapid growth of population and its concentration in cities along with the inefficiency of comprehensive urban plans for mitigating such problems have emphasized the necessity of considering novel approaches in this regard for developing countries. The current study analyzes and evaluates City Development Strategy (CDS) Indices using a strategic planning approach in Zanjan City. The main objective of the current study is to analyze the state of indicators of city development strategies (CDS) in Zanjan City in order to identify and understand the status of the strategic pattern and propose strategies and method for improving these indictors. The current study is an applied one which utilizes a descriptive analytical methodology. Moreover, the required data are obtained using library studies and surveys with a statistical population of 430,871. Using the adjusted Cochran’s formula, 322 participants were selected as the sample of the study, who were asked to complete the questionnaire of the study, which was developed based on the opinions of 60 authority figures of the city. The obtained data were analyzed using the SWOT technique, and the quantitative matrix of strategic planning was used for ranking the strategies. The findings from the matrix for evaluation of internal and external factors show that the final score of internal factors is 2.26 while the final score of external factors is equal to 2.40, which are both less than 2.5. Therefore, it can be surmised that the indicators of city development strategies (CDS) are weak in such a way that the internal-external (IE) matrix for the state of City Development Strategy (CDS) Indices shows that among the four state of aggressive, conservative, defensive, and competitive, these indices are at the defensive position. Therefore, the City Development Strategy (CDS) Indices for Zanjan City are at the worst possible state. The final results obtained from the quantitative matrix of strategic planning propose four defensive strategies, including WT1 (establishing cooperation and collaboration among urban organizations and authoritative bodies for city development), WT4 (the need for urban organizations and bodies to follow the law and prevent the interference from groups which are irrelevant to the development and management of the city), WT3 (increasing the power of the city council and citizen activists to increase the participation of citizens), and WT2 (considering environmental issues in order to realize sustainable development andcreate a healthy city), as the main strategies that can be implemented.

Urbanism rapidly expansion and development during last four decades has caused spreading of the physical space of cities and destruction of surrounding lands while most of them are high quality agricultural lands and gardens. The urban sprawl or low density development of cities has been one of the main urban debates because many cities have faced with its negative impacts. The term of “urban sprawl” is highly politicized, and almost has negative connotations. It is criticized for causing environmental degradation, intensifying segregation, undermining the vitality of existing urban areas and attacked on aesthetic grounds. This term has also become a rallying cry for managing urban growth. Iranian cities also have experienced this phenomenon and many researches have been conducted in this field in last few decades. This term has translated to horizontal urban expansion and uncontrolled growth in Persian language. Generally, urban sprawl refers to uncontrolled and disheveled development of suburbs. Webster’s dictionary has defined sprawl as disheveled urban development. During the last decades, rapid peace of urbanization has led to physical development of cities and their surrounding areas and resulting in destruction fertile agricultural lands. The major consequences of urban sprawl include inflated infrastructure and public service costs, energy inefficiency, spatial disparity in wealth between cities and suburbs, alteration of ecosystems patterns and processes, loss of farmlands and open spaces, increase in temperature, increase in fossil fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, reduce in water quality and quantity, and more unpleasant and monotonous suburban landscapes. The Gradual expansion of city to agricultural and orchards lands has led to many environmental impacts. One of the major problem of Iranian cities is urban sprawl and its negative impacts such as development of informal settlements, deterioration of agricultural land, overpopulation in the cities, inability to meet some of the services and in cities, disruption of physical tissue, environmental problems, especially pollution and the chaotic urban landscape. Assessing the city development process and understanding of land use changes patterns are essential to appropriate planning. This paper aimed to evaluate city sprawl and its impact on land use changes based on remote sensing and GIS techniques. Data have collected using documentary and field studies. Landsat TM satellite images for the years 1984, and 2012 were obtained from United States Geology Survey (USGS) and were utilized in this paper. Supervised classification fuzzy methods based on the severity of compliance was used to classification and changes of land use were analyzed using cross-tab model. The urban sprawl over the period of 1984 to 2012 was determined using Shannon’s entropy and Holdren’s model along with GIS tools. Shannon’s entropy is one of the commonly used and effective techniques for monitoring and measuring of urban sprawl. CA-Markov Model as a combined mode was used to simulate urban growth for future 10 years. The analysis of LULC changes has revealed that from 1984 to 2012, the built-up area has increased by greater than 6.401 hectares that is more than 43 percent. To analyze the urban sprawl, we need to demographic data and built up area. Population data is acquired from the Statistical Center of Iran and the built up area is calculated through the classification of satellite images. Findings from analyzing urban sprawl by Holdern model revealed that population factor has greatest impacts on Karaj development over the last 28 years. This factor has neutralized hideous urban growth. The amount of Shannon’s entropy of the city was close to the maximum value (2.302), showing an increase hideous urban growth in the study period. Karaj metropolis has dramatically increased in a short time due to proximity to Tehran as well as concentration of industries and services. Factors such as natural growth of population and immigration and transforming Karaj to an industrial and commercial city are key roles in city’s growth. Metropolises have profound impacts on hinterland and lead to major transformations of surrounding area due to increased population and mutual spatial impacts and functional relationships. Until 1966, the City of Karaj had an image like garden city. However, todays this city is characterized by inappropriate neighborhoods, improper construction along Tehran and Qazvin highway, multiple scattered urban systems around the villages in the Karaj hinterland, connection of small towns to the city due to growth of immigration and the destruction of green space, transfer of fresh water to Tehran for citizens’ consumption, abandoned streams of Karaj River and intentional and unintentional drying of gardens.