فهرست مطالب bahman karegar

Security policy making is one of the most important security issues of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the reason for this is that the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a country with its own strategic geographical position, has always been exposed to a multitude of threats at different levels in the contemporary world. Security For the security of the country and to deal with threats, it seems necessary to pay attention to the policies of how to deal with such threats in the field of security. The purpose of this research is to understand the security policy according to the top documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which were announced by the Supreme Leader. The main question is that according to the documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to what extent and to what degree is it effective and responsive to current issues in times of crises and threats? Security is used in upstream documents and it is considered as applied research, and the method used in data analysis is qualitative method. The preliminary findings of the research indicate that the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran pay special attention to security policy in all dimensions. Security policy, national security, threats and upstream documents are the things that are discussed in the twenty-year vision document and development laws, including the fifth law of development.

The justice-oriented city has emerged with the rapid growth of urbanization, and its physical manifestations begin with the concepts of unequal access to urban services, social, cultural, political and economic capitals, etc. The emergence of risk-taking models with different natural and human contexts in cities has brought the discussion of resilience into the scope of urban concepts. The purpose of the current research is to explain spatial justice in physical resilience of District 6 of Karaj metropolis. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and using Smart PLS model and Spss software based on documentary-field data. The results show the fact that there is little relationship between the population dispersion and the distribution of urban services in the studied area. The results of the Kolmogrof-Smironov test and the normality of the data distribution, from the one-sample T-test (T-test) in Spss software, in improving the physical resilience of the area, considering the realization of spatial justice and considering that the coefficient The significance (sig) calculated for the research indicators at the confidence level of 95% (less than the permissible level) is -5%, it can be stated that these indicators are against the physical resilience of the range with the Realization of spatial justice is not at a suitable level. According to the result obtained from the Smart PLS model, the fit of this model is confirmed by using the SMRM test, and the research indicators are ranked and shows a suitable pattern for improving the current situation and reaching the desired situation.

This study presents an approach that uses kernel density function algorithm and spatial autocorrelation analysis in an integrated way to facilitate the identification of accident prone areas and simultaneously evaluate the statistical significance of dense clusters. For this purpose, at first, data related to pedestrian accidents from 1995 to 1999 in District 5 of Tehran city were extracted from accident maps and their geographic coordinates were recorded in the GIS environment. Incident points were identified using KDE algorithm based on geographic information system. Then, hot clusters were evaluated for statistical significance using nearest neighbor, global Moran's and general G statistics. Finally, Anselin's local Moran's index was used to show the statistical distribution of phenomena in space and to analyze clusters and non-clusters. In general, the results of spatial statistics indicate strong clustering and the formation of clusters with a high density of accidents next to each other.

One of the ways to achieve safe traffic is to establish coordination in the executive methods of urban planning between organizations involved transportation. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of executive measures in reducing accidents, Has been implemented in urban planning management with the aim of promoting traffic discipline and preventing accidents in Gorgan. The type of research is analytical-descriptive. To collect data from the field method and in field studies, the Delphi method is used, by preparing a questionnaire, information. Required for collection and to obtain its validity, content validity was used and to calculate the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, the value of which was 0.81 calculated. The effect of management solutions with a coefficient 4.706 and safety regulation training with a coefficient 4.567 are more effective than other components in the executive methods of urban planning management on traffic discipline in Gorgan. Based on the research results, management strategies include; Utilizing the capacity surveillance cameras and intelligent recording of violations, public transportation with intelligent approach, including the use of advanced ATMS, geometric correction and improving road safety, including allocating sufficient funds to eliminate accident hotspots and improve urban infrastructure. In the field of traffic safety regulations training, using the capacity of cyberspace in order to promote the correct driving culture, the most impact and land use strategy, including city development in areas where municipal services are economically viable, have the least impact on promoting city traffic discipline in Gorgan.

One of the issues that most of the world's big cities are dealing with is the occurrence of natural disasters and hazards. Considering the unexpected nature of most natural hazards, it is necessary and needed to use a suitable model for crisis management. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide a model of urban crisis management in the 11th district of Tehran.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature, which was carried out using a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. The sample size of 314 people was obtained by using the Cochran formula and 15 experts were interviewed using the snowball method.

Crisis management as a reaction to a crisis situation includes a series of continuous and dynamic operations and measures, which generally can act differently depending on the time and place where the crisis occurs, based on the classical principles of management including planning, organization, leadership and control organizations. In this regard, in the current research, a local model based on factors affecting urban crisis management was extracted and after analyzing the quantitative data, the effect of crisis management components in urban areas was confirmed.

Today, with the urbanization of societies and the tendency of people to urban environments, attention to a better way of living has been prioritized. In this regard, the dangers caused by natural phenomena and climatic accidents that threaten humans, neglecting the correct location of cities, the growth and development of established cities, as well as the lack of necessary planning to prevent the unbridled growth of cities. Therefore, it is necessary to use a suitable model that includes all dimensions, components and effective indicators of crisis management in urban areas.

The aim of this study was to explain the dimensions and components of the Iranian-Islamic approach in recreating urban historical green spaces of descriptive-analytical type. شد. In the document analysis section, the existing documents in the Parks and Historic Green Spaces Organization of Tehran Municipality, as well as the Municipality of District 7 of Tehran, are examined in detail. In the other part, it was in the form of objective and field studies that a questionnaire was used to ask these questions and the amount of information, knowledge and how the relationship between research variables. Six months of the research period were allocated to the distribution of questionnaires among citizens. According to the sample size and by selecting the largest park in terms of area in each area, the parks of Shahid Tavakoli from District 1, Duqt from District 2, Baharshiraz from District 3, Shahid Monfredniaki from District 4 and the Palace Museum from District 5 were referred to 77 questionnaires were distributed. In order to analyze the data, the results of the questionnaire were divided into two parts: descriptive statistical methods including: frequency, index and mean as indicators of central tendency, amplitude of variance, variance and standard deviation as indicators of dispersion and standard error as Distribution indices and in inferential statistics method from 10 to 30 and 2 regression are also given. Findings showed the correlation coefficient obtained from management satisfaction

Population is considered as an effective factor in shaping the power of countries, especially in military, political and economic aspects. So that population growth in a society and country means more power of the rulers. Therefore, usually in theoretical discussions, the concept of national power is defined as the ability, ability and capacity of a country with a nation to use its own material and spiritual resources with the aim of exercising spiritual will and achieving national goals and interests, and this is where the importance of the factor comes from. The population is prominent in the production of national powerThe purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the population in the production of national power and promotion of national authority. In order to carry out this research, several methods were used, which are: the method of reviewing scientific documents and documents with a background approach and the method of content analysis with both in-depth and broad approaches. The current research is of an applied type and its statistical population is the books and articles that have been written about measuring national power and have presented a formula for this. The result of this research shows that in all the studied models, the population is seen as a main factor of power and has the highest coefficient of importance in the calculation of national power. This factor causes the growth and promotion of national authority in the country.

Population is considered as an effective factor in shaping the power of countries, especially in military, political and economic aspects. So that population growth in a society and country means more power of the rulers. Therefore, usually in theoretical discussions, the concept of national power is defined as the ability, ability and capacity of a country with a nation to use its own material and spiritual resources with the aim of exercising spiritual will and achieving national goals and interests, and this is where the importance of the factor comes from. The population is prominent in the production of national powerThe purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the population in the production of national power and promotion of national authority. In order to carry out this research, several methods were used, which are: the method of reviewing scientific documents and documents with a background approach and the method of content analysis with both in-depth and broad approaches. The current research is of an applied type and its statistical population is the books and articles that have been written about measuring national power and have presented a formula for this. The result of this research shows that in all the studied models, the population is seen as a main factor of power and has the highest coefficient of importance in the calculation of national power. This factor causes the growth and promotion of national authority in the country.

According to evidence and statistical findings, the planet's climate, especially in urban areas, is moving towards warming. One of the unintended and negative effects of urban development is the increase in the temperature of the urban environment. Large urban population, irregular urbanization pattern, inadequate green space per capita and heterogeneous distribution of green space in Tehran have increased the intensity and multi-nuclearization of the heat island. One of the ways to reduce and modify heat islands is to pay attention to urban management to recreate green spaces. The purpose of this study is urban management and regeneration of green spaces and its effect on the modulation of heat islands in Tehran. First, the effective factors in creating thermal islands were identified and satellite images of surface temperature were studied and the trend of thermal islands and green space of the region was studied using satellite images. Plant species compatible with the study area were identified and then the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of green roof were investigated using the SWOT model. Showed that during the statistical period of 1390 to 1399, the trend of thermal islands in the region has increased that the increase of thermal islands is synonymous with the lack of green space in the area and based on the scores obtained from the SWOT model, the green space of the study area is in an aggressive state

Traffic accidents are leading causes of death and caused financial and body injuries to humans and have severely threatened those societies' social, cultural, and economic consequences. In this study, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) has been used in GIS software environment to model the spatial relationships of pedestrian accidents. The independent variables of precipitation, temperature, and wind participated in the model and analyzed spatial accident. The results show that 88% of the dependent variable (pedestrian accidents) is explained by rainfall, 78% by temperature, and 84% by wind speed. Also, in 1183 recorded accidents out of 2518 from 2016 to 2020, the role of climatic components (rainfall, temperature, and wind speed) is very clear that the accidents are mostly concentrated in the center of 5 District. In the second square of Shahran, North Shahin Blvd towards Abshenasan Hwy, Ferdows District (Salimi Jahromi St and Ferdows Blvd Intersections), Sazman Barnameh St (Allameh Jafary Hwy and Bakri Hwy Intersection), South Jannat Abad (35 meters of Eastern Laleh St, South Shahin Blvd, and around Chahar Bagh Sq), there is the highest coefficient of determination and correlation between accidents and climatic components. In this regard, the analysis indicates that in more rainfall, higher temperatures and higher wind speed, accidents in these areas are more severe.

Although improving the quality of life in informal settlements and urban areas has long been the focus of experts, but in recent years it has become more common in the country's development programs and policies. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustainable urban regeneration programs on improving the quality of life of residents of informal settlements (case study: Rasht). Due to the nature of the subject and the objectives of the research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the information is collected in the form of documents, libraries and surveys using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups: 1) citizens living in the areas; 2) Experts and specialists related to the issue of urban regeneration in Guilan province. The sample size was announced using Cochran's formula for the first group of 400 people and for the second group of 300 people, which has been sampled in an unlikely way. Also, for data analysis, structural equation modeling methods with partial least squares approach and t-test were used. The results showed that sustainable urban regeneration programs have a positive and significant effect on the quality of life of informal settlements. It was also found that the status of the mentioned programs in Soleimandarab neighborhood was successful, Ainak was relatively successful, Paskiab was relatively unsuccessful and in Nokhodchar neighborhood was unsuccessful and the quality of life in Soleimandarab neighborhood was relatively favorable, Ainak was relatively unfavorable and in Paskiab and Nakhodchar neighborhoods was unfavorable.

Expansion and urban spaces sprawling are one of the important areas in the field of urban research that requires its own policy-making and planning. The nature of urban creep largely determines the type and manner of planning. Therefore, identifying the type and direction of urban creep using efficient techniques and methods is of particular importance. In this regard, the present study has investigated the effect of human gatherings on urban creep in Iraq using remote sensing (RS) techniques. Among the man-made gatherings and gatherings, the Arbaeen March has been selected because of its increasing importance and quality. The findings show that urban creep in Iraq has increased since 2003, in areas directly and indirectly exposed to the Arbaeen sidewalk; this increase has occurred both in terms of area and in terms of urban density. Comparison of urban growth during Saddam Hussein's rule in Iraq (1980 to 2003) added to the land use area each year showed a fourfold urban Sprawling.

The development of urbanization after the nineteenth century has turned urban settlements into metropolises and megalopolises. The emergence of this phenomenon has faced the planners and officials of urban affairs with challenges in the field of ensuring the security of citizens. Locating, which means finding areas with capacity and proportion to load the city's land uses, is something that can be used today in the field of security.

This research utilized an applied approach and with a descriptive-analytical method. In the first step, after receiving different layers of urban land uses in locating police centers from different organizations and after calculating the weights of criteria and sub-criteria using hierarchical analysis model, distance maps are made in GIS software. Further appropriate areas were identified for the development of law enforcement use.

Examining the distribution of police stations in the second and fourth districts of Qom, it was found that the distribution of police stations in these areas is faced with unbalanced spatial distribution and only a few police stations and police stations face many problems in securing the city.

The expansion of the protection zones of police stations and police stations in large cities makes neighborhood control very difficult. In addition, the lack of infrastructure and police facilities are among the reasons for the reduction of these surveillances. In this study, by examining the urban infrastructure in areas two and four, suitable zones for the development of law enforcement use were identified and displayed by a map.

 Today, urban management has been transformed, and cities are being managed for the sake of greater prosperity for citizens. Therefore, localism in the province of Tehran as a strategy with the aim of delegating power and resources to local managers and far from central control can create democratic communities and communities in order to achieve a minimum level within the agreed framework between the central government and the local government. Comes from national standards and political priorities. City councils have played an important role as an element of urban management in urban governance at the local level. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathology of the structure of the decision making system in urban Tehran process through descriptive-analytical method and using documentary-referential resources. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and experts in the field of study. Is. In order to investigate the most effective damage existing in the structure of the council decision making system in urban management process, the Dimetal technique has been used. Damage such as lack of legal and executive capacities to realize integrated management and disproportionate between powers and duties of councils are among the major threats to the structure of the decision making system in the urban management process in Tehran. Chi-Square and Cramer tests were used to evaluate the research hypotheses.

Light and lighting encompass different dimensions of urban life, thus the harmony and coordination of this process with environment and urban space is of great importance. Due to the importance of mental patterns in urban planning, present article analyzes the relation between mental dimensions of lighting and the spatial improvement of Tehran metropolis. The present article is developmental and applied in objectives and uses a descriptive-analytic method. At the same time, it takes advantage of statistical techniques such as factor analysis, correlation, t test and regression. The investigations indicate that lighting influences 3 different parameters, tourism, safety, attractiveness of the environment. Undoubtedly, the quality of urban lighting is considered to be especially important in attracting citizens to these textures. Therefore, it is necessary to improve lighting quality in the process of designing our urban textures. Findings show that the residents of the case study area have a low level of satisfaction regarding the quality of lighting.

One of the most serious crimes disrupting Order and Security In human settlements is the conflict between people. The dispute is a conflict or social dispute that is directly visible, occurs at least between two or more people or groups, and in its happening Material and spiritual contrast of interests plays a significant role. The statistics also show that disputes are the most frequent types of crime in rural areas of Khodabandeh town. The main objective of this research is Identification and analysis of the factors influencing the occurrence of fighting crime in rural areas of Khodabandeh town. In this regard based on available literature, conducted experiments and field observations the following variables were studied as the factors influencing the occurrence of crime in rural areas Khodabandeh: mental Health / aggression, social cohesion, ethnicity, deprivation / feeling of deprivation, dispute visionary experience, life satisfaction, legality / belief and trust in the official institutions of social control .
In terms of purpose this research is applied inquiry and in terms of methodology it is a survey research. Researcher-made questionnaire is used within the framework of Likert five options as a research tool. Based on this 195 reliable questionnaires were collected from the case area. One-way ANOVA, Chi-square test and Pearson correlation test, PCA Factor analysis (principal component analysis), and one sample T-test were used for data analysis. Finding: In summary, findings indicate that there is internal correlation component on each of the factors influencing the dispute crime. Eventually, based on the results, in comparison among the variables it seems that feelings relatively have more impact on dispute crime.
Theoretically, the results of this study have more compatible with the theory of relative deprivation. However, impact of six other variables seems obvious on the dispute. Therefore, knowledge understanding police commanders and managers about influential variables on the occurrence of dispute crimes in rural area especially the seven variables studied in this research, can be effective and helpful to mange such crimes by police.

For its residents, the neighborhood presents an opportunity to have informal interactions and create social cohesion. Identifying and distinguishing places and organizing them in ones’ mental structure not only allow individuals to have an effective performance but also are the sources of security and mutual understanding, and give them a pleasant and agreeable feeling. People seek physical clarity and places which are understandable and associated with their emotions and goals.
The present article attempts to investigate the importance of the creating public spaces, especially in the highly dense neighborhoods and its effects on the increased security of the residents in that this protects human privacy in his residence. First, the concept of “privacy” and its functions are examined theoretically. Then the characteristics and nature of public space (collective life) of neighborhoods and finally the role of creating public spaces in building and protecting privacy of the families will be addressed.
The research method is logical reasoning and a case study of on two highly dense residential areas of Tehran, Kazem-Abad and shams-Abad, along with field studies and a survey of the their residents through questionnaire. According to findings, in the present century (i.e., the last decade of the 14th century solar Hijri calender), a remarkably large population lives in the highly dense neighborhoods.
If you look at people from the perspective of slave traders, and their spatial needs are conceptualized only in terms of their bodies, the effects of overcrowding are ignored. However, if people are considered human beings that are surrounded by invisibles bubbles (i.e., their privacy) which can be measured, the architecture of such neighborhoods can be examined from a new perspective.

The countryside tourism is a category to tourism that is gaining more enthusiasts every day. It is expected that in future the countryside locations turn into one of the most important spots for such activities. Furthermore, many countries have managed to improve their social and economic standing by such activities. Hence, by utilizing SWOT analysis (matrix) and other effective indices of stable tourism and based on field observation, opinion of the experts involved in development of the countryside and the tourism associated with it, has been studied and evaluated. The results obtained show that within the studied indices for attraction, the strength lies within the type of residence and the architecture associated with the target village. The associated indices also show that the lack of proper residences or the improper conditions of them serve as the greatest weak point for attracting tourism. The index of damage to the environment as a threat to the stable tourism and its development in this village is under the investigation.