فهرست مطالب bahramali ghanbari hashem abadi

Becoming heads of households by women is one of the most common psychological and social issues. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy based on emotional schema therapy on balancing the dark personality traits, and increasing flourishing and cognitive flexibility among female heads of households.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all female heads of households of low socio-economic level. Among them, 30 females were selected through the convenience and purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (N=15) and control groups (N=15). Subjects completed the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Jonason & Webster, 2010), Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2009), and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). The experimental group received 10 sessions of emotional schema therapy and the control group received cooking training. Both groups completed the questionnaires in two stages before and after the intervention. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used to analyze the data.

Results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of dark personality traits, flourishing, and cognitive flexibility (p<0.001).

Thus, Emotional Schema Therapy could help balance dark personality traits and increase the flourishing and cognitive flexibility of female heads of household.

Criminal behavior is one of the topics that has long been the focus of researchers and specialists in behavioral sciences. The present study aims to investigate the causes of criminal behavior in male prisoners of Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces, Iran.
 

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. The categories were obtained by interviewing 26 male prisoners and 10 experts and reviewing 50 articles. In addition to the interview, data and the clinical dossier of the prisoner were also considered to identify the factors contributing to criminal behavior. The sampling method in this research is purposive. Data analysis was done in 3 steps: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.
 

The main factors influencing criminal behavior include psychological, family, cultural-social, and spiritual components.
 

The results indicate that various factors play a role in the occurrence of criminal behavior, and their identification in different cultures provides the possibility of developing an educational or therapeutic intervention.

Based on the results of various researches, one of the most important problematic factors that increase conflicts and even divorce is distorted perceptions,beliefs and thoughts of couples.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of rational-emotive-behavioral couple therapy on improving the communication beliefs of couples seeking divorce.

This Methodology was a quasi-experimental study with a control group and pre-test,post-test and three months follow-up design.The statistical population of this study included all couples seeking divorce who referred to the Aramesh Andisheh Counseling Center in Tabriz in the first 7months of 1400.The sample consisted of 30pairs of volunteers who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups.In the experimental group,10training sessions were performed for 90minutes.Participants in this research responded to the Communication Beliefs Scale in all three situations.Mixed Model ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Rational-emotive-ehavioral Couple Therapy has a significant effect in the post-test phase on the improvement of dysfunctional communication beliefs"Mind reading"(P<0.035),"Partners cann't change"(P<0.043)and "Disagreement is destructive"(P<0.001) and this effect has remained stable in the three months follow-up,The results also showed that in both post-test and follow-up stages in the experimental group,the scores of subscales of"Mind reading,Partners cannot change,Disagreement is destructive" in women were lower than those of men(P<0.001),which shows that Rational-Emotional-Behavioral Couple Therapy has been significantly more effective in improving dysfunctional communication beliefs and maintaining the effect of intervention on them.

this approach can be used as an effective intervention method to reduce and improve dysfunctional communication beliefs in couples' exchange relationships.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of group psychotherapy using the Transactional Analysis approach on the attachment styles of adolescent boys. The design was semi-experimental with a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The statistical population was male secondary school students in Mashhad. The sample consisted of 30 volunteers who were randomly divided into two groups, one experimental and one control, with 15 volunteers for each of them. Both groups completed the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). The experimental group participated in nine 90-minute sessions of transactional analysis group psychotherapy. Multivariate covariance analysis showed that group psychotherapy using a transactional analysis approach had a significant effect on secure attachment (partial Eta2=0.70) and avoidant attachment (partial Eta2=0.50). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for ambivalent attachment (P<0.05). It appears that group psychotherapy using a transactional analysis approach is effective on the attachment styles of adolescent boys, increasing their secure attachment and decreasing their avoidant attachment.

The evaluation of the tendency to marital infidelity is essential based on the influential personality factor mediated by attachment styles and sexual satisfaction.

This study aimed to evaluate the structural relationships of the tendency to commit marital infidelity based on the orientation of dialogue and listening and conformity with the mediation of attachment styles and sexual satisfaction

This study was conducted on all men and women referred to counseling centers in Mashhad, among whom 220 people were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tools included the tendency towards extramarital relationships, the Big 5-factor questionnaire, the Hazen and Shaver adult attachment style questionnaire, and the Hudson-Harris and Crosscup sexual satisfaction questionnaire

The five personality factors of neuroticism, extroversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness could predict the tendency to marital infidelity both directly and through three secure and avoidant attachment styles.

Based on the results, personality factors influenced extramarital relationships directly and indirectly, which can be used in premarital therapy to educate couples

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused approach training based on HMT/LMG and transactional analysis on the differentiation and resolving the Parent-Adolescent conflict.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest study of two experimental groups with a three-month follow-up and the statistical population included all female high school students in Mashhad in the academic year of 1399-1400 (12018 people). The sample size included 60 students along with their mothers who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly selected into two experimental groups (each group 30 people). In order to collect data from the measures of the Child’s Attitude toward Mother Scale  (CAMS), Murray Strauss conflict tactics (1990) and Strauss and Skorn and Friedlander's differentiation (1998), as well as Stewart and Joines (2009) transactional analysis training packages and Aikin and Aikin's (2017) Emotion-Focused (HMT/LMG) were used. Both groups completed the mentioned questionnaires and then one group received the transactional analysis intervention and the other group received the HMT/LMG program. At the end of the intervention, both groups completed the questionnaires.

The effect of time, group and time interaction in the Emotion-Focused (HMT/LMG) training group was significant for differentiation and conflict resolution compared to the transactional analysis group (p>0.001).

According to the obtained results, program HMT/LMG is recommended in Emotion-Focused training to increase differentiation and resolve conflicts during adolescence.

Divorce and destructive conflicts between couples are major endangering issues that cause mental disorders and harms in the family and endanger communities’ psychological health. So, many social institutions try to take preventive measures in this regard. Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon of marital relationships, the result of which could be couples’ aroused negative feelings. Couples may think differently about each other, and the difference would result in stress or tension among them. The decision for living together as a couple creates diverse expectations and various hopes, some of which will probably remain unfulfilled. Failing to manage different challenges or expectation of married life may lead to destructive behaviors. Destructive behaviors make worse the situation, make couples dissatisfied, and even in some cases may result in such behaviors as insulting, shouting, and criticizing the other one. If one of the couples face the negative behaviors, probably shows similar or worse behaviors. Several therapeutic methods have been proposed for helping couples to solve their conflicts, among of which is acceptance and commitment couples therapy. Acceptance and commitment couples therapy is a psychological method that aims helping those who experience a long-lasting problem or pain. Some studies have shown that acceptance and commitment couples therapy can positively impact on such marital variables as the quality of life, compatibility between couples, intimacy, marital satisfaction, interpersonal conflicts, and psychological distresses. Many scholars have paid attention to marital conflicts, since more examining feelings, behaviors, and cognition can help find more solutions for marital challenges. This research, then, tried to investigate the impact of acceptance and devotion couples therapy on marital conflict among those who have applied for divorce. The study tries to answer the following questions:Does acceptance and commitment couples therapy decrease the marital conflicts among the couples applying for divorce?Do the impacts of acceptance and commitment couples therapy on decreasing the marital conflicts last to the follow-up phase?

This semi-experimental research used a pre-test, post-test, and a follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all couples applying for divorce and referring to Andisheh Counseling Center of Tabriz, Iran, from May to December 2021. According Cohen’s table, 30 couples were selected as members of the sample. The couples were divided randomly into experimental and control groups (15 couples in each group). The experimental groups were trained using acceptance and commitment couples therapy over 10 sessions of 90 minutes, twice a week (and a follow-up session), and the control group did not receive any treatmen and were told that they were on the waiting list. Barati and Sanaei’s (2000) revised Marital Conflicts Questionnaire that includes 54 items was used to measure the type and extent of conflicts in marital relationships. The questionnaire has content validity. Its reliability coefficient of the questionnaire in was calculated using Cronbach's alpha to be 0.91. The collected data were analyzed at descriptive and inferential levels. Mean and standard deviation were used for the descriptive part and mixed model ANOVA was used for the inferential part of data analysis.

The average age of the participants was 34.34 and their marriage duration was 3 to 24 years. Most participants had been married for 3 to 6 years. Of 30 couples, 26.56% had no children, 26.55% had one child, 33.44% had two children, 9% had three children, and 3.35% had four children. Regarding degrees, of the 30 male participants, 3.4% had PhD, 20% had a MA/MSc degree, 26.5% had a BA/Bsc degree, 13.6% had an associate degree, and 36.7% had diploma. Of the 30 female participants, 16.6% had a MA/MSc degree, 46.6% had a Ba/Bsc degree, 3.4% had an associate degree, and 33.4% had a diploma. Descriptive statistics showed that the average score for the subscales and the overall marital conflict have decreased in the experimental group in post-test and follow-up tests, but no changes can be seen in the control group. Moreover, the significance of the difference between the groups regarding the scores was evaluated through mixed ANOVA, the normal distribution of the data was tested through Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity, and the interaction effect was measured through Wilk’s lambda test. Since both were insignificant, the data are normally distributed and the homogeneity of variances is valid. The analysis of the variance of intergroup and intragroup effects regarding marital conflicts in different situations showed the reduction of conflicts between couples in the experimental group (F=108.110, p=0.0001) and the stability of the results in the follow-up phase (F=39.40, p=0.001). Therefore, regarding Question 1 of the study, it can be said that acceptance and commitment couples therapy had reduced the marital conflict between couples in the experimental group over time. Regarding Question 2 of the study, the stability of the effectiveness of the intervention over time was approved.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment couples therapy reduces marital conflicts. The difference between marital conflicts in the experimental and control groups after the intervention is significant; that is, the average score of marital conflicts was lower at the post-test of the experimental group. According to Cohen, the effect size of 40% is medium. The effect size of this study was 49%, meaning that the effect is valid after three months. Accordingly, implementing each of the six stages of acceptance and commitment couples therapy (experiential avoidance, acceptance, cognitive dissonance, being present, self-monitoring, and values) improves the damage caused to different dimensions of the couples’ behavior, cognition, emotion, and relationship. This therapy increases couples’ intimacy, reduces their marital conflicts, improves the quality of their communication, and enhances their marital satisfaction.

The growing fear of infection following the spread of the coronavirus worldwide has posed a threat to the mental health of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional and neutral working memory training on improving rumination in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the sample group consisting of 42 individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder was selected by the available method according to the Vancouver obsessive-compulsive disorder questionnaire and structured clinical interview for psychiatric disorders and then they were placed randomly in Three equal groups. Pre-test and post-test included the Nolen-Hooksma rumination questionnaire. the interventions used was included of emotional working memory training for the first group and neutral working memory training for the second group, each of which was performed for 20 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of ANCOVA analysis showed a significant effectiveness of emotional and neutral working memory training on rumination in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (P <0.01). Also, emotional working memory training was significantly more effective in improving rumination than neutral working memory training (P <0.05). And MANCOVA analysis showed that working memory training had significant effect on the reflection subscale (P <0.01) and no significant effect on the subscales of depression and depression. According to the findings, it can be concluded that emotional processes of working memory play a greater role in the formation of rumination than neutral processes.

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic in the world has posed a serious threat to the mental health of people with OCD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional working memory training (EWMT) and neutral working memory training (WMT) on improving cognitive flexibility (CF) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in patients with practical obsession. The research design was quasi-experimental and consisted of two experimental groups, a control group, pre-test and post-test. The sample group consisted of 42 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to Heiman and Fooladi clinics in Mashhad in 1400 who were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into three groups of 14 people. CF Questionnaire and IU Questionnaire were administered as a pretest. Then EWMT for the first group and WMT for the second group were performed for 20 sessions each and the control group did not receive any intervention. After that, the post-test was performed. The results of MANCOVA indicate a significant effectiveness of EWMT and WMT on the variables of CF and IU in people with OCD (P <0.01). Also, EWMT was significantly more effective in improving IU than WMT (P <0.01) and the effectiveness of these two interventions was the same on the CF variable. According to the findings, it can be concluded that emotional processing of working memory has a decisive role in the IU and it seems that neutral processing of working memory forms the basis of cognitive function of CF.

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the emotion-focused therapy based on HMT.LMG approach (Hold Me Tight, Let Me Go) on regulating emotions and resolving parent-adolescent conflicts. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group design and a three-month follow-up assessment. The statistical population consisted of all 12018 female students aged from 14 to 17 years who lived in Mashhad city and studied over the academic year of 2020-2021. The research sample was selected through the multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method. Eight high schools with a total population of 1425 students were randomly selected. The child's attitude towards mother scale (CAM) was used as the screening test in order to identify child-parent conflicts.  A number of 30 daughter-mother pairs were then selected and randomly assigned into the study groups. The difficulties in emotion regulation scale and parent-adolescence conflict version of conflict tactics scale were used to collect data. Both groups completed the questionnaires and the experimental group received the the emotion-focused therapy based on HMT.LMG approach for 5 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups were then asked to complete the research questionnaires for the post –test and follow-up phases. The data was analyzed by multivariate repeated measurments ANOVA method using SPSS21 software. The findings showed that the effect of time, group, and time interaction in the experimental group was significant for resolving conflicts and regulating emotions capabilities.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and life satisfaction regarding the mediating role of emotional intelligence.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study Included Iranian adults living in Mashhad in 2021 with an age range of 18 to 60, from which 407 people were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using short form of NEO Personality Questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 1992), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (Petrides & Furnham, 2006) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and path analysis using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 software.

The path analysis results showed that the research model had a good fit. Neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness had a significant direct effect on life satisfaction and emotional intelligence. Components of emotional intelligence including perception and understanding self and others' emotions, optimism, self-awareness and social skills had a significant direct effect on life satisfaction. In addition, the mediating role of optimism in the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness and life satisfaction (p <0.05), the mediating role of self-awareness and perception and understanding self and others' emotions  in the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness and life satisfaction (p <0.001) and the mediating role of social skills in the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness and life satisfaction (p <0.001) was confirmed.

Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that personality characteristics affect life satisfaction through the mediating role of emotional intelligence; therefore, increasing people's emotional intelligence according to their personality characteristics is one of the ways to enhance life satisfaction.

Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples can feel happiness and satisfaction with each other. Recently, various therapy techniques have been developed to solve marital and family problems. The purpose of the study was to comparing the effects of group counseling based on solution-focused therapy and structural family therapy (SFT) on the marital satisfaction and family function among married women.

This interventional study was performed in three of groups married women (20 people as cases in two groups and 10 people as control group). The research population included of all married females referred to the Faculty of Education and Psychology clinic, at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in Iran. The instruments for data collection in this study were marital satisfaction scale (MSS) and the family function scale (FFS). Data analysis was done using SPSS 21 software and the analysis of covariance, and LSD post-hoc test were employed.

The findings revealed that there is no meaningful difference among married females who received SFT and solution-focused therapy (p>0.05); However structural family and solution-focused of group counseling compared with the control group had significant difference in the influence on family function and marital satisfaction (P=0.014 and P=0.024, respectively).

Based on the results, solution-focused group counseling had more effective than structural group counseling in improving family function and marital satisfaction.

Resilience and problem-solving is part of ingredient leads to persistence of their marriage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Satir Communication Family Therapy on Couples Resilience and Problem Solving. The study used a quasi-experimental design and it is based on the pretest, post-test with a control group. Statistical society includes the couples who applied to the Mashhad Ferdowsi psychology and counseling specialty polyclinic. The number of couples referring to participate in the study was 30 couples, of which sixteen couples were selected and divided into two control (8 couples) and an experimental group (8couples). Couples are between 25 and 45 years old and their education ranges from diploma to doctorate Both groups completed the resilience questionnaire of Coner and Davidson (Cd. Ris) and the problem-solving questionnaire of Hepner(psi). To analyze the data, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were utilized, by 24 spss software. The outcomes indicate that the group therapy based on Satir communication approach on couple resilience and problem-solving had significant effects in the post-test (P≤0/001). This treatment was able to increase the resilience and problem-solving of couples (F=64/60, 60/89).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorotime play therapy on improving the behavior and adaptive behavior of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all children aged 9-11 years with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under the auspices of Hazrat Ali Asghar (AS) Clinic in Rey in 2018-19 that 30 people were selected as a statistical sample and divided into two groups. (One experimental group and one control group) were randomly replaced. First, both groups were measured with Barclay Executive Activity Failure Scale (BDEFS-CA), adaptive behavior with the adaptive behavior scale of Limbert et al. (1974). They received 8 sessions of 60-minute fluorotime play therapy. At the end of the course, both groups were tested with the mentioned questionnaires.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that fluorotime play therapy was effective in improving the behavior and adaptive behavior of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this way, fluorotime play therapy reduces executive failure and also reduces behaviors. Unexplained in the experimental group (p <0.01).

Considering the effectiveness of fluortime play therapy on improving the behavior and adaptive behavior of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), fluorescence play therapy can be used as an effective method in attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by psychologists. To be placed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of professional skills training on social skills and adaptive behavior of male adolescents and youth with an Intellectual and Developmental Disability (IDD). The research method was a quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with a control group design. The sample consisted of 30 patients with an intellectual and developmental disability referred to the Ravanpooyesh center of Mashhad. Fifteen participants who were assigned in the experimental group received professional skills training for three month and fifteen participants who were assigned in control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS) rating scales (Gresham & Elliott, 1990) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS; 1980) before and after the intervention. Data were then analyzed using MANCOVA. The results showed that in the post test, participants who received professional skills training significantly showed higher social skills scores and adaptive behavior, compared to participants in the control group. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that professional skills training can improve social skills and adaptive behaviors of adolescents and youth with an intellectual and developmental disability.

Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of storytelling based on daily executive actions and the study of cognitive emotion regulation. However, research that has examined the effectiveness of storytelling based on daily executive actions on improving cognitive emotional regulation in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder has been neglected.

To determine the effectiveness of storytelling therapy based on daily executive actions on improving cognitive emotion regulation in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

The research was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The statistical population included 11-9 year old children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder with the support of Hazrat Ali Asghar (AS) Day Clinic in Rey in 2018. Were appointed. Research data collection tools include: Conners-Children's Parental Behavioral Problem Scale (Gwyneth, Connors and Allerich, 1973), Structured Clinical Interview (Researcher Made, 2018), Children's Cognitive-Form of Cognitive Formulation Questionnaire (Garnefsky et al. (2007) and Interventions of Moradian et al.'s story therapy intervention (2014). Data were analyzed using Levine test and analysis of covariance.

Storytelling based on daily executive actions on improving cognitive emotion regulation in children with attention deficit disorder / Hyperactivity had a significant effect (p< 0/01). Hbrdhay less maladaptive and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies gained more.

Children with ADHD who participated in story therapy sessions had fewer maladaptive strategies and more adaptive emotional cognitive regulatory strategies.

Marriage and pregnancy are vital events in womenchr('39')s lives and cause numerous changes in life, especially in the case of the first pregnancy. Fear of giving birth is among the major issues associated with pregnancy and postpartum. Irrational beliefs are exaggerated, inflexible, absolute, and unreal. Attitude toward life events and their interpretation could influence various aspects of life. Ineffective beliefs result in depression and mental health problems. Ineffective attitudes and beliefs lead to interpreting special situations negatively and decrease marital satisfaction. In women with the fear of first delivery, marital satisfaction and ineffective beliefs are considered as crucial in cognitive and behavioral training. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Training (CBGT) on marital satisfaction and ineffective beliefs in pregnant women unable to control the fear of first delivery. CBGT focuses on identifying the problems of a mother during pregnancy, concerning motherhood, herself, and the world, and that she can cope with them. 

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and an unequal control group. The statistical population consisted of pregnant women with the fear of first delivery referring to a health center in Quchan City, Iran, in the last quarter of 2018. The study samples were selected using Delivery Fear Scale (DFS). Accordingly, 39 pregnant women with the fear of delivery were selected and randomly divided into two experimental (n=20) and control group (n=19). They participated in the study voluntarily. The experimental group participated in CBGT (ten 90-min sessions). Three instruments were applied to collect the required data; Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire (CAQ; revised by Lowe, 2000, Jonez Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1986), and Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (AMSS; by Afrooz and Ghodrati, 2011). Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the obtained data at the significance level of (α=0.05) in SPSS.

The results of the analysis of covariance showed that cognitive-behavioral group education had a significant effect on dysfunctional beliefs and marital satisfaction of women with fear of first childbirth (p=0.003) and 25.5% of the variance of dysfunctional marriages (p=0.007) and 37.5% of variance explains the marital satisfaction of a woman who is unable to control the fear of childbirth (p<0.001).

According to the present study findings, CBGT positively impacted ineffective beliefs and marital satisfaction in the studied pregnant women with the fear of first childbirth. It is recommended that this method be used to improve the relationship between pregnant women and their spouses during pregnancy.

The aim of this study is investigating the effectiveness of Bowen Systemic Approach to promoting self-differentiation and marital satisfaction among Tork and Turkmen women.

The design of this study is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The participants included 150 Turkish and Turkmen women who were clients of Taemin-Ejtemaei Hospital of Bojnord. They were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control groups with 8 and 7 members. The experimental group received 8 sessions of transactional of Bowen while the control group was not offered any intervention. Before and after the intervention, "Marital satisfaction" and "differentiation" questionnaire was completed by the participants.

Bowen's system education has a significant effect on marital satisfaction and the distinction between Turkish and Turkmen women. But there is no significant difference in regard to effectiveness. The findings also confirmed that the training of the Bowen system approach improves the marital differentiation and satisfaction in the experimental group.

The goal of current dissertation is to study effectiveness of integration therapy on emotional self-awareness, assertiveness and meaning of life of inmates. Patients &   This study is applied study which has pre-test, post-test with control group and according to the accidental division is one of the semi-experimental models. Society of this study was all of inmates who were 6 month in jail at least and willing to come to the therapy and were in central prison of mashhad. Among all of them we chose 30 people targetly as a sample and divided them to experiment and control group. We used Life regard index made by Battista and Almond, Assertiveness inventory made by Gambrill and Richey and Emotional self-awareness made by Kauer and others, as tools of this study. After sixteen sessions of group psychotherapy, we re-test experiment and control group, then by using SPSS-21and MANCOVA we analyzed the results. Results showed that there was meaningful difference between the score of emotional self awareness and assertiveness of experimental and control group but there was no meaningful difference between meaning of life of two groups. so we figured out that integration group therapy could improve emotional self-awareness and assertiveness of inmates, but in meaning of life it couldn t affect meaning of life of inmates.

integrated meta-diagnosis therapy a structured and short-term approach designed to improve emotional, cognitive, and behavioral problems. This protocol emphasizes how to experience and respond to excitements, which seeks to improve the non-matching efforts of excitement, cognition and behavior                                                                                                                         

  Methods:

This study aimed to The efficacy of integrated meta-diagnosis therapy on    their differentiation and the difficulty of regulating excitement in patients with anxiety syndrome  The research method was quasi-experimental, with pre-monogram-post-sampling design. The sampling method was available with a sample of 24 subjects. After a structured interview, and the implementation of the Squaren self-differentiation    questionnaire and the difficulty in regulating the excitement of Gross, they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups                  

the  results showed that Barlow's integrated diagnostic protocol not only increased the level of differentiation in the experimental group compared to the control group, but also significantly reduced the level of difficulty of the excitement of the experimental group compared to the control group Get   .                                                                                                                                    

As a result, whileintegrated meta-diagnosis therapy increases the degree of differentiation that leads to improved emotional regulation, there is also a negative correlation between the level of differentiation and the difficulty of adjusting the excitement, and with increasing differentiation, the difficulty of adjusting thrill decreases.

The aim of this article is to determine the effectiveness of brief object relations psychotherapy on reduction of interpersonal sensitivity, interpersonal awareness and need for approval of individuals with Avoidant Personality syndrome. This is a Single – Subject A-B design with multiple baseline and one month following up. Statistical society consisted of all individuals 18 to 30 years old who referred to the Psychology Clinic of Faculty of Education and Psychology of Ferdowsi University after seeing the announcements of research design between February 2016 and March 2016. Sampling method was purposeful. 34 individuals referred to the clinic and among them 3 individuals had Avoidant Personality syndrome which selected by Millon Clinical Multitaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) and Structural Clinical Interview for assessing Axis II (SCID-II). The research participants at baseline, fifth, tenth and sixteenth sessions and one month after the intervention, responded to the interpersonal Sensitivity Measure questionnaire (IPSM). The brief psychotherapy accomplished in 16 sessions. Data analysis was done by using visual analysis chart, effect size and percentages of overlapping and non-overlapping data. Results showed that, brief object relations psychotherapy reduced the interpersonal sensitivity, interpersonal awareness and need for approval of research participants significantly at the end of the therapy and in the following up period. It can be said that brief object relations psychotherapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of individuals with avoidant personality syndrome.

Background and subject: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of metacognition questionnaire.
The population consisted of all students in Ferdowsi University in Mashhad. Using convenience sampling method, 344 students were selected as sample. The face and content validity (experts’ opinions) and structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were investigated to validate the questionnaire; the Cronbach's alpha was used to investigate the reliability.
Findings: Three factors (cognitive-emotional awareness, lack of cognitive-emotional ambiguity, and strategy) were determined in factor analysis. Considering the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, it was determined that the questionnaire had appropriate reliability. The high correlation between subscales and total scale score showed that all of them together measured a unit behavioral field called metacognition.
The findings showed that the different metacognition theories may be used to create a more comprehensive metacognition questionnaire which would measure both cognitive and emotional aspects of metacognition.

Patients often name post-operative pain as the most horrifying aspect of the surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of communication with patients on post-operative pain and agitation in the patients recovering from endoscopic sinus surgery.
This was a randomized clinical trial. Sixty patients scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups (30 patients in each group). A supportive and informative session was established for 20-30 minutes in two stages for the intervention group while the control group received routine information. After surgery, pain and agitation were assessed using the non-verbal pain scale, visual analog scale and Riker's sedation-agitation score.
The average pain scores in the recovery room by non-verbal pain scale and visual analog scale were (3.4±1.6) and (6.2±3.0) for the control group and (1.2±1.5) and (3.0±3.3) for the intervention group, respectively (P≤0.001). The average agitation score in the recovery room for the control group and the intervention group were (4.6±0.6) and (4.1±0.3), respectively (P=0.008).
The results demonstrate that simple communication techniques before the surgery can be effective in reducing post-operative pain and agitation in patients recovering from endoscopic sinus surgery.

Superego and metacognition consider as two important constructs within the psychodynamic and cognitive psychology domain. The aim of this research is to examine the link between superego and metacognition among students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
This is a cross-sectional study with a correlational design conducted among students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 1395. A sample of 206 male and female students was recruited from target population through convenience sampling and completed metacognitive inventory as well as Superego questionnaire. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 23 statistical package. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, & standard deviations as well as inferential statistics including Pearson correlation and independent t-test are applied on variables of current study.
The results indicate that there is a negative relationship between superego and metacognition (r=0.38, P Metacognition is weaker among those individuals holding stronger superego and therefore, they are more susceptible to neurotic disorders. With respect to the important role of metacognitive abilities on learning and education, it can be assumed that learning and education are also influenced by superego because of its impact on metacognition.

This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the group therapy using transactional analysis in couples’ communication patterns. The target population consisted of all couples referring to one of the psychological clinics in Mashhad to receive expert help on marital issues. Then, 16 couples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. The experimental group underwent 8 two-hour sessions of transactional analysis therapy. Measurement instrument in the study was Communication Patten Questionnaire (Christensen & Sullaway, 1984). All couples completed it at pre, post, and three-month follow-up treatment stages. The data has been analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).according to the findings, the males’ constructive mutual communication pattern of experimental group increased significantly in post-test and follow-up stage compared to the control group (P