borzoo amirpour

Children’s training is difficult enough for any family. Yet, for the parents of a child with a disability, worrying about their future can be overwhelming. In the meantime, a series of problems, including adverse psychological consequences, are imposed on mothers due to their closeness and more engagement in parenting duties as the cost of caring for these children. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy in reducing self-criticism and parental guilt of mothers with children with Phenylketonuria syndrome.

This applied quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pre-test, post-test, control group design. The statistical population of the study consisted of 37 mothers with children suffering from phenylketonuria in Delfan in 2023. Out of this population, 30 cases were selected and randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups(n=15 in each group). The intervention group (Based on the treatment protocol of Gilbert and Neff, 2007) received compassion-focused therapy training during eight two-hour sessions once a week. In order to collect data before and after the treatment program, two questionnaires, Hosseini Tari's parental guilt (2019) and Saadati Shamir's self-criticism (2018), were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 27) using descriptive indices and multivariate covariance analysis.

The findings pointed out that after controlling the scores of the pre-test stage, there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the post-test scores of self-criticism (Eta=0.232; P=0.017; F=6.636) and parental guilt (Eta=0.629; P=0.001; F=7.366).

As evidenced by the results of the present study and in connection with the practical background of the research, compassion-focused therapy significantly reduces self-criticism and parental guilt of mothers with children with phenylketonuria. Therefore, it is suggested to use compassion-focused therapy in psychotherapy and rehabilitation counseling for parents of children with special needs in order to improve the psychological health of their mothers.

Due to the nature of the nursing profession, confronting conflicting situations regarding values and facing moral dilemmas is inevitable. It can, in turn, interfere with cognitive function. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in reducing moral distress and enhancing cognitive fusion in the nurses working at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam.

The present study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design and a comparison group. The statistical sample consisted of 40 nurses working at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam in 2022, who were randomly assigned into intervention and comparison groups. Data collection was performed using the Moral Distress Scale Corley & et al (2001) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire Gillanders & et al (2010). Eight 90-minute acceptance and commitment therapy training sessions were held weekly; however, the comparison group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS 27 software using descriptive (frequency, percentage mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Chisquare, Independent T-test, Analysis of covariance) statistical tests. Ethical Considerations: The principles of research ethics were observed: explaining the research objectives to the participants, obtaining informed consent, maintaining privacy, data confidentiality, and providing the participants with the right to withdraw from the study at any stage of implementation.

The findings of MANCOVA indicated that Acceptance and Commitment Treatment has a significant effect on reducing moral distress and enhancing cognitive fusion in the nurses belonging to the intervention group compared to the comparison group in the post-test phase. (P<0.05).

Based on the findings of the present research, eight weeks’ acceptance and commitment group therapy turned out to be effective in reducing moral distress and enhancing cognitive fusion in nurses.

 Today, the insurance industry is considered one of the most essential factors in wealth and social well-being production. This industry is based on economic service and has a critical and sensitive position in economic growth and development, especially in developing countries. Since human resources are the most valuable capital to realize the goals of this industry, therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors related to the psychological empowerment of employees. Based on this, the current research was conducted to compare the quality of work life and job embeddedness based on the life orientation of optimistic-pessimistic nature in Kermanshah insurance offices.

 This study was a causal-comparative study in terms of goals and descriptive in terms of the data-gathering procedure. The sample size of the research was 280 people (62 women and 218 men) from the employees of Pasargad Insurance in Kermanshah city in 1401, which were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, Walton's Quality of Work Life (QWL), Ardalan et al.'s Job Embeddedness (JEQ), and Sheyer & Carver's Life Orientation (LOT) questionnaires were used. The research data were analyzed using SPSS-27 software and multivariate analysis of variance.

 The results of the MANOVA test showed that all the dimensions of the quality of work life are different based on the life orientation of optimistic-pessimistic nature. This claim is also true about the six components of occupational institutionalization and shows, that the dimensions of job embeddedness are based on the life orientation of optimistic-pessimistic nature have a significant difference.

 Optimism as a hopeful expectation in a specific situation can play a significant role in the quality of working life, and the desire to continue working and creating attachment to organizational tasks. As a result, it is suggested that managers prepare training programs for employees to adopt an optimistic orientation in life to reduce job abandonment and attachment to the organization, which is a consequence of job embeddedness.

The emerging idea of a health-oriented academic lifestyle, which shows the most common behavioral indicators in facing academic challenges and is adapted from theories of achievement motivation, has recently been at the center of health psychologists' research in the academic field. Hence, the present research was carried out with the aim of designing and testing a model related to the antecedents and consequences of the stress Corona based on the health-oriented academic lifestyle in students.

 This applied research had a descriptive, correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all the 10th grade male students of the Islamabad-Gharb city in the academic year of 2021-2022, (N= 888). The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size (n=268) and the sample was drawn via cluster random sampling method. To collect data, Corona Stress Scale (CSS-18) According to Iranian Lifestyle (Salimi et al., 2018) and the promoting and preventing educational health academic lifestyle behavior questionnaire (Salehzadeh et al., 2018) were used. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling with the partial least squares method, Smart-PLS 3.3 and SPSS 27 software was used.

The results of the research showed that academic optimism, academic engagement, and academic resilience have a significant effect on corona stress on students and corona stress has a significant effect on learned helplessness, Academic procrastination and on students' avoidance of work. Also, the proposed research model is supported by empirical data.

In general, based on the findings of the research, it can be stated that it is necessary to prepare for the management of the antecedents and consequences of critical and unpredictable conditions such as the coronavirus in the academic process of students.

The unprecedented Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has outstandingly challenged all aspects of individual lives, especially their sources of a meaningful life and spiritual well-being. Hence, we set out to investigate the role of existential thinking and meaning in life in predicting Corona disease anxiety in teachers.

This was a correlational-descriptive study carried out on two hundred sixty-nine volunteers from primary school teachers who were working in 2022 in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Participants were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method, and they were measured by questionnaires created in Google Form, including Alipour et al.’s (2020) corona disease anxiety scale, Scherr (2006) existential thinking questionnaire, and Steger et al.’s (2006) meaning in life questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed by IBM SPSS software, version 27 using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that existential thinking (r=-0.640, P<0.01), as well as, meaning in life (r=-0.668, P<0.01) had an inverse and significant correlation with corona disease anxiety. Based on regression analysis, existential thinking (β=-0.152) and, meaning in life (β=-0.329) negatively and significantly predicted corona disease anxiety.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that corona disease anxiety has a significant negative correlation with existential thinking and meaning in life. In addition, the findings of this study support the role of predictor variables in the prediction of teachers’ Corona disease anxiety. Generally, 41% of the total variance of corona disease anxiety is predicted by existential thinking and meaning in life.

Although childbirth and having children are considered a turning point and a pleasant event for women, the characteristics of the postpartum period are associated with unpleasant consequences and events that lead to numerous changes in mothers. For this reason, the need to care for mothers during this period and accurately identify the features of this period is undeniable. This study aimed to compare mental pain, catastrophic pain, and fear of childbirth in nulliparous women with and without postpartum depression.

This research was a descriptive-cross-sectional study conducted based on a causal-comparative design. The statistical population included all primiparous women in Kermanshah who referred to Motazedi Medical Center between February 2022 and April 2022. From the members of the community, 243 people were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. Sampling was done using the non-probability convenience method. The required data were collected using questionnaires, namely Edinburgh’s Postpartum Depression Inventory (2004), Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (2003), Sullivan, Bishop, and Pewick Pain Catastrophizing Scale (1995), and Harman's Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire (1998). Data were analyzed in SPSS28 using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), at a significance level of 0.05.

The results indicated that the mean scores of mental pain (M=66.49, F=60.65), pain catastrophizing (M=46.85, F=66.40), and fear of childbirth (M=50.22, F=65.01) were significantly higher in primiparous women with postpartum depression disorder than their counterparts without postpartum depression disorder (P<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study and in line with the research literature, it can be stated that emotions such as fear, cognitive distortions (e.g., catastrophizing and individuals' mentality in perceiving pain), and vulnerability are effective in depression after delivery.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the sexual training education program on the sexual knowledge and gender identity of female students of secondary school in Andimeshk city. The statistical population subsumed all the female students of the secondary schools. The sampling procedure was multi stage cluster method. A sample of 60 female students (two classes) was randomly assigned to two experimental (30) and control (30) groups. Data were collected via implementing the Role Identity Questionnaire In Different Cultures of Schertz et al (2008), the Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Scale of Farajnia et al (2014) and the Educational Package of Sexual Training Based on Iranian Culture of Hosseini Rostamie (2019). The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest and a 1-month follow-up design. Then the subjects of the experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of the educational program of sexual training and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed by applying multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA). The results indicated significant increase in the mean of sexual knowledge and gender identity in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase (p≤0.001). Based on the evidence of this study, the educational program used in this study could be used to enhance the sexual knowledge and gender identity of teenage girl students.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the classroom management training package, based on the selection theory, on the academic engagement of the first secondary level students in the academic year of 2020-2021.

The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research was all the students of the first secondary level in the academic year of 2020-2021, and two classes were selected in the accessible way after matching and were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The classroom management guidance package, which was validated in another study, was taught to the teachers of the experimental group and the control group did not receive any training. Rio's academic engagement questionnaire (2013) was used to measure students' academic engagement in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. To analyze the data with the help of SPSS software version 18, the statistical methods of univariate analysis of covariance, paired t test and covariance analysis with repeated measurements were used.

ANOVA results with repeated measurements for the variable of students' academic involvement showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test and no significant difference between the post-test and the follow-up of the experimental group (P<0.01), which indicates the effect of the intervention variable on the students' involvement in the post-test and the stability of the results. It was in the follow-up test. There was no significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test of the control group.

The instructional package of classroom management style based on choice theory has an effect on students' academic engagement.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the structural relationships between parenting styles and academic optimism with the mediating role of parents' positive perfectionism. The research design is descriptive-correlation and the statistical population includes all the male and female students of the second secondary level of Khorramabad city in the academic year of 1400, which included 19,500 students. Three hundred and seventy seven people were selected using the stratified relative sampling method and based on the Karjesi-Morgan table. The research tools included positive and negative perfectionism questionnaire (Terry Short et al., 1995), Alabama parenting styles child version (Samani, 2010) and academic optimism (Schennen-Moran et al., 2013). Research data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression and structural equation modeling with SPSS-27 and AMOS-24 software. Based on the findings of this study, the proposed model to investigate the causal relationships between research variables had an acceptable fit. The research results showed that parenting styles are directly and indirectly related to academic optimism through parents' positive perfectionism (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that parenting styles had a positive and significant effect on academic optimism and positive perfectionism of students (P<0.05). The effect of positive perfectionism on students' academic optimism was also confirmed (P<0.05). According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the model of structural relationships between parenting styles and academic optimism with the mediating role of parents' positive perfectionism has a favorable fit.

Since COVID-19 is a new disease with devastating effects worldwide, its emergence and spread aroused confusion, anxiety, and fear among the public.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of paradox therapy on the COVID-19 anxiety in adult population in Jahrom, Iran.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a two-month follow-up. The research population encompassed all individuals willing to participate in the present study who were residing in Jahrom during 2020-2021. According to the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, 30 participants with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety were selected using the convenience samplingmethod and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of paradox therapy; however, the control group remained on the waiting list. The research tools included structured clinical interviews and the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using Friedman’s statistical method.

The results showed that paradox therapy was effective in decreasing COVID-19 anxiety (P = 0.001) and its psychological (P = 0.001) and physical (P = 0.002) symptoms, and the scores of the COVID-19-induced psychological and physical symptoms in the posttest phase were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (P < 0.001). The decrease was noticed in the follow-up phase as well.

According to the results, paradox therapy can effectively reduce anxiety and its psychological and physical symptoms due to COVID-19.

The demand for Iranian society for cosmetic surgery is increasing. Many studies show that cosmetic surgery has many psychological dimensions. This study aims to investigate the roots of this behavior in Iranian society.

21 young women under 40 years of age were interviewed in a semi-structured interview and the data obtained from the interviews, after being written, were analyzed by the Van-Manen phenomenological method. 464 segments were coded.

The result of coding was 26 categories, 7 core codes, and 4 selective codes. Selective codes were extracted according to psychoanalytic theory. Finally, a model based on selective codes is presented to explain the behavior of requesting cosmetic surgery.

The negative body image is seen in all interviewees, which is accompanied by the expression of self-compassion, meaning "self-compassion based on appearance." The sensitivity of the individual to the judgment of society was the most common among the categories and the projection of his view of society is a defense mechanism that shows the most frequency in the sample. The model presented in this study states that when negative self-image is placed next to sensitivity to community judgment, compassion appears to be conditional, and the demand for cosmetic surgery increases. This model has been discussed in detail.

Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) is defined as the subsequent behavioral and emotional consequences of knowing that a traumatic event is experienced by an important person in life. Confronting these psychiatric conditions, possessing the traits and empowering internal resources on one hand and the presence of problems affecting the quality of life of hidden trauma victims on the other hand, can lead to different outcomes in traumatic stress disorder sufferers. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to design and develop a model related to the antecedents and psychological consequences of secondary traumatic stress disorder in veterans ‘spouses.

This descriptive study is a correlation study that deals with the modeling of structural relationships based on the partial least squares method. The study population consisted of 152 spouses of war veterans (women) with secondary traumatic stress disorder in Kermanshah province, Iran. Participants were included in the study through available sampling. Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire, Short Form of Sexual Self-Esteem Index (validated by Farrokhi and Fluid), Reiss et al. Self-Success Questionnaire, Ego Power Psychological Scale, and Secondary Injury Scale (validated by Rezapour Mirsaleh and Ahmadi) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and Smart PLS 3.2.8 statistical methods, coefficients of coefficient and regression coefficient and data model fit indices.

The fitting of the proposed model in the present study, from its structural dimension based on F2<0.15, Q2<0.002 and R2<0.33, and from the general dimension with respect to GoF=0.650 indicates strong fit in dimension. It was a whole model. T-Value<1.97 and coefficients of β path showed a significant and causal relationship between variables except ego power path with β=-0.009 and T-value=0.155.

Secondary traumatic stress disorder is influenced by personality traits (ego strength and self-esteem) and also affects sleep quality and sexual self-esteem. In addition, the results indicated that the conceptual model under study had acceptable empirical support for data fitting.