eghbal zarei

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a unified transdiagnostic Treatment protocol on emotion regulation and the quality of family relationships among Online video game-dependent female adolescents aged between 12 and 15. this research was conducted  with a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design, with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The study's statistical population consisted of all female students of the first secondary level of Bandar Abbas city in the academic year 2022-2021. Among this  statistical population, 34 students were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Participants responded to the Online Game Addiction Questionnaire by Wang and Chang (2009), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire - Short Form (CERQ-P-Short), and the Family Relationships Quality Questionnaire (Semnani, 2021). The experimental group underwent the metacognitive intervention as a group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes were arranged. The  Data were analyzed using repeated measures covariance analysis via the SPSS-24 statistical software. The results indicated that the unified transdiagnostic protocol significantly influenced emotional regulation (P < 0.01; Eta = 0.81; F = 132.93) and the quality of family communication (P < 0.01; Eta = 0.84; F = 170.18) among adolescent girls addicted to online video games in the pretest until the follow-up stage.Based on the findings of this study, the unified transdiagnostic treatment protocol can be used as an effective method to improve emotion regulation and the quality of family relationships.

This cross-sectional study proposed a model of job calling and collected data using spiritualty calling, job calling, job crafting, job well-being and job flow questionnaires. The model was evaluated in AMOS-21 and SPSS-21 using structural equation modeling. The path coefficients of job calling toward spiritualty calling, job crafting and job flow and those of job crafting toward job well-being and job flow were positive and significant. Using the bootstrap procedure showed the indirect effects of job calling on job well-being and job flow through job crafting. Job calling should be considered in recruiting teachers given the positive effects of job calling on job crafting, job well-being and job flow of teachers and positive effects of aligned job calling with organizational objectives on organizational efficiency. Acquainting teachers with the structure and applications of job calling is also crucial.

This research aimed to examine the relationship between thinking and problem-solving styles with marital satisfaction in women who experienced spousal emotional and cultural abuse. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women who had experienced spousal emotional and cultural abuse in Yazd city. Among them, 150 individuals were selected as the sample using purposive sampling method. The research was designed as a descriptive correlational. To collect data, the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Fowers & Olson, 1989), Thinking Styles Questionnaire (Sternberg and Wagner, 1991), and Problem-Solving Styles Questionnaire (Cassidy and Long, 1996) were implemented. The data were analyzed by applying Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression as main statistical procedure. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction, legislative thinking, executive thinking, hierarchical thinking, anarchic thinking, local thinking, introvert thinking, extrovert thinking and effective problem-solving styles. The results also revealed that marital satisfaction was significantly and negatively correlated with judicial thinking, monarchic thinking and inefficient problem solving styles. And that there was not existed a significant correlation between monarchic thinking, global thinking, liberal thinking, conservative thinking styles and marital satisfaction. The findings also showed that legislative thinking, hierarchical thinking, local thinking, introvert thinking, effective and inefficient problem-solving styles predicated 56.9 percent of the marital satisfaction variance (p<0.001). Other variables were not able to predict the marital satisfaction. Therefore, some of the thinking styles and problem solving styles in women who experienced spousal emotional and cultural misbehaviors could improve marital satisfaction by taking advantage of proper social and cultural contexts.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural relationships of rumination with the mediation of body image on the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder. This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The statistical population of this research was all women with bulimia nervosa disorder who referred to counseling and psychology centers of Tehran city in the spring of 2022 year. The sample of the present study was 260 people who were selected according to the inclusion criteria with using the purposeful sampling method. The research tools were included the rumination questionnaire of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991), anxiety subscale of the stress, anxiety and depression scale of Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) and body image concern inventory of Littleton et al (2005). The data of this study were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis methods in SPSS-21 and LISREL-8.8 software. The findings showed that there were a positive and significant relationship between rumination, anxiety and body image concern in people with bulimia nervosa disorder (P<0.01). In addition, rumination model with the mediation of body image concern on the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder had a good fit. Also, the effect of rumination on the anxiety was significant (P<0.001), but the effect of rumination on the body image concern and the effect of body image concern on the anxiety was not significant (P>0.05). In addition, the effect of rumination with the mediation of body image concern on the anxiety was not significant (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, in order to reduce the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder can be used by educational workshops prepare the ground for reducing rumination.

The current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on psychological distress syndromes, rumination, and self-compassion in students experiencing psychological distress.

Methods and Materials: 

This study was applied in nature and employed a quasi-experimental design, specifically a pretest-posttest control group design with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of all female medical science students in Tehran during the academic year 2020-2021, from which 30 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of 15 (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). Data were collected using the Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales, the Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1993) Rumination Scale, and the Neff (2003) Self-Compassion Scale. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy sessions were conducted in 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions. Data were analyzed through analysis of variance.

The results of the data analysis indicated that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy was effective in reducing rumination, psychological distress syndromes, and in increasing self-compassion among students in the experimental group experiencing psychological distress, compared to the control group students who also experienced psychological distress.

Based on the results of this study, health professionals can use Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to improve rumination, psychological distress syndromes, and self-compassion among students experiencing psychological distress.

Objective: 

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of self-compassion-based therapy on a health-oriented lifestyle and mindfulness in students with psychological distress.

Methods and Materials: 

The study was applied in purpose, utilized a quasi-experimental method, and employed a pretest-posttest control group design with a three-month follow-up period. The population consisted of all female medical science students in Tehran during the academic year 2020-2021, from which 30 participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). Data were collected using the Lovibond and Lovibond's (1995) Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Walker et al.'s (1987) Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills by Baer et al. (2004). Gilbert's (2009) self-compassion-based therapy sessions were conducted over eight sessions, twice a week for four weeks, each session lasting 90 minutes in a group setting. Data were analyzed through covariance analysis.

Findings: 

The results showed that self-compassion-based therapy was effective in improving a health-oriented lifestyle and mindfulness among the experimental group students with psychological distress compared to the control group students with psychological distress.

Conclusion: 

 Based on the findings of this study, health professionals can utilize self-compassion-based therapy to improve the health-oriented lifestyle and mindfulness in students with psychological distress.

This research was conducted with the objective of examining the relationship between maladaptive thoughts and stress, mediated by body image, in individuals diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa.

Methods and Materials: 

The methodology employed in this study was correlational, utilizing path analysis. The statistical population comprised all women diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa who visited psychological and counseling centers in Tehran during the first three months of 1401 in the Persian calendar. The sample studied included 260 women from these centers, who were selected after explaining the research objectives and obtaining their informed consent, in compliance with the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-26) by Weissman and Beck, the Body Image Questionnaire by Littleton et al., and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using path analysis methodology; SPSS version 21 and LISREL software were utilized for data analysis.

While establishing the assumptions for path analysis, the results indicated that: the direct path from maladaptive thoughts to stress is significant; the indirect effect of maladaptive thoughts on stress through fear of body image is also significant.

Given the findings of this research and the results of related studies in this field, it can be concluded that maladaptive thoughts directly affect the emergence of stress in individuals with Bulimia Nervosa. Moreover, the mediating effect of body image is significant in this relationship, increasing the severity and occurrence of stress in affected individuals. These findings could form the basis for designing intervention programs aimed at improving body image and reducing maladaptive thoughts in affected individuals, thereby preventing the creation of a vicious cycle of these interacting factors.

Child marriage is one of the social phenomenon and can cause many injuries. To deal with the injuries of this phenomenon, it is necessary to know its consequences. The present study was conducted to identify the consequences of child marriage. The research method was a phenomenological study. The study population was all women with child marriage experience in Tehran province 15 people were selected by purposive and snowball sampling methods and the selection of samples went to saturation stage. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded and written word by word and were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. In the coding stage, 12 sub-themes were identified and then the sub-themes were conceptually put together and 5 main themes were identified. The results showed that child marriage can cause injuries to personal and marital health. In addition, women in child marriage experience may experience injuries such as anxiety and social isolation, dropout and unemployment, and economic dependence. According to the research findings, child marriage is traumatic and can have irreparable consequences on personal, marital, family, and social life. The results of this research can have many practical implications.

with the aim of The characteristics of the premarital counseling model were identified among remarriage applicanst.The purpose of this research was to identify the characteristics of the premarital counseling model among remarriage applicants and develop a local premarital counseling model for them. This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The statistical population is divided into two sections, the first section included couples living in Tehran city, who were selected using purposeful and voluntary sampling, and then 21 couples were interviewed through a semi-structured interview. The second part included 8 professors of counseling and psychology in the field of marriage and family, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball to validate the model. The contextual method (open, central, selective coding) was used to analyze the findings. Based on interviews and Islamic texts, the category of multi-axis recognition and evaluation was considered as a core category and the five general axes of counseling before remarriage include; 1- Intrapersonal axis 2- Interpersonal axis 3- Family axis 4- Children axis 5- Social axis and has a regular and consistent process of evaluation and recognition, intervention, summation and conclusion. The results showed that based on the mentioned components, a local and comprehensive model can be implemented for couples applying for marriage. This model can be used in counseling centers to inform and empower families and applicants, and on the other hand, it can be used to prepare educational content for counseling students and holding pre-marriage counselor training courses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth mindset intervention on academic grit, academic flow and academic thriving in twelfth grade students in Minab city. The statistical population of this study is all the twelfth grade students of Minab city in 1399, 40 students were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups of 20 as a sample of the study. Both groups were subjected to pre-test, post-test and. The growing mind training program consisted of 7 two-hour sessions. The participants in the experimental group received an intervention, but the control group did not receive any intervention and only underwent pre-test, post-test and. The research instruments include the Clark Academic grit Questionnaire (2017), Yuwanto (2013) Academic flow Questionnaire, and Schreiner, Pothoven, Nelson & McIntosh (2009) Academic thriving Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance; The results showed that the growth mindset intervention has led to increased academic grit, academic flow and academic thriving in the experimental group (p < 0.05 ). Based on the results, it is suggested that a growing mind training program be taught to students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group counseling of choice theory on dysfunctional conflict resolution styles of married people. The statistical population included married people (men and women in the first two years of marriage) who had referred to family counseling centers in Urmia due to conflict. The number of 20 people who had low scores in the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Enrich, 1999) were randomly selected. Simple were divided into experimental and control groups. In this study, the Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (Rahim, 1983) has been used. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and Beferroni post hoc tests. The dysfunctional conflict of married individuals showed significant (P ˂.01). The result continued in the follow-up phase. Therefore, group counseling based on choice theory can be used to adjust dysfunctional (avoidant, domineering) conflict resolution styles of married people in the first two years of marriage.

Objective :

This study aims to determine the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship of distress tolerance and self-compassion with health-promoting behaviors.

Methods:

 The is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2020 on 306 adults in Bandar Abbas, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were Simmons and Gaher’s distress tolerance scale, Raes et al.’s self-compassion scale, and Walker et al.’s health-promoting lifestyle profile, and Garnefski and Kraaij’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The analysis was done using the structural equation modeling.

Results :

Adaptive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship of self-compassion and distress tolerance with health-promoting behaviors positively and significantly. The maladaptive emotion regulation strategies only could positively and meaningfully mediate the relationship between distress tolerance and health-promoting behaviors.

Conclusion:

 Considering the role of study variables in promoting health- promoting behaviors, health planners and health providers can take useful steps to improve society’s health.

Remarriage is a chance for people who have lost a spouse to re-experience cohabitation. The aim of this study was to provide a local model of satisfied remarriage.

This research was conducted qualitatively using the grand theory approach in 2020. For this purpose, 21 couples living in Tehran who have had more than 3 years of remarriage were purposefully selected and surveyed using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded and classified into main categories.

This research was conducted qualitatively using the grand theory approach in 1399. For this purpose, 21 couples living in Tehran who have had more than 3 years of remarriage were purposefully selected and surveyed using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded and classified into main categories.

The extracted concepts were classified into 107 sub-categories and 24 main categories. The main categories were divided into 6 general categories of causal factors, contextual, intervening, strategies, consequences and central category, and finally the central category was selected as "bilateral efforts to increase satisfaction and the continuation of remarriage.

The results of the present study showed that creating a satisfying marriage depends on conscious choice and deep knowledge of each other, honesty and transparency about the issues of the former life and the current marital relationship, and finally a two-way effort to create a lasting life. And this model provided for a stable and satisfied remarriage can be a model and a path for couples. Counselors and psychologists can also help the health of families and the community by designing and implementing appropriate programs based on this model in premarital counseling and couple therapy to increase the duration of remarriage and reduce the number of divorces and the resulting injuries

Remarriage is a chance for couples who have lost their spouse for various reasons to re-experience life together. The aim of this study was to identify the problems and challenges of remarried couples and coping strategies of remarried couples based on the lived experiences of these couples.This research was conducted qualitatively using interpretive phenomenological approach. Research Field (Statistical Society) The present study consisted of married couples in Tehran in 1399. Using purposive sampling method, 21 couples were selected from the couples who met the inclusion criteria, and the research data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews privately from these couples. Based on the analysis of interviews, a total of 18 main categories and 108 sub-categories were obtained as categories of challenges of remarried couples and effective coping strategies of successful couples with stable remarriage in two time periods (when choosing a new spouse and during new life). ) Was categorized. However, successful couples have effective coping strategies that are classified into three levels: individual, couple and family and in two time periods (during the selection of a spouse and the time of new life). It can be concluded that remarriage has many challenges, but couples can create a lasting marriage from the beginning by using appropriate coping strategies to make informed choices and deep knowledge of each other and honesty and transparency about the issues of past life and relationship.

People who report low psychological well-being due to the experience of unpleasant emotions and negative evaluation of life events affect their level of commitment in married life and lead to a tendency to betrayal. Given that the conditions underlying betrayal are provided among students and due to the consequences of the tendency to betrayal in the young generation, identify the factors associated with it and on the other hand study specific treatment approaches in this field that their effectiveness in different samples It has been shown to be an effective step in reducing the tendency to betray. People who report low psychological well-being due to the experience of unpleasant emotions and negative evaluation of life events affect their level of commitment in married life and their quality of life. This study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on psychological well-being and quality of life in married students with a tendency to infidelity.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with an expanded research design (pretest-posttest with two experimental groups and a control group). The statistical population in this study included all married students aged 20-47 years with an average age of 33.5 studying in the Sirjan University in the number of 700 people. Available sampling method was used to select married students with a tendency to betrayal. In the first stage, in order to determine the cut-off point, considering that the scores of the questionnaires are in the range, 30 married students aged 20-47, studying in technical and humanities colleges, were randomly selected as a pilot and then they were asked to Complete the questionnaires of attitudes toward betrayal, psychological well-being and quality of life. After calculating the scores of these thirty people and estimating the mean and standard deviation of the components, the cut-off score was defined. In other words, the cut-off score was found to be two standard deviations above the mean in the attitude to betrayal attitude scale and one standard deviation below the average of the pilot group in the welfare scale. Then, in the first phase of the study, 500 couples aged 47-20 years were selected by convenience sampling method and the attitude toward infidelity questionnaire was administered as the first screening. A total of 183 people who obtained a cut-off score in the Betrayal Attitude Questionnaire were selected and entered the second stage of screening and completed the Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Then, 45 of them were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two groups (experimental group and control group). It should be noted that the members completed the profile form containing the contact number to coordinate the meeting, the location of the meetings, completing the questionnaires in the post-test and follow-up phase, as well as the informed consent form to participate in the research. The two experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of two two-hour sessions (once a week) at the Sirjan Branch of Azad University in the second semester of 1997-98. At the end of the sessions, members of all three groups completed the questionnaire as a post-test. In order to remind up to three months, one session was held for the experimental groups every month and after three months in the follow-up phase, they completed the welfare questionnaire. ACT treatment courses were performed in 8 2-hour group sessions per week for experimental groups. For data collection, the short form of Reef Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life Questionnaire of the World Health Organization was used. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Beferroni post hoc test.

Based on the results, the difference between the adjusted means of the two groups in the variables of psychological well-being and quality of life and its dimensions in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage was statistically significant (p≤0.05). The findings also showed that there were significant changes in psychological well-being scores and quality of life in the post-test and follow-up stages in the ACT group.

These findings indicate the usefulness of ACT treatment on psychological well-being and quality of life in married people with a tendency to betrayal. These findings can be promising in planning preventive and therapeutic interventions. However, more controlled studies are needed in this area. This research, like any other research, had limitations in generalizing and interpreting the results as follows. In acceptance and commitment therapy, the emphasis is on increasing the individual's desire to experience internal events as they are. Here, the goal was to help people experience the thought of betrayal only as a thought and instead of responding to it by doing what it is. Life is important for him and in line with his values, that is, the existence of a thought with the content of betrayal was not an issue in itself, but the main issue was the person's attempt to respond to the betrayal thought (ie the act of betrayal). Horror events (such as thoughts of betrayal) are what is called psychological resilience. When a person constantly reminds himself that his life in the present moment requires a behavioral effort in line with goals and values and not focusing on disturbing and imposed thoughts, no doubt reducing the focus on the intensity and frequency of thoughts. Will also be reduced One of the main consequences of the end of this process is to improve the quality of life. Acceptance and commitment therapy enhances the level of psychological flexibility and it is believed that if people have the appropriate psychological flexibility, they can easily overcome their psychological and even social problems. When every human being is trapped in psychological inflexibility, the quality of life declines because the person feels trapped in a context in which valuable things are replaced by thoughts and efforts focused on avoiding worry and negative thoughts. Will not have a favorable living conditions. Continuing a negative assessment of living conditions that are accompanied by inflexible behaviors will simply weaken the quality of life in people. From this perspective, it is natural for married people with a tendency to betrayal to feel that their quality of psychological and social life is poor and undesirable, but when they entered the process of commitment and acceptance of treatment, they learned this type of treatment by relying on metaphorical techniques. To spend less energy on experiential avoidance and instead focus their energy on more flexible behaviors. This path to self-transformation and life in the end provided the basis for improving the quality of life of married students. In this study, compassion-focused therapy increased the quality of mental, social and physical life of the subjects. Creating a non-judgmental, compassionate, flexible and moment-by-moment relationship using mindfulness techniques in interpersonal relationships of couples with the potential for infidelity can Useful forms of mindfulness and creating a satisfied view in people caused them to enjoy their existing relationships and use all their efforts in the marital relationship environment based on value-based goals and thus the quality of their psychological and social life.

The present qualitative study tries to ascertain the goals, criteria and challenges of spouse selection in people with physical-motor disabilities in Borujen in a phenomenological way. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with fourteen single people with physical-motor disabilities in Borujen`s well-being center. The obtained data were analyzed by Claizzi`s method. Six main categories  (purpose of marriage, criteria of choosing a spouse, marriage related concerns, weak family awareness, social stigma and lack of support resources), 22 Sub-themes (Satisfying sexual needs, escape from annoying family situations, a path to security at the face of an uncertain future, getting rid of the feeling of emptiness compared to married siblings, the physical condition of the future spouse, suitable age of the spouse, permanent marriage, having the power of understanding and empathy and having honesty, fear of being abandoned by the spouse, giving birth to a disabled child, non-acceptance from the spouse's family, worrying about not being able to meet the material needs of the spouse, denial of disability, creating obstacles and neglecting the necessity of marriage by family, not believing in the disabled child's ability, fear of the disabled child remaining single, the society's negative view, lack of government support, temporary employment, lack of employment or job compatibility with physical condition) themes were was extracted.

The present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on the Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata.

it was a quasiexperimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study included the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata who referred to consultation centers in the city of Tehran in the autumn and winter of 2019-2012. 40 women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20). The experimental group received the schema therapy in ten ninetyminute sessions during two months. 4 people from the experimental group were excluded from the study and so were 3 people from the control group. The applied questionnaires in this study included Perfectionism (Hill, et al., 2004), inefficient attitudes scale (Wiseman and Back, 1978), marital conflict (Barati and Sanaie, 1997) and early maladaptive (Yang, 1998). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results showed that schema therapy has significant effect on the Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata (p<0.001). In this way, this treatment has been able to reduce Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata.

According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that Schema therapy can be used to reduce perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemas.

Academic flow and academic thriving are significant variables in students’ academic achievement that require energy and constant effort in the face of new and challenging situations. Accordingly, the prediction of academic flow and academic thriving based on motivational personality factors is one of the important topics in educational psychology. This study examines the relationships between academic grit, academic flow, and academic thriving mediated by adaptive coping style. The research sample was 300 high school students of Minab, Iran, randomly selected by multi-stage sampling. Academic thriving questionnaire by Schreiner (2009), Academic Flow Scale by Yuwanto (2013), Academic Coping Styles by Skinner et al. (2013), and Academic Grit Scale by Clark and Malecki (2019) were used to collect data. Results indicated that academic grit is directly related to adaptive coping style (b = .22; p < .05), academic flow (b = .31; p < .01), and academic thriving (b = .24; p < .01). Also, the results of the bootstrap analysis revealed a significant indirect relationship between academic grit and academic flow through adaptive coping style (b = .35; p < .05) and a significant indirect relationship between academic grit and academic thriving through adaptive coping style (b = .51; p < .01). The findings showed that academic grit increases academic flow and academic thriving, both directly and indirectly. Consequently, academic grit is an important factor in improving students’ academic flow and academic thriving.

This study explores the psychological factors affecting youth marriage from the perspective of the development of Iran in 2040. The present research, which was conducted using the Delphi method, is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all experts in the field of marriage issues. The mentioned specialists have been experts in marriage counseling, marriage psychology, divorce counseling, and marriage sociology. Based on theoretical and practical considerations, 20 experienced marriage experts were identified and interviewed in different cities of Iran. After 20 interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved. Semi-structured interviews, a researcher-made scale based on expert opinions, and a questionnaire of basic uncertainties were used to collect data. Researchers have developed all three tools, whose validity and reliability were assessed and confirmed in the present study. The collected data were described using descriptive statistics, including frequency, central indices, and dispersion indices. In addition, the Friedman ranking test was used to examine the research questions. Based on the results and in terms of importance, the individual-psychological components affecting future youth marriage were as follows: mutual understanding, couple attachment style, cognitive flexibility, parenting style, intellectual maturity, married life knowledge, and self-awareness. In general, the findings of the present study can help youth marriage-related institutions in designing future plans.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the parenting education packages in reducing social problems and the lack of attention of adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems. The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescent children in Ahvaz in 2020. The research sample consisted of 34 people from the statistical population who were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups (experimental - 17 people and control group - 17 people). The experimental group underwent a developed parenting package for 8 sessions of 75 minutes; two sessions a week. In order to collect data in pre-test and post-test, Achenbach and Rescuela's (2001) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).  The results showed that the developed educational package had a significant effect on the score of social problems (P <0.01, F = 17.240), but this change was not significant in the lack of adolescents' attention (p <0.05, F = 2.923). According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the developed parenting package can be used as an effective intervention to empower parents in solving social problems of adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems.

Healthy family is the foundation of the future health of the society and it needs solutions for the social and cultural reforms. The divorce has reached its critical point in Iran and many families are involved in it, so it has caused many researchers to investigate this issue. The main purpose of the present study is to carry out future studies on the divorce status in the future generations of Iranian families in 2041 development vision horizon with emphasis on the psychosocial pathology model of the family and it can help making relationship among the studies and achieving a coherent result in the dispersed ones. The research method is qualitative in screenwriting type. One of the objectives of future studies is “describing alternative futures” and screenwriting is one of its mediums. The statistical population of this study included family specialists (sociologists, family lawyers, psychologists, faculty members) in 2019. Considering the data saturation, 19 specialists were selected through purposive sampling method and were interviewed through semi-structured interview. Content analysis was used to analyze the results of the interviews. The results showed that economic, social, cultural, academic-educational, legal-regulatory, psychological, and familial factors were intervening factors in increasing the frequency of divorce in coming years. Moreover, the results showed that codifying pivotal screens from divorce status with the emphasis on psychosocial damages can be effective on the divorce status in the future generations of Iranian families in 2041 development vision horizon.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on Adler lifestyle and hope therapy on psychological cohesion and empathy in patients with multiple sclerosis in Tehran. The study method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test-follow-up design with a control group.

The statistical population of this study included all men and women with multiple sclerosis who had filed in the Tehran MS Association. Using the available sampling method, 45 patients were selected and randomly and equally divided into three groups hope therapy, Adler-based lifestyle therapy and control group. Data collection tools were Antonovsky's (1993) Mental Cohesion Scale and the Self-compassion scale Neff (2003). The experimental groups underwent eight two-hour sessions of hope therapy intervention and Adler lifestyle intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention.

Data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance showed that hope therapy is effective on psychological cohesion and empathy in patients with multiple sclerosis (P <0.01). Adler lifestyle therapy is effective on psychological cohesion and empathy in patients with multiple sclerosis (P <0.01). These results were maintained during the follow-up period.

Counselors and psychotherapists are advised to use these therapies in the long run to increase the psychological cohesion and empathy of patients with multiple sclerosis.

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the educational program of parent-adolescent relationship based on the dark triangle of military parent personality traits and the parent-child relationship on the dark triangle of parent personality. The study sample consisted of 30 employees working in the Army Ground Aviation Training Center in Isfahan in 2020 had problems related to the dark personality triad who had a teenage son and by purposeful sampling method 30 parents and their adolescent children were chosen. To identify the dark triple parent of personality, the Machiavellian Personality Questionnaire (Christie and Jace, 1970), the narcissistic personality (Ruskin and Terry, 1988) and the psychopathic personality (Levinson et al., 1995) were distributed among 450 parents and 30 had scores. The above were selected, then 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 of their teenage sons. Among the selected parents, 15 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. After extracting the three main components of emotions, mixing and communication from the interviews and relying on the dark triple feature of the parent personality, the educational package of the parent-adolescent relationship was designed and performed on the experimental group in 16 sessions of 90 minutes. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the designed educational package is effective on Machiavellianism, anti-socialism and narcissism of the military parent (p <0.05.)

The divorce has reached its critical point in Iran and many families are involved in it, so it has caused many researchers to investigate this issue. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal scenario of divorce status in future generations of the Iranian family in a 20-year perspective.

The research method is qualitative in screenwriting type. One of the objectives of future studies is “describing alternative futures” and screenwriting is one of its mediums. The statistical population of this study included family specialists (sociologists, family lawyers, psychologists, faculty members) in 2019. Considering the data saturation, 19 specialists were selected through purposive sampling method and were interviewed through semi-structured interview. Content analysis was used to analyze the results of the interviews.

The results showed that the development of central scenarios of divorce status in future generations of the Iranian family can affect the status of divorce in the future. There are also favorable socio-cultural beliefs and contexts about the importance of the family in Iranian society that can play a decisive role in planning and policy-making aimed at managing and controlling the extent and severity of family injuries and the rate of divorce (especially future generations).

Therefore, the divorce rate (formal and affective) will decrease in the future generations through correct, preventive, managed and on-time practical solutions at macro policy making level.

Introduction and The divorce has reached its critical point in Iran and many families are involved in it, so it has caused many researchers to investigate this issue. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal scenario of divorce status in future generations of the Iranian family in a 20-year perspective. The research method is qualitative in screenwriting type. One of the objectives of future studies is “describing alternative futures” and screenwriting is one of its mediums. The statistical population of this study included family specialists (sociologists, family lawyers, psychologists, faculty members) in 2019. Considering the data saturation, 19 specialists were selected through purposive sampling method and were interviewed through semi-structured interview. Content analysis was used to analyze the results of the interviews. The results showed that the development of central scenarios of divorce status in future generations of the Iranian family can affect the status of divorce in the future. There are also favorable socio-cultural beliefs and contexts about the importance of the family in Iranian society that can play a decisive role in planning and policy-making aimed at managing and controlling the extent and severity of family injuries and the rate of divorce (especially future generations). Therefore, the divorce rate (formal and affective) will decrease in the future generations through correct, preventive, managed and on-time practical solutions at macro policy making level.