f. rezaei

Individuals with substance use disorder often struggle with chronic and recurrent episodes, experiencing a lack of control over their behaviors and significant disruptions in motivation. This study investigated the relationship between anxious attachment, family well-being, and addiction susceptibility among university students with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation.

This study utilized structural equation modeling, a widely recognized multivariate correlation method, to examine the relationship between various factors in the context of addiction susceptibility. The target population for this study comprised students from the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. Through convenience sampling, a sample of 300 students was selected. All participants completed the Potential Addiction Scale, Experience in Close Relationships Scale, Family-of-Origin Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale. The collected data underwent statistical analysis using SEM, revealing a well-fitted model.

Anxious attachment and family health significantly influenced participants' inclination toward addiction (p<0.001). These effects were directly and indirectly observed, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.001).

Reducing addiction tendencies in young individuals can be achieved through training families and university students on cultivating secure attachment styles, employing adaptive cognitive regulation strategies, and promoting overall family health.

With the increase in world population and limited energy resources, countries have faced the high demand of energy and energy consumption problem. The crisis that threaten countries and human societies are the limited resources of non-renewable (fossil) energy and the increase in environmental pollution caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels and global warming. These factors have motivated researchers and investors in the energy sector to control and supply energy from renewable sources. The uncertainty caused by these generations can have many effects on the costs imposed on the network and the operation of the electricity networks, such as an increase in power outages and unsupplied energy. Network development planning is one of the important issues in the power system to meet the growth of electricity demand in the coming years due to urban development, increasing social welfare, energy security, and job creation. The final objective of this model is to minimize energy losses, investment and operating costs, unsupplied energy, and environmental pollutants. The proposed methods have been implemented by MATLAB software on the Garver electricity network and the IEEE 33-bus distribution network and solved by PSO algorithms. The final model can be effectively used for planning the supply chain of the conventional electricity network with the penetration of renewable energy-based generations in various economic, environmental, and social dimensions.

When the elements and components of a literary work are examined and how they are related to each other and their relation to the general structure of the work is retrieved, a basic (formalist) form reading is performed. It is with such a reading that we can talk about the degree of bonding of the components of the work (horizontal and vertical bonds). In this article, the form and structure of a lyric by Rumi has been read with the following information (with the help of in-text symbols): A word that rises from the soul of the soul to veil the gem and the lips of the sea, the tongue of the veil

It is a descriptive-analytical research method that examines Ghazal No. 921 from Shams Tabrizi's KOliat, edited by Badi ol-Zaman Farozanfar.

The feature of this sonnet in all verses is that the face is a veil and at the same time a means of expressing meaning. The world of existence is the world of forms and meanings, and forms are veils of meanings, and at the same time meaning manifests itself in the face. To reach the meaning, you have to go beyond the surface. Of course, the absolute meaning cannot be understood and there is always one curtain behind another curtain, and it is only in death and silence that we understand the meaning. The theme of the contrast between form and meaning and the contrast between pairs of their synonymous words can be seen in all the verses of Ghazal.

The link that can be seen between the verses of this ghazal has created an organ-like structure and the overall structure of this ghazal evokes one of the key oppositions of form and meaning in Rumi's thought, "wave and sea". For Rumi, the content is the tool for the evolution of the form, and the form is the material for the emergence of the truth of meaning. Rumi's poetry boils from inside him and finds its shape and form according to the type of boiling. However, due to the reliance on form, the new critique cannot be a suitable critique for mystics who are free from form.

Corona is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Pregnant women are more susceptible to viral respiratory infections. On the other hand, there is limited information on vaccination of pregnant women, so this review was conducted to investigate the relationship between maternal-neonatal outcomes and vaccination of pregnant women.

A present narrative review study was performed from late 2019 to September 2021 by collecting information from Magiran, SID, Library Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and, Google scholar Web of Science databases, and using the English and Persian keywords “Delivery”, “Pregnancy”, “Vaccine”, “SARS-COV-2”, “COVID-19”, “Neonatal”, “Outcomes”, and “New-born”. Finally, 28 studies were included in the study with inclusion criteria.

Adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes increase in sufferers in the second half of pregnancy. Common maternal consequences include cesarean section, premature birth, abortion, tachycardia, and premature rupture of the amniotic sac, and common neonatal consequences include effects on fetal brain development, increased risk of autism, and neurological problems. Also, maternal vaccination by transferring antibodies from the placenta to the fetus makes the baby immune.

Although pregnancy is not known as a factor in corona disease, with the focus on the consequences for both mother and neonate, self-care education is important. If possible, vaccination programs should target pregnant women early in pregnancy or before fertilization.

Beta thalassemia major patients suffer from psychological problems in dealing with its complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual therapy based on positive thinking on spiritual health, psychological hardiness and death anxiety in women with Beta thalassemia major in Khorramabad.

The design of this study was quasi-experimental and pre-test/post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study was women with beta thalassemia major referred to Shahid Madani Hospital in Khorramabad in 2021. Using the convenience sampling method, 40 people were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental (20) and control group (20). The experimental group received 12 sessions of spiritual therapy based on positive thinking. In order to collect data, Palutzin and Ellison's spiritual Well-Being, Kobasa's psychological hardiness, and Templer 's death anxiety were used.

The results of multivariate and univariate covariance analysis showed that spiritual therapy based on positive thinking had a significant effect on improving spiritual health (41.50 ± 6.64), psychological hardiness (50.15 ± 8.38), and death anxiety (6.45 ± 0.91) in women with beta thalassemia major in the experimental group (p < 0.001).

According to the results of the research, spiritual therapy intervention based on positive thinking has improved spiritual health, psychological hardiness, and death anxiety of women with beta thalassemia major.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of important intracellular parasites which is prevalent in human and animals worldwide and almost one third of humans in overall they are compromised by infection with this parasite. Since toxoplasmosis can cause serious complications in humans, especially in the congenital form and in immunocompromised individuals, the identification of infectious sources will play an important role in the prevention and control of this infection. The present study was carried out in different in Kermanshah City, Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in in free-ranging chickens. One hundred and twenty serum samples from free-ranging chickens (Gallus domesticus) were tested for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies using ELIZA test with using from fully-automated LIAISON system. Three ml of venous blood was taken from the brachial vein. The blood samples were left to clot then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes. Serum samples stored at 4 ºC for 24 hours, then kept in -20 ºC until the time of testing. After fluidization of sera in the environment, 1 ml from any of samples transferred to 2 ml tubes and put in the analyzer. Twenty seven out of 120 sera (22.5%) were positive for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum. The results indicated broiler chickens may have a potential risk of infection with Toxoplasma gondii and have the ability to transmit the infection to humans.

Stress in any physical illness makes its symptoms worse. Hypertension is a common illness that psychological factors such as stress can worsen its symptoms and complications; the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Roy's adaptation model on alexithymia and diet adherence in people with hypertension comorbid with stress.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. Using the convenience sampling method, 40 patients with hypertension comorbid with stress    (21 females and 19 males) who were referred to Aligudarz city medical centers in 2021, were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received a Roy's adaptation model intervention for 8 sessions of 60 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected by the stress, anxiety and depression questionnaire, Toronto emotional dysfunction scale, diet information record form and a form for assessing Roy’s adaptation model.

The results of covariance analysis showed that Roy's adaptation model was significantly effective in reducing alexithymia (F=235.24, p<0.01) and increasing diet adherence (F=540.87, p<0.01) in hypertension patients comorbid with stress.

 The results of this study suggest that Roy's adaptation model significantly decreased the alexithymia and increased diet adherence, therefore using Roy's adaptation model in hypertension patients comorbid with stress is recommended.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of chloroform extract of two types of red and brown algae on proliferation, cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cell line.

In this experimental study, MCF7 cancer cell line and normal MRC5 cell line were cultured and then the cells were treated with different concentrations of chloroform extract of algae for 48 hours. Cell survival percentage was calculated by MTT method and type of cell death and cell cycle arrest was assessed by flow cytometry. The results were evaluated by Prism software.

The results showed that both brown and red algae reduced the proliferation of MCF7 cancer line as a concentration-dependent pattern. The IC50 concentration was 88 μg/ml for brown algae chloroform extract and 107 μg/ml for red algae. These values indicated more inhibitory effects of brown algae (63.31%) than red (58.33%). Also, these two extracts effectively induced apoptosis and stopped the cell cycle in G0/G1 stage.

This study showed that the chloroform extract of these algae can be considered as a strong inhibitor for breast cancer.

COVID-19 has harmed people's lives and efforts are being made to speed up vaccinations. The growing problem of vaccine uncertainty may affect the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. The objectives of this study were to examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

From July 3 to September 25, 2021, we conducted a web-based, cross-sectional study among the citizens of Ardabil with a snowball sampling strategy under a highly restricted environment. A questionnaire was designed and filled out by 768 participants through social media and email. Associations between COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and determinants were explored using the chi-squared test. Key determinants that predict vaccine acceptance among respondents were modeled through logistic regression analysis.

Of the 932 survey invitees, 768 responded to the questionnaire (response rate, 82.4%). The majority (55.2%) of the study participants were female. Of the 768 respondents, 486 (63.2%) showed interest to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness to get the vaccine is relatively high among older age groups (59.4% among 40+ year old), being married (56.9%), and city dwellers participants (83.09%). In multivariate model, respondents who were above 40 years (OR: 0.7; 95% CI:0.5-0.94), and married (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.97-2.09) were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance (p<0.05). Besides, people having trust in the health system and vaccine were most likely to accept the vaccine (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01-1.56), and those having a higher perceived risk of acquiring infection were 4.83 times (OR: 4.83; 95% CI: 3.78-6.17) higher odds of accepting the vaccine.

Our study identified religious/personal beliefs and risk perceptions as the most important predictors that would be affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

This paper presents an ultra-low-voltage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and Gm-C filter, both working with 0.3V single supply voltage. Using pseudo-differential structure, the common mode rejection is the main challenge in low voltage condition which is overcome by a new common mode feedback circuit. The OTA can be tuned through the gate terminal of body-driven PMOS input transistors. Post-layout simulation shows 23.4 dB differential gain and 47.4 dB CMRR at low frequencies. By changing the tune voltage from 50mV to 0V, the OTA's transconductance can be tuned from 7.9 to 17.4 uA/V. By applying input voltages up to 0.36 Vpp, the THD of output current remains less than -60 dB. The proposed OTA is employed to implement a tunable low-pass Gm-C filter. The cutoff frequency of Gm-C filter can be tuned from 1.13 to 1.9 MHz that makes it applicable in the multi-standard direct conversion receivers as channel selection filter. The power consumption of filter is 111.3 uW and its input referred voltage noise is 168.7 nV/sqrt(Hz), as results of post-layout simulations. The post-layout simulation shows the IIP3 of 8.5 dBm for the cutoff frequency of 1.9 MHz.

Due to the high sensitivity of the bone marrow to ionizing radiation as well as the large number of bone graphs, it is important to evaluate the absorbed dose in the bone marrow during exposure to radiographic rays. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the accuracy of Monte Carlo simulations to calculate PDD in the femoral bone marrow during exposure to low energy rays.

The present descriptive study was conducted in 2020 at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. 100 CT scan images of the femur were selected, of which 28 images were extracted from the beginning to the end of the femur. After simulating the head of the device with normal energies in femoral radiography using BEAMnrc simulator, the information obtained from CT scan images of patients with CT CREAT software, digital femoral phantom was designed. The phantom was digitally irradiated (using DOSXYX simulator) and the absorbed dose percentage (PDD) was calculated using STATE DOSE software. Finally, the data were analyzed using Image Java and Excel software.

The percentage of absorbed dose in femoral bone marrow at energies of 70, 80 and 90 was in the range of 2 to 78%, 5 to 79% and 5 to 76%, respectively. Also, with increasing depth in all energies, the percentage of absorbed dose decreases. For energies of 90 kV and to some extent for energies of 70 and 80 kV, the data show a sudden decrease in the percentage of absorbed dose from a depth of 6 mm to 9 mm. From a depth of 1.1 cm to 1.5 cm, the dose absorbed in the bone marrow varies according to energy.

Monte Carlo simulation method can be an effective method in calculating the absorbed dose in bone marrow tissue. The results show that the calculations of the percentage of absorbed dose up to a depth of 2 cm are significantly accurate. As the depth increases, the accuracy of the calculations (provided that the number of particles participating in the simulation does not increase) gradually decreases.

Heaters are one of the central parts of natural gas reduction stations using turboexpanders to prevent the formation of hydrate and corrosion failure. This study intends to design a fired heater by applying a combustion sub-model to derive an optimal model for this kind of application. This model is developed to accurately consider all subsections of the fired heater namely radiation, convection, and shield sections, as well as flue gas composition, and its volume. Within this context, a multi-objective optimization is employed to identify the optimal design of the gas-fired heater in the natural gas reduction station for the Ramin power plant case study. The total economic and environmental costs, together with modified exergy efficiency, are selected as objective functions. Multi-criteria-decision-making-method is employed on Pareto frontiers optimal curve to suggest the optimal solution. Results show that the developed model can outperform previous models in thermal efficiency with relatively similar costs. Besides, the optimal point in Pareto suggested by the decision-making-method accounts for a higher modified exergy efficiency (1.3%) than the counterpart, which thermal efficiency is regarded as an objective function. At the same time, its total cost remained almost constant. The effects of changes in each of the design parameters on the objective functions are also evaluated.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation And were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry.

The quality of shrimp, as high perishable seafood, can readily be effected by microbial, chemical, and physical alterations during storage.

In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating either alone or incorporated with variable levels of clove oil nanoemulsion (CNE) (10, 20, and 30 mg/ml) was developed to sustain the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage.

Changes in microbial, chemical, textural, color (L*, a*, b*), and sensory parameters of the studied groups evaluated through distinct experimental approaches.

Based on our results, the pattern of increase in the aerobic plate count (APC) and psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC) in different groups were reported as the following order: CMC + CNE < CMC < control. Also, CMC and CNE integration decreased the upward trend of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to that of the control group during storage at 4°C for 10 days (P<0.05). During the storage period, the decrease of the L* value in the control group was greater than the others; whereas, the lowest a* and b* values were observed in this group (P<0.05). Besides, the textural and sensory properties of coated shrimp were significantly more acceptable (P<0.05).

Integration of CNE in CMC coating promisingly improves the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage.

Given the likelihood of recurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the ineffectiveness of therapeutic approaches in the lasting improvement of the symptoms of this disorder, accurate identification of the factors involved in initiating and maintaining PTSD is of paramount importance. The aim of this study was to determine the role of childhood injuries, time perspective and experimental avoidance in post-traumatic stress disorder.

The subjects of the present descriptive-cross-sectional research were 131 patients with PTSD (72 females and 59 males) who were seeking treatment at the health centers of Shiraz in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 2018-2019, which were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the Structured Interview for Axis I and II disorders(SCID). The PTSD Checklist—5 (PCL-5), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (AAQ-II) were used. Data were analyzed with the structural equation modeling(Correlation coefficients and regression) in Amos software (23-ver).

The results indicated that the proposed model was well fitted (CFI=0.95, GFI=0.92, TLI= 0.93, IFI= 0.95, NFI= 0.90, RMSEA= 0.07), and all of the direct and indirect path coefficients were significant at the alpha level of 0.01. So that time perspective and experiential avoidance significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms. That relationship between childhood trauma, time perspective, experimental avoidance, and PTSD symptoms was significant. All variables (childhood trauma, time perspective, and experimental avoidance) were able to directly predict PTSD symptoms. Also, time perspective and experimental avoidance significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms.

In sum, the results of the present study are consistent with the time perspective theory for PTSD and the conceptual model of this study, so that people who have been abused or rejected as children form a negative temporal perspective which in turn leads to the use of negative emotion regulation strategies to deal with negative emotions. The findings of this study suggest that it is necessary to consider the role of childhood trauma, experimental avoidance and time perspective in treatment protocols for people with PTSD.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of cognitive behavioral play therapy (CBPT) and its integration with parental management training (PMT) on the symptoms of ADHD in children aged 7-11 years.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with the control group. The study population included children with ADHD in Kermanshah city in 2019, of whom 48 were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and they were randomly allocated in experimental groups 1 and 2 and one control group in equal numbers. In the experimental group 1, CBPT was performed in 10 sessions of 10 -90-minute and in the experimental group 2, CBPT and its integration with PMT was performed  in 10 sessions of 10 -90-minute. The control group (group 3) did not receive any intervention. Data were collected before and after the intervention through completing Swanson attention deficit hyperactivity disorder questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

After the treatment, there was found a statistically significant difference between the average score of the symptoms of ADHD in the experimental group 1 (34.24±1.86) and the control group (37.80±3.23) and the experimental group 2 (31.18±2.07) and the control group (37.80±3.23) (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the effect of CBPT and the integration of CBPT and PMT (p<0.05). Comparing the mean of two approaches, the integrated intervention was more effective.

CBPT, PMT and their integration might be effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD.  The aforementioned approaches is suggested to be used in psychological counseling centers.

Iran, like most other countries in the world, is always threatened with global epidemics and pandemics of influenza. The purpose of this study was to review the influenza surveillance system in Iran.

Data of this study were obtained from the surveillance system of the Center for Communicable Disease Control, the review of records, documents, books and published articles and also interviews with process owners and experts of influenza surveillance in 2017-2019.

Influenza surveillance in Iran Currently, a combination of surveillance methods, including caring for patients, laboratory care, hospital care and surveillance of respiratory disease epidemics and also border surveillance. Reporting of human influenza outbreaks, as well as suspected avian flu as main notifiable diseases carried out through telephone. For each suspect case, in addition to taking and sending a sample to diagnose and also detect subtypes of the virus, medical treatment is immediately initiated and tracking of possible contacts is also done.

Although there is currently good coherence in the surveillance of influenza in Iran, but based on concerns about the emergence of influenza pandemics in the future, and considering the possible genetic variation of the flu viruses, the tracking of the flu virus circulation along with updating surveillance system especially emphasizing methods and formulas for rapid identification of disease outbreaks, as well as providing better health care and treatment is essential.

In this research, the corrosive effect of sweet crude oil was studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel polarization and Electrochemical Noise (ECN), on Carbon steel samples immersed in the extracted water of desalter vessel. According to the EIS results, after 4 hours, the impedance modulus at 0.01 Hz frequency were 1376 at 25 °C and 625 Ohm.cm2 at 85 °C. The relatively low variations of impedance modules at 25 and 85 °C can be caused by the formation of Iron carbonate film on carbon steel at temperatures above 60 °C, in the presence of CO2 of the sweet crude oil. Also, the results of Tafel polarization confirmed that the corrosion rate due to the significant increase of temperature, was equal to 5.9 MPYand 10.7 MPY, at 25 and 85 °C respectively. The ECN results at 65 and 85 °C demonstrated that the large contribution of low-frequency events on these immersed carbon steel samples is an indicative of general corrosion due to the discontinuous formation of carbonate film on the carbon steel surface. The discontinuous formation of carbonate film was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) micrographs. Then, for inside corrosion control of the desalter vessel, the best protective commercial coating has been selected considering the corrosion rate of carbon steel samples immersed in the extracted water of desalter vessel. To do so, the EIS tests in the special immersion cell and pull off tests were done on the solvent free Epoxy coatings with different hardners. Although all three solvent free coating samples can exhibit a suitable corrosion resistance at 80 °C, but on the comparison between them, the performance of epoxy coating with phenolic hardener is better than epoxy coating with poly amino- amide hardener.

Cholera is one of the communicable diseases that should be reported immediately as a public health threat. This study was conducted to study the probable risk factors of cholera outbreak in Qom, central Iran, during 2017.   In a case-control study, 37 cholera patients diagnosed based on para - clinical tests and 37 control samples were evaluated. Charts, frequency tables, regression logistic, Chi-square and t-test in SPSS software ver.25 were used for data analysis. The causative agent in the Qom cholera outbreak was Vibrio cholerae serotype Inaba. Most of the patients (54%) were in the age range 21-40 years. Most of the cholera cases were males (87%), Iranians (81%), and school or college students (30%). The peak of the epidemic occurred in the third week of November 2017, coinciding with a religious event. Nearly half of the patients were identified at the cross-border surveillance centers. The most important risk factors for the outbreak were a history of travel to Iraq in order to attend the Arbaeen religious event (95%), (OR=75, P-value<0.001), and a history of consuming unreliable foods and water (94% and 50%, (OR=66, CI=8-410, P-value=0.00 and OR=11, CI=2.7-46)), respectively.    Cross-border surveillance of cholera in common borders with Iraq, especially in the Arbaeen religious event, played a vital role in identifying patients suspected of cholera. The surveillance of communicable diseases should be strengthened when entering and leaving the Arbaeen event.

The present investigation determines the initial capacity performance and the changes in battery capacity on cycling of 12 V/32Ah batteries with six different electrolyte concentrations between 1.15 and 1.33 s.g. H2SO4. The batteries are cycled with two discharge currents, 3.2 and 8A. The utilization of PAM is 50% against 37% NAM utilization. The utilization of H2SO4 varies between 38 and 88%, depending on the concentration of H2SO4 in the electrolyte. At CH2SO4 = 1.24 g cm−3, ηH2SO4 ≈ ηPAM.when CH2SO4 1.24 g cm−3 (P-region) in which the lead dioxide plates limit the capacity of the battery (P-type batteries) At CH2SO4 1.24 s.g., the capacity of the battery is limited by PAM. It has been established that in the P-region of H2SO4 concentrations, the initial capacity of the battery is higher than the rated value (C0), but the life of the battery is short and require high charge voltages. In the H-region of H2SO4 concentrations, the initial capacity is lower than C0, but the cycle life is considerably longer than 100 cycles and depends on the discharge current and the H2SO4 concentration and allow to be charged at lower voltages. The voltage of charged cells on open circuit declines with decrease in H2SO4concentration, which allows charging of batteries at lower voltages, as is the case with IT batteries, and reversible sulfation of the plates is avoided as well. The obtained results of the present investigation suggest that lead-acid batteries can be divided in two types depending on the concentration of H2SO4 in them: H-type batteries with CH2SO4 1.24 s.g

Large quantities of beef and mutton tallow are available in Iran every year. If these products are processed and formulated properly and scientifically, the need to import oils and fats in a substantial quantities might be reduced. The aim of this study is to fractionate beef tallow into different fractions and carry out physical and chemical tests on each isolated fraction. Beef fat was obtained from butchery shop in Tehran. The fat or tallow was obtained by dry rendering using a rotary evaporator. Fractionation took placed at 40C for 22 hours. Physical and chemical tests concerning melting point, colour, free fatty acid concentration, refractive index, peroxide value, iodine value, induction period measurement and fatty acid composition were carried out on the original and fractionated samples. The results indicated yields of 94% and 98% for extraction and fractionation respectively. The statistical analysis of the samples indicated significant differences between the results obtained. The results also showed that the liquid fraction might be employed as salad or frying oil and the hard fraction might be used as a fraction in margarine or shortening fats.

Psychological interventions may improve the quality of life in asthmatic patients through affecting the bio-psycho-social dimensions. This study is aimed to assess the efficacy of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) group education on improvement of quality of life in asthmatic patients.Method& Materials: This was an experimental study using randomized pre-, post- and follow-up tests. Twenty-four patients already diagnosed with asthma were randomly selected and assigned to two groups. They were all administered the Quality Of Life questionnaire for Asthmatic patients (Asthma-QOL) before and after the intervention and again after the follow-up period. CBSM group education was directed for the experimental group in eight sessions. Meanwhile both groups were kept under their routine medical treatments and the control group was registered in the waiting list for the CBSM education group. Data was analyzed using ANCOVA.After the intervention, the mean QOL-Asthma score in the experimental group showed a significantly higher increase when compared with that of the control group(P < 0.05).The results demonstrated the effectiveness of CBSM group education on the improvement of quality of life in female asthmatic patients.

The aim of present study was to study the effects of low-level helium –neon laser irradiation on biomechanical properties of tibiae partial bone defect in streptozotocin –diabetic rat.

Twenty male rats were used. Diabetes was induced in rats by one time intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. After one month under sterile conditions and general anesthesia one partial bone defect were made in mid portion of right tibia of rats. Rats were divided into control and no 1 and no 2 experimental groups. Rats of no 1 and 2 experimental groups were received he-ne laser with 2.1 J/cm² and 11.6 J/cm² energy densities three times a week for six weeks. After that rats were killed and their tibiae were extracted and were examined by three point bending biomechanical test. Data were analysed by ANOVA and expressed as mean±SEM.

The energy absorption (N/mm) of no1 experimental group control and no2 experimental groups were 52±45 44.2±35.2and 36.3±20.1 respectively. Load at break (Nmm) of no1 and no2 experimental group and control group were 34.2 ±13.2 32.6± 18.6 and 31.8± 27.4 respectively. Maximum force per square mm of no1 experimental group control and no2 experimental group were 8.2± 3.57 8.2 ±4.4 and 7± 4.96 respectively. There were not significant differences between all above mentioned parameters and also elastic stiffness maximum force and bone surface area of groups.

He-Ne laser irradiation on tibias of partial bone defect in streptozotocin diabetic rats did not cause positive effects on fracture healing from biomechanical evaluation point of view.