دکتر فاطمه رضایی

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the symptoms of social anxiety disorder based on primary maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity.

The research method was correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all students of the University of Science and Research in the academic year of 2022 in Tehran province which were selected as a multi-stage random sampling. The number of 306 people who scored higher than 40 in the Connor social anxiety questionnaire. Data collection tools included Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire, Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire and Social Anxiety Questionnaire. In order to analyze the obtained data, SPSS19 and AMOS24 software were used.

The predictor variables of primary maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style directly and indirectly with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity had a significant effect on social anxiety disorder (p<0/01). Also, anxiety sensitivity had a direct effect on social anxiety disorder (p<0/01).

Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style can be strong predictors of social anxiety disorder, and in the meantime, anxiety sensitivity as a mediating variable is part of the influencing process in the form of Taking signs of social anxiety.

Female Sexual Interest-Arousal Disorder is one of the most common sexual problems in women and a multifactorial disorder. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the newly developed treatment of female sexual interest-arousal disorder and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on sexual function and the quality of the marital relationship of women with female sexual interest-arousal disorder. The research method was experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included women with female sexual interest-arousal disorder referred to counseling centers in Isfahan, from which 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). Subjects of all three groups were evaluated in the pre-test stage with scales. Then the experimental groups underwent an 8-session weekly intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention sessions, the members of all three groups were re-evaluated with research tools. The female Sexual Function Index Scale (Isidori, Pozza, Esposito, Giugliano, Morano, et al, 2010) and relationship Quality Scale(Chonody, Gabb, Killian &Dunk-West,2018)were the instruments in this study. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that both interventions affect therapeutic goals and the experimental groups witnessed positive changes in the post-test of sexual function and quality of marital relationship compared to the control group. Regarding the competitive validation of the interventions, the results showed that in the sexual function, the effectiveness is more in favor of the psychotherapy protocol of female sexual interest-arousal disorder (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the two interventions in the quality of the marital relationship(P>0.05). Conclusion According to these results, it can be said that the psychotherapy protocol for the female sexual interest-arousal disorder has the necessary effectiveness in modulating the symptoms of this disorder and can be used as a suitable treatment option along with other psychotherapy models for this disorder.

The purpose of this research was to Developing a structural equation model of social anxiety disorder based on the components of childhood trauma and insecure attachment style with the mediation of metacognitive beliefs. The research design was correlational and structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all students of the Islamic Azad University of Olom-tahghighat in the academic year of 2021-2022 in Tehran province. To collect data, Mohammad Khani's Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire (2003), Hazen and Shaver's Attachment Style Questionnaire (1987), Wells' Metacognitive Beliefs (2003) and Connor's Social Anxiety Questionnaire (2000) were used. Then, the obtained data were entered into the structural equation hypothesis model. In order to analyze the obtained data, SPSS19 and AMOS24 software were used. The results of the model analysis showed that the hypothetical research model has a good fit with the data. Predictive variables of childhood traumas and insecure attachment style directly and indirectly with the mediation of metacognitive beliefs had a positive and significant effect on social anxiety disorder. Also, metacognition had a direct effect on social anxiety disorder. The results of the research indicate that childhood injuries and insecure attachment style can be strong predictors of social anxiety disorder, and in the meantime, metacognition as a mediating variable is a part of the influencing process in the form of Taking symptoms of social anxiety disorder. It is recommended to hold educational workshops in the field of childhood injuries, insecure attachment styles and metacognitive beliefs, and also therapeutic interventions should address these factors

The aim of the current research was to formulate the etiological model of social anxiety disorder based on the components of early maladaptive schemas and childhood traumas with the mediating role of emotional coping strategy. The research design was correlational and structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all students of the Islamic Azad University of Olom-Tahghighat in the academic year of 2021-2022 in Tehran province. A total of 306 people who scored above 40 in Connor's social anxiety test were selected as a sample. To collect data, Young Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (1991), Mohammad Khani's Traumatic Experience Q5uestionnaire (2003), Andler and Parker's Multidimensional assessment of coping (1990), and Connor's Social Anxiety Questionnaire (2000) were used. Then, the obtained data were entered into the structural equation hypothesis model. In order to analyze the obtained data, SPSS19 and AMOS24 were used. The results of the model analysis showed that the hypothetical research model has a good fit with the data. Predictor variables of early maladaptive schemas and childhood traumas with the mediation of emotional coping strategy had a significant effect on social anxiety disorder (p<0/01). In addition, emotional coping strategies had a direct effect on social anxiety disorder (p<0/01). The results of the research indicate that early maladaptive schemas and childhood traumas can be strong predictors of social anxiety disorder. The results also indicate that emotional coping strategies as mediating variables are part of the influencing process in the form of symptoms of social anxiety disorder. It is recommended to hold educational workshops in the field of maladaptive schemas, coping strategies for childhood traumas, and therapeutic interventions.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the New Developed Contrast Avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on the Severity of Symptoms Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all women with generalized anxiety disorder in the city of Khorramabad, of whom 45 were selected as available. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. the New Developed treatment Contrast Avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy were held separately In 12 sessions 90-minute and no training was applied to the control group. The instrument of this study was a Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale in which pre-test and post-test participants answered questions A multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the developmental treatment contrast avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improves the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (p <0.01). And the recovery rate is higher than the subjects of the control group (p <0.01). But the two experimental groups did not differ significantly (P <0.05). the New Developed treatment contrast avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improves the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Developmental therapy focuses on the physiological and emotional experience of the client so that the client can experience the emotional contrast, which may be one of the underlying causes of generalized anxiety disorder. The effectiveness of this treatment may also be effective in mental disorders that have an emotional underpinning.

sexual interest/arousal disorder in women causes emotional and psychological damage and decreases marital quality and satisfaction and increases marital burnout. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the newly developed treatment of sexual desire / arousal disorder and cognitive-behavioral therapy on sexual and psychological distress in women with sexual desire / arousal disorder.

 The research method was semi experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included women with sexual desire / arousal disorder who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan 2020-2021, from which 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). After selecting and assigning the subjects to the three groups of the study, all three groups were evaluated with the Female Sexual Distress Scale- Revised (FSDS-R) and short scale of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21). Then the experimental groups underwent of weekly intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention sessions, the members of all three groups were re-evaluated with research tools.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that both integrated psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy affect sexual and psychological distress and individuals in the experimental groups received lower scores in the post-test of sexual and psychological distress than those in the control group(P<0.05). The results also showed that there is a significant difference between the two interventions in terms of effectiveness on research dependent variables. In the variable of sexual distress, efficacy is more effective with the newly developed treatment of sexual desire / arousal disorder, but in relation to psychological distress, cognitive-behavioral therapy has been more effective(P<0.05).

According to these results, it can be said that the integrated psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective in modulating sexual and psychological distress in people with sexual arousal disorder and the psychotherapy protocol of sexual arousal disorder can be used as a suitable treatment option along with other psychotherapy models of this disorder.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual therapy based on positive thinking in depression and fatigue among women with Beta thalassemia major in Khorramabad, Iran.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all women with Beta thalassemia major referred to Shahid Madani Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran, in 2021. The participants were willing to participate in this study, and they were selected (n=40) using the convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to the experimental (n=20) and the control groups (n=20). The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute spiritual therapy intervention based on positive thinking (through challenging negative thoughts, the psychological effects of communication and prayer with God, as well as patience and spiritual thinking). In the present research, the spiritual therapy based on positive thinking was based on the spiritual therapy of Vaziri and Kashani, as well as positive thinking by Seligman, Rashid, and Parks. Lane et al.’s Mood States Questionnaire (2007) was used to collect the required data in this study.

Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze statistical data and test research hypotheses. The results of this study showed that spiritual therapy based on positive thinking improved depression and fatigue in women with Beta thalassemia major in the experimental group (P<0.001).

According to the results of this study, spiritual therapy based on positive thinking is effective in reducing depression and fatigue in patients with thalassemia major. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and therapists use this therapy based on positive thinking to reduce depression and fatigue.

Beta thalassemia major patients suffer from psychological problems in dealing with its complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual therapy based on positive thinking on spiritual health, psychological hardiness and death anxiety in women with Beta thalassemia major in Khorramabad.

The design of this study was quasi-experimental and pre-test/post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study was women with beta thalassemia major referred to Shahid Madani Hospital in Khorramabad in 2021. Using the convenience sampling method, 40 people were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental (20) and control group (20). The experimental group received 12 sessions of spiritual therapy based on positive thinking. In order to collect data, Palutzin and Ellison's spiritual Well-Being, Kobasa's psychological hardiness, and Templer 's death anxiety were used.

The results of multivariate and univariate covariance analysis showed that spiritual therapy based on positive thinking had a significant effect on improving spiritual health (41.50 ± 6.64), psychological hardiness (50.15 ± 8.38), and death anxiety (6.45 ± 0.91) in women with beta thalassemia major in the experimental group (p < 0.001).

According to the results of the research, spiritual therapy intervention based on positive thinking has improved spiritual health, psychological hardiness, and death anxiety of women with beta thalassemia major.

Marital intimacy in divorcing couples is associated with shortcomings, based on this, this research aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema couple therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on marital intimacy in Couples Exposed to divorce.

Methods and Materials: 

The method of the current research was quantitative and a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, and post-test design and follow-up period. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the women facing divorce who refer to Avai counseling and psychology center in Paveh city in the year 1400, of which 45 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly in the group The schema couple therapy experiment, the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy experiment group, and the control group was replaced. Thomson and Volker's Marital Intimacy Questionnaire was used in data collection. Also, variance analysis with repeated measures has been used to analyze the data.

The results of data analysis showed that schema couple therapy had a significant effect on increasing marital intimacy (p<0.05), on the other hand, cognitive behavioral therapy based on mindfulness also improved marital intimacy. It has been significantly fruitful (p<0.05), also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups of schema couple therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the variable of marital intimacy.

The results of the present study showed that schema couple therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness were effective in increasing the intimacy of women facing divorce. These two treatment approaches have the same result in improving marital intimacy in women facing divorce.

Sexual desire/arousal disorder in women is the most common and destructive sexual problem that couples face and has long been one of the common concerns of couple therapy. Considering the multidimensionality and pervasiveness of women's sexual desire/arousal disorder and its impact on all aspects of married life and the complexity of its pathology, it requires inclusive interventions and needs to provide comprehensive treatment guidelines. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a psychotherapy protocol for women's sexual desire/arousal disorders

The current research was conducted in a qualitative manner, using the theme analysis approach and the three-tier method, in three stages. The first stage of the research was carried out with the aim of investigating the lived experiences of women in order to develop a protocol. In this stage, 30 patients with sexual desire/arousal disorder were selected by targeted sampling method. The research tool at this stage was semi-structured interview. The second stage was an interview with experts, in which 20 experts and psychologists in the field of sexual problems were interviewed in order to discover the influential components in psychopathology and the treatment of women's desire/arousal disorders. In the third stage, which aimed to examine the theoretical and research background in order to identify influential patterns in the etiology and treatment of women's sexual desire/arousal disorder, 40 written sources, including books and research articles, were studied and thematic analyzed until 2022. In all three stages, sampling continued until data saturation. Finally, by integrating the findings of all three parts of the psychotherapy protocol for sexual desire/arousal disorder, it was compiled and validated using the opinions of experts.

Psychotherapy protocol for women's sexual desire/arousal disorder containing 7 core categories including awareness and psychological education (with the main categories of providing information and sexual knowledge, developmental analysis of the disorder and adopting a systemic view of the disorder); motivation (with the main categories of hopelessness) creative and acceptance and commitment); value-oriented activation (with the main categories of relaxation training and mindfulness, value-based action and increasing differentiation); cognitive flexibility (with the main categories of examining the effectiveness of sexual thoughts and stereotypes, adjustment and conscious attention to sexual schemas); improving marital skills (with the main categories of teaching sexual and marital restraints, communication skills and conflict resolution); Secure attachment is acquired (with the main categories of restoring the attachment style, increasing the capacity of intimacy and connection) and sensory focus (with the main categories of teaching emotional expression and verbalization of emotional feelings). As a result of these 7 core categories, 15 main categories and 72 sub categories were obtained. The obtained protocol was validated and reliable using psychometric indices. The results indicated the validity (0.99) and reliability (0.94) of the proposed protocol.

The developed psychotherapy protocol can be used along with other existing interventions for the treatment of women's sexual desire/arousal disorder.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of lifestyle-based therapy, acceptance and commitment, and compassion on substance abstinence self-efficacy and quality of life in opioid-dependent individuals.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all opioid-dependent patients in the addiction treatment medium-term accommodation centers of Najaf Abad city in 2019. Among them, 40 people were selected by the convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups were trained in eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any training during the treatment. The evaluation was performed in three stages: pretest, posttest, and three-month follow-up with two scales of substance abstinence self-efficacy and quality of life. The data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance.

The results showed that all three methods of treatment significantly increased substance abstinence self-efficacy, and this difference still maintained at the three-month follow-up stage, but they had no significant impact on quality of life. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of three treatment methods on substance abstinence self-efficacy and quality of life.

The aforementioned therapeutic interventions can be used as effective methods to increase substance abstinence self-efficacy, but none of these interventions is an elective treatment.

Sexual interest/arousal disorder in women causes emotional and psychological damage and decreases marital quality and satisfaction and increases marital burnout. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the sexual function index and the quality of the marital relationships of women with sexual interest/arousal disorder.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included women with sexual interest/arousal disorder referred to counseling centers in Isfahan in 2020-2021, from which 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups (15 people in each group). Subjects of all two groups were evaluated in the pre-test stage with scales. Then the experimental group underwent an 8-session weekly intervention for two months and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention sessions, the members of the two groups were re-evaluated with research tools. SPSS 23 statistical software and univariate and multivariate covariance analysis statistical methods along with LSD follow-up test were used for data analysis.

The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was able to improve sexual desire (F=63.069 and sig=0.001), sexual arousal (F=51.439 and sig=0.001), sexual satisfaction (F= 7.07 and sig=0.014), improve orgasm (F=32.18 and sig=0.001) and quality of marital relationship (F=11.34 and sig=0.001).

According to these results, it can be said that the psychotherapy protocol for sexual desire/arousal disorder has the necessary effectiveness in modulating the symptoms of this disorder and can be used as a suitable treatment option along with other psychotherapy models for this disorder.

Some studies have addressed the role of meta-cognitive beliefs and emotional schemes in the persistence of symptoms of post traumatic stress disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the role of meta-cognitive beliefs and emotional schemes in predicting the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder in people referred to the legal medicine of Khorramabad City.

The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individuals with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder referring to the forensic medicine organization in Khorramabad City in 2017-2018. Among them, 200 individuals were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. The participants completed the PTSD Symptom Scale - Self report (PSS-SR, Foa et al, 1993), Meta-cognitive Beliefs Questionnaires (Wells and Carthage-Hatton, 2004), and Leahy Emotional Schema Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using step by step regression analysis.

Results revealed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder with meta-cognitive beliefs and emotional schemes (exept consensus and rumination) (p<0.05). In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that positive metacognitive beliefs (β= 0.500, p= 0.001), cognitive self-awareness (β= -1.090, p= 0.001), uncontrollability (β= -4.162, p= 0.001) and expression of feeling (β= -1.572, p= 0.001) might predict the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder.

With regard to the results of the current study attention should be directed to the relationship between symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder and meta-cognitive beliefs. Moreover, therapeutic interventions should be targeted at improving negative metacognitive beliefs and emotional schemes in patients.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affects different aspects of patientschr('39') lives and is associated with many physical and psychological problems and complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of memory specificity training on cognitive failure in female patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group.The statistical population this study included all women with MS referred to medical centers in Khorramabad in 1399, Who were free to participate in the study and using the convenience judmental sampling method, 30 people were selected and assigned to the experimental group (15 people) and control (15 people). The data collection tool included cognitive failure question (Bradbent, Cooper, Fitzgerald and Parkes, 1982). SPSS software version 19 was used to analyze statistical data. For this purpose, at the level of descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and at the inferential level, analysis of covariance was used.

The results showed that memory specificity training significantly reduced cognitive failure in the post-test stage (P <0.001, F = 37.69), in female patients with multiple sclerosis in the experimental group Took.

According to the findings of this study, memory specificity training is an effective psychological intervention in reducing cognitive failure in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a set of clinical symptoms that occurs following exposure to life-threatening events, and affects a variety of psychological variables. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prolonged exposure therapy on social support and the severity of symptoms in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, post-test and a two-month follow-up design and a control group. Using stratified sampling method, 30 patients (15 subjects in each group) with post-traumatic stress disorder referred to Farabi Psychiatric Clinic in Kermanshah City selected and they were randomly assigned. The Mean age of the sample group was 31.9.The study inclusion criteria was having PTSD based on clinical interview. The study exclusion criteria included having psychosis symptoms, drug addiction. The data were collected by structured clinical interview (SCID-I), social support scale (MOS), and the fifth edition of the post-traumatic stress disorder index (PCL-5). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA test.

The results showed that prolonged exposure therapy was significantly effective in increasing social support (F=2/66, P<0/01) and reducing the severity of symptoms (F=42/19, P<0/01) among the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

These results indicate that prolonged exposure therapy can alleviate the symptoms of the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. The family and social environment can correlate with the genetic predisposition to asthma and affect the timing and severity of the clinical view of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the structural relationships of inflexibility and parental psychopathological features on childrenchr('39')s asthma symptoms with the mediating role of childrenchr('39')s anxiety.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 200 parents of children with asthma and their children referred to the Asthma and Allergy Treatment Clinic of Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. Subsequently, they were investigated in terms of psychological inflexibility, parental psychopathological features, childrenchr('39')s anxiety, and severity of pediatric asthma symptoms. The data were collected using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire; Anxiety, Depression, Stress Questionnaire; Spence Childrenchr('39')s Anxiety Questionnaire Parental Version, and Spirometry. Furthermore, the data were analyzed in SPSS (version 23) and Amos software using the Pearson correlation method.

Based on the results, parental psychological inflexibility had a significant and positive correlation with childrenchr('39')s asthma symptoms (β=0.47; P<0.01). Furthermore, a significantly positive relationship was observed between parental psychopathological features and the severity of asthma symptoms in children (β=0.25; P<0.01). Psychological inflexibility and the psychopathological features of parents have an indirect effect on the severity of childrenchr('39')s asthma symptoms through childrenchr('39')s anxiety.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that psychological inflexibility and parental psychopathological features have a mediating role in childrenchr('39')s anxiety by affecting the severity of childrenchr('39')s asthma symptoms. Moreover, the assumed model had a favorable fit in this study.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of thenewly developed Contrast avoidance of worry and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the affective control in women with generalized anxiety disorder. The present study was a quasi-experimental one with pre- and post-test design including control group. 45 women with generalized anxiety disorder were selected as the study sample through convenient sampling method in 2019, and were assigned into one of the experimental and control groups. The Newly developed Treatment Contrast avoidance of worry and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy were held separately in 12 sessions and each session took about 90-minutes. No training was applied for the control group. The Affective control scale of Williams et al. (1998) was applied as the measuring tool in which subjects completed in pre- and post-test evaluations. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance. Findings showed that the developmental treatment contrast avoidance of worry and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improved the affective control (p <0.01), and the improvement rate was higher than the subjects of the control group (p <0.01); however, the two experimental groups did not differ significantly (P <0.05).  The Newly developed treatment contrast avoidance of worry and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improved the affective controlin women with generalized anxiety disorder. Developmental therapy focuses on the physiological and emotional experiences of the client so that they could experience the emotional contrast, which may be considered as one of the fundamental causes of generalized anxiety disorder. This approach may also be effective in treating mental disorders that have an emotional basic.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of memory specificity training on intrusive memories and depression in female patients with multiple sclerosis(MS).

This  quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population this study included all women with MS referred to medical centers in Khorramabad in 1399, Who were free to participate in the study and using the convenience judmental sampling method, 30 people were selected and assigned to the experimental group (15 people) and control (15 people). The data collection tools included Impact of Event Scale-Revised (Weiss and Marmer, 1997) and the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (Beck, 1996). SPSS software version 19 was used to analyze statistical data. For this purpose, at the level of descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and at the inferential level, analysis of covariance was used.

The results showed that memory specificity training significantly reduced intrusive memories in the post-test stage (P <0.001, F = 6.22) and depression in the post-test stage (P <0.001, F = 14.06) in female patients with multiple sclerosis in the experimental group Took.

According to the findings of this study, memory specificity training is an effective psychological intervention in reducing intrusive memories and depression.

Infertility is a painful emotional experience; Womenchr('39')s reactions to this feeling take the form of psychological problems such as sexual dissatisfaction and marital incompatibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an integrated approach to positive cognitive behavior therapy on sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women in Khorramabad.

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all infertile women who referred to the infertility treatment center in Khorramabad in 2019. The sample size consisted of 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale and Spinner Marital Adjustment were used to measure the variables. The intervention was then performed on the experimental group for 10 sessions of 90 minutes using the combined approach of positive cognitive behavioral therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. SPSS software version 22 and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.  

The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (P <0.01); This means that teaching an integrated approach to positive cognitive behavioral therapy increased sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women in the experimental group compared to the control group.

According to the obtained results, the integrated approach of positive cognitive behavior therapy can be used to improve sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women.

Metacognitive beliefs and processes contribute to anxiety and depression are often associated with Emotional and behavioral disorders in patients with epilepsy. Despite extensive studies revealed that anxiety and depression contribute to the stigma of patients with epilepsy, little is known on the relationship between metacognition and stigma in epileptic patients. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognition beliefs, anxiety, and depression with the stigma of epilepsy.

In this intermittent-descriptive study, 100 patients, both male and female, with epilepsy treated in different health care centers in khoram-Abad city in 2018 were selected. A short survey on meta-cognition beliefs, a questionnaire of anxiety and depression, analogy of stigma epilepsy, and a questionnaire of comprehension diseases were used.

The results showed that anxiety and cognitive confidence predicted the stigma in epileptic patients. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between anxiety and stigma and a negative correlation between cognitive confidence and stigma were observed in these patients. The regression analysis revealed that in the first step 44% of stigma variance was predicted by anxiety, and in the second step 52% of stigma variance was predicted by anxiety and cognitive predictor variables.

Our data indicate that a high-level of anxiety and a low-level of cognitive confidence could predict the stigma of patients with epilepsy.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of cognitive behavioral play therapy (CBPT) and its integration with parental management training (PMT) on the symptoms of ADHD in children aged 7-11 years.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with the control group. The study population included children with ADHD in Kermanshah city in 2019, of whom 48 were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and they were randomly allocated in experimental groups 1 and 2 and one control group in equal numbers. In the experimental group 1, CBPT was performed in 10 sessions of 10 -90-minute and in the experimental group 2, CBPT and its integration with PMT was performed  in 10 sessions of 10 -90-minute. The control group (group 3) did not receive any intervention. Data were collected before and after the intervention through completing Swanson attention deficit hyperactivity disorder questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

After the treatment, there was found a statistically significant difference between the average score of the symptoms of ADHD in the experimental group 1 (34.24±1.86) and the control group (37.80±3.23) and the experimental group 2 (31.18±2.07) and the control group (37.80±3.23) (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the effect of CBPT and the integration of CBPT and PMT (p<0.05). Comparing the mean of two approaches, the integrated intervention was more effective.

CBPT, PMT and their integration might be effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD.  The aforementioned approaches is suggested to be used in psychological counseling centers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of Complex Interpersonal Problems and Mutual Avoidance of Worry in Correlation Between Neuroticism and the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

The method of present study was the correlation of structural equation modeling, and The statistical population was comprised of 415 individuals with symptoms of GAD who were selected through available sampling method. questionnaires of Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were applied to collect data. Data were then analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software through Pearson correlation and structural equation.

results showed that The proposed model fits well. Neuroticism, in this model, had a direct and significant effect on complex interpersonal problems, Interpersonal problems had a direct and significant effect on Mutual Avoidance of Worry, and Mutual Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on generalized anxiety disorder. Mutual Avoidance of Worry and complex interpersonal problems Significantly mediated the association between Neuroticism and symptoms of GAD.

neuroticism, complex interpersonal problems, and Mutual Avoidance of Worry showed a direct and significant effect on symptoms of GAD. Moreover, Mutual Avoidance of Worry and complex interpersonal problems played the mediating role between neuroticism and symptoms of GAD.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediator role of emotional schemas in the relationship between childhood traumas and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Subjects in this cross-sectional descriptive study, were 350 patients referring to Isfahan counseling centers (194 males and 156 females) which were selected by available sampling method. In this study, the structured interview for the first and second axis disorders, Leahy Emotional Schema Scale, generalized anxiety disorder scale- 7 item and Childhood trauma Inventory was used.

The results showed that non-adaptive emotional schemas significantly mediate the relationship between childhood traumas (neglect and abuse) and generalized anxiety disorder but adaptive emotional schemas are not mediators of any aspect of childhood traumas with generalized anxiety disorder.

The present study suggests that the role of mediator of emotional schemas in the study of the relationship between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and childhood traumas should not be ignored.