faezeh nateghi

The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of elementary schools based on the Fundamental Transformation of Education document in order to provide the ideal model in Qazvin province.

according to its purpose and nature, it is of a mixed type, sources of data collection were done in the qualitative part: document of fundamental transformation of education, national curriculum, executive approvals of schools using the sampling method. Research tools: A 99-question researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient (0.91), the research community of primary education colleagues in Qazvin province (1462 people), 300 people were selected using the Cochran sampling method. In the quantitative part, Cronbach's alpha was used for the normality of the data and for the reliability of the Kolmogorov Smirnov goodness of fit test, structural equation modeling analysis was used for the validity of the presented model, and confirmatory factor analysis with the t test in SPSS software was used for the validity of the model.

The results of the qualitative part: all the extracted components are effective. The results of the quantitative part: for all the components, the t-statistic with a significant level of 0.0001 has a significant difference with the average level of 3. The average of the components Educational leadership and management 4.39, curriculum component 4.36, teacher training component and provision of human resources 4.57, financial resource provision and allocation component 4.68, provision of space, equipment and technology 4.56, research component and The evaluation of 4.56 is higher than the average level of 3. It indicates the high effectiveness of the identified factors of elementary schools.

according to the results of the research: provision of space, equipment and technology, research and evaluation, teacher training and provision of human resources, curriculum, guidance and educational management, provision and allocation of financial resources have a suitable factor load for prediction The model of achieving effective primary schools is from the point of view of the document of fundamental transformation of education.

The aim of this research was to design and validate a discipline-oriented curriculum model for elementary education with an emphasis on Gardner's Five Minds approach.

This study employed a mixed exploratory sequential research method. Initially, the desired model was developed through qualitative methods (synthetic literature review and semi-structured interviews). Subsequently, the proposed model's validity was assessed using quantitative method (survey) with input from the experts. Among the various theoretical and empirical studies conducted in this area, several were analyzed using synthetic literature review. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven experts and scholars in the field of Gardner's Five Minds approach, and their opinions were coded and analyzed to formulate the proposed model. Furthermore, to validate the research's proposed model, a researcher-made questionnaire was administered, completed by 22 experts through purposive sampling.

The research findings indicated that the discipline-oriented curriculum based on Gardner's Five Minds for elementary education comprises 8 dimensions and 17 sub-dimensions. These dimensions encompass goals, content, teaching-learning methods, learning opportunities, learning resources, learning environment, learning time, and assessment. Moreover, the results suggested that, from the perspective of experts and scholars in this field, the proposed model in this research enjoys good credibility.

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Gardner's Five Minds approach is more critical than multiple intelligences, and education based on these approaches can better prepare students for the complex world of the future. Therefore, it is recommended that educational stakeholders consider the proposed model for designing education for elementary school students.

The present study aimed to design an epistemological model of play with an emphasis on Philosophy for Children (P4C). This research was applied in nature, and the data were collected using a mixed exploratory method (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included document analysis and interviews with academic experts, while the quantitative section involved female middle school students in Tehran in 2021, with a total of 1,800 students selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The qualitative sampling method was purposive non-probability sampling, selected based on the principle of saturation. In the quantitative section, 315 participants were chosen using multi-stage sampling based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tools included document analysis and semi-structured interviews in the qualitative section, and a researcher-developed questionnaire in the quantitative section, which was derived from theoretical foundations, previous studies, expert interviews, and coding. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, face, content, and construct validity were used, and reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The qualitative data analysis method was theoretical coding (open, axial, and selective), while the quantitative section employed descriptive and inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling) using SPSS-v21, Smart PLS-v2, and Lisrel-v8 software. The findings showed that the epistemological dimensions of play with an emphasis on Philosophy for Children included individual epistemology (components: growth, thinking, and problem-solving), social epistemology (components: identity formation, reflection, and skills), and educational epistemology (components: educational, policy-based, and religious/ethical). In conclusion, based on the findings, a model for the epistemology of play with an emphasis on Philosophy for Children was designed, which had appropriate validity.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the elements of the curriculum to realize the entrepreneurship indicators section of the University of Applied Sciences. The present study was a developmental research in terms of the nature and quality of the theme analysis method. The statistical population in the study background consisted of all available domestic and foreign theoretical and research texts, related references and upstream documents of the country's education system. And he was an entrepreneur who was selected by the method of snowball and theoretically saturated. To ensure the reliability of the research data, the method of repeated study, data comparison, summarization and classification of information was used without any changes in the data. The model of the curriculum for the realization of entrepreneurship indicators in four areas of purpose, content, training methods and evaluation methods is presented. The objectives of the curriculum for the realization of the entrepreneurship indicators section were identified in four sections (entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial insight and entrepreneurial skills), each of which has sub-components. The content of the curriculum for the realization of entrepreneurship indicators includes 5 components (communication management, financial management, marketing and sales, human resource management, decision-making and problem solving), each of which has sub-components. The method of teaching the curriculum for the realization of entrepreneurship indicators includes three main methods (direct presentation methods, interactive methods and applied-operational methods), each of which has sub-components.

The present study explained the role and responsibility of parents and schools in the sexual education of children through library studies and qualitative-descriptive research methods in this field. Child sexual education requires parents to know when, what and how to pass it on to their child. Some parents think that it is better to keep the child away from any sexual issues so that sexual thoughts do not develop in their minds, but sexual questions inevitably arise in the minds of children and the ignorance of parents and their inability to answer some questions of children cause children to get confused about sexual issues. Therefore, the most important issue for them is to grow up in a safe environment physically, mentally and emotionally. In the meantime, due to the prevalence of abnormalities and widespread factors that make sexual deviations more and more widespread, it is the suitable implementation of sexual education methods that requires children to be raised in a healthy environment based on religious supervision and education. Employing such methods also guide their sexual instincts in the right direction, and protect them from all kinds of abnormalities such as masturbation, thirst, oral and verbal sexual abuse, prostitution and pornography that lead to sexual perversion and harm.

Mullā Ṣadrā places the “truth” in idealism alongside “truths” in realism in his Transcendent Philosophy. For him, truths are the same truth that reveals itself at different levels. In the view of gnostics, the four-fold spiritual journeys are a way for gnostic transcendence that the wayfarer traverses at different stages. This journey begins from fiṭrah (primordial nature), which has different levels with nature as its lowest level. Therefore, this journey or, in a sense, this process of learning begins with nature and becomes complete through a hierarchy of stages. The level of learning includes the level of theory and practice at the same time. Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical methodology is based on revelation, rational demonstration, and intuition in the sense that all elements must perceive and confirm the reality and truth of a finding. Relying on the Transcendent Philosophy, the present study follows a demonstrative method in order to define essentialist education and explain its origin and purposes. In doing so, it benefits from a meta-analytic method to introduce the levels of essentialist learning, which is based on human fiṭrah. The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model for education and learning whose philosophical foundations are not necessarily limited to one specific philosophical school.

Cultural education has been defined as the ability to learn new patterns in cultural interactions and provide correct behavioral responses to these patterns. Considering this fact that education has the mission of expanding and consolidating cultural values, it needs a suitable model for this important task. The present study was conducted with the aim of "designing a cultural education model for student teachers of Farhangian University". The study was carried out using the Foundation's sequential exploratory data. The participants in this research were expert and experienced professors, university faculty members, and managers of the cultural field using the snowball sampling method, and theoretical saturation was reached with 20 people. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. From the findings of the interviews, 353 codes were counted in the open coding stage and 36 codes were counted in the axial coding stage. The results showed that the cultural education model of the teachers of Farhangian University is a combination of the elements of the cultural education components, the strategies of developing the cultural model, the characteristics of the cultural education model, the suitable platforms for the implementation of the model, cultural education interventions and the consequences of the ideal model, each of which, among these elements, have characteristics that have been mentioned in the present research. According to the findings, it is suggested that implementing a comprehensive model of cultural education for student teachers of Farhangian University is essential. Because the results of the implementation of the model lead to the development and adherence to cultural values-dealing with social challenges and harms - correcting education in line with the flourishing of society's talents - respecting for national subcultures - strengthening the spirit of patriotism and the sense of national belonging - strengthening the sense of responsibility adaptability, confronting foreign invading cultures and transferring cultural heritage to the next generation.

The aim of the present study is Evaluation of the current status of the implemented curriculum of the Bachelor of Elementary Education of Farhangian University from the Community-based according to Harden's model which was carried out by the synthesis research method. In the qualitative part of in this research, by searching and collecting the theoretical and research background on the subject, we tried to identify and represent the desired concepts through their combination and identify the subjects that are suitable for the community-based.The statistical population of the research includes professors, students, and graduates of the Bachelor of Elementary Education in Farhangian University campuses which was done with the cluster sampling method and with the principle of randomness, 4 provinces were selected as samples and data collection was done through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the tool was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 the validity of the instrument was checked and confirmed by the opinion of experts and the findings of factor analysis. The research findings showed: In terms of Harden`s community based, is at a low level.

The present research has been conducted with the aim of designing a suitable curriculum model with an emphasis on religious democracy in the first secondary school.

The research method that governs this research is the sequential-inductive method. For this purpose, in order to achieve the desired pattern, using semi-structured interviews, from the opinions of 18 experts in education and training and other specialties related to the subject. was used Sampling in this section was purposeful and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Based on the information obtained from this section, the desirable components and elements of the official curriculum centered on religious democracy for the first secondary school were extracted. To validate the proposed model in the final part of the research, after designing the researcher-made questionnaire and evaluating its validity and reliability, the opinions of 40 related experts were collected about the internal validity of the model and analyzed and evaluated using the method of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. took

The results showed that the proposed model has good internal validity according to experts. Among the features of this model, we can refer to being native, paying attention to the characteristics of the audience, being exclusive, being scientific, comprehensiveness of the model, being new, and an active approach in education.

As far as possible, different and diverse methods are used in religious democracy training methods. Students learn in real life conditions. According to it, the methods of training religious democracy should be held in a participatory and interactive manner and these methods should not be implemented with coercion and imposition.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of Secondary School Chemistry textbooks based on the emphasis on the objectives of the resistance economy. The research method used in this descriptive study was content analysis. In this research, after quantitative data gathering, Shannon's entropy technique was used to analyze them. The statistical society of this study compiled the content of all secondary school chemistry books (tenth chemistry, eleventh chemistry, twelfth grade, and tenth science science and eleventh science lab). . The sampling method was all in this study; therefore, the entire text of secondary school chemistry was analyzed. The registration unit was the subject of this research. The results of content analysis showed that in the text of the reviewed books, the objectives of the resistance economy in the field of consumption and the areas of skill and knowledge are the most attention, and in the field of employment and production in the field of attentions, the least attention has been paid. Among the books, the focus is on the objectives of the resistance economy in the book of the 11th Science Lab and the least attention is given to the twelve-year chemistry curriculum. Findings from the frequency of components have shown that the attention to the objectives of the resistance economy is not normal distribution and is very little about the objectives of the resistance economy in the chemistry books.

The present study aims to investigate the components of the human and nature relationship in the human and health cluster curriculum in secondary high school. Because of the importance emphasized in “The Fundamental Reform Document” and “The National Curriculum” by the Ministry of Education, the subjects of “Human and Health” were considered strongly to be in the secondary school curriculum by the curriculum planners. If the content of these courses is tailored to the educational needs of students, it can play an effective role in improving the relationship between human and nature. The main question of this study: What are the features of the relationship between humans and nature in the curriculum with the subjects of humans and health in the second year of high school? The descriptive-analytical method of this research has been done manually by Shannon's entropy content analysis. The statistical population of the research was the secondary high-school human and health textbooks and their teacher guide in the year 2020-2021. The content of the study was (all books),7162 primary codes obtained and 15 main components, and 161 sub-components. Findings show that the greatest attention was paid to the highest information load and significance coefficient (WJ) of the authority (0.163), ecotourism (0.127), water (0.108), relief and rescue (0.107), biodiversity (0.1), air (0.093), waste (0.091), energy (0.079), soil (0.051), religious belief and national (0.027), soft war (0.025) and the lowest coefficient of the importance of the component is the stable security (0.006), Welfare and Social Security (0.003), nutrition and health (0.012), lifestyle (0.01). The findings of the present study indicate the revision of the curriculum of the Human and Health cluster is an undeniable necessity.

The present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the effectiveness of elementary schools based on the document of fundamental transformation of education in order to provide an ideal model in Qazvin province.
Its research method is mixed. In the qualitative dimension, the exploratory method and thematic analysis have been used, and its tools are: open, theoretical and selective coding, and its statistical population includes: the document of fundamental transformation of education, executive approvals of schools, and the national curriculum. In the quantitative aspect, the descriptive and descriptive survey method was used, the research tool is a questionnaire whose validity was checked and confirmed by experts and reliability by Cronbach's alphabet. Using proportional stratified method and Cochran's formula, 300 people from the available statistical population were selected as a sample. In the quantitative part, Cronbach's alpha was used for the normality of the data and for the reliability of the Kolmogorov Smirnov goodness of fit test, and the validity of the measurement model was used from the confirmatory factor analysis with the t test in the SPSS software, and structural equation modeling analysis was used to estimate the validity of the presentation model.
The results showed: the average of educational leadership and management components is 4.39, curriculum is 4.36, teacher training and provision of human resources is 4.57, provision and allocation of financial resources is 4.68, provision of space, equipment and technology is 56 4.4, research and evaluation is 4.56 more than the average level of 3 and has a suitable factor load for predicting the pattern of achieving effective primary schools based on the document of the fundamental transformation of education.
In order to move towards more effectiveness, elementary schools need a change in management and leadership, up-to-date and efficient curriculum content, and trained human resources.

In today's society, one of the growing problems that has disrupted life in urban communities is related to traffic problems and the behavior of citizens in this field. In fact, living in an urban society, due to the emergence of various centers such as administrative, commercial, and residential, has led to the increase of countless intra-city trips for each member of the society and has brought with it a problem called traffic. In general, traffic can be considered a phenomenon that is the result of interaction between human actions, nature (natural environment) and machine (technology). Among the factors affecting traffic, human actions, which are known as traffic behavior, is an issue that refers to the individual skills, perceptual and cognitive abilities of the driver, and shows how the driver reacts to traffic laws and warnings. Is. Therefore, traffic behaviors play an important role in traffic accidents. So that unpleasant traffic behaviors cause more accidents, and on the other hand, positive traffic behaviors promote the creation of a safe traffic environment. Therefore, the education of any country, considering that it covers a significant level of society and citizens, can be successful in teaching traffic behavior in various aspects, and through training desirable traffic behavior in the form of training The theory in the content of the books and practical training can be effective in projects such as: police assistant, etc. at different educational levels and to some extent guarantee the health of the citizens. The research method of this article is the descriptive method of analysis with library technique.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the reconstructionism theoretical perspective on Ethics training and Lawfulness to students.

From a purpose perspective, the research method is fundamental and theoretical, and from an implementation perspective, it is of the philosophical research type. The required data were collected by document analysis and using the note-taking tool, and analyzed by the descriptive-interpretive method. The community under study consists of written books and electronic resources that present the theoretical perspective of reconstructionism, as well as research backgrounds related to the research topic.

Research findings indicate that the reconstructionism theoretical perspective in the field of teaching ethics and law acceptance to students has specific educational elements. Reviewing the content of the curriculum with an emphasis on critical thinking, strengthening effective social relationships, employing new technologies, learning the culture of peace, providing a platform for obtaining firsthand social experiences, teaching problem-solving skills, striving to dignify individuals in society and cultivating worthy citizens - each of these theories has educational foundations and principles, goals, content, and instructional methods about moral and legal education, which share similarities and differences.

In explaining the findings of the current research, it can be said that from the point of view of pragmatism, real education and training takes place more effectively in an open or democratic environment, an environment that is free from absolutes that hinder the freedom of research. Old and new individualism, stubborn individualism, has been rejected as a historical remnant. Pragmatism strongly suggests planning and social action to adapt the emerging organized social system to human goals and purposes.

Sexual education is one of the important aspects of education that is necessary to pay attention to in the adolescent period, despite significant studies in this field, so far no comprehensive and efficient solutions have been provided to improve the situation of adolescent sexual education. The main goal of this research was to identify the appropriate solutions to reduce the gap between the current and desired sex education in the first year of secondary school, from the teachers' point of view.

The research method is practical in terms of its purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of its nature and method, and the tool for collecting information is a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the content of the questionnaire has been checked and confirmed by calculating the Laushe coefficient and the reliability of the questionnaire by testing it and calculating the bisection method. The statistical population of the research was all the teachers and executive staff of the first secondary schools of Hamedan province in 1400, of which 380 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. T and FREDMAN statistical tests were used in the data analysis in the SPSS22 software environment.

15 strategies were identified to improve the status of sex education in schools. Placing content related to sexual education in textbooks makes all schools obliged to present those topics to students and already with educational design, consider various educational elements and comprehensive and efficient education in this have context The participation of parents and teachers in the sexual education of students and the preparation of parents in terms of motivational factors, knowledge and ability in the sexual education of adolescents makes the education more effective in this field. The inclusion of an extra-curricular lesson with the title of "deserving boys and girls" in schools will provide opportunities for education related to sexual education to students jointly at the level of all schools. The attractive title of the lesson makes students more interested in these topics.

Considering that the modesty of a number of students prevents them from asking confidential questions in the field of sexual issues, the use of indirect education tools such as question boxes and non-present communication channels can be effective in the sexual education of students.

Cultural education has been defined as the ability to learn new patterns in cultural interactions and provide correct behavioral responses to these patterns. Considering this fact that education has the mission of expanding and consolidating cultural values, it needs a suitable model for this important task. The present study is conducted with the aim of "designing a cultural education model for student teachers of Farhangian University".

  The study is carried out using the grounded theory approach and sequential exploratory data.  The participants in this research were expert and experienced professors, university faculty members, and managers of the cultural field using the snowball sampling method, and theoretical saturation was reached with 20 people. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview.

From the findings of the interviews, 353 codes were counted in the open coding stage and 36 codes were counted in the axial coding stage.

The results showed that the cultural education model of the teachers of Farhangian University is a combination of the elements of the cultural education components, the strategies of developing the cultural model, the characteristics of the cultural education model, the suitable platforms for the implementation of the model, cultural education interventions and the consequences of the ideal model, each of which, among these elements, have characteristics that have been mentioned in the present research. According to the findings, it is suggested that implementing a comprehensive model of cultural education for student teachers of Farhangian University is essential. Because the results of the implementation of the model lead to the development and adherence to cultural values-dealing with social challenges and harms - correcting education in line with the flourishing of society's talents - respecting for national subcultures - strengthening the spirit of patriotism and the sense of national belonging - strengthening the sense of responsibility adaptability, confronting foreign invading cultures and transferring cultural heritage to the next generation.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of teachers in Qom based on the model of efficient teachers corresponding to the document of fundamental change in education and the strategic plan of Farhangian University. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of the study was teachers of different primary and secondary education in Qom, in which 380 people were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling method. Et al., 1399) that the validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been examined and confirmed. For data analysis, one-group t-test and Friedman test in SPSS software were used. Findings indicate that, in general, the efficiency of teachers in Qom is in good condition in terms of the three dimensions of efficient teachers, namely, belief and attitude, ability and competence and performance and behavior. But the status of teachers in 22 components out of 80 The efficient teacher component is not in a good condition and needs more attention

This research has a dual purpose. First, the investigation of the current situation of paying attention to the components related to subcultures in the two elements of goals and content of the Iranian curriculum, and secondly, the design and validation of the model based on the perspective of the curriculum experts, in which it becomes the desired situation. experiences and opinions of experts in the field of multicultural education, the phenomenological method was used. The research community included all the specialists in the field of multicultural education curriculum in universities, and in order to sample them, the purposeful sampling method based on snowball was used. Also, to collect information in the first question, the method of analyzing and reviewing related books was used, and in the second and fourth questions, the interview approach was used. In the findings section, the results obtained in the first question showed that attention to ethnic groups and cultures has the lowest place in the curriculum of the first year of secondary school. In the second question, all academic experts and professors acknowledged the importance of paying attention to subcultures in the curriculum. they expressed their views regarding the inclusion of educational goals, topics and content of the curriculum based on Iranian ethnicities and cultures as two elements of the program. They expressed a lesson, and based on their views, a model was designed for more attention and precision to this matter, which was recognized from the point of view of reliable experts.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of teaching philosophy to children on epistemological beliefs and learning environmental concepts in 11th- grade students. The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population consisted of 11th- grade students in Arak city, 44 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 22 control and experimental groups. Subjects in the experimental group were taught human and environmental lessons for 12 sessions based on the principles of the philosophy for children program. Whereas in the control group the training method was conventional. Data collection tools were Schumer's Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (1990) and a researcher-made environmental concept test. Analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. The results showed that applying philosophy in the children programs had a positive and significant effect on epistemological beliefs and their components as well as learning environmental concepts of students (p = 0.001). Based on the results of the study, it is suggested to incorporate the principles of philosophy for children in the curriculum rather than being implemented separately.

The purpose of the current research is to examine the philosophical foundations of scientific exploration with an emphasis on the category of man and the world in the philosophy program for children.

This study is of an applied research type and qualitative in nature, which was conducted using thematic analysis method.

In the way of achieving the goal of the research, two concepts of scientific exploration were analyzed with emphasis on the category of man and the world in terms of philosophical foundations and man and the world in the religious philosophy education program for children. The results of the analysis indicated that some foundations believe in reasoning and rationality in issues, some believe in both experience and reasoning, and others believe in dialogue and discourse. In the concept of scientific exploration with emphasis on the categories of man and the world, one group considered man as the center of identification, and scientific knowledge as dependent on man, and one group considered human knowledge to be discriminatory, and another group did not consider scientific knowledge to be dependent on man, but scientific knowledge outside of people search. A group also seeks knowledge through nature, reason, revelation, intuition and narration. Also, regarding the world, a group believes in a fixed and unchanging world, and some believe in a changing and renewing world, and some believe in its immutability, and what can be seen in the philosophy education program for children in the category of man and the world is the belief in an unstable world. It is evolving and complex with an open system and a combination of the object and the mind and an organic world with an active and dynamic human being who plays a role and participates in building knowledge.

The purpose of this study is to study and compare freedom and education from the perspective of Shahid Motahari as one of the most important Islamic philosophers of the present age and Sartre as a representative of existentialism.

The method of this research is library in terms of theoretical purpose and library and documentary in terms of data collection.

The research findings show that according to Shahid Motahari, which is derived from the Islamic point of view, serving God is the same as freedom. The spirit of selfconfidence is among the learners and these principles are in harmony with human nature and have used the methods of reason, reverence, worship, etc.

Therefore, from Sartre's point of view, man is obliged to be free and independent, and the educational goals derived from this view of relativism in education are active learning, free thinking and fostering creativity, and his most important educational principles are freedom, responsibility, creativity and relativity. It has used conversational training methods and an open classroom.

The purpose of this study is to design a formal and experienced curriculum model for sixth grade elementary mathematics course. In this study, through literature review and exploratory interview, to identify the components of formal and experienced curriculum for sixth grade elementary mathematics course through analysis The theme and content analysis method (analysis unit coding, categories and registration unit) were discussed. For field interviews, formal curriculum research participants include curriculum faculty members and math faculty members, top math instructors, math curriculum planners, and researchers in the field of curriculum planning education familiar with math and curriculum education. They were curricula, and in terms of the curriculum experienced, the community includes experienced and specialized teachers in the sixth grade of elementary school. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method was performed during three stages of open, axial and selective coding using MaxiCode software of Pro version. Data analysis showed that the components of the formal curriculum in both practical and rational dimensions include problem solving, creativity, activities, intellectual skills and comprehension and reasoning; And the components of the curriculum experienced in both theoretical and practical dimensions including problem solving approach, purposeful teaching, teaching principles, practical teaching, research-based teaching method, exploratory teaching method, teaching in departments, modern teaching method and method Teaching is motivating. The results of the present study can be a good guide for the planners of the sixth grade elementary mathematics curriculum to determine the educational topics.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of augmented reality, virtual reality, mollage and traditional education on cognitive load in the biology lesson of 10th grade female students in Arak city. The method of the current research was semi-experimental using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population was all 10th grade female students of secondary school in Arak city, 113 of them (in the form of four classrooms) were selected as a statistical sample by random cluster sampling method and finally the replacement of the classes in the experimental and control groups It happened randomly. To measure the level of cognitive load, Pass and Van Merenbauer rating scale was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of covariance and for pairwise comparison of groups using Benferroni correction) and spss software version 23. The findings of the research showed that there was a significant difference between the cognitive load of the students who were trained with augmented reality, virtual reality, mollage and traditional methods, and among these methods, augmented reality had the greatest effect in reducing cognitive load, and the teaching method had the least effect had a tradition In other words, using the method of augmented reality, virtual reality and mollage in line with each other, and finally, traditional education, respectively, introduced the least amount of load when entering information into active memory in students. According to the results, teachers should be given the necessary training to use such technologies and use augmented reality and virtual reality in their teaching methodology, while not paying attention to other available facilities, such as mollages, which if used correctly Such facilities, sometimes on par with technologies, can be used to reduce cognitive load.

The aim of this study was to design and validate an extracurricular curriculum model in junior high school with a social harm prevention approach. In this study, the methods of qualitative content analysis, documentary method and descriptive-inferential method were used. The samples for data collection were 20 experts in the field of education and 10 sources related to extracurricular activities in education who were selected by non-probability sampling method of snowball or chain. Data collection techniques were semi-structured individual interviews with extracurricular curriculum specialists and qualitative analysis of texts. The data obtained from the interviews were analytically coded and analyzed using SPSS software. The findings of this study identified the characteristics of extracurricular curriculum elements with social harm prevention approach for purpose, content, teaching learning strategies and evaluation, respectively, and the initial model of extracurricular curriculum with harm prevention approach. The model was approved after validation by experts and experts and the implementation of adjustments. The results of this research can be used in the design of extracurricular curriculum in junior high school. According to the research findings, students who participate in extracurricular activities have more social adjustment.

The educational institution is considered one of the largest producers of information and undoubtedly the largest consumer and storer of information and knowledge, this is important in our country due to the quantitative development of educational institutions and attention to religious and national components. And it has a higher value. The production of knowledge and its optimal application in the process of education and training will increase the knowledge and ability of learners in their most important mission, that is, the training of capable and efficient human resources will succeed more than in the past. However, throughout history and in the contemporary era, there have been many crises that have affected the process of social presence of people in the society and have reduced the desire of people to be outside the house. Seasonal diseases, air pollution, riots and street conflicts, etc. have been among these crises. But the new crisis that has affected all countries is the way of the Covid-19 virus. An outbreak of the novel Covid-19 pneumonia occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and caused global concern. As with all disease outbreaks, the first likely psychological response of the general population is fear of contamination. They also fear that this epidemic will continue. The borderless spread of this new and deadly virus has caused the closure of public centers, educational facilities and important events, including various levels of social and research activities, etc. in different parts of the world. In this regard, one of the institutions affected by Covid-19 was educational organizations and institutions such as schools and universities. The aim of this study was to analyze and explain the pattern of integrated curriculum in elementary school virtual education in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic.

In terms of applied purpose, in terms of method, the present study was a mixture of consecutive exploratory type and in terms of data collection method in the qualitative part of the data base and in the quantitative part, correlation and structural equations. In the first (qualitative) part of the field interview, the participants included curriculum instructors and some prominent elementary teachers who had top provincial rankings in teacher evaluation, and these individuals were purposefully selected (20 interviews). With 20 people and continued to the point of theoretical saturation) and in the second part (quantitative), the statistical population included elementary teachers in Arak (360 people). The research tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire (36 items in the form of four indicators) was selected. MaxQDAPro, SPSS24 and Smart PLS2 software were used to review and answer the research questions and to draw and compile the measurement model and structural model.

The results of the present study showed that the four central codes of learning activities, objectives, content of the integrated curriculum and evaluation of academic achievement were the central codes of the integrated curriculum model in elementary school virtual education in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic. Also, the results of the structural model showed that all four dimensions have sufficient fit.

The results of the present study, even after the end of the Covid-19 pandemic period, can pave the way for primary education managers and planners in the country to improve primary education.