fahimeh keshavarzi

This qualitative research was carried out with the aim of presenting a curriculum renewal model in the higher education system and with the systematic research method of the Grounded Theory Approach. For this purpose, by conducting open interviews with 23 curriculum experts, data was collected and analyzed in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The results of the research showed the extraction of more than 200 basic concepts from the interviews, as well as the statistics of 117 sub-categories and 22 main categories, which in the form of a paradigm model includes curriculum revision and renewal as a central category; Causal conditions (need assessment, commitment, expertise and independence of teachers' actions, etc.); Strategies (foreseeing, constant monitoring of environmental capacity, university-industry interaction, etc.); Platforms for curriculum renewal (quality of management in revision of courses, type of cooperation between stakeholders, etc.); The intervening conditions (the prevailing values ​​in the society, the revision of the bylaws, etc.) and the consequences of curriculum renewal (curriculum effectiveness, etc.) were proposed and designed and explained in the form of the final model of curriculum renewal

The present study aimed to explore the lived experience of elementary school teachers about the Quality of the Shad program management information system in the form of a phenomenological study. The qualitative research design was implemented using the descriptive phenomenological method. The research population consisted of 17 teachers with teaching experience in Shiraz in 2021. Their selection was performed through a purposeful sampling approach and standard sampling method. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview. The criteria of acceptability and reliability of qualitative data were used to measure the initial validity of the data. After coding the data, the theme analysis method (basic, organizing, and global themes) was used to form a network of quality themes for the Shad program management information system. The five organizing themes were experiences related to students’ academic performance, students' behavioral interactions, students' evaluation experiences, and teachers’ teaching, experiences related to parents, and finally, an exploratory model in a global theme called system quality. Considering the necessity of online teaching in all grades, especially elementary school, it is suggested that policymakers and educational planners first provide the necessary technological infrastructure for the trustees of the field of education and measures such as knowledge of the management information system in the Shad program and how to use it. It is desirable to create a two-way teaching environment, create a student evaluation system, improve the speed of programs, and so on to see the effective results of such systems.

The outbreak of Corona virus has led to the closure of schools since February 2019, so the 12th grade students who were preparing to take the entrance exam were forced to make more efforts. The main purpose of the present study was to understand the lived experience of 12th grade students to prepare for the university entrance exam in the coronavirus outbreak crisis, which was implemented using phenomenological methods. The method of data collection was to use a semi-structured interview. Based on this, with the approach of purposeful sampling and standard method, 12th grade students were selected and finally 14 people were interviewed based on theoretical saturation. Interview analysis was performed using a cleavage model and thematic analysis method. After extracting and categorizing the topic, in 2 main themes and 8 sub-themes including educational challenges (including four sub-themes; use of counselors, difference in curriculum content with the materials provided in the training network, reducing competition and reducing learning effectiveness) and Individuals challenges (including four sub-topics; motivation, increased study costs, decentralization, and increased study time) were classified. Considering the issues mentioned by the 12th grade students, the special attention of the education system administrators to Universities entrance exam of 1399 is necessary.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the industry-oriented sense making competencies of engineering students. This qualitative research was carried out using the seven-step method of Sandlovski and Barroso. The metacomposite team consisted of three experts in curriculum planning and one expert in metacomposite research. 107 related research sources were used as the basis of the analysis, The result of which was extracting 11 themes of problem finding, finding a topic, choosing a topic with the aim of finding a new solution. Analyzing the information needs, designing and compiling the information search structure, implementing the information search process, evaluating the information search process, compiling the problem solving structure is based on the final information. Also the implementation of problem solving, the consequences of problem solving, and the final decision regarding the problem solving structure. The validity of the data was confirmed by using the techniques of reliability, transferability and alignment of data and trustworthiness of the data was also confirmed by the accurate guidance of the flow of information collection and alignment of the researchers. The results showed that proper sense making is necessary for success in many jobs, and a person must be able to make decisions, take action and develop an action plan in a turbulent and complex environment and in an uncertain state. Professors can show their creativity in the classroom by teaching sense making in the teaching process and combine the art of effective teaching with scientific knowledge. Based on the results of the research, on the one hand, it can provide educational planners with a wide range of experiences, on the other hand, the identification of themes analyzed in the sense masking approach has a significant impact on improving the quality of teaching in the field of engineering education. The correct understanding of these factors are very important for the university and the higher education system.

The main purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of students in relation to the requirements of effective teaching of teachers in a virtual environment and in critical situations of the prevalence of Covid 19.

This qualitative research was performed using phenomenological method. The method of data collection was using a semi-structured interview questionnaire. Accordingly, with the purposive sampling approach and standard method, graduate students of the Department of Humanities, Shiraz University, were selected, and finally obtained by in-depth semi-structured interview with 25 people with theoretical saturation.The interviews were analyzed using the Colaizzi (1978) model and the content analysis method.

After extraction and thematic classification, six main themes and 39 sub-themes were identified.The main topics included infrastructure, classroom management, attention to students' psychological dimension, quality, teaching aids, evaluation.

Paying attention to the above components and the set of sub-themes discussed in the article pave the way for quality improvement, effectiveness, and, consequently, efficiency of education on a large scale.

The purpose of this study is to provide the training needed to develop woman empowerment. The method of the present study is a qualitative case study. Potential participants in this study included experts and faculty in various fields of education (sociology), sociology, law and psychology, as well as sample women in Fars province (sample managers and mothers), using purposive sampling method. The theoretical saturation criterion was selected from 15 specialists and 10 sample mothers and 5 sample women who had managerial tenure. The method of data collection was in-depth interview and study of documents related to the research subject. The content analysis method was used to provide the training needed to realize the development of women's empowerment and identify the challenges in this area. As a result of the necessary trainings for empowering mothers, 5 themes were organized: art education, skill training, spiritual and religious education, psycho-cognitive education, socio-economic education, and the challenges ahead in implementing such an important one. Exploring various issues such as women's resistance, male resistance, local community resistance, economic and political problems, and finally solutions to make the empowerment components of mother’s work. Accreditation and reliability techniques were used to validate the qualitative results.

The main purpose of this study was to the analysis of the first-grade elementary teachers experiences from educational games outcomes at the Corona epidemic. This applied study is a qualitative and multidisciplinary research that analyzes the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from the results of educational games with a meta-analysis, the findings of global studies and then based on the use of phenomenology, teachers' lived experiences in corona epidemics. Explored. The meta-analysis design was performed using the six-step Sandlowski and Barroso method and the phenomenological design was performed using the seven-stage Colaizzi model. The tools used were semi-structured interviews and participants in this section were 14 teachers in the academic year 2020- 2021, who were selected using the purposeful approach of the criterion, snowball technique and theoretical saturation criteria. The data analysis of this section was performed using thematic analysis method. Based on the results of the two projects, the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from educational games in corona epidemics were identified in the form of three main themes including student performance, teacher performance and parent performance. The conclusion is that the use of educational games in the classroom can reduce psychological problems and increase the effectiveness of learning.The main purpose of this study was to the analysis of the first-grade elementary teachers experiences from educational games outcomes at the Corona epidemic. This applied study is a qualitative and multidisciplinary research that analyzes the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from the results of educational games with a meta-analysis, the findings of global studies and then based on the use of phenomenology, teachers' lived experiences in corona epidemics. Explored. The meta-analysis design was performed using the six-step Sandlowski and Barroso method and the phenomenological design was performed using the seven-stage Colaizzi model. The tools used were semi-structured interviews and participants in this section were 14 teachers in the academic year 2020- 2021, who were selected using the purposeful approach of the criterion, snowball technique and theoretical saturation criteria. The data analysis of this section was performed using thematic analysis method. Based on the results of the two projects, the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from educational games in corona epidemics were identified in the form of three main themes including student performance, teacher performance and parent performance. The conclusion is that the use of educational games in the classroom can reduce psychological problems and increase the effectiveness of learning.The main purpose of this study was to the analysis of the first-grade elementary teachers experiences from educational games outcomes at the Corona epidemic. This applied study is a qualitative and multidisciplinary research that analyzes the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from the results of educational games with a meta-analysis, the findings of global studies and then based on the use of phenomenology, teachers' lived experiences in corona epidemics. Explored. The meta-analysis design was performed using the six-step Sandlowski and Barroso method and the phenomenological design was performed using the seven-stage Colaizzi model. The tools used were semi-structured interviews and participants in this section were 14 teachers in the academic year 2020- 2021, who were selected using the purposeful approach of the criterion, snowball technique and theoretical saturation criteria. The data analysis of this section was performed using thematic analysis method. Based on the results of the two projects, the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from educational games in corona epidemics were identified in the form of three main themes including student performance, teacher performance and parent performance. The conclusion is that the use of educational games in the classroom can reduce psychological problems and increase the effectiveness of learning.The main purpose of this study was to the analysis of the first-grade elementary teachers experiences from educational games outcomes at the Corona epidemic. This applied study is a qualitative and multidisciplinary research that analyzes the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from the results of educational games with a meta-analysis, the findings of global studies and then based on the use of phenomenology, teachers' lived experiences in corona epidemics. Explored. The meta-analysis design was performed using the six-step Sandlowski and Barroso method and the phenomenological design was performed using the seven-stage Colaizzi model. The tools used were semi-structured interviews and participants in this section were 14 teachers in the academic year 2020- 2021, who were selected using the purposeful approach of the criterion, snowball technique and theoretical saturation criteria. The data analysis of this section was performed using thematic analysis method. Based on the results of the two projects, the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from educational games in corona epidemics were identified in the form of three main themes including student performance, teacher performance and parent performance. The conclusion is that the use of educational games in the classroom can reduce psychological problems and increase the effectiveness of learning.The main purpose of this study was to the analysis of the first-grade elementary teachers experiences from educational games outcomes at the Corona epidemic. This applied study is a qualitative and multidisciplinary research that analyzes the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from the results of educational games with a meta-analysis, the findings of global studies and then based on the use of phenomenology, teachers' lived experiences in corona epidemics. Explored. The meta-analysis design was performed using the six-step Sandlowski and Barroso method and the phenomenological design was performed using the seven-stage Colaizzi model. The tools used were semi-structured interviews and participants in this section were 14 teachers in the academic year 2020- 2021, who were selected using the purposeful approach of the criterion, snowball technique and theoretical saturation criteria. The data analysis of this section was performed using thematic analysis method. Based on the results of the two projects, the experiences of first-grade elementary teachers from educational games in corona epidemics were identified in the form of three main themes including student performance, teacher performance and parent performance. The conclusion is that the use of educational games in the classroom can reduce psychological problems and increase the effectiveness of learning.

The education system is one of the complex and large social institutions in any society, which is inextricably linked to social, cultural and economic growth and development, and which gradually evolves from a simple elementary state towards a better, more complex one. This system has created healthy, growing, balanced, developed, and talented human beings, on the one hand, and has satisfied human resource needs in different cultural, social and economic sectors, on the other hand. Socialization is one of the major goals of education which takes place at schools where textbooks can play a critical role in socializing learners. Socialization features are characterized by some special mechanisms and can affect learners. Therefore, clarifying the way such mechanisms are influencing can be very illuminating. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is considered as one way for revealing how mechanisms of socialization features work. CDA can be used to express the relationship between language, power and ideology. This study was an attempt to analyze the Sixth Grade Thought and Research Textbook in the 2019-2020 academic year through benefitting from the integration pattern proposed by Van Leeuwen (1996) and by adding socialization features, including values, norms, roles and life skills, to the discourse-oriented features of Van Leeuwen. This was made possible through the use of CDA. Furthermore, the existing differences between the relevant features were taking into account by calculating frequency, percentage of socialization and discourse-oriented features, and Chi square. Based on the findings, traditional gender roles, traditional roles of kids and teens, social rules and regulations, social ceremonies, theoretical values and decision-making skills had the highest levels of frequency in the textbook. Moreover, religious, political, national and familial values were hidden in the relevant discourses of the textbook. Additionally, traditions, rituals, rites, social traditions, ethnic practices, effective communication skills, the skill of saying no and tolerance for success were not considered in the textbook. Moreover, all values and norms of social pact, social etiquette, social ethics, social law and regulations, gender and age maps, and life skills, including self-awareness, empathy, interpersonal relationships, emotion management, problem solving, decision contemplation, creative thinking, and critical thinking were considered in the discourses of the textbook. Considering gender maps, males were depicted more than females in the book, and both males and females were depicted more in their traditional roles than their new roles. Based on the findings of this study, it can be argued that religious values and traditional gender maps were hidden in the discourses of the textbook. The results further showed that the frequency of concealment was less than frequency of revelation of features. Therefore, it seems that the textbook authors have tried to clearly show their favored line of thought or ideology. The results further revealed that from among the norms, social customs, social rituals, social traditions and ethnic practices, and from among the skills, effective communication, coping with stress, the skill of saying no, and tolerance for success were ignored in the discourses of the textbooks. It should be noted here that national, economic, artistic, globalization and family values were less frequent in the textbook than individual, religious and theoretical values. Moreover, the frequency levels of creative and critical thinking skills was less than those of problem solving and decision making skills. As other findings of this study revealed, depersonalization was less frequent than characterization, uncertainty was less frequent than identification, naming was less frequent than classification and de-linking was less frequent than linking in the relevant textbook. Considering these findings, future researchers are recommended to focus on the authorship and compilation of new textbooks by taking into account the new plan of the primary and secondary education system. Additionally, future researcher are recommended to examine the expertise and the theoretical and ideological orientation of experts involved in compiling the present textbook.

Educated and efficient teachers have the capacity for change and innovation, and the quality of their performance and professional competence facilitates and develops the educational system. Understanding the importance of the role of teachers in creating change in the context of education, especially in practical and skill dimensions, the purpose of this study was to design a framework for the professional competencies of entrepreneurial teachers. The approach in this study was qualitative and the method used was a case study. Potential research participants included successful entrepreneurs in the field of education, especially teachers who had the necessary experience and expertise in the field, curriculum specialists who had valuable experiences in the field of research. Participants were selected using a purposeful approach and snowball sampling method and using the theoretical data saturation criterion to determine the number of participants. Semi-structured interviews and review of relevant sources and texts were used to extract the framework of professional competencies of entrepreneurial teachers. Also, using the thematic analysis method, basic, organizing and comprehensive themes were obtained. Acceptable and reliable methods were used to validate the data. The initial framework consisted of 57 basic themes and four organizing themes (personality, teaching, social and professional competencies) around the overarching theme of the professional competencies of entrepreneurial teachers. In such a way that a teacher within the framework of professional competencies of teachers should have these competencies together and develop them together. The educational system must provide appropriate conditions and contexts with this organized framework.

The purpose of this study is to identify the requirements and conditions for realizing the development of women's empowerment based on Iranian women's competencies. The method of the present study is a qualitative case study. Potential participants in this study included experts and faculty in various fields of education (sociology), sociology, law and psychology as well as sample women in Fars province (sample managers and mothers), using purposive sampling and The theoretical saturation criterion was selected from 15 experts and 10 sample mothers and 5 sample women with managerial tenure. The method of data collection was in-depth interview and study of documents related to the research subject. The content analysis method was used to study the requirements and conditions for the realization of women's empowerment development based on Iranian women's merit. As a result, the requirements and conditions for the realization of women's empowerment development were formulated into five components of organizing educational-political, socio-economic, cultural, and family environment. Accreditation and reliability techniques were used to validate the qualitative results.

The effectiveness of the higher education system is achieved when the goals and missions of higher education and its subsystems are achieved at the expected level. In fact, effectiveness is the study of the effectiveness of activities performed to achieve predetermined goals. The aim of the present study was to develop an analytical framework explaining the effectiveness of higher education curricula based on a strategic approach. 

The method used was qualitative case study and potential participants were faculty members in curriculum planning field at Iranian state universities, using a targeted approach and a methodology to select key experts with 17 individuals, for example, interviews and data analyzes Using the theme analysis engine and forming a network of themes, themes were taken. Also, using validation criteria, the content validity and credibility of the content network were approved. 

Based on the experiences and insights generated by this research, in order to further explain three types of effectiveness based on a strategic approach with four key components of environmentalism, the future orientation, refinement and dynamics of the explanatory framework including some analytical aspects of the division meanwhile, the complement has been identified, including the dimensions of capabilities, actuality and agency, the necessity of inclusion and interaction of various types of effectiveness in higher education curricula.

Each type of effectiveness has its own conditions, characteristics, and coordinates, and each, depending on its characteristics, leads to different outputs and different end results.  Therefore, far-sightedness, along with effective action based on the feedback received from all experts and educators, achieves the realization of the mentioned benefits.

The values medical students expect from education and their love of learning will lead to the enhancement of their knowledge and skills and assuming a dynamic attitude towards improving and enhancing the services offered in the health system. Utilizing higher order thinking skills contributes to facilitating and accelerating this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic values, love of learning, higher order thinking skills, and academic achievement of medical students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. The present study was a descriptive correlational study the statistical population of which consisted of all medical students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2019-2020 (n = 306). Using Cochran's formula and random sampling method, 160 students were selected as the participants (65 males and 95 females). Research tools included questionnaires of love for learning, academic values, higher order thinking skills, and students' academic achievement. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression. The results showed that academic values and love of learning were positive and significant predictors of academic achievement and students' higher order thinking skills. Also, higher order thinking skills were positive and significant predictors of students 'academic achievement and played a mediating role in the relationship of academic values and love of learning with students' academic achievement.

With the outbreak of the coronavirus and the subsequent closure of universities and higher education centers in Iran, higher education officials were forced to offer education through learning management systems and online education systems. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the lived experience of postgraduate students of Shiraz University regarding online education during the Covid-19 crisis, relying on phenomenological methods. Data collection was done using semi-structured interviews. Accordingly, based on a targeted sampling approach and standardized method, graduate students who used online education were selected, and 22 students were finally interviewed upon reaching data saturation. Interview analysis was performed using a Colaizzi model and thematic analysis method. After extraction and categorization of the themes, 4 main themes including 14 sub-themes were obtained.  The main themes included education (including five sub-themes: creating new educational opportunities and experiences, promoting media literacy, changing learning responsibility, changing teaching methods, and reducing participation in learning) , infrastructure (including four sub-themes: Internet connection issues, lack of public access to the Internet, poor quality of audio and video, and poor system support), flexibility (including two sub-topics: student freedom of action and lack of time and space restrictions), and economy (including four sub-themes: Internet connection fees, buying hardware, saving time, and transportation cost). Due to the problems and disadvantages mentioned by the students, it is necessary to upgrade the network infrastructure to provide quality online education.

Following the outbreak of the coronavirus, the closure of schools and the need to continued education in the school coerces, teachers were forced to provide training on social networks. The main purpose of the present study was to understand the lived experience of parents of first course of elementary school students in the challenges of virtual education in social networks due to the Outbreak of coronavirus, which was implemented using phenomenological methods. The data collection method was to use a semi-structured interview questionnaire. Accordingly, with a targeted sampling approach and standard method, parents whose children have used virtual education on social media for at least a month were selected, and 16 people were finally interviewed based on theoretical saturation.Interview analysis was performed using a cleavage model and thematic analysis method. After extracting and categorizing the topic, the advantages and disadvantages of virtual education in social networks in five educational categories (advantages: preventing academic backwardness and creating opportunities for creativity; Disadvantages: unwillingness to complete class assignments and reduction of adherence to class discipline regulations), Social (advantages: student freedom of action and greater parental supervision; Disadvantages: Elimination of group activity and laziness and distraction of students), cultural (advantages: entering virtual education into the education system and creating new experiences; Disadvantages: eliminating the charisma of teacher presence and fatigue and boredom of some parents), Economic (advantages : reducing travel costs and saving travel time; disadvantages: time for additional training and the cost of providing the necessary hardware) and technical (improving media literacy of parents as good; disadvantages: lack of visual appeal of videos and Lack of mastery of information technology ) were classified. In addition to the disadvantages mentioned by parents, it is necessary to design a coherent and effective infrastructure for providing virtual education

The purpose of this sequential exploratory mixed method research of the type of classification is a formulation of a practical model for development of empowering mothers in Iranian society. In this regard, the qualitative purpose of the research is to explore the framework of applied components in the development of empowered mothers and the quantitative purpose of the research is to validate the developed framework, to measure its usefulness and feasibility. Research method in qualitative part, case study and potential research participants included experts and faculty members as well as sample women in Fars province. The sample mothers and 5 women from the sample city with managerial tenure were selected. The method of collecting qualitative data was in-depth interview and study of documents related to the research subject. The content analysis method was used to develop a practical model for developing empowering mothers in Iranian society. Based on the findings of the qualitative part of the research, the model of empowering mothers in Iranian society was explored in 5 themes of organizing personal knowledge, environmental knowledge, personal attitude, environmental attitude, personal skill and environmental skill and 57 basic themes. Based on the findings of the first part of the study, a scale was designed for use in the quantitative section. In the quantitative section, the validity of the framework was measured by the descriptive-survey method. The statistical population consisted of faculty members specializing in psychology, educational sciences, sociology and law, which were selected through purposeful sampling approach and key informants were selected and distributed among them. The framework was validated using Lisrel 8.8 and Spss 21 software and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the model was valid, useful and applicable.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causal model of quality of campus community, Student Value and Academic Civility Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

The research method was descriptive correlational method. The research sample consisted of 338 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were selected by cluster random sampling method. The Research tools was College and University Community Inventory (Ernest Boyer, 1990), student value (Dziewanowska, 2017) and academic civility (Clark & Springer, 2017). Data obtained from questionnaires were evaluated in both descriptive and inferential sections using statistical tests by spss21 and lisrel8.54 software. By implementing the structural equation model, it was found that the proposed model has a good fit and the students' scientific etiquette is well predicted and explained through the quality of the university environment.

The findings showed that the quality of campus community has a positive and significant effect on academic civility (P < 0.001). The quality of campus community has a positive and significant effect on student value (P < 0.001). The findings showed that the student value by mediation the quality of campus community could affect the academic civility students (P < 0.001). Students 'values also play a mediating role in the relationship between the quality of the university environment and students' academic civility.

Values determine the desirable path of students’ life especially in the final years of their studies, therefore, students obtained necessary motivation based on a set of values which is internalized in them and attempt to achieve their great goals. Hence, it is necessary to provide important measures for the development of higher education environment and also to provide the basis for the internalization of values in students with the aim of their education and literacy toward the desired goal and perfection.

Numerous factors play a role in the quality of university environment in different educational and research aspects. Researchers have explained these factors from different perspectives. Achieving these factors facilitates improvement of universities in various areas. Universities are then compelled to design and implement effective educational courses for students and reflect their findings about effective curricula.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between educational-research environment of the university and students’ self-esteem considering the mediating role of spiritual health in medical education curricula.

The statistical population consists of all the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, of whom 211 students were selected by stratified random sampling. Research tools included educational-research environment of university questionnaire, spiritual health questionnaire and self-esteem questionnaire.

The results indicated that components of educational-research environment of the university have a significant effect on students’ self-esteem and students’ spiritual health. The findings also showed that educational-research environment of the university and spiritual health have a significant effect on students’ self-esteem, and predicted 33% of the total variance of students’ spiritual health. Finally, spiritual health plays a major mediating role between students’ self-esteem and variables of infrastructures and facilities.

Therefore, higher education curricula must be designed, developed and most importantly implemented such that learning the content of the curricula in the higher education environment helps students find meaning and purpose in life, gain a deep understanding of life values and strive to attain humanity, nobility and wisdom.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness ofquality of learning experience on academic stressand research self-efficacy of medical students. Hence, the research method was a descriptive correlational study. The research sample also consisted of 268 medical students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences those were selected by cluster random sampling method. In addiotion, the research tools included quality of learning experience scale, academic stressscale and Research self-efficacy scale. After confirming their validity and reliability, the scales were distributed among the samples, and then the data were analyzed using structural equation model. Findings consequently showed that the quality of learning experience had a positive and significant effect on Research self-efficacy, although  it had a negative and significant effect on academic stress.  Correspondingly, academic stress caused a negative and significant effect on Research self-efficacy. These results indicated the existence of a significant relationship between the quality of learning experiences, academic stressand self-efficacy of research, therefore, this suggests that the relationship between the quality of learning experiences and their research effectiveness is directly and indirectly impacted by academic stress.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between university research culture and research self-efficacy of graduate students of shiraz university and intermediation of ability to academic writing. the research method was a descriptive correlational study. The research sample consisted of 297 graduate students of Shiraz University who were selected by Stratified random sampling method. The research tools included university research culture (Köksal & Razı, 2011), the ability to academic writing (Payne, 2012) and Research self-efficacy (Salehi et al, 2010). After calculating their validity and reliability, they were distributed among the samples and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed that the university research culture has a positive and significant effect on the ability to academic writing (β= 0/68, p› 0/001) and research self-efficacy (β= 0/22, p› 0/001). Also, the ability to academic writing has a positive and significant effect on Research self-efficacy (β= 0/52, p› 0/001). Also, the university research culture has an indirect and positive and significant effect on the research self-efficacy (β= 0/35, p› 0/001). Therefore, the indirect impact of the research culture of universities on creating a sense of research self-efficacy is more than their direct impact. Because the existence of research culture can be a factor in the development of the skills and abilities of individuals in the research and writing of scientific texts, this factor increases the feeling of self-efficacy by influencing the attitude of individuals in their capabilities.

The aim of study was to explain the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior variable in the relationship between abusive supervision and innovative self-efficacy.  The research method is a correlational descriptive research using structural equations modelling. The research sample consisted of 200 staff employees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The basic tools of this research included 3 scale that include Tepper’s abusive supervision, organizational citizenship behavior Lin et al and employees’ innovative self-efficacy scale Tierney & Farmer and Dörner. To examine the validity and correlational analysis, the SPSS software (version 22) was used. For structural ‎equation modeling (SEM) and also for the model fitness, the Lisrel (version 8.1) was used.  Findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between all variables. Also, there has a negative and significant effect on employees’ organizational citizenship behavior (t-value= -3.96. sig= 0.0001). In addition, organizational citizenship behavior has a positive and significant effect on employees’ innovative self-efficacy (t-value= 5.10. sig= 0.0001). Therefore, organizational citizenship behavior has a mediating role in the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ innovative self-efficacy.

Context: The present study used a strategic approach to develop a conceptual framework for evaluating the curriculum effectiveness, which appears not to be limited to the internal dimension as far as the strategic approach is concerned as a comprehensive, environment-based and future-oriented method including both external and institutional dimensions. Evidence Acquisition: Given that the available information about the effectiveness of medical education curriculum based on a strategic approach is institutionally qualitative, multidimensional and consequential, exploring, extracting and analyzing the related data requires using a qualitative model for dealing with the diversity of resources and information. A review of literature suggested that the cyclical process of analysis is a qualitative research method with the required characteristics consisting of the following phases: (1) Data collection process, (2) data reduction, (3) data organization and analysis, and (4) conclusion (interpretation and conclusion). Triangulation was used to validate the findings of the research method. Certain components of the effectiveness evaluation of medical education curriculum based on a strategic approach include achieving the internal goals of curriculum, satisfying the requirements of the internal environment through curriculum implementation, developing students’ knowledge, attitude and skills, the internal coherence and consistency of the curriculum and the internal quality of the curriculum. These components also include fulfilling the goals, social acceptance of the curriculum, significant roles in social development, national self-sufficiency, proper performance and the education system reforms, improving the external image, and the strategic success of medical education curriculum. The results of these comprehensive strategies include knowledge and skill adjustment, professional responsibility, spirit of accepting the change, flexibility, adaptability to the varying environment, optimal use of resources, and receiving feedbacks on the effectiveness of the implemented programs to modify or clarify the goals or strategic selections and decisions.

This research attempted to investigate the strategic planning and its processes in higher education, focusing on higher education curricula in the format of interdisciplinary fields. In this regard, a descriptive-analytical approach was adopted in order to examine the researches carried out in this field, consider scientific concepts and texts, orient future researches and provide a conceptual framework therein. Given the qualitative nature of the research, it was tried to collect data openly through Analytic Network Process. The results showed that the curriculum-based strategic planning cycle was continually and interactively intermingled with the strategic desirability, strategic analysis and strategic orientation in higher education and in macro environment in different dimensions and elements at a wider level. In other words, paying due attention to curricula in higher education in terms of environmental dynamics through mapping appropriate mission and prospect paves the way for addressing the threats and opportunities ahead and provides the necessary planning requirements for the implementation of the desired strategy. The realization of such an important issue leads to accountability tailored to the environmental requirements, creation and development of knowledge, coherence and proper development of the effectiveness of curricula appropriate to the environmental dynamics and capabilities

The aim of this study was to present a causal model of constructivist class structure (consisting ­field-orientation,relativism, participation and qualitative evaluation), goal orientation and academic performance. Subjects of this study were 218 BA and MA students from the faculties of humanities, basic sciences and engineering at Shiraz University. Subjects were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research instruments were constructivism Inventory (Mansuri, 1389) and Goal-orientation Questionnaire (Elliot and McGregor, 2001). Also, the standard score of academic achievement mean was the index of the academic performance. Results of Path analysis based on Baron and Keni (1986) stages showed that: The components of ­field-orientation,participation and relativism predict student’s academic performance, positively. Field-orientation and relativism were found to be positive predictors of the approach goal orientations and the negative predictors of the avoidance goal orientations. Qualitative evaluation was also a positive predictor of the avoidance goal orientations. Moreover, approach goal orientations predicted academic performance positively and had the mediating role in the relationships among the components of­ field-orientation andrelativism and the academic performance of university students.

Curriculum as a learning map should have led to a change in behavior, and creates a set of knowledge, thinking, attitudes, values and skills in the person. Empowering university for scanning a meaningful and constructive campaign in various evolved future requires the design and implementation of effective programs, hence a major fundamental change in the education system in particular as well as society in general should be created. Recognizing the importance of curriculum effectiveness in higher education to achieve the ultimate goals, missions and visions of university; and regarding to the integrity of three-dimensional perspective of internal, external and institutional of effectiveness; and due to its applicability to measuring the effectiveness of the curriculum in higher education for better and more comprehensive understanding of curriculum; the present study examined three aspects of the effectiveness of the curriculum in interdisciplinary higher education. Regarding the effectiveness of the curriculum from the three dimensions of internal, external and institutional, it can provide coherent framework for achieving the essential goals of educational program. The result of study showed that creating a balance and coherence between the internal factors as well as creating harmony and balance between the intended, implemented and achieved curriculum in relation to the environment, in addition to communicate effectively with dynamic and evolved environment (External effectiveness), consequently, the achievement of missions and fundamental desirability in medical education curriculum (institutional effectiveness) interacting with each other have been observed an absolute necessity.

Student's love of learning and need for learning lead to adopting of strategies which are the grounds for innovation, especially at a global level. Therefore, the implementation of effective methods and strategies to create motivation and interest in learning in students seems essential. The main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between medical student's love of learning, need for learning, and passion for searching and global innovation.
This correlational descriptive study was carried out on students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during the 2014-2015 academic years. From among 338 students, 200 students (86 men and 114 women) were selected through random sampling method and using the Cochran formula. The data collection tools consisted of McFarlane’s Love of Learning Questionnaire, Mowen Lifelong Learning Questionnaire, the Sensation Seeking Scale, and Hurt’s Global Innovation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression in SPSS software.
The findings indicated that love of learning and need for learning were significant positive predictors of student's global innovation (R2 = 0.44, P Based on the relationship between exogenous, mediator, and endogenous variables, it seems that the love for learning is considered to be strength. In addition, through perseverance, individuals will win various merits. Thus, universities should create the grounds for student's innovation by providing the necessary conditions for the flourishing of talent, and creating of interest and love of learning through the passion for searching.