h. ahmadi

Geotechnical engineers are exploring the potential benefits of incorporating mineral additives like zeolite into soil stabilization, which is critical in construction activities. This laboratory experiment aims to assess the impact of zeolite on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of clayey soil under both standard and temperature curing conditions. The study involves blending fine-grained clayey soil with different proportions of natural zeolite (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 percent by weight compared to the dry weight of the soil) to test the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear test (DST), and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) under standard curing conditions (7, 28 and 90 days) at laboratory temperature and different curing temperatures (3 days at temperatures of 20°C, 40°C and 60°C). The microstructure of the specimens was also examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results from the study show that incorporating 5% zeolite into clayey soil enhances shear strength parameters and increases UCS significantly, 1.85 and 2.4 times higher than that of clayey soil, under both standard 90-day curing and accelerated curing at 60°C, respectively. Also, due to the improvement of shear strength parameters due to the addition of zeolite in two conditions of standard 90-day curing and accelerated curing at 60°C, the growth of 1.55, 1.86, 1.53, and 1.72 times has been observed for cohesion and internal friction angle of the soil, respectively. Analysis of the microstructure of the specimens revealed better compaction and improved particle connection due to the formation of aluminosilicate hydrate (ASH) gel with the addition of zeolite to the soil, illustrating the positive impact on mechanical characteristics.

Knowing the behavior of hot deformation and microstructure changes of API-5CT-L80 alloy steel is of great importance in the production of oil and gas industry pipes. For this purpose, in this research, the thermomechanical behavior of this steel was investigated by isothermal hot compression test in the temperature range of 1173 to 1373 K and strain rates of 0.001 to 1 s-1 s. The experimental results showed that the hot deformation behavior of steel is a softening behavior caused by the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon that in some conditions, the material shows complex behavior in the form of multi-peaked curves. The results of the microstructural investigation showed that with the increase in the deformation temperature, the formed grains have a larger size compared to the low temperature state, and more martensite phases are formed, which are more elongated martensite blades compared to the phases formed at low temperatures. The effect of strain rate was also significant like the effect of temperature because the rate of deformation had an inverse effect on grain growth, so recrystallized grains have enough time to grow at low strain rates. At high strain rates, the pearlite phases appeared more polygonal, and very small nucleation were observed in the austenitic boundaries of the ferrite and Wiedmannstein phase, which did not have enough time to grow, and at high strain rates, the martensite blades also tend to thin.

Energy consumption in the building sector, especially in residential buildings, due to the development of urbanization, has taken the largest share among all consumption sectors. Therefore, it is very necessary to predict the energy consumption of buildings, which has been presented as a challenge in recent decades. In this research, adaptive fuzzy-neural inference system (ANFIS) and MATLAB software have been used for forecasting to supply electrical energy to residential buildings whit random data that collected based on the hourly electricity consumption of conventional residential buildings in Tehran. According to the applied settings for the solar and wind energy production has been done by solar panels and wind turbines. The use of renewable energy is one of the ways that can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and also reduce environmental pollution. Statistical indicators such az MSE, RMSE, µ, σ, and R were used to evaluate the model performance . The obtained values well show the ability of this model to foresee the generation and utilization of energy in privat reresidential buildings with tall exactness of about 96% and 90%, respectively. Therefore, this model well show the ability of to the needed estimates in the mentioned buildings with high accuracy.

Kamal, is a new winter bread wheat cultivar developed by the national rainfed bread wheat breeding program for the cold and temperate dryland areas of Iran. New cultivar created by crossing between Sbn//Trm/k253 and 88Zhong218//Ctk/Vee/3/Kvz/Gv//Prl in Maragheh Research Station. Kamal was selected from segregating population from F2-F7 in Maragheh (2002-2008) based on agronomic characteristics. Based on results, Kamal grain yield means in preliminary and advanced regional yield trail was 2234 and 1719 kgha-1, respectively. Results of elite trail in cold and moderate research stations (2012-2015) showed that the grain yield mean of Kamal was 2120 and means of Azar2 and Ohadi cultivars were 2066 and 2083 kgha-1, respectively. Kamal cultivar in East Azerbaijan province was compared with conventional control cultivars in the farmer fields for 3 years and the results showed that the average grain yield of Kamal and checks were 2604 and 2230 kgha-1 respectively. Kamal is a winter type variety with time to heading of 143 days, 67 cm plant height, 40, gr. 1000 kernel weight, 11.4% protein content, 20 ml Zeleni numer, 41 degree of hardness, 27% wet gluten and 15 unit of gluten index. Results revealed that Kamal cultivar is tolerant to cold and drought stresses, with suitable earliness, and good bread quality but susceptible to yellow rust and leaf rust, this xultivar way and released in 2019 under the name of Kamal for cold and moderate cold dry areas of Iran.

An awareness of the state of erosion in watersheds seems to be necessary for planning and prioritizing management and conservation activities. The purpose of the present study is to prioritize areas for watershed conservation and management activities by preparing a soil erosion intensity map using a geomorphological model and the AHP technique in the Safaroud River watershed, which is located in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. So, criteria in the geomorphological model, such as physiographic, climatic, geological, vegetation and land use criteria were used for the erosion intensity mapping. The studied criteria were weighted using the AHP technique. The erosion facies map was prepared, and the weight of each facies for erosion incidence was calculated. By combining the raster map of each criteria weight with the raster map of the facies weight together in GIS, the raster map of erosion intensity was prepared. The results showed that the land use criterion exhibited the minimum weight (0.045), while the climatic and geological criteria the maximum (0.209). By preparing the homogeneous unit map and calculating the weighted average of the erosion intensity in each homogeneous unit, it was determined that homogeneous units No. 17, 28, 39, 29 and 14 with erosion intensity coefficients of 0.0848, 0.0663, 0.0585, 0.0571 and 0.0476, and a total area of ​​341.94 hectares had the highest erosion intensity in the area. Hence, these homogeneous units are prioritized for protection and management plans.

Thermoplastic composite sheets have attracted increasing attention in various industries due to their high Specific strength and energy absorption capacity. In the upcoming research, the behavior of composite sheets with polyamide6 thermoplastic matrix and continuous glass fibers (PA6/GF) has been investigated under quasi-static penetration and drop weight test. Since the polyamide matrix is significantly sensitive to the effects of strain rate, the required mechanical properties at different strain rates were extracted by the Hopkinson test. Based on this test, the strength of the studied composite has grown by 47% at the same strain rate as the drop weight compared to the quasi-static penetration test. As a result of the impact, failure modes such as fiber breakage, separation of fibers from the matrix, vertical and horizontal cracks concerning to the direction of the fibers have been observed. Also, numerical simulation was performed with LS-DYNA software and the effects of strain rate extracted from Hopkinson's test were applied in numerical simulation, which brought the accuracy of the simulation to 9.6% in calculating the maximum force. Based on the results of numerical simulation, in thicknesses less than 2.5mm, the SAE of the composite sheet is constant; Also, the maximum energy absorption in 4-layer composites were related to the laminate [902/02] with 18J of energy absorption.

In recent years, the vibrations control of beams has been significantly considered by researchers and a lot of research has been done in this field. Given that the material of studied beams was mostly metal or composite, so in this study, in order to increase the physical and thermal resistance, the studied beam was considered as functional graded (FG). In this paper, the active control of nonlinear vibrations for an FG beam with different boundary conditions under external loading is investigated. Two piezoelectric layers are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the beam to be used as sensors and actuators. To discretize the equations of motion, Glerkin method is used, and the numerical simulation is utilized to solve the discretized equations. In order to control the vibrations of the beam, the feedback linearization control and the sliding mode methods have been used. The time-amplitude and time-voltage curves are shown for five boundary conditions, including, clamped- clamped, free-clamped, simply-clamped, free-free and simply-supported ends. The results of the mentioned control methods are compared for all boundary conditions in the presence and absence of uncertainty.

Energy production and consumption play an important role in the domestic and international strategic decisions globally. Monitoring the electric energy consumption is essential for the short- and long-term of sustainable development planned in different countries. One of the advanced methods and/or algorithms applied in this prediction is the meta-heuristic algorithm. The meta-heuristic algorithms can minimize the errors and standard deviations in the data processing. Statistically, there are numerous methods applicable in the uncertainty analysis and in realizing the errors in the datasets, if any. In this article, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is used in the error’s minimization within the relevant algorithms, and the used dataset is actually relating to the past fifty years, say from 1972 to 2021. For this purpose, the three algorithms such as the Imputation–Regularized Optimization (IRO), Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO), and Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO) have been used. Each one of the algorithms has been implemented for the two linear and exponential models. Among this combination of the six models, the linear model of the ECBO meta-heuristic algorithm has yielded the least error. The magnitude of this error is about 3.7%. The predicted energy consumption with the winning model planned for the year 2030 is about 459 terawatt-hours. The important socio-economical parameters are used in predicting the energy consumption, where these parameters include the electricity price, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), previous year's consumption, and also the population. Application of the meta-heuristic algorithms could help the electricity generation industries to calculate the energy consumption of the approaching years with the least error. Researchers should use various algorithms to minimize this error and make the more realistic prediction.

In terms of geomorphology, the dry and desert areas of Iran consist of three geomorphological units, mountains, plains, and playa. Playa is the lowest drainage level of the watershed that leads to the lowest point of the desert and is covered by horizontal layers with fine-grained deposits. More than 60 playas are known in Iran. As the masses of the Iranian plateau were folded and raised for balance, a part of the solid crust subsided and created pits or playass. Therefore, the evolution of pits should be investigated after the emergence from the end of this period. Just as external factors caused drastic changes in the structural forms of the folds during the fourth geological period, the pits also underwent many changes under the influence of these factors. There are huge pits or depressins on the sides of the Alborz mountain range. In the north is the Caspian Sea pit and in the south the largest internal pit extends from Qazvin to Khorasan, so that in the mountainous region of Khorasan, pits are formed parallel to the axial surfaces of the folds. In the north of Iran, the Caspian Sea pit and Lake Urmia are seen, as lakes due to the import of water, while some others have become dry or turned into marshland due to the lack of water at the end of the third era (Tabas pit).  It is believed that subsidence of Lut block has formed the driest, hollowest and lowest desert, which is also regarded as the least explorated and most fearful land in Iran and perhaps in the world.

Most agricultural products are viscoelastic, showing a complex behavior during transport, grading, and separation. Thus, it seems necessary to determine the mechanical properties of these materials to analyze their behavior and minimize losses. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of hybrid type (154×153, 31×32, and 154×151), loading rate (10 and 20 mm/min), and loading direction (horizontal and vertical) on the mechanical properties of silkworm cocoons. A factorial experiment was used in a completely randomized design to analyze the data, and the means were compared by the multiple range Duncan test at a probability level (α) of 5%. The results showed the significant impact of the hybrid type, loading direction and speed, and their interaction on all mechanical properties of specimens. All mechanical properties of hybrids decreased as the loading speed increased from 10 to 20 mm/min. On the other hand, the rupture force, rupture energy, toughness, and deformation at rupture point were higher in horizontal loading than in vertical loading. According to the results, the highest rupture force (10.05 N) was measured for the hybrid 154×153. However, the highest rupture energy (2.78 J), deformation at rupture point (610 mm), and toughness (3.6×10-4 J/mm3) were measured for the hybrid 31×32 under horizontal loading at a loading speed of 10 mm/min. The lowest rupture force (3.83 N), rupture energy (0.27 J), deformation at rupture point (160 mm), and toughness (0.34×10-4 J/mm3) were obtained for the hybrid 154×151 under vertical loading at a loading speed of 20 mm/min.

Crack is a processed solid form of cocaine that includes stronger addictive effects than those of cocaine powder. Abuse of psychological stimuli, including crack cocaine, includes adverse effects on the memory and learning. Use of vitamins has been suggested as an effective treatment for the substance abuse. The aim of this study was to assess effects of the intraperitoneal injection of vitamin C on spatial memory and lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus of rats during crack cocaine poisoning.

This study was carried out on six groups of six male rats. Three days after intraperitoneal injection of crack cocaine, vitamin C or a combination of these drugs in the experimental groups for five days, Morris water maze device was used to assess spatial memory-linked parameters. Rats were then sacrificed and their hippocampus was removed and lipid peroxidation in this brain site was assessed using malondialdehyde. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and SPSS Software. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using  one-way analysis of variance, Tukey post-hoc test and SPSS Software.

Intraperitoneal injection of high doses of crack cocaine (15 mg/kg) significantly decreased parameters associated to the spatial memory on Days 3 and 4 of the experiments (p < 0.01). Intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg vitamin C improved spatial memory in rats poisoned with crack (p < 0.05) with no effects on lipid peroxidation in hippocampus
(p > 0.05).

Doses of vitamin C in this study were able to improve the spatial memory function of rats treated with crack cocaine to normal levels.

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics affecting the research independence of students-teachers in order to their professional development.

The qualitative research approach was conventional content analysis. The statistical population included all students working at Farhangian University of Shahid Motahari Khoy in the academic year 1399-1400, 16 of whom were studied by purposive sampling of the index type. In this regard, semi-organized interviews were conducted and sampling continued until data saturation. To validate the findings from the method of rich data description and self-review of the researcher and Simultaneous review method was used to determine the reliability of the data.

Findings showed that the components of functionalism(pragmatism, management, utility selection), scientific identity(cognitive synergy, researcher-teacher, scientific self-efficacy, scientific self-knowledge), thinking(rationalism, critique, creativity), Research leadership(research culture, resource making, scientific networking) and attitude cultivation(Strategy building, normativeness, credibility) are the main themes that with 172 primary themes provide the conditions for independent student-teacher research activities.

The results showed that student-teachers by creating a positive mentality towards research activities, develop their scientific capabilities and guide the process of governing these ideas.

Vibration of a floating roof in cases of tube and foam seals has been analyzed by ANSYS. Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) and sloshing phenomenon have been considered. Modal responses, time waves and frequency spectrums of the roof vibrations in the two sealing cases were evaluated during horizontal seismic excitation of the tank base. Then, the effects of the main mechanical factors of the seal on the roof vibration were investigated. The roof vibration amplitude in the foam sealing case was considerably lower than that in the tube sealing case due to more damping of the foam seal. Also, the foam sealing case had higher natural frequency than the tube sealing case due to more tank-axial (vertical) shear modulus of the foam seal in relative to the tube seal. Regarding this result, the foam seal was vertically added by 50% and the tank base was seismically excited again. It was seen that this improvement in thickness has more contribution to the floating roof vibration mitigation.

The time between the first and the last chick hatching is called the hatch window and the time required for all eggs to hatch is between 24 and 48 hours (Decuypere et al. 2001). In addition, processes such as sex determination, vaccination, and on-farm transfers require more time, resulting in hatched chicks not being able to access water and feed for 72 hours. (Willemsen et al. 2010). Post-hatch fasting leads to high chicken mortality, low growth in the first week and a reduction in disease resistance, due to insufficient storage of yolk sac and incomplete bird's immune system in this period. One suggested option for overcoming these challenges is in ovo feeding (IOF), (Zhai et al. 2008). The in ovo injection of nutrients around days of 17 to18 called in ovo feeding (Foye et al 2006), supplies the embryo with additional nutrients via amniotic fluid prior hatching and those nutrients continue to be utilized by the chick post-hatch during this fasting period. Yolk protein is a source of maternal antibodies. The results suggest that IOF increases immunoglobulins, weight of bursa of fabricius, and lymphocyte proliferation on 28 days of age (Dibnere et al 1998). Results from another study indicate that, drinking water contains glucose leads to decrease in gluconeogenic enzymes, which means reduction in proteins breakdown and beneficial antibodies (Donaldson 1995). In most studies, egg is inoculated with a single nutrient, while other factors assumed to be constant. In such studies, the interrelationships between factors are ignored. Therefore, designing experiments using modern statistical mathematical methods in order to optimize test conditions and obtain more accurate results will be useful (Ahmadi and Golian 2010). Response surface methodology (RSM) is a proper model, because it is a useful set of statistical and mathematical procedures to survey responses from the combinations of the factors for searching optimum results, optimizing the interactions between factors and their levels, and to reduce investigation costs. In this method, in addition to examine the effect of each factor, all coefficients of the quadratic regression model and the interaction of factors can be estimated. Box-Behnken design (BBD) is a multivariate experimental design, where multiple factors are studied simultaneously. The BBD is considered to be more efficient than full factorial designs, because it requires a significantly smaller number of treatments and allows researchers to estimate and optimize processes (Box and Hunter 1957). This study was performed to determine the immune response of broilers to in ovo feeding of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and dextrin and the first time of access to feed, using Box-Behnken design.

A total of 1800 fertile eggs of 65 wk-old broiler breeders was obtained from a commercial broiler breeder flock (Ross 308) and stored under commercial conditions for two days before incubation begins. Eggs were weighed, and those within a similar weight distribution (66.4 ± 1.3 g) were randomly distributed into 60 groups of 30 eggs. Eggs were then incubated in a commercial hatchery at 37.5°C and 56%relative humidity. On the 15th day of incubation all eggs were candled and cracked and unfertilized or contained dead embryos eggs were discard (Kornasio et al. 2011). On the 18th day, 1500 eggs were randomly assigned into 15 treatments based on a Box-Behnken design (Box et al. 1987) with four replicates and three levels of in ovo administration of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (0, 0.5 and 1.0 %) and dextrin (0, 20 and 40 %) in a 0.9 % saline as well as timing of the first feeding (6, 21 and 48 h). The injection was performed manually through a hole made in the wide part of the egg, using needle number 23 and injection of 0.5 ml of sterile solution, which was inserted to a depth of 17 mm of amniotic fluid (Uni et al. 2005). From the hatched chicks of each replication, 14 chicks were randomly selected, weighed and transferred to the farm, and according to the box-Benken design in 15 experimental treatments (each treatment has four replications and totally 60 experimental units were reared). Access to water and food was free during the 42-day trial period. Chickens were fed three diets of starter, grower, and finisher based on the Ross 308 strain nutrients requirement (Ross Broiler Guide 2014). The feed form and composition, were in crumble form with 2850 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 21.92% crude protein) during starter period (1 to 10 days), in pellet form (3 mm) with 2880 kcal/kg ME and 19.97% CP during grower period (11 to 24 days) and in pellet form (6 mm) with 2950 kcal/kg metabolic energy and 17.98%crude protein during finisher (25 to 42 days) period (Ghanaatparast et al. 2018 a,b). Experimental data (60 data lines) gained by BBD were fitted to the second-order polynomial equation by SAS through the RSREG procedure. A ridge analysis (Draper, 1963, SAS Institute 2011) was used to compute the optimal response for TPB and PPB maximization (RIDGE MAX procedure in SAS). Using ANOVA and corresponding absolute t-value of the model parameters, a process of the sensitivity analysis was performed on developed RSM models to find which model term is considered more important throughout the modeling process (Box et al. 1987).

Increasing the time of the first access to feed and post hatch fasting reduced the humoral and cellular immunity (P < 0.05). In ovo feeding of HMB and dextrin improved primary humoral immune response (P < 0.05). In Ovo feeding of HMB and dextrin resulted in improving primary humoral immune response (P <0.05), and in Ovo injection of HMB enhanced primary and secondary humoral immune response simultaneously with fasting. By increasing fasting time, in ovo feeding of HMB and dextrin increased the cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response in both times of PHA-P injection (24 and 48 hours) and the second injection of PHA-P (48 hours), respectively. Limited access to the post-hatch feed causes stress and corticosteroid secretion and prevents the proper growth of immune cells. Therefore, increased immunity in chickens depends on the first access to feed, during which the acquired immunity is strengthened and the bird is protected against pathogens through the respiratory tract, which is known to be a source of infection (Yi et al. 2005). The interaction between inoculated nutrients and their concentrations in egg, as well as post hatch starvation affected broiler’s performance and such interactions can affect the optimal levels determined in an experiment (Tako et al.2004; Kornasio et al. 2011). In general, injections of carbohydrates such as fructose or ribose improve the humoral and cellular immune response in broilers, and of course the extent of the effect on the poultry immune system depends on the type of carbohydrate (Bhanja et al. 2014).

The first access of day- old chick to feed is considered as effective factor to prevent declined bird's immune system function. If access to water and feed is delayed during post-hatch (for reasons such as vaccination, sex determination, and transport to farm), in-ovo feeding of HMB and dextrin is effective to improv the humoral and cellular immune response. The Box-Benken design for minimally invasive experiments is a good method to explain the relationship between in-ovo feeding of nutrients and the first access to feed on the immune response of broilers.

Dams are among the most important and largest engineering structures used to supply potable and agricultural water and hydro-power as well as prevent seasonal floods. Human experience has shown that when damage occurs in these megastructures, there are irreversible financial, environmental, and fatal losses. Therefore, the issue of safety and proper performance of dams is of vital importance both in terms of designing new structures or health monitoring of the old structures. This subject is of more particular importance in the case of concrete arch dams, since in the absence of identification of small and minor damages, with the growth and spread of structural damages, a general failure may occur in these infrastructures with considerable human and financial losses. Nevertheless, concrete arch dams have been less broadly considered in the investigation, and most of the researches have included simple structures with a low-degree-of-freedom. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to study the effects of structural damages (including the intensity and location) on the modal properties of these engineering systems. For this purpose, the modal characteristics of the structure, such as the natural frequencies and the shape-modes, are initially computed using finite element model on a concrete arch dam. Considering different scenarios for damage including, nine different locations (on different vertical and horizontal locations) are chosen. The modal characteristics of the system would be then determined before and after the occurrence of damage. In the presented research, the effects of damages at three levels of arch dam body on the modal parameters of the system are investigated. The comparison of the structural modal parameters of the intact and damaged states shows that first, the natural frequencies of the system have lower sensitivity than mode-shapes of the system, and also the damages to the top and middle are more effective than the corner zones on the modal features of the arc-dam body.

Buprenorphine as an alkaloid derivative of morphine is effective in the treatment of opioid dependence. Numerous reports on the beneficial and non-beneficial effects of buprenorphine have been reported in previous studies.

Alterations in the specific genes of protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase (3 (GSK3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and binding protein CAMP (CREB) due to intraperitoneal injection doses of 10 and 6 mg/kg buprenorphine were evaluated during the a14-day period in the lumbar spinal cord of male rats.

Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg buprenorphine during the a14-day period increased the expression genes AKT and CREB genes in the lumbar spinal cord of male rats (P <0.05), while the applied doses of the drug did not significantly alter the expression of GSK3 and BDNF genes in this region.

By investigating the results of this study with the mechanisms proposed by previous researchers, it's probable that administration of high-dose of buprenorphine over a 14-day period, via the PI3 / Akt / CREB / BDNF signaling pathway, increased the expression genes of AKT and CREB in the lumbar spinal cord of rats and prevented from increasing the expression of adverse GSK3 gene. Also, the applied doses of the drug could not change the expression of the BDNF gene.

Seismic vibration of double deck floating roof of Siraf storage tanks located in southern Iran has been studied. Condensate of Nar and Kagan gas field in south of Iran as a very light hydrocarbon, Lavan as light and Soroosh as heavy crude oil content have been chosen. In addition to fluid-structure interaction, intermediate stiffeners, foam seal with nonlinear radial compression behavior and contact friction between the seal and the inner side of the wall are also considered. Under the above conditions, modal and time history analysis has been performed. For time history analysis, Sarpol-e Zahab and Shonbeh earthquakes in Zagros seismotectonic province of Iran and Sakaria as an earthquake near Iran were selected. Dominant natural frequencies, mode shapes of the roof parts and damping ratios of the first and second natural frequencies in addition to overall and spectral behavior of the roof in each liquid cases were obtained and discussed. Changing condensate to Soroosh oil made about 17% hydroelastic natural frequency decrement and about 10% damping ratio decrease for the first natural frequency. The results showed that dominant natural frequencies and the relevant damping ratios decrease with moving from light to heavy liquid. Vibration of the roof fundamentally depends on the frequency content of earthquake in relation to such natural frequencies. Also, floating roof in heavier liquid is more vulnerable to vibration according to the scaling method and steady state amplitude.

In order to produce wheat lines with high tolerance to drought and cold stresses, Sadra variety was generated by a cross between Sardari (male) and promising line Azadi/Azar (female) in Maragheh research station. Results of studies in the cold and moderate cold research stations showed that the grain yield means of Sadra, Azar2 and Sardari cultivars were 2394, 2332 and 2214 kgha-1, respectively, so that grain yield of Sadra was 8% and 3% higher than Sardari and Azar2 check cultivars, respectively. Sadra has a good adaptability to different climatic conditions, so that the new cultivar possess a great potential to be more productive during years with higher precipitation. According to the results, the mean grain yield of Sadra, Azar 2 and Sardari cultivars under optimal rainfall conditions were 3330, 3045 and 2522 kgha-1, respectively. Sadra cultivar has good general adaptability and grain yield stability, winter growth habit, high tolerance to cold and drought stresses, date to heading of 137 days, plant height of 80 cm and 1000 kernel weight of 35 gr. One of the most important characteristics of Sadra is its bread-making quality, so that Sadra with Zeleni number of 33, protein content of 11.3%, hardness of 47, wet gluten content of 30, gluten index of 50 and SDS sedimentation volume of 55 has a great bread-making quality. Based on its high yield potential and other appropriate agronomic characteristics, Sadra cultivar was released for cultivation in the cold and moderate cold dryland conditions of Iran.

In this study, a super-twisting algorithm, using the sliding surface as a fractional-order non-singular terminal sliding mode (NTSM), is presented. In robust control, one of the important problem is the reduction of system error and reduce the chattering. One of the most common applications of sliding mode controllers is about the reduction of chattering. Also, utilizing the fractional calculus in controller design brings more accuracy and reduces system errors. Utilizing a higher-order sliding mode controller using the super-twisting algorithm and the fractional-order non-single terminal sliding mode for the two-link serial robot is the novelty of the presented research. The design of the suggested controller is such that it is independent of the robotic manipulators model and is based on the system errors. Stability analysis of the close-loop system has performed using Lyapunov's method. The simulation results show high accuracy, fast convergence, and high robustness of the proposed fractional-order super-twisting nonsingular terminal sliding mode control.

The aim of this study was to model the factors affecting the outcomes of talent management of secondary school teachers in Ardabil. To achieve this goal, a case study was used in which first qualitative data, and then based on its findings, quantitative data were collected and analyzed. The statistical population of the study was high school teachers in Ardabil and sample teachers in Ardabil. In the qualitative section and using purposive sampling, 18 sample teachers were interviewed and from a population of 2360 people, 331 people were selected in a quantitative stage by multi-stage and appropriate sampling. In the next stage, based on the findings of the qualitative research stage, a talent management questionnaire was prepared with a Cronbach's alpha of 81. Obtained. The qualitative data of the research were analyzed through a coding process based on the systematic design of the foundation data theory. In order to analyze the quantitative data, the structural equation model with PLS smart software was used. Findings showed that competency (competency, competency) through talent management strategies (staff training, talent management implementation planning, decentralization), contextual factors (teacher participation, systematic structure, educational facilities) and school independence have a positive impact. And has a meaning on organizational growth. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that talent management through competency and competency and by applying the necessary strategies and contexts to implement talent management can have a very important impact on the growth and development of teachers in education.

Optimizing the water resources operation, especially in the agricultural sector, which has the largest share in the water resources operation, is extremely important. Therefore, in this research, while introducing Whale, Gray Wolf and Crow Search Optimization Algorithms, their performance in the optimum operation of Golestan single-reservoir system Dam was evaluated with the aim of providing water demand for the downstream lands based on reliability, Reversibility, and vulnerability indices. In this optimization problem, the objective function was defined as the minimization of the total deficiency during the operation period. Meanwhile, the constraints of continuity equation, overflow, storage and reservoir release volume were applied to the objective function of the problem. Then, the results were compared with the absolute optimal value based on the nonlinear programming method obtained from GAMS software; finally, a multi-criteria decision-making model was developed to rank the optimization algorithms in terms of performance. The absolute optimal response obtained by the GAMS software based on the nonlinear programming method was 19.41. The results showed that the Gray Wolf algorithm performed better than the other algorithms in optimizing the objective function, so that the average responses in Gray Wolf, Crow Search and Whale algorithms were 92, 84 and 67% of the absolute optimal response, respectively. Furthermore, the Gray Wolf optimization algorithm performs better than the Whale and Crow Search algorithms in all parameters. In addition, the coefficient of variation of the responses obtained by the Gray Wolf algorithm is 2 and 1.43 times smaller than that in the Whale and Crow Search Algorithms, respectively. Finally, the results of the multi-criteria decision-making model showed that the gray wolf algorithm had the first rank, as compared to the other two algorithms studied in solving the problem of the optimal operation of the Golestan dam reservoir.

Today, various structural and non-structural solutions are used to control and reduce the negative effects of floods in investigation and executive projects. But what is certain is that the optimal solution to minimize flood damage is a combination of structural and non-structural methods (planning and response measures). It is essential to provide these solutions in a metropolis like Tehran because the hydrographic network of Tehran runoff is sometimes incomplete during floods and is accompanied by severe flooding. Therefore, in this study, a combination of the mentioned methods were used for a part of Tehranchr('39')s Mianroud canal (as one of the most important surface water management facilities in the catchment area of west Tehran) called Ariafar Boulevard Bridge. For this purpose, in the first step, severe accident hotspots along the route were investigated and then the capacity of passing on accident-prone routes was evaluated according to hydrological information under different scenarios (discharges with return periods of 5, 10, 25 and 100 -years). The results show the adequacy of channel capacity for a 10-year return period. But for the 25, 50 and 100-year discharge, we will face 8.88%, 28.93% and 50.81% capacity shortages, respectively. In the second step, considering the structural solutions, the methods of eliminating the capacity shortage of bottlenecks, including correcting the route, installing auxiliary routes, or destroying bridges that prevented the transfer of runoff in the canal route were carefully examined. The results showed that the combined use of structural and non-structural methods increases the effectiveness and significantly reduces the risk of flood spreading in the city.

Familiarity with storm water management and how to assess damage and deal with it to minimize and control it is very important in urban management systems. There are several methods for flood control that are considered depending on the hydraulic conditions. The use of main canals for surface water collection, flow diversion, catchment management, etc. are among the methods considered by urban designers. Meanwhile, the use of various softwares such as SSA, HEC-RAS and the use of engineering tools such as GIS in its environment has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, the hydraulic studies of Mianroud canal in the area of District 5 of Tehran Municipality, which is one of the important surface drainage arteries of Tehran, have been considered with the help of mathematical model for flood risk zoning. Vulnerable areas have been identified and finally management strategies to control and reduce flood risks have been discussed according to the river regime and the conditions of the region. The results of the Mianroud canal crossing capacity at the intersection with the existing bridges show that the canal built at the site of the sixth bridge is unquestionably incapable of passing floods with a return period of ten years. The canal will be able to pass the 25-year-old flood only at the location of the second and seventh bridges and will overflow at the location of the other bridges. In the 50 and 100 year return periods, the canal will almost lose its function and will flood the surrounding areas with 100% fullness.

In this study, the energy absorption capacity of kevlar/elastomer composites under highspeed impact loading has been investigated experimentally and numerically. The compliance of the mechanical behavior of elastomeric composites with the theory of hyperelasticity complicates the analytical study. Therefore, numerical simulation due to the different and complex mechanisms of failure has gained large share in the design of composite structures. In the present study, the most advanced method of finite element modeling of composites i.e., Abaqus / Explicit has been used to determine their behavior during impact. For this purpose, planer shell elements were used to model the composite layers, and formable material model and the vumat were used to determine the behavior of the elastomeric composite failure model based on a damage criterion such as von mises failure criterion. Due to the lack aforementioned criteria in the commercial versions of the software and the importance of considering damages in numerical simulation for these composites, the criterion was written in Fortran software environment, and the analysis of the penetration phenomenon was added to the software capability in composite structure. In order to validate this model, an experimental test was performed on the kevlar/elastomer composite by a Gas gun device. Also, the study of deformation, output projectile velocity, and absorpted energy have been reported. The simulation results show a very good agreement with the experimental results.

Many studies have been performed on fiber reinforced segmental lining for years, which is to improve some of the weak material properties of Segmental lining. Fiber-added reinforced concrete (FRC) applications have become widespread in areas such as, tunnel shells, concrete sewer pipes, and slabs of large industrial buildings. Usage of FRC in load-carrying members of buildings having conventional reinforced concrete (RC) frames is also gaining popularity recently because of its positive contribution to both energy absorption capacity and concrete strength. The paper is focused on the mechanical properties of the designed structural steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), which are important for the capacity of the tunnel lining segments and their damage during manipulation. Generally the segments are more loaded during tunnel lining installation (long term load is lower). The realized investigation was focused on SFRC with various types of fibers, such as steel fiber and synthetic fiber. The use of fiber reinforced concrete for the Golab tunnel segments was examined, but for the highly loaded big rings with high bending moments and normal forces, a high amount of bar reinforcement is necessary