hasan hasanzadeh

Despite the importance of female police officers in establishing community security, few efforts have been made to identify their work-related challenges. This research focuses on the organizational and social challenges faced by female police officers in the police command of West Azerbaijan Province, aiming to recognize and address these challenges. The study is practical in purpose and employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. The study population comprises lieutenants, regional commanders, managers, and female employees in the year 1401 (according to the Iranian calendar). Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria, with a final sample size of 45 individuals, determined by the point of theoretical saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and open-ended questions, and main themes were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method. Qualitative findings revealed five themes in the area of social challenges and eight themes in the area of organizational challenges. The results indicate that the majority of respondents strongly affirm the significance of these identified themes. Suggested solutions include gradually changing societal views on female police officers, leveraging mass communication tools, presenting successful role models, using films and series, reviewing and adapting relevant laws and regulations, consulting religious authorities (mujtahids), and applying scientific methods to reduce organizational and social challenges. Ensuring respect for women's individuality and security in the work environment is seen as critical for overcoming the obstacles associated with employing female police officers in law enforcement roles.

Education (tarbiyah), at its core, is about creating an environment that nurtures the unfolding of human God-given talents to draw closer to Allah. One highly impactful approach within this realm is the "model-based educational method," which holds a significant place in the hadithic-educational thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei. This method involves offering practical and tangible examples for learners to emulate, with the educator demonstrating the desired behaviors and actions through their conduct and speech, allowing the learner to follow the model. Ayatollah Khamenei’s Quranic approach to education highlights three forms of modeling: positive modeling, creating models, and eliminating negative models, all of which are applied in both direct and indirect ways. He categorizes positive models into two types: infallible and non-infallible. Infallible models include the Prophet Mohammad and the Ahl al-Bayt, while non-infallible models feature figures like Imam Khomeini, Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, and Martyr Soleimani. Additionally, Ayatollah Khamenei points out negative models, such as global arrogance, the U.S., and the Pahlavi regime. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on both library and electronic sources, concludes that in Ayatollah Khamenei’s view, positive educational models are characterized by traits like faith, awareness, insight, consistency between words and actions, clarity in confronting the enemy, simplicity, and contentment. On the other hand, negative models are defined by qualities such as hypocrisy, disbelief, arrogance, deceit, innovation in religion, and betrayal.

As we know, one of the important discussions in the field of substantive and formal law is to examine the dimensions of these rights in the conventions and the law in question. Its social justice is so important that it is at the forefront of basic human rights in all countries. In the Iranian legal system, which is derived from the sacred jurisprudential system, the study of formal and substantive rights has received more and more attention by the legislator, although the constitution has many strong principles in this area. The source of social justice and freedom in Iranian law is mostly human rights documents and in almost all human rights documents, primary and secondary rights have been examined. An important challenge that we have encountered in this study is that although the theory of social justice has been studied theoretically in the relevant laws, but in some cases it is in conflict with the Iranian constitution, which we will address in this dissertation.

One of the issues in law is the issue of social justice. One of the important components of social justice is freedom. Freedom is one of the concepts that in order to understand it, in the beginning, one must understand the opposite concept in order to understand the scope of this concept. When we say freedom, if we do not understand any of the concepts that are placed in front of it, we cannot get the truth and scope of this concept. First we have to consider being bound to a bond, then we have to define the boundaries of that bond, then we imagine the liberation from that bond and put the name of freedom on it, being bound to live in a place, as opposed to freedom and liberation from this bondage is the relative freedom it faces. Being limited in speech or in action or in thought is against freedom, and being free from limitations is freedom. This article examines the components of social justice in the field of freedom.

Today, personality traits are considered as one of the most influential components on job performance. The aim of this study was to compare alexithymia and loneliness with high and low job performance of military personnel. This descriptive study was a comparative causal study. The study population consisted of 200 employees of a military unit in the winter of 2021 who were selected and surveyed by available sampling method. To measure the variables of this study, the Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire TAS (1984) and the feeling of loneliness were used by Di Tomaso et al. (2004). The required data were extracted and analyzed by SPSS software. Manova statistical method (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data related to research hypotheses. The results showed that there was a significant difference between alexithymia and loneliness in high and low performance staff. Findings of this study can be considered in improving the job performance of employees with awareness of mental health status and other psychological factors in the priorities of managers and planners of the organization. (P<0/001).

Joining cities to the collection of sustainable cities is one of the most basic activities that is at the top of the goals of the world's major municipalities. One of the tools for achieving sustainable urban development is the safety management system and urban crisis. The safety management system is an integral part of the management of organizations, especially municipalities, and is involved in all planning, policy-making and decision-making. This coherent system, while protecting the environment, prevents the negative effects of urban service activities on citizens and the urban environment. Some of the benefits of implementing urban safety and crisis management system in municipalities include: identification, control and reduction of air pollutants in urban areas, identification, control and reduction of noise pollution and control and reduction of pollution and soil erosion, reduction Wastewater production and treatment, reduction and management of comprehensive waste in the covered areas, protection of citizens and the workforce working in the municipality, prevention and reduction of accidents caused by the activities of the municipality and contractors covered and creating a suitable environment for sustainable development.

Nowadays,most people spend their time in the interior spaces.Therefore,particulate pollutants in these spaces are serious threat to the health of human.Hence,the investigation on distribution and deposition of particle pollutants in indoor spaces is important for assessing indoor air quality.Due to the wide use of fan coils in interior spaces for cooling and heating,in this article the effect of fancoil airflow velocity on the concentration of micron particles of1,10and100microns in the breathing zone of seating(0.9 to 1/1meter) and standing(1.5to1.7meters)people has been studied.For this purpose,by using the computational fluid dynamics and the solver package developed by the authors in OpenFoam,the particle concentration is investigated in a room with a fancoil airflow velocity at1.5and3 m/s.The results show that large particles(100 microns)have a small effect on air quality and settle down after10seconds,in the other hand the smaller particles(10and1micron)have a major impact on ventilation conditions and they settle down after more time(about800seconds).The results indicate that the fan coil velocity increases,also the results show that more particles are filtered by the filter in the fancoil by increasing fancoil velocity and the percentage of particles deposited on the floor reduced.For example,for10microns particles,by increasing fan coil velocity from1.5to3m/s,the percentage of particles deposited on the floor is reduced from26%to17%.

Providing thermal comfort conditions for vehicle occupants, especially public transport is a complicated issue due to the density of population and non-uniformity in individual and environmental conditions. So, an important evidence of individual non-uniformity is the variety in passengers' wearing; e.g. in many cases, some passengers have a higher level of clothing and some have less. In this study, we tried to evaluate the impact of non-uniformity in bus passengers' wearing on the local and overall thermal sensation under mixing and displacement ventilation systems. Based on the results, displacement ventilation system has shown a better performance in providing uniform conditions. In the mixing ventilation, the maximum thermal sensation vote is about 1.1, however it is about 0.4 under the displacement ventilation system. As well, the results show that using short sleeves instead of long ones can decrease about 2.5°C in the hands skin temperature and also about 0.1 and 0.4 in overall thermal sensation index, respectively under displacement and mixing ventilation systems. This also shows that the sensitivity level of short sleeves subjects is higher in the mixing ventilation system than in the displacement ventilation system.

One of the rules of jurisprudence that is cited throughout jurisprudence and can be used in many economic and social issues, including the environment, is the rule of prohibition of detriment. This rule in the Islamic law; the basic principle is to protect the others from harm to others and to compensate for them, is a strong basis for the enactment of the law. the inclusion of this rule on negative affairs will, in addition to deterring this principle, in environmental degradation, has a constructive role in management of environmental crises. Of course, in order to achieve development, man has not properly fulfilled his responsibility for protecting nature and ignores the right of future generations with unceasing exploitation, has caused damage to nature and extensive changes in the ecosystem and caused the environmental crisis. Therefore, it is possible to manage this crisis by the rule of prohibition of detriment and accepting its positive role, to compensate for the damage caused by the invasion of environmental capital. Because damaging to the most important natural of human capital should not be ignored as private and material spiritual capital. Therefore, due to existing vacuum, non-deterrence of laws in the face of environmental degradation. This paper describes the Role of the rule of prohibition of detriment in the management of the environmental crisis and the necessity of its acceptance in proving the relevant laws and regulations in Islamic law in a descriptive and analytical way.

Comprehensive evaluation of individual thermal sensation could help engineers to optimum design heating and cooling systems, in order to reduce energy consumption. Differences in the persons’ individual parameters such as age, gender, weight, height and basal metabolic rate have a significant effect on the human body thermoregulation and thermal sensation. Since the individual parameters have not been considered in standard thermal comfort models, they don’t lead to accurate results for specific individuals. In this study, the impact of individual characteristics, including weight, height and gender, on thermal sensation have been evaluated separately and discussed to improve the prediction of thermal comfort for different persons. Individual three-node model has been accurately estimated thermal sensation of the bare and clothed parts of the body by considering individual physiological differences in human thermoregulation. The model has been verified against the analytical and experimental results where a good agreement was found. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the differences in BMI’s persons could result in a variance of 1.5 unit in calculation of thermal sensation. Thermal sensation results show that females, compared with males, are more sensitive at 15℃ (as operative temperature) and the difference, depending on BMI’s subjects, is within the range of 0.27-0.9 units.

The verse «Looking toward their Lord» has been known of those interpreted differently by Mutazilite, Asharite and Imamiyah commentators. In this verse, the meaning of the words: ‘toward’ and ‘looking’ are focused on semantically by these commentators. Referring to one of the semantic interpretations of the word ‘looking’, some commentators including Asharites have maintained that this implies God’s state of being visible (by Man). Imamiyah commentators, however, not only have interpreted the verse correctly, but also have given the false to Asharites’s interpretation of this word. In spite of that, Imamiyah commentators have failed to reach a consensus in their own circle. This study has postulated that the verse conveys “They are anticipating the blessing from the side of God”. So, the verse is falsely interpreted as the anticipation of man to visit God. In addition, a group of commentators have known the word ‘toward’ as a preposition, a bulk of research, however, has proved that the word is a noun and means “blessing”.

Structures with planar geometries and analyzing their vibration behavior have attracted special and deep consideration these days. In this research for investigating the orthotropic plate's vibration behavior, finite difference method with error orders of and are implemented. At first, the classical and analytical solutions are surveyed and then relevant equations, needed for numerical analysis, are extracted for those mentioned error orders. Finally the obtained natural frequencies for both modes are compared non-dimensionally. Also simulation with ANSYS software is performed for validation of the results and confirmation of the proposed method's accuracy

Now a days, structures with planar geometry such as Sheet metals, have attracted special consideration among advanced techno logia, and hence investing vibration behavior of sheet metal is of prim important. In particular regarding dynamical investigations, if the natural frequencies get ignored, the resonance phenomena can exert noun computing damages to the structure and systems. In this research for investigating the plate's vibration behavior, finite difference method with error orders of and is implemented. At first, the classical and analytical solutions are reviewed and then relevant equations, needed for numerical analysis, are extracted for those mentioned error orders. Finally the obtained natural frequencies for both modes are compared non-dimensionally. In this research, finite difference method using error order, is being applied for the first time, however the results of various references and simulation with ANSYS software are used to verify the outcome and accuracy of the proposed method

Wide range of planar structures in new technologies has attracted special consideration. In this research vibration behavior of plates with non-linear edges is investigated by means of finite difference (FD) method. For this issue, classical and analytical solutions for plates with linear edges were analyzed and mutual equations, needed for numerical calculation were extracted. By expanding the current equations to the non-linear edged plates (e.g. elliptical plates), natural frequencies of this special structure were analyzed numerically and computer simulation with ANSYS software. According to the un-existence of classical or analytical solution for this special configuration, closeness of numerical analysis and computer simulation confirms the accuracy of selected method in this study