hasan kharaghani

Historical reports indicate that the concept of "faith and belief in God" has faced many challenges throughout history by atheists and atheists. Even today, with the development of means of communication, especially cyberspace and social networks, the attack on faith and belief in God by opponents and deniers of God is carried out with different tools and methods before. Atheists are one of the groups that draw thousands of people by designing and spreading suspicions in cyberspace and trying to weaken the foundations of theism. One of the areas that has been invaded by atheists in cyberspace; It is a matter of God's creation. The atheist believes that the world is "self-created" and "self-creating" and in this age, empirical knowledge can explain the cause of the world and we no longer need to resort to God's creation in terms of how the world came into being and the origin of existence; The present article, which is organized by the library method and descriptive-analytical method, tries to express the principle of God's creation and the methods of proving it in the Holy Qur'an, such as the method of reasoning, reasoning, questioning and comparing the doubts of atheists in Cyberspace respond

Mercy and kindness is one of the attributes of the Almighty God, which negation of the pure Yazdan is like giving in to the imperfection, deficiency and non-existence in the realm of his existence. On the other hand, our belief based on the verses of revelation is that the essence of creation is based on God's compassion and kindness, and many verses of the Holy Qur'an remind us of many manifestations of His kindness. Among other things, honoring and respecting servants, favoring servants, covering faults, the method of preaching, giving good news and giving hope, warning, accepting repentance and delaying the punishment of servants prove this truth. This is despite the fact that many atheists, in their works and writings, especially in the virtual space, by inserting certain doubts, are against the truth of God's kindness and mercy, and by publishing their ideas on social networks, they try to present an image Fierce and terrible from God, they have believers. The present article, which is organized in a library method and a descriptive and analytical method; He tries to answer the doubts of atheists in cyberspace on this issue by explaining God's kindness and its manifestations in the Holy Quran.

Al-Jawāhir fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān by Ṭanṭāwī and Tafsir-e Novīn by Moḥammad Taqī Sharīʿatī are two examples of contemporary scientific exegeses. The present article, using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources, identifies the merits and demerits of each of these interpretations by comparing and contrasting the scientific findings within them. It demonstrates how the objectives and living conditions of the interpreters have influenced the formation of their exegeses. By examining examples of scientific verse interpretations from both scholars and critiquing each interpretation, it concludes that Tantawi's goal is primarily to convey new sciences to Muslims, leading to the emergence of an extreme scientific interpretation that has distanced itself from the Qurʾān's educational and guiding objectives, resulting in foundational, methodological, and content-related issues. Sharīʿatī, by pursuing an educational objective, has facilitated the formation of a moderate interpretation, which suffers from fewer drawbacks and is more content-oriented. While articulating the scientific aspect of the verses, he reminds us of their guiding dimension, which has a monotheistic origin and destination, and portrays a general view of the Qurʾān's scientific miracle.

Metaphor theory is proposed in cognitive science. From the viewpoint of contemporary cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor is basically "understanding and experiencing" something in terms and phrases of something else. In conceptual metaphor, by establishing mappings between the two areas of origin and destination, an abstract or lesser-known thing is always understood based on a concrete or better-known thing. One of God’s methods of conveying meaning in the Holy Qur’an is using similes, similes, and metaphors. With the help of conceptual metaphor theory, we obtain a new analysis of the metaphorical language of the Quran and its connection with the Islamic worldview, according to which the conceptual metaphors of the Quran are an inevitable part of Islamic thought. These metaphors, like the traditional view, should not be considered mere literary crafts, but intellectual crafts that transform a person’s thought to give him a frame of mind in which he should look at the whole being, nature, man, and revelation. Charity is one of the Qur'anic topics expressed in the form of sensible to tangible metaphors. According to the place of charity in the Qur'an, the current research, using an analytical descriptive method, seeks to answer the following question: What are the conceptual metaphors of giving in the Holy Quran?
a. In the conceptual metaphor of verse 261 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the destination field; The truth of the act of spending in the way of God and hypocrisy in the cause of God over the origin field; A seed that is planted and gives 7 clusters, and each cluster contains 100 seeds or more, was written, and based on that, from the perspective of the Qur'an, giving in the way of God, trading with God and investing is safe, profitable, and wise, and it leads to the spiritual growth of man.

In the conceptual metaphor of verse 264 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the destination field; The truth of the act of charity with blessing and torture is like hypocritical charity without faith in God and the Day of Judgment and hypocritical hypocrisy over the origin field; Planting seeds in the soil sitting on a smooth stone that has been washed away due to heavy rain, soil and seeds and nothing but hard stone remains, was written, and based on that, from the perspective of the Qur'an, hypocritical giving: An unreasonable act with a reverse effect is associated with loss and damage, and investing in an economic bubble is an obstacle to the spiritual growth of man.
In the conceptual metaphor of verse 265 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the destination field; The truth of the actions of those who spend only for the pleasure of God and to reach a position of stability, and stability means sincere hypocrites, over the origin field; The high and fruitful garden that produces crops in any condition, was written and it was determined that from the perspective of the Holy Quran, sincere giving; It lays the groundwork for the individual and the community to benefit from the fruits of charity and causes spiritual growth and stabilization of self, peace, and mental security.
In the conceptual metaphor of verse 266 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the destination field; Destruction and suppression of the fruits of charity with curses, torture, and hypocrisy over the origin field; A garden full of crops with palm and grape trees and flowing streams, and an old and infirm owner with young and weak children, which a strong pressure like burning winds, will tear it apart and set it on fire, was written and it was achieved that almsgiving with begging, torture, and hypocrisy causes a lot of regret and deprives the heart of a hypocrite from spiritual growth in the light of almsgiving.

Storytelling is a successful method that the Holy Qur'an and the Prophets, peace be upon them, have used many times in their preaching work. In this article, as a model, the Qur'anic story of "The Cow of the Children of Israel", which is briefly mentioned in Surah Al-Baqarah and in detail in narrative and commentary books, has been selected and analyzed the dramatic elements in the said story. Finally, it is concluded that first of all, the Holy Qur'an has mentioned only a part of this story by melodious expression, so as not to deviate from the principle of guidance which is the ultimate goal of this divine source towards storytelling. Secondly, this story is mentioned only in Islamic sources and there is no mention of it in the current Torah and Bible. Thirdly, this story consists of at least seventeen elements of dramatic elements (plot, character, primary balance, inciting incident, plan, obstacle, conflict, suspense, tying knot, surprise, crisis, climax, dialogue, place, time, secondary balance and subplot ) has And it can be a suitable source for creating an artistic work. Fourthly, the most dramatic element that can be seen in the Holy Quran is dialogue and part of the conflict of the story.

The application of "حرث" to women in verse 223 of Surah Al-Baqarah brings up the issue of objectification of women and instrumentalization of them for the interests of men; Because based on the appearance of " نسائکم حرث لکم…", it is addressed to men that women are your fields. The idea that a woman is a parasite of a man from the view of Islam is incompatible with many evidences in Islam that emphasize the high dignity of women and consider their piety as the only criterion of human superiority between men and women. the question is to examine the point of view of lexicographers and commentators, This research considers the creation of the mentioned doubt to be due to the lack of sufficient knowledge of rhetorical points, the eloquent simile in Qur'an, which can be defended not only by using ancient literary perspectives, but also from the perspective of modern semantics. it is approved and admired in a favorable way. Because from this simile, prominent concepts such as the position and vital role of women in the survival and growth of the human race and the necessity of a man's special attention to her are learned scholarly.

Muḥammad bin Sa'ib Kalbī (d. 146 AH/ 763 CE) is one of the Shia commentators and controversial figures of the second century of Hijri, who compiled the most extensive commentary up to his time and many of his commentary traditions have been remembered in the hearts of commentators. This research deals with the methodology and typology of his interpretation with a descriptive and analytical method and deals with his views on Quranic sciences. The results indicate that his method of interpretation was general and comprehensive according to his time, and in understanding the meaning of the verses, he used the Holy Qur'an, the words of the Prophet (PBUH), the sayings of the Companions, the means of revelation, and even the words of the People of the Book. Kalbi interpretation includes various types such as giving examples for the verses, the dignity of the revelation, applying the verse or verses from the Qur'an to a person or people or events after the time of revelation, general interpretation of the verses, explaining the ambiguities, and jurisprudential interpretation and explaining the stories of the Qur'an. to be He has also made comments on topics related to Qur'anic sciences, such as cut-off letters, order of descent, Meccan and Medinan, abrogated and canceled, and recitations. In general, he is a key figure in the transmission of Quranic ideas to the periods after him.

Civilization is the emergence of a process of purposeful and systematic progress in one or more societies based on a clear way of thinking that takes a meaningful and disciplined form and brings the society to the desired destination. Therefore, civilization has a fundamental and deep relationship with religion, and the sending of divine prophets and their guidance shows this relationship. Examining the goals of the Prophets in the Holy Quran and their practical life shows the foundation of monotheistic civilization in order to generalize religious knowledge and human progress in material and spiritual spheres. This research is based on the assumption that in the story of Adam, peace be upon him, as the father of mankind, the capacities and frameworks of the first civilization are hidden, and paying attention to it will lead today’s confused man to the reconstruction of religious civilization. These capacities can be considered in two parts: internal and external capacities for the benefit of divine leaders and the religious community. The present article has extracted the civilization-building capacities in the Qur’anic biography and story of Adam, peace be upon him, with the analytical-descriptive method and using library resources, in order to present it as a model for today’s efforts in this field. The results show that the inner capacities of Prophet Adam, peace be upon him, include the benefit of divine knowledge and divine caliphate, knowledge of enemies, the ability to endure hardships, and repentance. This part is in connection with the external level of the story of Prophet Adam, peace be upon him, which includes the regulation of clothing, management of structures and religious rituals with the title of “son of Adam.

The holy Quran has drawn the spiritual and abstract concepts with the use of the symbol in a form of the material structures and creates dynamic and effective images in the addresses’ mind and it influences on human minds. One of the differences of the Quranic stories with other human stories is compatibility and meta-time modeling. The story of hazrat Musa (Moses) (p.b.u.h) as the most extensive Quranic tale contains the highest use of symbols. The function of the symbol is one the factors of the creating dynamic and compatibility and meta-time modeling of this story as the inward feelings and thought of the addresser has drawn attention to it during the history and it has attracted and allured him. Meanwhile studying whatness of the symbol this research answers this question how the function of the symbol in the story of hazrat Musa (Moses) (p.b.u.h) has made this story to be meta-time and it studies the stick being the symbol of displaying power, the Samiri calf being the symbol of deviance, Israelites’ complaints (grips) being the symbol of complaining and stubbornness, Asiya being the symbol of self-control and it defines the pharaoh of the exodus, Haman and Korah as three invalid (falsehood/ void) symbols of the political, religious (belief) and economic fronts.

The Qur'an is so advanced in rhetoric, eloquence, firmness of speech, expressiveness of expression, many innovations in the field of teachings and rules and other features that it is far from the reach of humanity And this miracle is eternal and eternal. One of the gaps in the research of miracles of the Holy Quran is the Surahology of Miracles. Considering that the border of the miracle of the Qur'an is a surah, it is necessary to identify the miraculous aspects of all the surahs of the Qur'an. In this article, as a case study, Surah Takwir has been selected and its expressive miracle has been studied. The question is, in terms of expression, what dimensions and subtleties does Surah Takwir contain that made it a miracle? Literary and linguistic studies in Surah Takwir show that this Surah is in four important axes of expressing miracles And it has many subtleties and subtleties that have taken it beyond the level of human speech: Coherence, word choice, music and illustration. This form of expression, along with the meanings of its miracles in the scientific and unseen dimension, plays a divine piece that human beings cannot oppose.

The infallibility of the divine prophets is one of the most important and major theological issues that the theologians of the two sects have proposed different theories regarding its nature, origin, principles, arguments and scope. Among these, the issue of the scope of the infallibility of the prophets from the perspective of the Holy Quran has been a fundamental and long-standing discussion that has been expressed through a number of theological schools, different opinions and views. In the meantime, Imami theologians have considered the realm of infallibility as maximum and other schools have mentioned different levels for it. Abu Mansour maturidi is one of the few Sunni theologians who is in agreement with the Imami Shiites and extends the scope of infallibility from considering, preserving, and communicating revelation; He considers the avoidance of sins and the attainment of obedience to be beyond, and considers it to be valid in the realm of forgetfulness and error. Although the supporters of the Maturidian school did not mention his view and chose another opinion, this view can be seen from his interpretive inferences. Using a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, Abu Mansour Maturidi's views on the important contradictory verses of the infallibility of the prophets in the Holy Quran have been thoroughly investigated and Maturidi's justification for resolving this contradiction has been collected. The maximum realm proves the infallibility of the divine prophets from the point of view of Maturidi.

Layered stylistic is one of the structural and cognitive linguistic approaches that studies the various phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhythmic and ideological layers to explain the hidden layers.The Holy Qur'an, as the only miracle text, has placed the phonetic layer and the letters' tune in its verses wondrously, which leads to the creation of beautiful and melodious verses for its audience.This delightful musical elegance has been revealed with a special luster in Jihad verses. In these verses, the arrangement and composition of the words which have rooted from Jihad along with the musical characteristics of the whisper and apparent letters have created special and fascinating phonetic effects in verses. The frequency of the phonemes used in these verses with the character of Jahr and Hams shows how the Holy Qur'an in a peaceful sphere with fluent melodies invites the Muslims to this (Jihad) divine duty.The present study with an analytical- descriptive method, based on the layered stylistics, studies the phono-semantic aspect of Jihad verses. The most important results show that phonetic and semantic congruence of letters and conceptual coordination of selected words have created beautiful images alongside hopeful tune, which remind the results of Jihad for the sake of God for any Muslim.

The book "Readings" is one of the earliest books in quoting distorted narrations and is one of the most important sources cited by Muhaddith Nouri in proving the distortion of the Holy Quran. Considering that most of the volume of the book "Readings" is dedicated to distorted narrations, examining the correctness or incorrectness of these hadiths requires special necessity. By adopting a descriptive-analytical method, this research intends to study and critique the document and content of the narrations of the mentioned book under the verses of Surah Yasin. The findings show that out of the fourteen planetary narrations following the verses of Surah Yasin, seven are distorted. The narrations of reciting the words "Sanktab" instead of "and Naktub" under the twelfth verse, and reciting "Lamstaqr" instead of the word "Lamstaqr" under verse 38 of Surah Yasin, are weak in terms of document and in terms of content of this recitation. The reason for the inadequacy in the expression of meaning - can not be considered the original reading. In four narrations with the same document, interpretive additions have been quoted which are weak due to the presence of "Ibn Hamza Bataini" in the chain of the document; From the point of view of semantics, considering the inconsistency with the context and appropriateness of the verses, these interpretive additions cannot be considered as part of the Quranic text.The conversion of the phrase "Mamma La Ya'lamun" to "Mamma Ya'qlun" in verse 36 of Surah Yasin destroys the relevance of the verse

In addition to teaching divine guides in religious teachings to human beings, the Holy Qur’an also reveals the truths and secrets of the Universe. This forms the “scientific miracle of the Qur’an” and is a sign of its revelation. Surah Al-Takwīr is one of the first revealed surahs in which a sphere towards the enlightenment at the Ignorance Age along with explaining the Resurrection and Reckoning Day are referred. It speaks of cosmic affairs and depicts the events of the end of the Universe too. These verses are illustrative and glorious examples of the mystery of the Qur’an, while the adaptability of these verses to the modern phenomena has been led to misinterpretations. Applying the descriptive-analytical method based on the views of Qur’anic scholars, lexicographers and the context of the surah, this paper expresses the correct interpretations of the scientific verses of this surah and then criticizes misinterpretations. It proves that such interpretations are not compatible with the dignity and the context of the Holy Qur’an and the statements in the verses.

Responding to suspicions is based on cognitive foundations, which take the form of debate, debate, methodical two-way dialogue, and letter writing. Knowing the speech-behavioral methods of answering doubts in the Razavi tradition will be very effective in providing a suitable model of suspicion etiquette. Imam Reza (AS) using the principles and rules of Islamic ethics, accurate knowledge of the audience and the origins of creating doubt when faced with doubts, expressed answers that accuracy in them will be very useful to find his way in debate and answering. Was. Examples of these methods are: paying attention to the requirements of eloquence, strength of argument and reasoning, enthusiasm in the audience to seek rights, reassurance and persuasion of the audience, respect for thought and freedom of speech, defending the legitimacy of monotheistic religions against the front of infidelity , Effective warnings and avoidance of pests Accountability and debate. The present article seeks to find the etiquette of answering doubts in the Razavi tradition through descriptive-analytical research and using library resources.

The science of the exegesis is owed to the exegetes’ attempts which have interpreted and determined the Book of Almighty. Some of these exegeses have been vanished but the opinions of their authors in some of the verses have been remained. Of these groups is Abu l-Qāsim al-Ka'bi al-Balkhı who was a muʿtazilah theologian and exegete. This paper with analytic-descriptive method studies some of his opinions in the exegesis and it clears that he interpreted the Quran verses with the Quranic-rational method and he attached much important to know the intent of God for the linguistic sense (siaq) and interpretative nuances. Therefore, the aim of the words which was tested Ibrahim prophet (peace be upon him) is imāmah (Arabic: إمامه‎) which God completed and fulfilled. Also in sūrah al-Qiyamah (Arabic: القیامه‎), he put aside the well-known opinion and he thought that the meaning of the Quran is the recitation of his record. The intellectual and theological arguments in his resulting precepts have a special position and according to it he believes that Adam is Qibla and not being prostrated by the angels and Adam’s heaven being earthy and he does not believe in the World of Pre-Existence (Alam-e-Zar) and the intellects of human beings is the declaration of faith inthe Deity (God). And also the government and the vicegerency which are the covenant of Allah is not legitimate for the aggressors and disbelievers. Qiraʼat and fiqh al-Quran are of his exegetic chapter titles.

What is left of the Ahl al-Bayt of revelation with their expression is considered to be the most eloquent, the most eloquent and the most beautiful word after the Qur'an. Among these, prayer has a high status and the highest knowledge is embodied in the form of the most beautiful phrases with a well-groomed and stable order. The Joshan prayer is a glorious example of religious literature that teaches us how to communicate with God and recite him, and depicts the height of religious knowledge in the peak of beauty. In this article, we seek to answer the question of what is the literary and aesthetic level of the prayer of Joshan Kabir Dari and how original it is And with a descriptive-analytical method, we have studied the novel beauties in Jooshan's prayer, in the axes of repetition, punctuation, prostration, balance, observance of peer, contradiction and order And it was concluded that the prayer of Joshan Kabir is literary and beautifully extrinsic in terms of literature, and the divine attributes organized in it are phonetically and semantically completely integrated with each other. This sublime literature confirms the authenticity of this prayer and its issuance from the source of revelation and is closely related to the Qur'an.

The main characteristic of the text is consistency. Among the connections which link the elements of a text is lexical consistency, including "reiteration" and "collocation", which is based on the semantic relationship between words. “Congruence” or murā'āt al-naẓīr is an instance of collocation, in which a collection of words exists that all are within a set and one semantic field. There is also collocation in opposition (taḍād), for it forms the association of meanings. This paper, based on the literary analytical method, aims at presenting the semantic harmonies of the words of Surah al-An'ām. The significant point of the verses of al-An'ām is fighting idolatry and calling for Monotheism. The issue of creation is broadly described by this Surah and the images of nature are reflected in it. Various lexical collections are also found about man and his organs, physical functions and activities, and man’s social life. Attributes and actions of God allocate a considerable share as well. It is proved through examining this surah that examples of congruence are much and are intertwined with oppositions. They produce images in harmony with the aims and pivot of the surah and prove its thematic correlation.

This article tries to examine the wisdom concept of the meaning of signification, position, pillar of the conditions and the realization, validity and validity of it, and the method of citation, description and analysis has been used. Investigations on the implication of the sign indicate that this kind of implication is not a kind of word but more that it is, it is of an inappriate nature and subjective argument, in terms of custom, purpose, but this interpretation is used with respect to God and the divine words, because God is the absolute being of all things. This sign has a degree defined by the definitions of jelly and hafi. this signification is obtained with rational precision and implies clear but in the sense of the same, the place of referencing refers to the punishment after the implication of necessity and argumentation. The signification of the signification of the verb of the appearances of the words is anatter of doubt, because neither in terms of application nor in the context of the dispute is the main purpose of the speaker and in other words, it is intended, but this signification can be considered as an implicit affair, and it is considered as the basis of rational interests. Referring to referring to the miracle of the Holy Qur'an, the Qur'anic jurisprudence is effective, and it can be used to derive religious laws, political rulings, beliefs and the like from the Qur'an.

“Motivation" is one of the important topics in psychology which is used in educational sciences, psychology, management, and so on. Motivation is a factor that creates, strengthens or directs human behavior. The principles of motivation are rules that interpret motivations. From the Qur’an point of view, these principles are different from modern psychology because of the differences in foundations and consequently have different effects and consequences. In this article, the effect of ontological foundations and its consequences on the topic of "principles of motivation" from the viewpoint of the Qur'an and the West has been investigated using an analytical-comparative method, and while criticizing the Western point of view, the explanation of the motivational principles of the Qur’an is discussed. The study shows that, based on Western foundations, the three principles of "Epicureanism, Homeostasis and self-actualization" form the basis of the western motivational system. According to the Qur'anic principles, the four principles of "Desire for eternity, hedonism, gratitude, and perfection" provide motives. Also, the effects and consequences of the western motivational model are different from the Qur'anic one, which some differences was described here.

The noble Quran is the profoundest document which it has been left from the prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh) (the messengership). Therefore both the explicitness of intellect and narration of the prophet refer to the holy Quran as the most important criteria and source to criticize the other religious language. This note tries to examine the Quranic evidences of the gratitude chapter of Usul al-Kafi in order to reveal the amount of the compatibility of these traditions with the Quranic proofs. Meanwhile this research shows that the all 30 traditions have harmony with the Quranic evidences and through the objective and concrete samples, it presents the agreement of the tradition with the holy Quran it also clarifies a new method for examining the Islamic traditions with the noble Quran which it sets out the Quran verses and establishes relation between them, it finds the agreement of the Islamic tradition with the noble Quran. This harmony sometimes advances toward the details of the Islamic traditions.

Before the examination of the channel and indication of the tradition (hadith), it should be studied the authenticity and reliability of the tradition transmission from the infallible. Undoubtedly, the best way to achieve this confidence is the reconciliation of the tradition with the noble Quran. In this method, the confirmation of the tradition by the Quranic verses is the reason that the tradition has been transmitted from the infallible and irreconcilable with the Book of God is the reason of the fault in transmitting system or reporting of the tradition. The scholars have studied this method from different aspects but because of few concrete instances of these traditions which reconciled with the Quran, they have stated different opinions in this criterion. The present paper with reconciliation of the tradition of arrogance chapter of the holy Kafi book with the Quran presents the understandable samples of these traditions. There are 17 traditions in this chapter which only one of them is not concurrence (or harmony) with the Quranic evidences.

An exact view to the Quranic juridical works, methods, solutions and instruments of inference show us the way of life and increase our vision about its application. Ahkam Al-Quran of Ahmad Ibn Ali Razi Jassas is one the important works about the exposition and interpretation of Ayatol-Ahkam among Sunni Muslims. This article attempts to introduce this work and its writer and shows the scope of juridical verses and continues to make known its method in interpretation and the way of applying the elements of inference and the sciences of principles of jurisprudence, Quranic science and literary sciences in inference of the commandment. At the end, we consider this juridical exegesis critically and mention its advantages and shortcomings.

mphibology is a technique that is related to the scope of the meaning of a speech. Thus، it has an important role in the Quran and relates to the multi meaning words. This article is an investigation about knowing of amphibology and its application and amphibiotic techniques in the Quran. So، we first deal with the concept and synonyms of amphibology and its artistic and esthetic value and then deal with the relationship of amphibology with the semantic stratums of the Quran and Quranic sciences. The writerclears that in spite of importance of amphibology in the understanding of the Quran، what is known that amphibology has an outstanding role in the interpretation of the ambiguous verses of the Quran is incorrect and arising from confusing between this term and imagination. Amphibology of proportion، contrast and tautology are some kinds of amphibology that are introduced with the Quranic examples. Antanagoge and vice versa are some other techniques of rhetoric that can be categorized under amphibology and their applications can be introduced in this article.