hossein karshki

Memory and psychological processes play a vital role in every aspect of learning, and dysfunction slows down many areas of learning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational package of psychological processes based on verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning and academic achievement of elementary students with learning disabilities.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. In compiling the training package, worksheets were prepared in 25 different areas of psychological processes. In order to determine the effectiveness of the package, 20 second-grade female students who referred to the Center for Disorders in Ghaen and had problems in reading, writing and math were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained for thirty 45-minute sessions (10 face-to-face sessions and 20 face-to-face sessions). To collect the data, the subscales of verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning of the fourth edition of the Wechsler Children's Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 2003) and the researcher-made test of academic achievement (Ghorbanpour, 2020) were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test. This means that education could be effective in improving the verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning and academic achievement of students with learning disabilities.

According to the research results, paying due attention to the educational strategies of basic psychological processes, as an effective intervention method, can lead to promising results in education and rehabilitation of students with learning disabilities.

The water crisis is one of the potentially important potentials for conflict and security challenges, which has the potential to become a major crisis on a local, regional and trans-regional scale. The intensification of the water crisis has endangered the living health of the human ecosystem and its continued habitation due to population growth, industrial development, increasing pollution, deforestation and vegetation and drought and it has had consequences for the economic, political, military and security conditions of the countries. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the security drivers of the water crisis in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical-structural in nature. Due to the nature of research, collection and analysis of information in the descriptive part, through the study of library documents and in the analytical part of the expert methods, structural analysis was used. Documentary and expert findings of the study of factors and challenges affecting the water crisis and its consequences in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province showed that these challenges can be categorized in the dimensions of "economic security, environmental security, social security and institutional security." The results of the structural analysis also showed that drivers of water governance, inter-basin transfer projects, local and regional tensions and conflicts, political discriminations, government political authority, migration, poverty and deprivation, social capital, unemployment, psychological security, social trust, social cohesion and Participation of local institutions, public participation, are the most important drivers of effective water crisis security in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province based on the priority of effectiveness.

The cut-off point in a test is the score that divides test takers into different classes (such as rejection-acceptance). The process of determining the cut-off point is frequently used in educational tests. The cut-off point should be based on a generally accepted methodology and reflect the judgment of competent and qualified individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the basics of determining the cut of point in academic achievement tests.

 The present study is a review study in which all articles related to the purpose, using keywords of standardization of the test and determination of the cutting point in reputable Persian and English scientific sites were searched..

 In the search, it was found that there was no reliable Persian scientific source in determining the cutting point. However, English articles and books in this field were carefully studied.

Despite the importance of determining the correct cut point, especially in academic achievement tests, but Persian texts contain few resources in the field of principles and foundations for doing this and probably the lack of these resources makes researchers less familiar with the correct process of determining the point. Their inclination and tendency to use unscientific methods to do it in their studies. This article can be a useful tool as a guide to the basic principles of determining the cut-off point in academic achievement tests, which puts more emphasis on using the cut-off point for important decisions.

Breastfeeding is an important strategy to ensure health promotion and wellbeing. Since breastfeeding rates have consistently decreased around the world, protection, promotion, and supportive programs are considered as public health priorities. This study aims to explore breastfeeding mothers’ perceptions and experiences of emotional support needs.

This study was performed in five health centers and four hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Using a qualitative approach, 36 breastfeeding mothers, family members, and health providers attended individual semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis based on the Elo and Kyngas approach, with MAXQDA software version 10.

Four categories of ‘need to tranquility and solace’, ‘sense of being loved and belongingness’, ‘creating hope, motivation, and confidence’, and ‘empathy and companionship’, and 12 subcategories including ‘not inducing stress’, ‘relieving the mother’s stress and worries’, ‘creating and maintaining tranquility’, ‘understanding and attention’, ‘receiving affection from significant others’, ‘being respected by others’, ‘ being inspired by significant others’, ‘being assured by family members’, ‘being motivated by significant others’, ‘interacting with others’, ‘having the companionship and presence of others’, and ‘receiving empathy from others’ were identified as the mothers’ emotional support needs.

Mothers need emotional support to sustain breastfeeding. Significant others, such as the husband, family members, and health providers play an important role in meeting breastfeeding mothers’ emotional support needs.

A high percentage of children with learning disabilities, the most common of which is disordered reading or dyslexia, and one of the areas affected by poor performance, finding ways to improve performance can lead to academic achievement and preventing a student from preventing failureThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of teaching self-regulation learning strategies on memory and inhibition of dyslexic students. Metod: The design of this semi-experimental study was a trial and control group in which 30 dyslexic students of elementary school students were selected through a sampling method. The statistical population of the elementary school students was dyslexic Education in Mashhad in the academic year of 97-96. Subjects were trained in eight 90-minute sessions once a week.

The results of the research showed that training of self-regulation learning strategies on working memory and inhibition of dyslexic students' response was effective in collecting data.

Based on this, it can be concluded that self-regulation learning on the components of executive function can be an effective therapeutic approach for dysfunctional students.

It is essential to development an accurate scale for the evaluation of emotion regulation strategies that not only integrates different important strategies into a unified multidimensional questionnaire but also complements the existing measures. The aim of this research was the evaluation of Psychometric properties Heidelberg form for emotion regulation strategies. The design of this study was testing,correlation. Statistical population of this research was all students in University of Birjand in the first year of undergraduate of 2017-2018 academic years. 301 students were selected by cluster sampling method among them. Data were collected by using Heidelberg form for Emotion Regulation Strategies (HFERST),Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). To determine the Inner consistency of HFERST,Cronbach's alpha,Split-halves coefficient,to determine its validity,Content validity,EFA,CFA,Convergent validity were used. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale had a good six-factor structure that explained 55.53% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this structure. The internal consistency of sub-scales was obtained with the Cronbach's alpha in the desired range. The results of Convergent validity indicated that there was a positive,significant correlation between HFERST dimensions including reappraisal,acceptance,experience suppression with Positive refocusing,positive reappraisal,acceptance of CERQ. The results of statistical analysis showed that the Persian version of Heidelberg Form for Emotion Regulation Strategies has acceptable psychometric properties,can be used as a reliable tool in the Iranian population.

The early relationships between infant and care takers are significant and the emotional interactions of these relationships play an important role in forming personality and adulthood relationships.
The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of attachment styles (AS) and emotional intelligence (EI) with marital satisfaction (MS).
In this cross-sectional research, 450 married people (226 male, 224 female) were selected using multistage sampling method in Mashhad, Iran, in 2011. Subjects completed the attachment styles questionnaire (ASQ), Bar-On emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i) and Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire.
The results indicated that secure attachment style has positive significant relationship with marital satisfaction (r = 0.609, P 0.05).
According to the obtained results, attachment styles and emotional intelligence are the key factors in marital satisfaction that decrease marital disagreement and increase the positive interactions of the couples.

Context: Emotions plays a major role in the educational environment so Scale to measure teachers emotions is noteworthy and significant subject.
aim: The aim of this research is to examine Validity and Reliability of TEI in Mashhad.
The research method was descriptive-correlative. The required sample size was determined 023 based on Cochran formula, and participants were selected by random Cluster method. The Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI) of Chen (2016), positive and negative affect scale (PANAS; Watson, Clark and Tellegen) (1988) were completed by participants at the same time. Primary teachers were selected by multi-stage random sampling. Teacher Emotion Inventory and positive and negative scale were tested. The reliability of TEI was confirmed by internal consistency (Cochran`s alpha). The validity was determined by content validity, convergent validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Findings: Results showed that alpha coefficient for total size was 0/88 and for subscales was from 0/74 to 0/88. The correlation coefficient between Teacher Emotion Inventory and PANAS for convergent validity was 0/41. The analysis of principle components with Varimax Rotation showed that eigenvalue of 5 factors are considerable which explains 62/49 percent of the total variance. The goodness of fit indexes was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Hence, TEI has a good internal consistency and sufficient validity in the sample of Iranian teachers.

One of the activities of experts in the field of curriculum design is their endeavours to understand conceptual structures of this realm of human knowledge, and an instance of such efforts is the article titled "Analysis of the Conceptual Model in Curriculum Filed: Critical Review of Researchers Done With Model Design Approach Curriculum" in which the authors have initially categorized the models into “procedural”, “descriptive” and “conceptual” in the field of curriculum design based on the ideas put forth by Posner’. They have then analyzed researches conducted in the field of curriculum with the model design approach in terms of model description, type of model used and its usage. In this study, it has been attempted to decide to what extend the titles and evaluations presented in the article are in line with the nature of matters of curriculum design. In the end, with the help of available resources, we have addressed the possibility of determining criteria for distinguishing models in the field of curriculum design. The study has revealed that the models in the field of curriculum design have different categorizations in terms of structure and subject matter which will be discussed in the present article.

The purpose of this study was investigating the relationship of sensation seeking and self-regulation in delinquent and normal adolescent boys. In this descriptive-correlation study, 80 delinquent adolescent boys who were habitant in Mashhad Training and Improvement Association, Mashhad, Iran, were selected via random simple sampling method; and 80 normal male students of Mashhad high schools were selected using cluster sampling method. Self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ) and Alizadeh sensation seeking index (ASSI) were completed by each of them. ANOVA and t tests were used to analyze the data. There was a significant negative correlation between the self-regulation and the sensation seeking in both groups. In addition, the implementation component in the criminal group, and the measurement component in the normal group showed significant reverse correlation with sensation seeking. Self-regulation could be used as a factor for controlling or changing sensation seeking in delinquent adolescent boys.

Considering the importance of critical thinking disposition and its’ the factors affecting, the present study was aimed to assess and explain the impact of students’ epistemological perspectives critical thinking disposition. This research method was causal-comparative. The statistic population consisted of all humanities students in Bafg PNU (460). 146 students were selected through stratified and sample size formula. They completed Ricketts’ critical thinking disposition (2003) and Schommer’ epistemological belief (1998) questionnaire’s. The findings showed that (1): There was significant difference between the two groups of students with complex and raw epistemological belief’s to critical thinking disposition. 2- Most students were complex epistemological beliefs. 3. The students’ critical thinking disposition was not desirable. According to the results, change on the raw beliefs into complex beliefs, can be used to strengthen critical thinking and advanced the higher education goals.

Self-regulating learning is an important educational and research process which is influenced by the motivational beliefs. Some of the educational methods are more effective on the motivational beliefs and self-regulating. This work was accomplished for comparing the effects of cooperative learning method to lecture method on the motivational beliefs and self-regulating learning strategies among students. This quasi-experimental research was accomplished on BA students of nursing and midwifery passing their management course in 6th semester in Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (n=50) during the second semester of 2009-2010 academic years. This course was held for 6 sessions and each session took 2 hours. Students were placed into cooperative learning and lecturing training groups based on random block plan. The measuring tools of the study were the demographic information and Pinterich and Degrout’s (1990) reliable and valid questionnaires for motivational beliefs and self-regulating learning strategies (MSLQ). Data was analyzed using t-tests, Mann-Whitney test, K-Square, variance analyzing and covariance analyzing. The average of the subscales of motivational beliefs and self-regulating strategies in the cooperative learning group was significantly more than that of lecture group (p<0.05) and the mean of test anxiety in the cooperative learning group was significantly lower than that of lecture group (p<0.05). With regard to the results of the study, it is suggested apply the active training methods that can ground for more cooperation by students with the educational topics in order to be prepared for increasing motivated beliefs and self-regulating strategies.

The study aim was to compare educational motivation and quality of life of male students، subjected to descriptive evaluation with the traditional evaluation in the fourth-grade of elementary schools of Qaen city. The statistical population was consisted of 698 students in the 2010-11 academic year (70 eligible students for descriptive evaluation and 628 students for traditional evaluation). Multi-stage sampling method was used and the sample size was estimated to 136. The research method was descriptive with causal-comparison type. In order to collect the data، the questionnaires of educational motivation and quality of life was used. MANOVA and t-test were used to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that there was no significant difference in educational motivation between the eligible students for assessment in the description evaluation and students under the traditional evaluation. There was no significant difference in the quality of life between the students who are assessed with descriptive evaluation and those under the traditional evaluation. There was a significant and direct relationship between the educational motivation and quality of life of the fourth-grade students.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. One of its most insidious forms is coronary heart disease (CHD) which decreases patient's quality of life. Research indicates that psychological factors are interrelated with coronary heart disease patient's quality of life. In the present study, the role of type D personality and emotional intelligence with mediating of perceived stress and coping styles in quality of life of coronary heart disease patients was investigated. 180 heart disease patient through excessive Convenience Sampling method were selected and completed the questionnaires of Type D personality, Coping Style, The Perceived Stress, the Emotional Intelligence and WHOQOL. Direct effects and the mediation model of variables were evaluated through path analysis by Lisrel software. Emotional Intelligence had a significant role in perceived stress, coping styles and quality of life. Moreover, Type D personality had a significant role in perceived stress and coping styles but no significant role in the quality of life. Perceived stress and coping styles had a direct role in quality of life and significantly mediated the relationship between Type D personality and emotional intelligence with heart disease patient's quality of life. Reduction of heart disease patient's quality of life had a negative relationship with stress and emotional coping style and positive relationship with emotional intelligence and problem solving coping style. Teaching the adaptive coping style, personality type, stress management and emotional intelligence could lead to improve the quality of life among coronary heart disease patients.

Performance management is a major main issue in the organizational analysis and its improvement is necessary to the measurement and management. Hence, an organization is not conceivable without a performance management system. The purpose of this research was to understand the views of Ferdowsi University staff, both managers and employees about the performance management based on Baldrige's model. Research statistical population included all employed official and contract personnel working in different parts of Ferdowsi University In 1390. In this research, we used stratified random sampling method for selection of employees sample and Simple random sampling method for selection of manager’s sample. So after using Cochran's formula for determining sample size, 18 departments were identified and University and samples were selected based on the proportion of employees in each department. Data collection was made by a questionnaire with 35 items that was developed based on components of Baldrige's model and also were evaluated its Validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics, repeated measure, MANOVA, and Hoc tests. The most important results are: overall, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad has been found appropriate score from Baldrige's model, Namely What about 55 percent of the total score. Also there is no significant difference between the 6 components of performance management from the of manager's perspective and while there is significant difference between the 6 components of performance management from the of staff's perspective.