فهرست مطالب hossein soltanzadeh

Drug addiction is characterized by uncontrolled drug use and recurrence of need for medication. Changes in gene expression play an important role in addictive neuroplasticity, but the mechanisms by which addictive drugs regenerate brain motive circuits are unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding small RNAs that bind to the translocated regions; primers of their target mRNAs inhibit translation and suppress gene expression. This study investigated the profiles and different expression of MIR 24 and MIR 329 in the patients with amphetamine dysfunction.

This study was performed on 30 patients .of medical centers. RNA extraction was performed according to the kit. The amount of RNA extracted was evaluated by a nanodrop machine. These RNAs were then added to Poly (A) tail and then transformed into cDNA using specific primers and reverse transcriptase. Finally, their expression was quantitatively measured by qRT-PCR method compared to the control group.

In the present study, the results indicated that MIR 24 gene expression was significantly increased compared to U6. The MIR 24 gene showed an increase of 9.02 (P-value: 0.049) compared to the control group in blood samples. The MIR 329 gene showed a decrease of 0.007 (P-value: 0.000) compared to the control group in blood samples.

The results showed that there was a significant association between miR-24 and miR-329 expression in blood samples of amphetamine users, which may be related to amphetamine abuse disorder. Used as a noninvasive diagnostic marker for the detection of amphetamine abuse disorder.

This research proposes a systematic approach to provide insight on how to quantify the similarity/dependency between different architectural design styles. The study utilizes the College of Fine Arts of University of Tehran as its primary focus and examines to what extent the architecture at the College of Fine Arts at University of Tehran was affected by the French École des Beaux-Arts and the German Bauhaus school through examining more than hundred architectural works from these schools. In the first half of this study, the teaching method and educational system of these schools are reviewed and in the second half of the study the main characteristics of architectural works of each school are identified. If we consider an architectural work as the outcome of an architectural education, then the features of the created work can be attributed to the associated educational system. Based on this, the characteristic of the prominent architectural works of the two schools were investigated and used for the analysis through the proposed approach. This approach can be used for quantitatively investigating complex qualitative problems in different disciplines. On average, the results show that the college of Fine Arts is influenced by thirty-three percent from these two approaches, while the Bauhaus approach shows a greater impact.

Iranian architecture and urban planning, despite its abundance and diversity in various dimensions, is still a place of discovery and research. Based on this, the current research aims to provide a model for prioritizing the effective dimensions and indicators of the pattern language on underground cities and to explain the relationship between these two issues in order to understand underground cities. In this regard, two methods of grounded theory and structural-interpretive modeling have been used to analyze data and achieve research goals. The findings of the research show that this type of architecture can be recognized according to the pattern language in three dimensions, macro, medium, and micro, so that the indicators of the macro dimension are the most influential and the indicators in the middle dimension. have the greatest influence in the localization of architecture and urban planning in Iran today.

Problem statement:

 Many buildings in the West have a reflection of Egypt’s past architecture. This research studies the origin of “The Egyptian Revival Movement” and the formation of “The Egyptian Architecture Revival” in America, in which, the artist uses the shapes, motifs, and images of ancient Egyptian works of art, which is attributed to the awareness of Western artists about the historical works of ancient Egypt after the conquest by Napoleon in 1798.

This study attempts to discover the roots and influence of ancient Egyptian art and architecture on American architecture in the 20th century.

This qualitative research aims to find the roots and the way ancient Egyptian art and architecture influenced American architectural works in the 20th century using an interpretive-historical method.

Results show that after the conquest of Egypt by Napoleon, many artists of the following decades were inclined to the art and architecture of ancient Egypt, which led to the formation of the Revival movement of Egyptian architecture. In this way, many architectural buildings were designed and constructed with the inspiration of the art and architecture of ancient Egypt in form and elements such as sanctuary, pylon, peristyle, pyramid, and also Egyptian motifs like papyrus, gorge-cornice with vulture-winged solar globe.

Timcheh and historical bazaars are among the commercial buildings of the city, which have played an important role in the trade and commercial exchanges of the cities throughout history, and the physical type of today's shopping centers and arcades is based on the historical bazaars and timchehs, the lack of recognition of the organization The space of these buildings is being forgotten due to the destruction, change of use and reconstructions, and the restoration and unrelated architecture in these spaces has caused the loss of the previous values ​​and the correct recognition of the spatial organization of these historical buildings. Therefore, this research aims to reveal the differences and similarities between the timchehs of the Safavid and Qajar periods in the historical bazaar of Isfahan by understanding the principles of spatial organization and establishment. The main questions of the research are: How are the physical patterns and spatial organization in the Safavid and Qajar timchehs of Isfahan's historical bazaar? What are the patterns extracted from the spatial organization and physical type of Safavid and Qajar timchehs? The present research method is a case study using the descriptive-analytical method and the method of collecting information in the field and documents (library), the results of this research show. The results of this research show that the timchehs of Isfahan market related to the Safavid and Qajar periods were formed due to the developments in trade and commerce and the greater prosperity of trade in the Qajar period. The increase in spatial extent in the Qajar period compared to the Safavid period is evident, and the wider connection between the timchehs and the market halls due to the boom in trade during the Qajar period is one of the physical developments of the timchehs of these two historical periods, the timchehs of the Safavid period are often independent, with roofs., have one entrance and have less architectural decorations than the timchehs of the Qajar period, the timchehs of the Qajar period are mainly related to palaces, have two entrances and have luxurious architectural decorations compared to the Safavid period in Isfahan bazaar.

Chronic drug abuse changes microRNA (miRNA) expression in the brain, which may contribute to addictive behaviors. Many miRNAs play critical roles in developing drug addiction. Methamphetamine induces various alterations in different systems by affecting gene expression, but the effects of methamphetamine on miRNA profiles need to be elucidated. This study evaluated the expression of miRNA-183 and miRNA-143 in the blood of methamphetamine abusers and controls.

In this case-control study, the case group comprised 60 people with a methamphetamine addiction from Tabriz City, East Azerbaijan, Iran, and the control group comprised 60 healthy controls of comparable ages and ethnicities. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, and then cDNA was synthesized. MicroRNA-183 and microRNA-143 expression levels were determined using real-time PCR.

The results indicated that methamphetamine abusers had significantly higher blood levels of miRNA-143 than healthy controls (P<0.05); however, miRNA-183 expression was comparable between the two groups (P>0.05).

MicroRNA-143 may play a role in the pathology of methamphetamine abuse, so it may be used as an additional method to identify people with an addiction precisely.

Aesthetic architectural reading refers to the interpretation and analysis of an architectural work or architectural concepts. This process involves understanding and interpreting the multiple elements of architecture such as form, space, material, light, and structure. Architectural reading is not limited to describing and interpreting the physical characteristics of structures and buildings; it also encompasses an understanding of their role in social, cultural, historical processes, and even their relationship with the natural environment. Contemporary architecture based on object-oriented ontology pays special attention to the human experience of the environment and space. In this approach, environments and structures are considered as central objects in architecture and have a profound impact on human experience and behavior. Contemporary architects strive to design environments and structures in a way that influences human interaction with them and enhances the architectural experience. In this approach, architecture is introduced as a means to create sustainable interaction between humans and the environment. The importance of this perspective lies in making the relationship between humans and the environment more experiential and emotional in architecture. Environments are designed in a way that allows humans to establish a close connection with them, and in interactive environments, they can experience engaging and unique experiences.

Problem statement: 

With Iran’s entry into the threshold of modernization and the establishment of the University of Tehran in the year 1934 (1313 AH) and the gradual formation of the Faculty of Fine Arts until 1940 (1319 AH), art and architecture education took a new approach towards academic methods. Academic experiences for approximately two centuries have shown how architecture is taught has a significant impact on the formation of architects’ personalities and is reflected in their architectural works. One of the most influential academic institutions in this regard is the Bauhaus School in Germany. The Faculty of Fine Arts, as the first academic center for architectural education in Iran, has also demonstrated explicit interactions with many of these schools, including the Bauhaus, in terms of adopting innovative teaching methods. The influence of the predominant approach of the Bauhaus School can be observed in the examination of the works of professors and students. 

The objective of this research is to examine the Bauhaus approach in Germany, identify the patterns of this style, and trace them in the architectural structures of the Pahlavi era, which include the works of professors and students of the Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Tehran. 

This study is interpretive-historical, and as a result, the analysis of the findings and the influence of the fine arts are approached through a descriptive-analytical research method. To achieve this, several examples of buildings constructed by professors and students of the Bauhaus School were examined. The main design features have been extracted through the examination of these samples and interviews. Then, by systematically weighing the indicators using a developed formula, the degree of affiliation of each architectural work to this style was determined.

The results of the research indicate that the influence of the fine arts from the Bauhaus approach can be seen during the period of Emmanuel Pontremoli’s management. The commonly used architectural parameters of this style include flat roofs, the use of modern materials and technology, a balance in the composition of volumes and facade elements, and functional beauty. These features are more pronounced compared to other characteristics, such as white facades and pilotis.

 Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm among women worldwide. The significance of gene polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 (CYP3A4) in cancer development is generally acknowledged.

 The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between the rs17861162 polymorphism of the CYP1A2 gene and vulnerability to breast cancer among women of Iranian heritage.

 In the current study, a cohort comprising 100 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer was identified as the case group in a case-control inquiry. Another cohort of 100 women in good health and residing in East Azerbaijan province, with similar age and ethnicity attributes to the individuals in the case group, were selected as the control group. The genomic DNA was obtained from leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood through a phenol-chloroform extraction method. The genotyping experiment was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.

 The findings of this study indicated that genotypic distribution among individuals diagnosed with breast cancer was 54% CC, 37% CG, and 9% GG. On the other hand, the healthy control group exhibited a distribution of 69% CC, 27% CG, and 2% GG. The statistical analysis revealed notable variations in the genotype and allele frequencies of the rs17861162 polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene between people diagnosed with breast cancer and healthy control subjects (P>0.05).

 The results of our study indicated a significant association between breast cancer and the rs17861162 polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene among Iranian women. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the specific ramifications of this polymorphism concerning breast cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and risk, it is imperative to perform additional research that spans a wide range of ethnic and geographical populations.

In contemporary times, the imperative to address ethical considerations within the realm of architecture has escalated, primarily in response to the prevalent environmental challenges. Environmental ethics, a facet of applied ethics, delves into the intricate interplay between nature and the exigencies arising from indiscriminate human interventions in the environment. The present research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to discern indicators of environmental ethics methodologies, drawing insights from the Hannover Principles and pertinent case studies. Within the purview of this study, the qualitative content analysis method is employed to scrutinize the conceptual framework of these principles and their ramifications on residential complexes. To identify pivotal indicators and criteria catering to residential needs, the Expert questionnaire and AHP method are applied. The accrual of research data is facilitated through a researcher-developed questionnaire, subsequently subjected to analysis utilizing SPSS statistical software. The analytical approach involves correlation coefficient analysis and a one-sample t-test. In alignment with the Hannover Principles, environmental ethics indicators are systematically classified into three distinct categories: principles pertaining to human aspects, those linked to nature, and principles concerning productivity. This study aims to investigate the role of these principles as evaluative criteria in the design of contemporary residential complexes. The central research question guiding this inquiry is articulated as follows: To what extent have environmental ethics principles been integrated into the design paradigms of modern residential complexes? The empirical findings underscore the imperative of infusing environmental ethical standards into the fabric of sustainable building creation. Notably, principles related to human aspects emerge as particularly consequential, garnering the highest score among all the considered criteria for Residential Complexes.

The architecture and culture of southern Iranian cities had a significant influence on the architecture and culture of Arab countries around the Persian Gulf. One notable example is the influence on the architecture of the Bastakiya neighborhood in Dubai, which was a result of the migration of Iranian merchants to the Bastakiya neighborhood. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of the local architecture and culture of southern Iranian cities on the architecture of the Bastakiya neighborhood. The research method was descriptive-analytical and involved comparing and studying six case studies of old-fashioned houses in Bushehr and Bastakiya. The results show that, in addition to environmental issues, culture and lifestyle had an significant influence on the layout and structure of houses in both regions. The migration of Iranians to Bastakiya caused the culture and lifestyle of Iranian immigrants to influence the structure of houses, and similarities between the architectural design of houses in both regions were observed in issues such as spatial planning, integration, privacy, construction methods, and internal circulation of space. In both regions, different spaces were defined for men and women as private and common spaces, and there were also spaces for guests and male visitors that were separate from the private space of the house. The central courtyard and windows and windcatchers were used as tools to create natural ventilation and cooling. Additionally, different spaces such as public, semi-public, and private spaces were defined in each house for various activities.

Transparency is one of the qualities of the spatial structure of Iranian architecture, but it has less theoretical explanation, for this reason, in order to investigate the concept of transparency in Iranian architecture, this research examines and interprets the spatial structure of the landmark works of the Qajar period and the examples examined in the city of Shiraz city. In this research, descriptive and analytical methods have been used to describe the characteristics of the research samples, and the "comparative study and analysis" method has been used to analyze the data in the evaluation of the spaces. This type of study deals with creating relationships between two or more phenomena, through analysis, explanation, explanation of their characteristics, differences, and possible similarities and after that Spatial structure analyzed using Depthmap software in four garden-mansion case such as Eram, Afif abad, Shapuri and Narenjestan Qavam to evaluating location of Shahneshin hall up to the transparency matter. The results show Shapuri Garden-Mansion has the highest amount of transparency, followed by Eram Garden-Mansion, then Narenjestan Qavam Garden-Mansion, and finally Afif Abad Mansion. Finally, it can be concluded that because the Shapuri Garden-Mansion has the highest quantitative value in the four indices of depth, visibility, coherence and legibility, it has more spatial transparency than other mansions.

The color temperature of light is one of the important indicators in lighting that should be considered. Because people experience and feel their surroundings not only with brightness and darkness, light and shadow but also through colors, the feeling that the color of the light creates in the space affects human perception and health through the warmth and coldness of the light. The color receptivity and color temperature chart is a tool that determines how the human eye feels when faced with a spectrum of light. Since the purpose of this research is to analyze the light quality of the stained glass windows of traditional Iranian architecture, calculating the color temperature will be a suitable criterion for judgment, that is, if the color temperature of the light from the stained glass windows is calculated, the experience of people in facing the light can be calculated quantitatively. Comparative methods were used to analyze the quality of light based on the color temperature curve with calculation tristimulus values XYZ from spectral data and calculation xyz chromaticity values. Investigations showed that the light color temperature of 65% of the windows is 3000 to 4600 K, and 35% is. In these windows with this combination model and area percentage of four colors, red, green, blue, and yellow, the quality of light has not decreased based on the color temperature curve.

 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common solid tumor and the third cause of cancer death worldwide. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a serious challenge in the treatment of HCC. To address this challenge, therefore, attempts have been made to develop novel anticancer agents by using medicinal plants and producing novel natural chemical compounds.

 This study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of the Satureja sahandica extraction combined with layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets on the HepG2 HCC cell line.

 The anti-proliferative effects of S. sahandica extraction and LDH nanosheets on HCC cell line HepG2 were investigated by adopting the MTT method. The morphological alterations, migration, and apoptosis rates were also evaluated in the treated cancer cells. The apoptosis-related genes mRNA expressions (BAX and BCL2) were examined by performing real-time PCR.

 According to the study results, the S. sahandica extraction treatments significantly decreased the viability and proliferation of the HCC cell line HepG2. However, the anticancer activity of the S. sahandica extraction and LDH nanosheet combination was significantly less than its monotherapy. Various morphological alterations and apoptosis rates increased in the cancer cells. However, the migration rate of the cancer cells significantly decreased. Furthermore, the expressions of BAX and BCL2 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively.

 In sum, the significant anti-proliferative activity of the S. sahandica extraction against the HCC cells was documented, which may have been due to the induction of apoptosis. However, LDH nanosheets decreased the anti-proliferative activity of S. sahandica extraction.

Problem statement: 

Children are required to continuously experience and learn, and the space of classrooms should be able to govern the sensory and mental powers of students and improve their learning ability. The research question addresses the shape and design of the elementary classroom and its effect on the quality of teaching methods to determine the most appropriate one.

The study aims to investigate the current classroom environment of elementary schools and its influence on the quality of modern educational methods in Iran.

This is descriptive-analytical research using the content analysis method to analyze the data from library resources, and interviews from the field. The sample included four primary schools in Tehran during the years 2001–2021. The theoretical foundation of the study also points to the influence of spatial design and the shape of the classroom on teaching methods.

According to the results, the elementary classrooms in Iran during the years 2001-2021 have had square and rectangular shapes with vertical and linear directions; the teaching methods in these classes are mostly based on individual, lecture, and discussion methods, which among them, group discussion is considered as the most appropriate one. But unfortunately, due to the linear and axial position of tables, benches, and other equipment in elementary classrooms, this method is not often used by teachers, and the two other individual and lecture methods are more applicable. Moreover, classroom furniture, as one of the architectural components of the classroom, had a significant influence on education. Therefore, it can be concluded that the geometrical shape and the space layout of elementary school classes have a significant role in improving the quality of teaching methods to choose the best one.

With the advent of modernization in Iran and the establishment of the University of Tehran in 1934, and then the gradual formation of the Faculty of Fine Arts in 1940, traditional art and architecture teaching methods changed into new academic methods. In the West, the École des Beaux-Arts pioneered eclectic-traditional architecture in France. In the early twentieth century, the Bauhaus School started working as the School of Art (Modern Art and Architecture Education) in Germany. École des Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus schools were highly influential in modernizing the architecture education in contemporary Iranian architecture by pushing it towards the approaches in the Western world. Analyzing the samples, this research seeks to investigate the effects of the research independent variable, i.e. processes affecting arts and architecture used in the Faculty of Fine Arts on the dependent variable, i.e. the works of art presented by Educators and graduates of the Faculty of Fine Arts and figures in the Contemporary Architecture of Iran. Thus, this study examines the language of architecture, ideology, concepts, and methods of École des Beaux-Arts, Bauhaus Architecture Schools, and their effects on the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran. Based on a comparativeanalytical realistic approach, thisstudy was conducted through library studies and surveys using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to examine the keywords of École des Beaux-Arts, Bauhaus Architecture Schools and to identify how the perceptions and effects of École des Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus Architecture Schools help form the architecture in the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Tehran. The results show that the architecture in the Faculty of Fine Arts was a combination of the style of École des Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus Architecture Schools.

As the age increases, the power and ability of the elderly to recognise architectural spaces and related internal or external areas decreases. This initially increases their dependence on others, and in the next stages they may lose the ability to find their way. The purpose of this research is to provide an understanding of the elements that play a role in the mental dimensions of aging. The present article was formed in order to answer these questions: ‘how does the perception and cognition of the elderly take place with a focus on environmental and human approaches’, and ‘what are the influential indicators in the perception and cognition of the elderly’. For this purpose, Kahrizak elderly home was chosen. Using the 'Space Syntax’ method, this article examines the behavioural and cognitive responses of the elderly regarding the spatial characteristics of the elderly home. The research method includes two cognitive and spatial parts. In the cognitive section, after interviewing the elderly and receiving cognitive maps, the findings from the cognitive maps were compiled. Space configuration was evaluated through depth map software and Space Syntax parameters. In this analysis, spatial parameters such as connection value, connectivity, selection, depth of access and resolution have been examined and compared with cognitive maps. The analyses show that the maximum correlation is 7.3 and its average is 3.5, the maximum and average correlation parameters are 20 and 8.6, respectively. The maximum and average selection parameters are equal to 67 and 11.06, respectively. The maximum and average access depth parameters are 257 and 138.7, respectively. The analysis shows that Space Syntax modelling can be effective for understanding the perceptibility of space by the elderly, but for a correct understanding of the same space, other methods such as cognitive maps are needed. The results show that multiple objective and subjective factors are effective in the elderly's perception and their knowledge of space, together and sometimes with priorities over each other.

The present study analyzes the entrance of Isfahan Bazaar saria with the aim of investigating the field of vision and the level of visual attractiveness as a place that a tourist encounters at the first glance, and evaluates the components of physical quality with an emphasis on It measures the field of view and the depth of the tourist's gaze angle. The main question of the research is what is the relationship between the tourist's point of view and the physical-spatial quality components in the direction of readability at the entrance of the historical bazaar of Isfahan? The answer to this question is proposed in the form of this hypothesis; It seems that the greater the field and the depth of the viewing angle, it has a greater effect on the legibility of the environment as one of the components of environmental quality.In the study of three categories of Saria (small, medium, large), it can be concluded that the length of the corridor, the model of the entrance (straight, broken or spiral), the location of the entrance (corner or middle of the longitudinal or transverse side), The shape of the yard (rectangular or square), the area of ​​the yard in the plan can have an effect on the field of view of the tourist. But the tourist field of view, Isovist view and angle analysis in all cases have no direct relationship with readability as one of the components of the physical quality of space.

Paying attention to the arrangement of the senses in the environment by creating suitable spaces to meet human needs can be a basis for thinking and meditation. Man, experiences space with the help of his sense of sight and creates a continuous and organized image in his mind. Since how to understand the environment and the adaptation of the objective characteristics of the environment and different mental perceptions are among the challenges in the field of environmental psychology, therefore, the present study aims to show the desirability of visibility and field of view, and the level of visual attractiveness in Isfahan market halls. It analyzes and evaluates the perceptual environment using Gestalt psychological theory and environmental capabilities in measuring observer's lines of sight. The main question of the research is what is the relationship between the axis of human vision and gestalt perception in the entrance and courtyards of Isfahan's historical bazaar? The answer to this question is proposed in the form of a hypothesis; It seems that the observer's view has a direct relationship with the gestalt topics in the entrance and courtyards. The results of this research are explained with the criteria produced by the current version of depthmapX, as well as theoretical considerations, and the indicators of Gestalt principles are investigated as one of the criteria of environmental ability on human visual perception in the bazaar of Isfahan. The view from the courtyard and the view from the entrance are analyzed using isovist indicators such as area, compression, compactness, closure and environment. In order to prepare a report in the field, 12 architecture students unfamiliar with the environment and 12 professionals familiar with the environment were asked to explain the influential components in order to understand the environmental quality by being present in the space, and this evaluation was done on 12 buildings (small, medium, large). accepts the results of this research show that there is a direct relationship between Isovist view, area and understanding of gestalt indicators. In this way, the larger the area of ​​the yard, the wider the view to understand the space. At the entrance, the field of view does not have a direct relationship with the gestalt principles in all cases, because the long corridors provide less field of view and provide a place for reflection, pause and a different gestalt view.

 Due to high mortality of patients with metastatic breast cancer and limited strategies for management of this malignancy, development of novel therapeutic approaches and anti-cancer agents is essential.

 In the present study, we investigated in vitro anti-proliferative effects of hydroxytyrosol, as a natural chemotherapeutic agent, against breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7.

 The anti-proliferation activity of hydroxytyrosol on both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis percentage was assessed by flow cytometry in the treated and untreated cancer cells. Moreover, the expression of three apoptotic genes (BAX, BCL2, and CASP3) was evaluated by Real-Time PCR in the treated cancer cells.

 Our results indicated that hydroxytyrosol exerted an appropriate anti-proliferation activity on both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We observed a significant increase in apoptosis percentage in both treated cancer cells compared with untreated controls. In addition, hydroxytyrosol upregulated pro-apoptotic BAX and CASP3 genes while downregulated anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene.

 The findings of the present study suggested an appropriate anti-proliferation effect by hydroxytyrosol that may be due to apoptosis induction through modification of expression of apoptotic genes in breast cancer cells.

One of the important factors in the beauty of Iranian architecture works in many historical periods is their decorations and designs. Meanwhile, Afifabad mansion in Shiraz is one of the valuable works of Iranian Islamic architecture in the Qajar period, in terms of decorations and especially paintings. For this reason, studying the designs of this building can lead to the recognition of cultural identity and the effective contexts in their formation. The purpose of this research is to know how the art and architecture of different periods of history affect the designs of this building. In this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used and data collection has been done in the form of libraries and documents and also the field method. The results indicate that the designs mansion, which are mostly ceiling paintings and in some parts of the building are plaster and tile reliefs, taken from ancient Iranian designs Achaemenid-Sassanid reliefs and post-period designs is from Islam and most The motifs of Western and European designs are taken from postcard architecture. because Iranian art during the Qajar period, due to the connection of this period with the West, the arrival of European countries goods and products to Iran and the presence of many artists in this period to Europe caused the spread of Western art and culture in Qajar architecture.

Human eye cells are stimulated by receiving light and sending appropriate commands to the body's internal glands. Ambient light affects the release of the hormone melatonin, which is responsible for regulating the biological clock of the human body. Also, the highest visual sensitivity of the human eye, based on the eye sensitivity curve, is in the wavelength range of 500 to 600 nm. The aim of this research is to study the effects of colored lights on human health by studying medical texts on the effects of colored light in the field of traditional Iranian architecture. The main question of the research is focused on whether the colored lights resulting from the stained glass windows of Iranian architecture correspond to the human eye sensitivity curve and the circadian rhythm and act to maintain the health of the human eye. The study and research are done in the form of studies and case studies. Also, the correlation method is used to investigate the effect of colored lights in Iranian architecture on health. For this purpose, case samples of Iranian stained glass windows were first selected and their dimensions and geometric shapes were collected. The passing wavelengths of the stained glass were measured and the transmitting wavelength diagrams were compared with the human eye sensitivity curve. The predominant share was calculated based on the percentage of the area of each color and the amount of light passing through each stained glass. The findings of this research prove the compatibility of the light effect from the colored windows of traditional Iranian architecture from two perspectives, compatibility with the eye sensitivity curve and also compatibility with the biological clock of the human body. In the range of 500 to 600 nm, the dominant share of transmitted light was yellow and green, and in the eye sensitivity curve, the maximum vision in this wavelength is yellow and green. In the wavelength of 460 nm, the predominant contribution of the light passing through the windows was a blue color. At this wavelength, the hypothalamus, which secretes the hormone melatonin and regulates the biological clock, is sensitive to blue light.

Qajar urban planning is the Connection or breakpoint between the traditional past and the modern future of Iran and provides the Context for the emergence of the first two decades of Pahlavi thought. In the same period, the Soviet modernization campaign in Uzbekistan led to major developments in the country. In this light, Developments in urban squares emerging in the two countries appears to have some similarities and differences.

This study aims to discover how the impact of modern Cultural, political and social progresses in these societies on the urban squares evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan during the Qajar and First Pahlavi Eras to answer these questions: Have the modern cultural, political and social progresses influenced the process of Urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan? What is the Structure, nature and aspects of differences and similarities of Urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan during Qajar and First Pahlavi Eras ?

The present work is a Historical - comparative study and adopts a qualitative approach through documentary and field studies, relying on interpretive – historical methods for collecting the historical theoretical foundations and descriptive–analytical methods for analyzing urban Squares Evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan. The statistical population consists of all squares that underwent physical and functional changes during the Qajar and Pahlavi Eras due to modernist ideas and The sample population consists of a number of squares that belonging to the same period (in terms of evolution) and have stylistic similarities that share stylistic physical and functional similarities

The results are suggestive of the objective, functional, and physical manifestation of the modernistic components in both countries, but functional components appear more accentuated.

In both countries components such as functional integration around squares, physical extroversion, visual transparency and neoclassical - style building construction have emerged similarly.