javad gholamian

The aim of the current research was to develop a model of strategies and consequences of developing the educational competencies of teachers of physical education and sports sciences faculties in Iraq.

This research was a qualitative research in terms of practical purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical data collection method and in terms of execution method. In the current research, in order to collect data, 16 articles and interviews with 9 elites were used, and then Strauss and Corbin's method was used to analyze the obtained data.

Based on the findings from the qualitative results, for strategies there are 72 concepts, 7 sub-categories and 3 main categories (development of personal knowledge, attention to education and classroom and students' growth and development) and for achievements there are 24 concepts, 6 sub-categories and 3 main categories. (development of physical education and sports sciences, improvement of quality of life and cultivation of moral traits) and a total of 374 concepts, 39 subcategories and 15 main categories related to the development of educational competencies of teachers of physical education and sports sciences faculties in Iraq were identified.

Therefore, it can be seen that the teachers of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq, in addition to the growth, improvement and development of their educational competencies, should also consider the growth and development of students and always try to develop their personal knowledge. to provide them with the best and latest educational materials.

One of the unwritten rules of the business world is that all businesses must choose a price that is lower, equal or slightly higher than the competitors' prices to attract customers. The pools are with GIS. This study is a survey descriptive research that was conducted in a mixed (quantitative, qualitative) way. sports federations and one of the professors of sports marketing who had researches in the field of sports marketing and pricing) after conducting 20 interviews with experts, using the snowball method, the codes reached the theoretical saturation limit. The statistical community in the qualitative section It includes sports pools in Tehran city, which includes 119 sports pools, the top 20 pools were selected through targeted sampling, and the researcher checked and recorded their facilities by referring to these pools. The data analysis was done in the qualitative part using the Glazer approach and in the quantitative part using the geographic information system. Finally, by performing a three-step coding process (open, selective and theoretical) to provide a model of pricing strategies in sports service providers. A number of 143 initial codes were obtained, which were classified into 61 concepts and 610 main categories. Considering that the most important components of attracting customers are the ticket prices of welfare service centers such as swimming pools. The managers of the centers providing sports services should control the required equipment and tools in terms of proper quality, safety and standard, the appropriateness of the equipment with the number of visitors, paying special attention to the physical space of the centers providing sports services, and pricing based on the services they provide to customers Compile.

The study aimed to determine the influential factors in marketing music psychology in Mashhad aerobic clubs and physical fitness. The research method is a descriptive survey of which the required data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire from the research background (Morton, Chang velin, 2010) was used. The statistical population included all male and female Mashhad Aerobic and Fitness Clubs (Region 9). Then 220 people on considering the sample size of five to ten times the number of research questions in survey studies. were selected randomly. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that five factors could identify, and in total, 53.8% of the marketing variance explained the psychology of music. Also, the mean score of all components indicated a favorable relative status. According to the extracted factors, mental factors, psychological emotion, recognition power, influence power, and musical personality was the highest priority. The importance of marketing and customer attraction for clubs, especially concerning the fundamentals of music psychology, indicates the need to understand the influential components of sports spaces and venues. This review can have a positive and different impact on attracting customers to clubs. The psychology of music and the attention it has to people's influence can be used as a new way of marketing and attracting customers.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of factors affecting the internal branding of non-profit physical education colleges in Khorasan Razavi province. . The statistical population in the qualitative section included professors and experts in the field of branding and school sports. The sampling method in the qualitative section was purposeful, which reached theoretical saturation after the ninth interview. A small part of the statistical population of this study included all physical education experts of Khorasan Razavi General Directorate of Education and the departments of seven education districts of Mashhad and Tabadakan region, principals of vocational schools and physical education teachers and physical education teachers in Mashhad, which was analyzed on 277 questionnaires. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The reliability and validity of the structure were evaluated and fitted by confirmatory factor analysis. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to classify the data and test the research hypotheses. Confirmatory factor analysis models were used in Smart PLS software and the Friedman ranking test and heuristic factor analysis were used in SPSS software. Findings identified a total of 10 factors in the field of branding of non-profit physical education conservatory in Khorasan Razavi province. The findings of the Friedman ranking test showed that there is a significant difference between the components affecting the internal branding of non-profit sports schools in Khorasan Razavi province in terms of priority.

This study aims to investigate the attention cognitive process while watching sports advertisements in interested and non-interested people using electroencephalogram technology. The research method was semi-experimental and the population included 30 students of Birjand University who were selected randomly as a sample. To collect data, the General Health and Sanchez-Torres Questionnaire (2021) was used. Then to record the brain signal, the 21-channel Electroencephalography Instrument was used. The results revealed a significant difference in attention index (AI) between sports advertising and non-sport advertising. Also, the attention index in people who were interested in sports showed a significant difference compared to those who were not. It can be concluded that sports are a suitable platform for advertising products so that it can create a positive effect through increasing the customers’ attention. The level of interest also in sports may be a persuasive calculation of consideration for publicizing.

Sponsorship is a resource that will be able to provide sustainable competitive advantages and a form of fast-growing marketing that has the potential to become the 21st Century marketing tool. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify effective strategies in the Iran's sports professional sponsorship model.This is an applied research of purpose and data collection is field study. The kind of research is survey and descriptive. According to the grounded theory (Grounded) is based on the method of Glaser. The statistical population is sport industry experts, directors, secretaries and marketing managers of sports federations, Managers and Board Directors of sponsors, and professors of universities with researches and projects related to the matters, Sport organizations, that 23 of them were selected by Target and snowball sampling method. The interviews were open and semi-structured and data analysis has occurred by qualitative content analysis and open, axial and selective coding.The results of the research identified 6 general strategies including investing, relationship management, leveraging and activation, sponsorship fit and alliances as effective strategies in professional sports sponsorship. This research by presenting a model and focusing on appropriate strategies seeks to create competitive advantages and increase the commercial power of sports federations and facilitate the decision-making process in investment as well as the survival of sponsors in professional sport of Iran.

Today, there are sizable chunk of cities in the world, trying to introduce themselves as destination brands in various areas. Given that, this study aimed to explain the effective factors on destination branding in the field of sports tourism in Mashhad. This study was of applied research, from the view point of purpose, and also, in terms of its nature, it was in the field of exploratory research, furthermore, in terms of data collection, it was of a descriptive-survey type. Also, due to the use of Q methodology, it was a type of mixed research (quantitative-qualitative). The statistical population included marketing and branding specialists, sports tourism experts, sports management professors and people active in the field of tourism who had complete knowledge of Mashhad. For this purpose, theoretical saturation was achieved after in-depth and semi-structured interviewing 16 experts selected purposefully and finally 26 people completed the Q questionnaire. The data obtained from sorting the Q statements were entered into SPSS software version 26 and analyzed through varimax rotation (exploratory factor analysis). The priority of these models were infrastructural factors, inner city situation, cultural activities, commercial creativities, urban essence, and transportation, respectively. The results of this research emphasize the strengthening of indicators such as suitable access to the Internet, managerial decisions, cultural diversity, the existence of suitable places and markets, the potential of the region and the smoothness of traffic and roads in order to make the destination as a brand in Mashhad's sports tourism.

The purpose of this research is to identify effective economic examples in the development of individual sports in Iraq. From the point of view of the goal, this research is placed in the category of applied research, its nature, is in the category of exploratory-descriptive research, also because of the use of qualitative and quantitative methods, and it is in the category of mixed research. The statistical population of this research included all experts in the field of sports economics and marketing in Iraq, professors of sports management, prominent and prominent athletes of individual disciplines in Iraq. 11 interviews were conducted with the purposeful sampling method and up to the theoretical saturation of the data, and the Q questionnaire was completed by 25 people, and the analyzes were performed by SPSS software. Using interviews and examining the theoretical foundations of the research, a total of 56 propositions were identified as economic examples affecting the development of individual sports in Iraq, and finally 29 propositions were confirmed. According to the exploratory factor analysis test and Varimax rotation, the experts identified 7 factors in total, which include professionalists, consequentialists, privateists, financialists, protectionists, managerialists and mediaists in order of priority. In general, it should be stated that economic examples affecting the development of individual sports are affected by all known mental patterns, and if any of these patterns are changed or removed, it will affect the development of individual sports.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the amount of sports walking (case study of police force employees).

The statistical population included all the male employees of the Khorasan Razavi police force, of which 384 were selected as a sample by stratified sampling. The Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Friedman's test and t-test were used in SPSS version 26 software.

The results of the research showed that internal motivations and external motivations were recognized as factors driving the participation of police command staff in sports walking. Also, according to psychological-personal factors, not having access to facilities, facilities and facilities and lack of interest were among the factors preventing the participation of police command staff in sports walking.

The results of the current research on the need to strengthen indicators such as strengthening the internal and external motivations of employees, suitable sports facilities and equipment, preparing arrangements for the movement of military forces during work or leisure time, establishing organizational rules, determining rewards, creating social connections, holding competitions. Sports and introduction of selected athletes, holding sports workshops and conferences, examining the psychological and individual issues of employees and using various sports activities in order to make employees interested in sports are emphasized.

Recent Taekwondo honors in the international arena have made Taekwondo popular in Iran, and with a population of about two million athletes, Taekwondo is one of the most important sports in Iran. However, the achievement of some poor results, especially in the Tokyo Olympics, reveals the importance of examining the injuries in the country's taekwondo body. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the mental patterns of experts regarding the pathology of taekwondo sports problems in Khorasan Razavi province. This research is based on purpose, of applied type, in terms of descriptive-exploratory nature and due to the application of Q methodology, it is of mixed research type.The statistical population of this study consisted of all the elites of the sport of Taekwondo in Khorasan Razavi. Data collection tools in the present study included library studies and interviews. In the interview section, open and axial coding, summarizing and filtering techniques were used to extract the raw data.Also, statistical method of Q factor analysis and principal component analysis were used. Based on the research results, 13 mental models including the mental model of empiricists, scholarly, juvenile, professionalist, competitive, supportive, strategic-oriented, materialistic, communicative, infrastructuralist , Structuralists, globalists, and sports educators were identified; In a general conclusion, it can be stated that in order to eliminate the injuries in the field of Taekwondo, one should first refer to the structure of this sport in Khorasan Razavi province, and then to the surrounding environment and its affiliated organizations. Analyzed.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most important work-related diseases and hard working conditions in workshops and industries lead workers to experience these disorders. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its relationship with work ability index, job satisfaction, and job burnout among the workers of Isfahan Crystal and Glass Industry, Isfahan, Iran.

This descriptive-analytic study was a cross-sectional one employing 251 workers from Isfahan Crystal and Glass Industry and was conducted in 2021. The data were collected through Cronell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (CDMQ), Work Ability Index Questionnaire (WIA), Job Descriptive Index (JDI), and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). The collected data were then submitted to SPSS to be analyzed through descriptive and inferential (Spearman correlation) statistics. The significance level was decided to be less than 0.05 (P < 0.05).

45.4% of the participants had musculoskeletal discomfort in at least one limb and 63.7% had high level of job satisfaction. On the other hand, the participants had high level of job burnout (mean = 81.55) and intermediate level of work ability (mean = 36). Further, there were no significant correlations between musculoskeletal disorders and job burnout, and between musculoskeletal disorders and work ability (P < 0.050), whereas there was a significant correlation between musculoskeletal disorders and job satisfaction (P < 0.050).

Less than half of the participants had musculoskeletal disorders. The significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and job satisfaction was negative; the higher the level of job satisfaction, the lower the level of musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, interventional and corrective measures are highly recommended to prevent these disorders.

Today, the sports industry is known through modern technology, especially in the field of manufacturing sports tools and equipment. The present study uses correlation and applied methodology, which was done in the field using Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). The statistical population included producers of sports products, of which 320 producers from Iran were considered through available sampling. Morris (2002) Standard Entrepreneurial Marketing Questionnaire, Moghimi Market Orientation (2011), Noh and Fitzsimmons Information Technology (1999), and Azizi (2011) Financial Performance Questionnaire were used to collect data. Finally, 292 questionnaires were received physically and electronically. The results showed that entrepreneurial marketing and market orientation had a direct and indirect effect (mediated by technology) on financial performance and they significantly affected the financial performance. Finally, the model had the goodness of fit. In general, manufacturers who adopted a combination of entrepreneurial marketing strategy and information technology had better and more rational financial performance by taking advantage of attractive entrepreneurial opportunities. According to the research results, it is suggested that manufacturers provide the consumers with superior value by paying attention to the market orientation and innovation, to enable the company to achieve a competitive advantage.

 A high error rate among laboratory staff leads to accidents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender, work experience, age, and job stress on the number of errors and work speed in laboratory employees. 

 This cross-sectional study was performed on 32 laboratory staff via census method. The instruments used in this study were the General Health Questionnaire Mental Health Questionnaire, demographic questionnaire capturing age, gender, work experience, and level of education, and Health and Safety Executive Job Stress Questionnaire in England. A precision targeting vibrometer was used to measure the speed and number of errors. Independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test as well as Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationship between the parameters using SPSS software version 26. 

 The mean and standard deviation of age, work experience, and job stress were 43.56 ± 7.80 years, 205.68 ± 107.43 months, and 132.59 ± 12.55, respectively. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of the number of errors and work speed were 4.90 ± 4.09 and 14.27 ± 5.84, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between age and the number of errors. 

 The results indicated that gender, work experience, and job stress do not affect the number of errors and work speed in laboratory staff, but age affects the number of errors in employees, and the number of errors increases with age. Explaining the factors affecting the accuracy and speed of staff in the laboratory can lead to use of appropriate manpower and ultimately enhance productivity and reduce accidents in laboratories.

Today, the pervasiveness of the sports industry is considered as a tool for development in political, economic, social, cultural, etc.; therefore, the need to explain the factors affecting the growth and development of this tool can be effective in achieving the goals and strategic policies of countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the drivers of effective development of the sports industry using the futures research approach.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and nature-based on futuristic, analytical and exploratory methods that were performed qualitatively; it is also a method of collecting documentary and library information, and the required information was obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 28 qualified experts from all over the country, which included 9 drivers and 68 main indicators. To analyze the collected data, a 9-in-9 matrix cross-effects matrix was used by Mick Mac software.

The results showed that political and diplomatic drivers, specialization drivers and scientific and educational drivers as effective and influential drivers, will play an important role in system relations in the future. The future of Iran's sports industry depends on the development of these drivers, and these are the most important and influential indicators in the development of the sports industry.

According to the identified drivers, there is a need for those involved in the sports industry to put more education and diplomacy on their agenda.

This study aims was to designing a Model of personality trait and Entrepreneurship motivation on Medium and Small Businesses starting up with the role of mediation Awareness of entrepreneurship. The research was conducted by descriptive-correlation method and in the field. The statistical population of the study consisted of physical education students of Khorasan Razavi province. The statistical sample of the research was calculated based on Krejcie and Morgan table of 384 people and a questionnaire was distributed among them. To collect data, we use standard questionnaires personality trait, Entrepreneurship motivation, Medium and Small Businesses starting up & Awareness of entrepreneurship. The reliability of questionnaires, respectively, 0/84, 0/78, 0/86 and 0/76 respectively. For the test a research hypotheses, structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method using statistical software PLS. The result showed there is a significant impact of personality trait on Medium and Small Businesses starting up & Awareness of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship motivation on Medium and Small Businesses starting up & Awareness of entrepreneurship, also there is a significant impact of Awareness of entrepreneurship on Medium and Small Businesses starting up. It seems Awareness of entrepreneurship, personality trait & Entrepreneurship motivation of students to factor in is the Medium and Small Businesses starting up.

The aim of this study was to identify the mental patterns of experts regarding the effective factors to increase the level of media literacy of physical education teachers in virtual education. The present study was applied from the perspective of purpose and of mixed type with the framework of interpretive-positivist paradigm. In the first stage, library resources, writing, articles and interviews with 21 sports management specialists, physical education teachers, experts, assistants and education managers of Mashhad city were used to identify the terms Q. After this stage, it was time to identify the mentalities with a quantitative method and with the help of Q factor analysis technique. In the present study, the number of participants was 26 who arranged the Q expressions. Findings identified five mental patterns of skill-seekers, feature-seekers, educators, specialists and individual factors that are effective in increasing the level of media literacy of physical education teachers. It was generally concluded that a prioritization or continuum could be given to the identified mental patterns. In order to develop media literacy, first of all, the mental model of educators should be considered. The mental model of the possessors can also be prioritized, and both the mental model of the specialist and the individual factors can be put on the same level, because the specialization will occur when the previous factors are observed. In a general conclusion, it should be stated that teachers should be encouraged to use new methods of physical education teaching in order to increase media literacy

The present study investigates the role of aesthetic dimensions of the place and the tendency of costumers to the sport in physical fitness and aerobics clubs in Mashhad. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consisted of customers of Mashhad fitness and aerobics clubs. Considering correlational studies, 250 persons were selected (randomly) as the samples. Then two questionnaires of Soleimanichr('39')s Aesthetic Dimensions (2012) and Gilchr('39')s Sport Participation Motivation Questionnaire (1983) were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were 0.71 and 0.82, respectively. The results showed that the most important aesthetic component of "color" is in the first priority and the "environment" component is in the last priority. In terms of forecasting the tendency of customers to sports, It can be said that 43% of the changes in tendency to sports is related to aesthetic variable (P<0.05). The dimensions of aesthetics can have a positive and significant effect equal to 0.77 on tendency to sports. Considering the changing of todaychr('39')s customer’s attitude regarding the use of equipped and modern sports spaces with exclusive spaces and modern style, applying aesthetic dimensions can be useful for customer satisfaction, assurance of their loyalty, as well as the tendency of people to sports and sports clubs.

This study aimed to design smart class board authomatically adjustable to height and assess its effect on of users' posture.

This interventional study evaluated the effects of smart board application on users' posture while using non-smart boards, as well as smart boards, based on Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method.The study population included the professors and students of Isfahan University of Medical sciences. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version20), and a value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

According to the results of the presents study, 54.5% of participants required a necessary corrective measure (as soon as possible) in the application of upper part of non-smart boards, and were placed at the third level of corrective measure priorotization . In addition, the assessment of users' postures while using the middle part of board indicated that in nonsmart boards, 90.9% of subjects were at the second level of corrective measure priorotization, while this value dropped to 4.5% in using smart boards. On the other hand, users' postures while using the lower part of the board was assessed and revealed that 18.2% of participants were at the second level of corrective measure priorotization, while there was no need for corrective measures in use of smart boards.

The obtained results of posture assessment by REBA method in this study indicated a substantial risk in using non-smart boards. Accordingly, it is suggested that this new technology be used to prevent musculoskeletal disorders

The most important performance of a hand when performing a task is to grip and apply force to do manual work. Grip and pinch strength are the most important factors affecting the performance of hand.The reaction time is the time interval between the stimulus presentation and the emergence of the response.Considering the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders due to the disproportion of work with the worker and the engagement of a large number of workers in activities that require gripping, we decided to study the relationship between reaction time, age, gender and body mass index and their influence on grip and pinch strength. This cross-sectional study was performed on 60 public affairs staff of Isfahan School of Health by using simple random sampling. To determine reaction time and grip and pinch strength, respectively, reaction timer, dynamometer and pinch gauge were used. Finally, data analysis was done using SPSS 20 software, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient were used and P < 0.05 was considered as meaningful. The findings of the study indicate that there is a reverse relationship between simple reaction time and gripand pinch strength in both hands (P < 0.05) and discriminative reaction time with grip (P = 0.047) and pinch (P = 0.03) strength in right hand. There was also no relationship observed between discriminative reaction time and grip (P = 0.10) and pinch (P = 0.07) strength in left hand and there was no relationship between choice reaction time with grip and pinch strength in both hands (P > 0.05). Also, with the increase in body mass index, the left hand grip strength (P = 0.049) and left (P = 0.02) and right (P = 0.01) hand pinch strength have increased. The mean force of grip and pinch strength was significantly higher in males than in females in both left and right hands (P < 0.001), but there was no significant relationship between age and grip and pinch strength in both hands (P > 0.05). According to the results, in occupations that require high grip and pinch strength it is preferable to use men and people with a high percentage of attention to prevent WMSDs.

A person can perform heavy activities easier when he has high aerobic capacity. Measuring hand grip is a cheap and easy way to measure muscle strength. This study aims at evaluating the effect of physical work capacity (PWC) and gender on hand grip strength in the youth. This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 young people (19-29 years old) by means of simple random sampling. To assess the PWC, grip and pinch strength and endurance, the step test (McArdle method), dynamometer, and pinch gauge were used, respectively. Data analysis was carried out using independent-samples t-test and paired-samples t-test via SPSS software. P-value < 0.050 was considered significant. Findings: PWC, grip and pinch strength and endurance in men were higher than women (P < 0.050). Meanwhile, PWC in men and women affected only the pinch strength and grip endurance, respectively (P < 0.050). In jobs that require high pinch strength and grip endurance, it is necessary to employ those with high PWC, so that the irreparable damages caused by incongruity between the job and the worker could be prevented or reduced. In general, gender should be considered as an important factor in employing workers in different jobs

Grip force measurement is one of the key parameters of ergonomics. Effective factors on the grip force sometimes causes cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) in patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of anti-vibration gloves, coldness, and vibration on grip force strength in controlled laboratory condition.
This was a cross-sectional study on 30 workers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. In order to measure the force of grip, the JAMAR dynamometer was used, as advised by the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT). To achieve a level of grip force, participants were asked to press the dynamometer with all force. The grip force was read from the dynamometer screen grip in kilograms force. To study the combined effect of the above factors on grip strength 18 blend modes were tested.
Findings: There was an inverse relationship between the vibration and grip strength. In addition, at low temperatures, the grip strength reduced. Different anti-vibration gloves had different effects on reducing grip force. Coldness, vibration, and anti-vibration gloves had significant effects on grip strength (P 0.050 for all) with a correlation coefficient of 0.172, -0.363, and -0.602, respectively.
Wearing gloves had greatest impact on reducing grip force and strength. After that, vibration was the second factor in reducing grip force. In addition, reducing the temperature would reduce grip force.