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Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importance. Scientists and experts in social sciences have considered several factors effective on criminal justice, among which principles such as the principle of acquittal and the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, as well as the personal nature of criminal responsibility, are important, but criminal responsibility is of particular importance among them. It is necessary to carry out serious scrutiny in this regard and conduct ethical attitudes towards criminal justice, especially collaborative criminal justice, in a scientific manner. Ignoring the areas of moral responsibility in the field of criminal justice violates the right of those referring to the judicial system and causes injustice. Therefore, paying attention to the character and human dignity of people is a necessity of collaborative criminal justice. The present article deals with the ethical attitudes in the field of collaborative criminal justice with a library method and has answered many unknowns in this regard.

Analytical policies of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012 on the basis of post-modern criminology components in contemporary IranAbstract:This article aims to investigate the analytical policies of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1392 on the basis of the components of postmodern criminology in contemporary Iran with a descriptive and analytical method. The starting point of the discussion is the answer to this question: basically, what components is the postmodern criminological reading of the concept of crime and punishment based on, and to what extent are these components aligned or inconsistent with the provisions of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013. The findings indicate that the components of postmodern criminology include; Non-acceptance of legal assumptions, meta-narratives and Sharia rituals, non-acceptance of criminalization in order to protect a particular ideology or strengthen the ruling power, non-acceptance of gender, religious, racial segregation and discriminatory crimes are criminalization. research results; showed that the concept of crime and punishment in the Islamic Penal Code of Iran in the assumptions of the Islamic Penal Code such as; Divine limits, retribution and diat, as well as biased, ideologically oriented criminalization, white-collar criminalization without regard to white-collar crimes; It will be against the components of postmodern criminology.Keywords: crime, Islamic Penal Code, postmodern criminology, punishment

According to the law of criminal procedure, judicial authorities should deal with the matter as soon as possible and avoid any action that prolongs the proceedings. Today, there is a general rule and principle in proceedings and it is said that it is accepted by international documents and it is conventional and reasonable, and this rule and principle is that the process of proceedings should be carried out in a reasonable and conventional period of time, which has a favorable effect. and guarantee the rights of each party. It is also believed that the delay in the implementation of justice is considered a form of injustice. On the other hand, today we are talking about economic proceedings, and in this type of proceedings, it is desired to have the lowest cost. One of the significant costs in the proceedings is the cost and financial burden of the proceedings, and the other is the cost of the proceedings. In many cases, time is considered as the most important and fundamental issue and factor and can be evaluated. In other words, the benefit of the proceedings and its effectiveness and efficiency is in the speed of the proceedings. One of the issues that is effective and significant in prolonging the criminal proceedings is the issue of absentee proceedings. In this article, the existing laws in this field and the effective factors in the prolongation of the judicial process regarding absentee proceedings are examined and this issue is examined. An important issue that is considered and investigated in this research is that by examining the issue in jurisprudence and the existing laws and the previous laws and comparing them, are the existing laws in the current situation regarding absentee proceedings in criminal matters effective in prolonging the judicial process and the role of They have and cause the time of criminal proceedings to be extended and prolonged, which is one of the reasons for the delay of the proceedings, and as a result, it causes a delay in the execution of justice and each of the parties attaining their legal rights.

Decriminalization in petty crimes is one of the important issues of criminal law that is a subject of debate and opinion. The purpose of this article is to examine the challenges and solutions of decriminalization in petty crimes.
This article is descriptive and analytical. Materials and data are also qualitative and data collection was used in collecting materials and data.
Ethical Considerations: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed.
The findings indicate that in Iran's criminal law, no special approach has been taken to decriminalize petty crimes. Conflict in legislation, multiplicity and plurality of legislative authorities, weakness of expertise and specialization, individualism and application of personal preferences and traditional approach in criminal legislation of extreme criminalization are among the important challenges to the decriminalization of petty crimes in Iran. Reforming the structure of the country's judicial system, revising the amendment of laws and regulations, and implementing decriminalization in different ways are among the most important methods of decriminalization in petty crimes
Decriminalization of petty crimes plays an important role in reducing the volume of incoming cases to judicial authorities. It is necessary for the legislator to adopt a suitable approach in this regard.

Government employees and agents as the executive arm of the government may commit crimes in line with their job duties that cause Weakening or depriving the public of trust in governments, so in this study, while examining the nature of these crimes, we seek to implement the criminal policy of Islamic and Iranian criminal law in the financial crimes of government employees.This research has been done in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically.A progressive criminal policy seeks to minimize the criminal phenomenon or, ideally, to remove it from society. The realization of this important issue depends on the use of the facilities, capacities and pillars of society, and the effective and efficient participation of civil society in this regard can have a huge and tremendous impact on its realization. Iran's criminal policy in the legislative, judicial and executive types in relation to specific crimes of government employees is of the type of government repression. But the criminal policy of Islam, which is based on a religious and doctrinal view and is inferred from the Qur'an and hadiths, in the face of corruption, contrary to repressive models that seek the participation of civil society to suppress, seeks to take advantage of the participation and role of civil society for rehabilitation and It is a correction.

The immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to establish criminal courts between Has created a special international. In parallel with the escalation of large-scale international crime, especially during World War II and the subsequent establishment of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, the principle of immunity of high-ranking government officials from international crime faced many challenges, culminating in Considered the formation of criminal courts related to the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and finally the adoption of the Rome Statute to establish the International Criminal Court. Although the legal and judicial procedure of the Court indicates the non-acceptance of immunity arising from official position due to the commission of international crimes, but the descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows the existence of serious challenges and limitations before the Court in performing its legal duties. They can be attributed to the role of political considerations, incompatibility in rulings with acts committed, non-cooperation of member states in cooperating with the Court for various reasons, limitations on the jurisdiction and type and timing of acts committed, as well as restrictions on the relationship between the Court and The UN Security Council noted.

The inadequacy of imprisonment and the increasing importance of citizenship rights, including liberty, has led thinkers in criminal law to offer some alternatives to imprisonment that not only punish the defendant but also minimize the ill effects of being imprisoned. This study aimed to address the following research question: how effective are alternative punishments to imprisonment under Iran and international criminal laws, and what would be solutions to their potential challenges? This was an analytical, descriptive study. The library method was also used to deal with the research question. Under international criminal law, all people, including prisoners, should be treated with regard for human dignity, and it rejects imposing inappropriate punishments. In the same way, Iranian legislator, specifically in the penal code 2013, has offered such alternatives as conditional discharge, providing public services, suspension, and substitution of punishment to imprisonment. However, it presents several challenges. The biggest one is the lack of suitable infrastructures to meet defendants' punishments. Our work has led us to conclude that social and economic infrastructures must carry out such a sentence as a conditional discharge.

Crime and criminal behavior can occur under the influence of various environmental and personality factors. One of the personality traits that is especially important in adolescents is the level of arousal and reaching the optimal level of arousal, which may pose risks for them and is considered as an accusation and ultimately a crime. The aim of this study was to determine the excitement of children and adolescents in Yasuj and its relationship with crime.

This study is a descriptive-analytical and comparative study, which was performed on a sample of 160 children and adolescents of the Correctional Center, Welfare Organization and Yasuj schools in two groups of 80 people (case, control), by sample method. Objective sampling was selected based on purpose and evaluated with demographic and excitement questionnaires of Rousseau children and adolescents. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.

The results showed that the age of the sample group was between 10 and 18 years and their highest crime was theft (41.2%) and conflict (32.6%). In addition, there was a significant difference between children and adolescentschr) excitement with crime (P <0.05), and there was a significant relationship between excitement components such as excitement, adventure and social deterrence, children and adolescents and crime (P <0.05). 0.05), was observed.

Prevention of offenses, especially child offenses, is a major subject of criminology. This article aimed to investigate the prevention of children crimes in Shiraz using international instruments. This article was a survey, and its statistical population consists of 255 Law students in Shiraz. The sample size was determined by the Cochran formula (152 people). A questionnaire was used to gather the data. Expert views were used to confirm the nominal and content validities. The Cronbach’s alpha was estimated to be higher than 0.7, which indicates the internal consistency of the questionnaire and a confirmation of its reliability. Data were analyzed by one-sample t-Test and SPSS software. The findings suggested that international laws have focused on crime prevention. The United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, held every five years, stresses the rule of law and non-criminal crime prevention through the participation and collaboration of NGOs and popular organizations. As international laws suggest, the most important crime prevention method which best applies to children crime prevention is non-criminal prevention based on community- and growth-oriented prevention.

Actions such as protest, turmoil, rebellion are often shaped by acts such as social, political, cultural, economic failures and failures. These actions, sometimes peaceful and sometimes with destruction, damage and undermine public safety, Typically, an announcement of dissatisfaction with the status quo is aimed at opposing the rule or changing it. Although the substrates of the three categories are identical, But from the criminal point of view, they have the same essence. As the jurisprudence and the law look different in their case. As a result, peaceful protest rallies are not basically a crime, But also a legitimate right. Security-disruptive actions are also graded And they are different in terms of grounds for criminalization. The conspiracy of Pasargadae, viewed from the viewpoint of public security custodians, was considered to be hideous and deviant And, from the perspective of the stewards of that civil protest, it is one of the actions that necessitate a criminological analysis. And should be studied in an impartial study. This research is an attempt in the same direction as trying to delimit the above titles, Turn your situation on.

Creating an organization that is responsible for providing social security and defending the border and its continuity, is obvious. Therefore, each society, according to the different needs and cultural, economic and social conditions, has started to form a military and law enforcement organization with certain duties and missions, which are characterized by order, discipline, rule of law and observance of the command hierarchy. It is a principle that military commanders are held criminally responsible for failing to prevent violations of international humanitarian law by subordinate agents and for intentionally committing certain acts. For this reason, in international criminal jurisprudence, on the one hand, the existence of criminal responsibility for the type of command encouraging illegal actions of subordinates, as well as the mistake of simply not using deadly weapons by military commanders as a factor of exemption from criminal responsibility have been accepted. The present article is descriptive-analytical in nature and method, which is done using a library study method in which various aspects related to the principles of criminal responsibility of superiors and inferiors in the field of border duties have been done. Because respect for the borders of countries is a concern that little violation of which is the subject of disciplinary and criminal responsibilities. Also, by linking the issues of responsibility with border or border missions, which in the position of protecting territorial integrity have a justifiable general rule in performing their duties, criminal responsibility can be found to be so small and limited by combining with the conditions of this responsibility. Departing from borders and border duties is a factor for including the criminal responsibility of commanders and subordinates, and in this regard, the existence of a legal matter without the possibility of contradicting certain principles can be considered a factor for criminal responsibility of commanders and not subordinates.

Crime is a behavior consisted of either doing or not doing of an action that is against the social order, on the one hand, and exposes the society to risks and damages, on the other hand, for its disruption of the social order. As an alternative to imprisonment, decarceration has always been amongst the principles related to citizenship rights taken into accounts also in the religious texts. The present study aims at the study of two legal systems, i.e. Iran and England’s, for the investigation of the incarceration-replaceable penalties and alternatives for the foresaid legal systems represent the Roman-German and Common Law systems, respectively.

The study has been conducted based on documentary and library research method through the use of note-taking.

Nowadays, no jurist can deny the accomplishments of the comparative laws that support the citizenship rights. In order to exploit the positive experiences of the other countries regarding the veneration of the citizens’ social and individual rights and freedoms, England’s legal system has been chosen for comparison with Iran’s for the enforcement of the incarceration-replaceable penalties is done under certain conditions as ruled in the laws of this country.

In sum, Iran and England’s legal systems differ a lot concerning the incarceration alternatives. Apart from the existence of numerous stages that can relieve the criminal from incarceration before the court’s trial of the crime, it is necessary in the law system of England for the discounting and suspending factors to be enforced in the best possible way to the maximum possible extent in such a way that even passing a job-learning course in the adolescents’ correction centers with a high discipline score can exempt a robber from imprisonment. It can be vividly understood that the observance of the citizens’ rights has been the focal point of England’s laws and that their rights and freedoms matter even when in prison. Considering the fact that England’s jurists have succeeded in enacting the regulations of incarceration alternatives earlier than Iran, they have more information and more experiences in contrast to the Iranian jurists regarding the extent to which each of the penalties might be effective.

It is for long that mass media publish stories on heavy fraud and financial crimes and trials for financial corruption. Money laundering, as one of the organized crimes, plays a key role in continuation of original crimes. The reason why money laundering is considered a crime and what logical reasons account for its criminalization have been paid little attention. This is most peculiar with general tendency toward diversion. This paper intends to restudy fundamentals of money laundering by presentation of various criminalization models such as “equilibrium” and “filtration” and its conformity with fundamentals of money laundering criminalization in a bid to prove why it is necessary to consider money laundering as a crime.

This thesis aims to investigate phenomena and provide scientific solutions to prevent domestic violence and murder, Control and treatment of this phenomenon, using library resources and descriptive content analysis have been written. Every man for a better life and achievement of peace requires that the home is the best place. Family members, brings security and peace and religious particularities and cultural passed to future generations. Violence , actions and behaviors that can be done on hostility and intentional harm to humans and objects.. What a wonderful family murders will increase the nature and function Family and philosophy that seems to be the most severe forms of violence and murder is a crime that is completely at odds.family the voluntary action of its formation, and the first in the minds of all those Building a safe place to keep members and their biological needs, when violence becomes a murder scene, head to the judgment in the performance of its functions leads to a new family is poor. So that it is no longer able to effectively meet the critical needs of the life of its members, so frustrated and unsatisfied needs of family members, leading to tension and ultimately murder. Given that today’s generation is expected to be able to train and develop the next generation of safe and efficient, the importance of dealing with violence, murders of family problems Related to investigate and explore further.