m akbari

In terms of water consumption in different sectors, in Iran as in other countries, a significant part of surface and groundwater resources is used in agricultural sector. For the amount of water consumed in Iran's agricultural sector, different numbers have been reported in various sources. In the past three decades, water consumption in agricultural sector in various sources and methods has been reported between 44 and 86 billion cubic meters (Movaheddanesh, 1994; Ghodratnema, 1998; Mohammad-Vali-Samani, 2005; Nasseri et al., 2017; 2018). The physical water productivity is also one of the important indicators of irrigation management, which is determined by using the amount of product produced per unit of applied irrigation water. Abbasi et al. (2017) estimated and analyzed water productivity values in Iran for different years. They estimated the values of water productivity varying from 0.94 to 1.29 kg/m3 and average being 1.07 kg/m3. Abbasi et al. (2019) also showed that water productivity index in Iran had an upward trend with a slope of 0.045 kg per year. It varied from 1.0 kg/m3 in 2008 to about 1.45 kg/m3 in 2017. Past researches regarding the estimation of water consumption in agricultural sector have been reported with estimation methods such as water balance method, which is not accurate and is associated with errors. On the other hand, the figures presented for the amount of water consumed in agricultural sector are very different and there are doubts about their accuracy. Despite the importance of the issue, accurate information on the amount of irrigation water for agricultural crops in different regions of Iran is not available and this issue has always been one of the main concerns of the water industry managers and planners. Therefore, carrying out a research work that lead to more accurate numbers about the amount of applied irrigation water for different crops, can be of great help to the decision-making of officials related to water and agriculture. Therefore, the main goal of this article is a comprehensive evaluation of water management indicators in agricultural sector (including the water productivity and applied irrigation water for different crops).

Field measurements including applied irrigation water and crop yield were carried out for at least one cropping season in the production hubs of each crop. The studied crops include 12 agricultural crops (wheat, rice, barley, fodder corn, alfalfa, sugar beet, sugar cane, beans, sunflower, cotton, rapeseed, soybean), 17 garden crops (saffron, apple, olive, orange, tangerine, peach, nectarine, plum, lemon, fig, grape, date, pomegranate, walnut, almond, pistachio, cherry) and 6 vegetable and summer crops (tomato, watermelon, potato, cucumber, melon, onion). These crops covered more than 85% of the cultivated area and irrigated lands in different provinces. For each crop, applied irrigation water was measured in a crop season and the yield for one year or the average of two years, but for garden plants, due to climate changes and frost that affect the yield, the average yield of 1-3 years was determined and used in the analysis. Physical water productivity of irrigation water from the ratio of crop yield to applied irrigation water and water productivity from the ratio of crop yield to water (total volume of irrigation water and effective precipitation) and gross income per unit of applied irrigation water was calculated from the product of crop yield in the sales price divided by the applied irrigation water. In this research, the cluster analysis model was used to determine the homogeneous crops.

The results showed that applied irrigation water for different crops varies from 3984 for rapeseed to 32500 cubic meters per hectare for sugarcane. So that the weighted average applied irrigation water of 35 studied crops was determined to be 8032 cubic meters per hectare.This index was 9162, 7669 and 7247 cubic meters per hectare, respectively, for garden, agricultural, vegetable and summer crops. Also, the total applied water used for the 35 studied crops was estimated at 61.7 billion cubic meters and the total irrigation water for other crops that were not evaluated in this research was estimated at 9.4 billion cubic meters. The total water used in irrigated crops is estimated at 71.1 billion cubic meters, which is about 70% of the total renewable water in Iran. The weighted average of irrigation water productivity and water productivity of the studied crops was determined as 1.9 and 1.5 kg/m3, respectively. Saffron and pistachio provided the highest gross income per unit of irrigation water and sugarcane, soybean, barley, fodder corn, wheat and alfalfa had the lowest values.

The results of this research provide valuable information for managers and decision makers in different provinces of Iran.

The agricultural sector depends largely upon water and energy resources to fulfill sufficient water for producing adequate food for the rapidly growing world’s population. It requires great effort to improve water and energy productivity for agricultural products to provide consumers’ health as well as environmental protection. In this study, the volume of irrigated water, crop yield, water productivity, and the consumed energy for onion crops irrigated with sprinkler or surface irrigation methods under farmer management were measured and compared. The measurements were recorded from 2020 to 2021, on 17 farms across Esfahan Province where onion was a main crop in the region. The measured data from the foregoing two irrigation methods were statistically analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The outcomes revealed that the volume of irrigated water as well as crop yield was greater for surface irrigation method compared to sprinkler irrigation, and the differences were statistically significant. Moreover, water productivity for onions irrigated with a sprinkler irrigation system was significantly higher (p<0.01) in comparison with onions irrigated with the surface method. In addition, the results indicated a significantly direct correlation between the volume of irrigated water and onion yield, whereas a significantly indirect correlation was observed between the volume of irrigated water and water productivity. A significantly inverse correlation was found between the productivity of energy for irrigation and energy consumption; so, an increase in the energy for irrigation resulted in a decrease in energy productivity. Based on the results of this study, the sprinkler method is more effective than the surface for irrigation of onion.

This research studied different tools with different cone angles to produce brass wires using the friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) method. The cone angle of the tool is one of the most influential parameters in the production of brass wires. First, to determine the appropriate cone angle, the FSBE process is modeled using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method. The simulation results showed that increasing the cone angle increases the heat generated and reduces the force on the tool. Also, to be more precise, the mechanism of heat production during the process was numerically modeled to verify the simulation results. The cross-sectional images of the wires produced showed that only tools with a cone angle of 35 ° could produce flawless wires. The microstructural results showed that the grain size in the center of the wire was 20.24 microns, which is larger than the size in the wire periphery, which was 16.88 microns. This microstructural deviation is mainly affected by the strain and the temperature.

In the present study the dynamic behavior of a piezoelectric flow micro sensor based on vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) is investigated. This sensor is made by a cantilever beam, piezoelectric layer and a cylinder at free end which is used to measure the fluid velocity. The proposed VIV sensors have nonlinear dynamic behavior for different flow velocities therefore in designing VIV micro sensors obtaining linear operational working range is an important parameter. In this paper the dynamic behavior of micro flow sensors based on the modified couple stress theory (MCST) is investigated and linear operational working span is derived. The coupled governing equations of silicon based and piezoelectric layer cantilever beam, gauss electric and Van der pol equation are derived. Utilizing the derived equations the dynamic behavior of the micro sensor on the basis of parameters such as damping coefficient, cantilever beam length, material length scale parameter and tip cylinder mass is analyzed. The operational work range of the micro sensor, the acceptable linear behavior domain and error of linear behavior assumption of the device is investigated. According to the results the maximum linearization error is 3.5%. In addition to that reduction in cantilever beam length and tip cylinder mass increase the operational working range of the micro sensor. Analyzing the effect of damping coefficient on the dynamic behavior of micro flow sensor show that increasing the damping coefficient decreases the beam deflection and output voltage, but has no effect on the operational working span of the system and in order to obtain precise output from this sensor the damping coefficient must be reduced. Findings indicate that parameters which make the device behave stiffer such as reduction in beam length or tip cylinder mass or considering non-classical stresses gives a wider acceptable voltage range at higher flow velocities for the micro sensor.

In this research, the uranium recovery from Zagros region phosphate ore by calcination and acid extraction technology has been investigated. Also, the effect of different parameters on calcination and dissolution of uranium was investigated. The results showed that calcination temperature and calcination time as calcination factors; Also, leaching temperature, dissolution time, ore particle size, acid concentration, and liquid-to-solid ratio are important factors in uranium recovery from ore. Optimum operating parameters were established as follows: calcination temperature: 900 °C, calcination time: 2h; leaching temperature: 80 °C, leaching time: 4h, particle size: smaller than 100 microns, the concentration of sulfuric acid: 4M and liquid to the solid ratio: 3/1 mL/g. Under these conditions, uranium extraction efficiency from phosphate ore of the Zagros region was 84%.

One of the most fundamental global environmental challenges in the past two decades has been the issue of soil pollution and degradation. Soil, as an important environmental element, has played a significant role in food production, human health, and living organisms, but various factors, by both human and naturally have destroyed it. The exploitation of natural resources with activities such as mining and quarrying, as an anthropogenic action (caused by human activities), is one of the most important factors of human intervention in nature and also one of the environmental hazards of soil degradation, which has caused the spread of desertification. Sangan iron mines in Khaf city are the largest mines in the northeast of Iran. According to the geomorphological disturbances caused by the activity of Khaf iron ore mines and the geological composition of the region, there is a potential for causing pollution and destroying the soil around the mine. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the impact of mining activity on concentration of some heavy metals such as lead, iron, nickel, copper, and arsenic in the soil around the iron ore mine in Sangan area of Khaf city in Khorasan Razavi province. Realizing the polluted hotspots due to the concentration of heavy metals, as one of the important signs of soil pollution and the spread of desertification, is one of the goals of this research, and the results can be effective in making appropriate management decisions to prevent soil pollution and further destruction.

In order to conduct this research, 60 soil samples were systematically taken from a depth of 0-20 cm from two areas adjacent to the mine and control. The concentration of aqua regia extracted heavy metals was measured using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). In the first stage, the results were descriptive, and in the second part, after performing tests related to the normality of the data, they were inferential using the parametric independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient in the statistical environment of the SPSS software. In order to quantify the level of soil contamination with heavy metals, geochemical indices including contamination factor, pollution load index, and enrichment factor were used. The pollution load zoning map of the area adjacent to the mine as well as the average enrichment map of lead and arsenic elements were prepared using the inverse distance weighting interpolation method in the ArcGIS environment.

The results of this research showed that the average concentrations of arsenic, copper, nickel, lead, and iron elements in the area near the mine were 12.71, 25.54, 34.59, 48.64, and 38860 mg/kg and in the control area were 8.57, 15.97, 32.13, 16.96, 29110 mg/kg, respectively. The comparison of the coefficient of variation (dispersion criterion) of heavy metals showed that the highest coefficient of variation among the metals is related to the lead with a value of 42.8%, as well as the coefficient of variation for other metals in the area adjacent to the mine also has a relatively high dispersion compared to the control area. In addition, it was found in all elements except for nickel (p<0.05), which indicates a significant difference in the average concentrations between the control area and the area adjacent to the mine. The correlation between lead element and nickel, copper and arsenic variables was inverse and there was a positive and very strong correlation between iron and copper and nickel with values of 0.8 and 0.76 respectively and nickel and copper with values of 0.82. The pollution coefficient of the lead elements in the area adjacent to the mine showed moderate to significant pollution levels, which is more polluted than other elements. The pollution load in the area near the mine showed that the value of this index was greater than one in the samples closer to the mining areas, which indicates the high contamination of the surface soil with these elements. Lead and arsenic elements in the area adjacent to the mine showed moderate to relatively intense enrichment. From the examination of all the pollution indicators used in this research, as well as the positive and very strong correlation between copper and nickel, the presence of these two elements in the soil of the study area showed no pollution. The comparison of the results obtained from the analysis of soil samples in the two areas of the control and adjacent to the mine showed an increase in the concentration of heavy metals (iron, lead, and arsenic, copper) in the area adjacent to the mining.

The results obtained from the analysis of soil samples and pollution indicators in the two control areas adjacent to the Sangan iron ore mine in Khaf city showed that the presence of iron ore industrial and mining sites in the study area and the spread of its wastes and tailings by seasonal and local winds, as well as the activities of humanity and the spread of these pollutants to other areas, can be one of the main reasons for the increase in the concentration of metal pollutants in the soils of this region.

Our aim in this paper is to introduce and study five common definitions of chaos in discrete dynamical systems and compare them to each other on compact intervals.These five different definitions that describe chaos from different points of view are Li-Yorke chaos, topological chaos, ω-chaos, Block-Coppel chaos, and Devaney chaos.

The myth and thought of the upper body, which has an ancient root, can be an allusion to the human desire to remain invulnerable, immortal and eternal life, and it reveals the human need for immortality and bravery. Man, as a living being, when he realized that death and nothingness threatens his life, he decided to find a way to get rid of death. This issue created the ideal of immortality and the appearance of the body became the long-standing desire to remain immortal. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between the element of water and Esfandiar's physical appearance in comparison to Siegfried and Achilles.

The current research is a theoretical study that was carried out in a descriptive and analytical way.

Some bodies are transformed by gods and superhuman beings with elements such as water and fire. In the myths of nations, there are many stories of super-body myths that often share many points, and one of these commonalities is the role of water in the super-body. Esfandiar has a special place in the Shahnameh with his mythological, religious, heroic, and epic role. The most important physical superiority of Esfandiar is the prophetic breathing in the water of Dahiti River by Zoroaster (a guardian and spiritual personality) that Esfandiar becomes a new body due to the spread of the Behi religion by washing himself in the holy water spring, and if during purification and washing his eyes It didn't close, it didn't have vulnerable parts and it remains eternal and immortal.

In comparing the physical appearance of Esfandiar, the Iranian hero, who had a human frame, with Siegfried, the hero of the German Nibelungen epic, who had a demigod example, and Achilles, the Greek hero, who had a godlike example, it is clear that Esfandiar's physical appearance is due to the following reasons. It has precedence over other mythological characters: 1) Esfandiar Pahlavi is a clean body; 2) Humanity is human; 3) He is a powerful prince; 4) His body is covered with holy water; (5) His bodily fluids have been sanctified by breathing prophetic breath; 6) His physical appearance was the reward for the spread of religion; 7) Holy water is a symbol of transformation and positive transformation; 8) Otenha was the person who chose Ruin-Teni.

The antioxidant activity of Bane (Pistacia atlantica) has been proved in different researches. This study evaluated the potential of Bane (Pistacia atlantica) essential oil (as a natural antioxidant) on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil. 

The essence of Bane was added to sunflower oil at concentrations of 200, 400,600,800, and 1,000 ppm. Tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone (TBHQ) was applied as synthetic antioxidant. All samples with the control were stored at 65 ̊C for 20 days. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used for the essence analysis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, rancimat, p-anisidine value (P-AnVs), and peroxide value (PV) were determined to assess the efficacy of differecnt concentration of essence (200, 400,600,800, and 1,000 ppm). Data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System (SAS) version 9 Software.

The essential oil yield was 0.1% v/w. The basic components of essence were monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Synthetic antioxidant had the highest scavenging activity, followed by the mixture sample. PVs were in the range of 19.56-20.73 milliequivalents (meq)/kg for the treated samples after 20 days, while it was 38.74 on the 20th day for the control. For all treatments, PV was increased with increasing storage time. P-AnVs were 8.58-17.14 for stabilized samples and 18.02 for control sample on the 20th day of storage. In all stages, control sample had the highest P-AnV. For all samples, P-AnV increased as a subject of storage time.

P. atlantica (Bane) essential oil had a stabilizing effect on sunflower oil and can be used as a natural antioxidant to stabilize edible oil during storage.

In the present study, the performance of a cylinder-based piezoelectric wind energy harvester attached to an elastic beam is numerically simulated. The wind flow perpendicular to beam axis causes an oscillatory aerodynamic force exerted on the beam tip. The beam and the piezoelectric layer are modeled as elastic continuous bodies, and the continuum governing equations of the solid and piezoelectric layers are extracted. Moreover, the induced lift force by the vortex shedding downstream of the cylinder is estimated by the modified van der Pol wake oscillator equation. The cantilever mode shapes and the Galerkin method is applied to solve the three transient and coupled equations of elastic deflection, electrical resistance and fluid force. Besides to verify the accuracy of the modified van der Pol equation, a moving object computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is also conducted. The effect of oscillator length, cylinder diameter, resistance load, structure and piezoelectric thickness as well as the wind speed on the produced power is investigated. According to the obtained results, by increasing of the cylinder diameter from 0.05 m by 100, 200 and 300 %, the output power is increased by 219, 801 and 1502 % at the wind speed of 5 m/s.

Housing is one of the basic and important dimensions of quality of life to achieve development, it is urban and regional stable and plays a vital role in the Economic development of Society. Since the need for housing is one of the most basic human needs, this research it was done with the aim of ranking the status of construction and housing industry in Iran.

In this retrospective study, the data of the construction and housing industry in 2018 was collected in 31 provinces of Iran through statistical yearbooks. Analysis the indicators of this industry using the preference selection index which is one of the latest multi-criteria decision-making techniques were carried out.

Tehran and Isfahan provinces were placed in the very preferred group with Preference selection index of 0.7076 and 0.5747 respectively, and the condition of building and housing indicators in these provinces was evaluated as good. The provinces of Bushehr, Golestan, Semnan, Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad were in the low preference group with Preference selection index of 0.0632, 0.0624, 0.0537, 0.0303 and 0.0276 respectively, and the condition of building and their housing was bad.

Preference selection index is a suitable method for ranking the situation Building and housing in Iran. The provinces of Tehran and Isfahan are best and Ilam and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad have the worst condition of buildings and housing.

In recent years, indirect methods such as remote sensing and data mining have been used to estimate soil salinity. In this research, the electrical conductivity of 94 soil samples from 0 to 100 cm was measured using the Hypercube technique in the Saveh plain. 23 types of input data were used in the form of topographic and spectral categories. Land area parameters such as the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Terrain Classification Index (TCI), Stream Power Index (STP), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and Length of Slope (LS) were considered as topographic inputs using Arc-GIS and SAGA software. Also, salinity spatial and vegetation indices were extracted from Landsat 8 images and were considered spectral inputs. The GMDH neural network was used to model salinity with a ratio of 70% for training and 30% for validation. The results showed that the soil salinity values were between 0.1 and 18 with mean and standard deviation of 5 and 4.7 dS/m, respectively. Also, the results of modeling indicated that the statistical parameters R2, MBE, and NRMSE in the training step were 0.80, 0.06, and 42.1%, respectively. The same values in the validation step were 0.79, 0.13, and 48.7%, respectively. Therefore, the application of spectral, topographic, and GMDH neural network indices for modeling soil salinity is effective.

In recent decades, the performance-based design of structures as a design philosophy has been implemented in many works. A performance-based design depends on the performance levels considered for the structure, and the design procedure is accomplished in such a manner that the respective defined demand and capacity of the structure are balanced. Consequently, an analysis should be carried out to specify the structural performance in terms of the deformation and strength capacity of that structure. Linear static approach is one of the approaches introduced in the guidelines for performance-based seismic evaluation of structures. This approach is superior to nonlinear and dynamic approaches due to the simplicity, high speed, and low computational burden of the related analysis method. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of this approach in the performance-based seismic design of structures. In other words, the purpose of this study is to define that to what extent the linear static approach including the linear static analysis and performance criteria corresponding to the analysis proposed in the guidelines is reliable for design of structures. Moreover, designing a structure with a trial and error process and without a systematic method may lead to attaining a non-economic design in which the design capacities are much more than the design needs. Therefore, for a more appropriate evaluation of the approach, the design of the structure should be done in an optimal manner to avoid the effects of the structure over design in the results. In this study, the optimal designs of two two-dimensional steel bending frames, including a six-story frame and a twelve-story frame, at the performance levels of immediate occupation (IO), life safety (LS), and collapse prevention (LS) at the risk level of one (the earthquake with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years) are separately determined according to the linear static approach. Genetic algorithm is employed for solving the optimization problem. Having determined the optimum designs of the frames at any performance level, the nonlinear static approach is used to evaluate the efficiency of the optimum designs. The results show that the optimal designs obtained based on the linear approach meet the criteria of nonlinear approach even at a more conservative level. It means that the performance constraints associated to the linear approach are strict enough to address implicitly the acceptance criteria associated to the nonlinear approach.

Urban parks and green spaces play a vital and important role in improving the quality of urban life and general health of citizens. The present study aimed to analyze the condition of indicators related to the green city in Shiraz metropolis using Merec and Edas techniques.

In the present quantitative study, the scope of the research was the regions of Shiraz metropolis in 2018, and 10 indicators related to urban parks and green spaces in 11 regions of Shiraz city were investigated. The required data was extracted from the Shiraz city statistics in 2018, and these data were weighted by Merec technique and used in Edas technique.

The highest final score of Edas technique was related to region 3, and the lowest score of Edas technique was related to region 8. Region 3 with a score of 0.929, region 10 with a score of 0.919, region 4 with a score of 0.761, and region 6 with a score of 0.706 had the highest scores. Region 8 of Shiraz metropolis had the lowest score with a score of 0.006. The average of the nearest neighborhood of the final Edas score of green city indicators in Shiraz metropolis was 1.760603, and the Z score was 4.825974, and it was scattered.

The final score of Edas technique of green city indicators in the eleven Regions of Shiraz metropolis in 2018 shows the inequality and imbalance in the studied Indicators.

Many columns that have been built in the past need to be repaired and strengthened for various reasons such as errors during construction, design errors, changes in the use of the building, changes in regulations, strong beam-weak column conditions and also injuries from accidents. Today, various methods for strengthening and improving structures, especially concrete columns, have become popular. One of the most common methods for reinforcing columns is to confine them using polymer fiber composites. The advantages of this method include increasing the axial and lateral bearing capacity of the column, increasing the compressive and tensile strength of the concrete member and increasing the ductility of the member. The mechanical properties of the concrete confined with FRP polymer fibers may be required for the purpose of design and rehabilitation. Artificial intelligence methods are among the modeling methods that have shown great power to coordinate with engineering problems. The aim of this study is to use multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and extreme learning machine (ELM) artificial intelligence models to estimate the compressive strength of concrete in circular concrete columns confined with FRP polymer fibers. In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of these models, the particle swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) is used in combination with these models and the accuracy of the models is evaluated to estimate the resistance. The results show that in overall, the used artificial intelligence models estimate the compressive strength of FRP- confined columns more accurately than the existing analytical models. In particular, the integrated MARS-PSO model has better performance compared to other models used, so that this model has a correlation coefficient of 0.9972 in the training stage and 0.9961 in the experimental stage. Also, the combination of PSO algorithm with MARS and ELM models improves their accuracy by 6.13 and 4.68 percent, respectively.

E-learning is a method for designing, , editing, presenting, and evaluating education that utilizes electronic capabilities and facilities to aid learning that educational institutions and learners have welcomed over the past three decades. However, because of the COVID-19 epidemic, e-learning has become the focus of wider public and political attention. Therefore, the study of learners' behavior in confrontation with e-learning and its various dimensions have been taken into consideration. In this research, the authors investigate the factors affecting the user's continued use of e-learning by utilizing the Information Systems Success Model and Flow Theory.

The present study is descriptive-correlative in terms of data collection method and applied research in terms of purpose. The variables of this research have been studied using a standard questionnaire. Furthermore, in this study, sampling was done using designed questionnaires distributed and filled out both online and physically among virtual students admitted to three universities in 2019 and before that (Tehran, Allameh Tabatabai, and Alzahra) located in Tehran. Finally, about 450 questionnaires were distributed in person and electronically among the virtual courses’ students of these three universities among which 23 questionnaires were either not returned or returned without answers, and about 30 cases were deleted due to being incomplete. On the whole, data from 390 questionnaires were analyzed in this study. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software.

The results of this study indicate complete confirmation of the four hypotheses and their significance (T-Value more than 1.96) and complete rejection of the four hypotheses (T-Value less than 1.96). Approved hypotheses include confirming the positive and significant effect of information quality on user satisfaction, service quality on user satisfaction, enjoyment on user satisfaction, user satisfaction on user, information quality on user intention, system quality on user intention, and enjoyment on user continues continuous intention to use e-learning systems. According to this analysis, the most influential factor in the user's continued intention to use e-learning systems is the user's enjoyment of using the e-learning system. In addition, enjoyment has the most significant impact on user satisfaction. The hypotheses that have not been confirmed include the effect of system quality on user satisfaction, the effect of concentration on user satisfaction, the effect of service quality on the user’s continued intention to use e-learning systems, and the effect of concentration on the user continued to use e-learning systems.

In this study, the researchers have evaluated and studied the main components affecting the subject of the study in the context of e-learning in Iran, specifically among students of virtual courses at three universities in Tehran. Researchers have identified satisfaction as the key factor influencing the user's continued intention to use e-learning systems. So, the researchers have have identified and studied the factors affecting user satisfaction in using e-learning. The satisfaction variable is considered as a mediating variable, and its impact on the user's continued intention to use e-learning systems has been examined. Among the factors affecting user satisfaction, information quality, service quality, system quality, enjoyment, and concentration have been studied. According to the results, system quality and concentration did not affect user satisfaction. Also, service quality and concentration on the user's continued intention to use e-learning systems have not been significant.

One of the influential components on the appearance of cities that plays an active role in the functional and aesthetic dynamics of the city is urban furniture. Urban furniture and beautification is one of the important elements to improve the quality of urban life.

Using Marcos technique, the indicators related to urban furniture and urban beautification in Isfahan metropolis have been analyzed. The research method was Quantitative and its data is adapted from the statistics of Isfahan metropolis in 2019. Using Shannon entropy model, the weight of urban furniture indices has been calculated and these weights have been used in Marcos technique. Using the final score of F (K) of Marcos technique, analyze the indicators studied in Isfahan metropolitan.

The value of Si coefficient for anti ideal (0.151) was obtained and the highest value of this coefficient belonged to region 1 (0.6794). The highest value of K- coefficient (505.4) and the highest value of K + coefficient (0.679) have been obtained, which belongs to region 1 of Isfahan metropolis. The lowest value of these coefficients belonged to 13 Region of Isfahan. Using Marcos technique, the final score of F (K) for Region 1 (0.666), Region 2 (0.283), Region 3 (0.648), Region 4 (0.473), Region 5 (0.503) Region 6 (0.649), Region 7 (0.488), Region 8 (0.465), Region 9 (0.387), Region 10 (0.482), Region 11 (0.397), Region 12 (0.524), region 13 (0.268), region 14 (0.325) and region 15 (0.328) have been obtained.

The final score of Marcos technique for urban furniture indicators in 15 Regions of Isfahan metropolis indicates inequality in the studied indicators.

In this study accuracy of the ANFIS and ANFIS-PSO models to estimate hydraulic jump characteristics including sequence depth ratio, the jump length, the roller length ratio, and relative energy loss was evaluated in stilling basin versus laboratory results. The mentioned characteristics were measured in the stilling basin with a rectangular cross-section with four different adverse slopes, four diameters of bed roughness, four heights of positive step, three Froude numbers, and four discharges. The average statistical parameters of NRMSE, CRM, and R2 for estimating hydraulic jump characteristics with the ANFIS model were 0.059, -0.001, and 0.989, respectively. While, the mean values of these parameters for the ANFIS-PSO model were 0.185, 0.002, and 0.957, respectively. The results indicated that these models were capable of estimating hydraulic jump parameters with high accuracy. However, the ANFIS model was moderately more accurate than the ANFIS-PSO model to estimate the sequence depth ratio, the jump length, the roller length ratio, and relative energy loss.

Debate about Genetically Modified Food (GMF) has received much attention in concurrence with the development of biotechnology. This paper examines consumers’ intentions towards GM food in Iran. Given the potential of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in shaping consumers’ behavior, relationships between CSR, trust, and health concerns with consumer intentions towards GM foods have been investigated rarely. This study used a moderated mediation analysis to understand how health concerns, trust in GM foods, and CSR perceptions affect consumer intentions towards GM foods. A survey study with 389 consumers indicates that health concerns reduce trust in GM foods, but trust exerts a positive influence on consumers’ intentions toward these products, thus playing a mediating role between health concerns and consumers’ intentions. More importantly, CSR perceptions magnify the positive effect of trust in GM foods on consumers’ intentions, thus offering evidence for a moderating role of CSR perceptions.

 

One of the components that affect the quality of urban life is indicators related to traffic and transportation equipment, and it is impossible to analyze issues related to sustainable development in cities without considering traffic and transportation indicators.

The present study is the analytical-comparative type, and using the multimoora technique has been analyzed indicators related to traffic and transportation equipment in 15 Regions of the Isfahan metropolis. The weights of the indicators related to traffic and transportation equipment in the Isfahan metropolis have been calculated through the Shannon entropy model. These weights have been used in the multimoora technique. Using three approaches of multimoora technique such as ratio system approach, reference point approach, complete multiplication approach, the analysis of indicators related to traffic equipment and transportation in Isfahan metropolis has been undertaken.

In the ratio system approach, the highest y-score belonged to Region 10 of Isfahan (0.4010), and the lowest score belonged to Region 11 of Isfahan (0.0278). The highest score of reference point approach belonged to Region 8 of Isfahan metropolis, and Regions 5, 11, 12 and 14 obtained the lowest score of reference point approach. In the complete multiplication approach, Isfahan metropolitan Region 6 had the highest score and Regions 5, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15 obtained the lowest score.

Investigating the differences in the scores obtained from the three approaches of multimoora technique, i.e., the ratio system approach, reference point approach, complete multiplication approach, and the combination of these three approaches using the dominance theory indicates the existence of inequality in traffic equipment and transportation in 15 Regions of Isfahan metropolis.

Preventive behaviors play an important role in reducing mortality caused by this disease. This study aimed to determine the application of the extended theory of planned behavior to predicting preventive behaviors against COVID-19.

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 416 university students were selected and examined through virtual networks through convenience and snowball sampling methods. The data collection tool was developed by the researcher-made questionnaire based on the extended theory of planned behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation test and linear regression by SPSS 18 software.

A positive and significant correlation was observed between the mean of all the studied theoretical constructs with preventive behaviors against COVID-19 (p<0.01). Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and perception of others' behavior predicted 43% of behavioral intention variance. Moreover, behavioral intention perceived behavioral control and perception of others’ behavior predicted 56% of preventive behaviors variance against COVID-19. Behavioral intention, attitude, perception of others' behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control had the greatest impact on COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

The extended theory of planned behavior can be used as an appropriate framework in designing educational interventions to promote preventive behaviors against COVID-19.

The current study was designed to compare the genes expression levels of MHC-П, IL-8 and IgM in the head kidney and liver (central organs), as well as gill tissue (mucosal surface) of juvenile rainbow trout. 

 Juvenile rainbow trout were immunized with gamma-irradiated and formalin inactive trophonts with/without alginate nanoparticles against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. On day 20 after bath-immunization, fish in all the treatments, except negative control, were exposed to live trophonts. On the 30th day, fish tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR. 

 The IL-8 expression up-regulated in the kidney, hepatic and gill of immunized fish with irradiated and formalin inactive trophonts plus alginate nanoparticles and non-immunized fish challenged with live trophonts (P<0.05). The MHC-II showed up-regulation in gill and kidney of immunized fish and non-immunized fish challenged with live trophonts while hepatic MHC-П was up-regulated in immunized fish with formalin inactive trophonts plus alginate nanoparticles (P<0.05). A significant increase in the IgM expression was detected in gills of immunized fish with irradiated trophonts with/without alginate nanoparticles and formalin inactive trophonts plus alginate nanoparticles (P<0.05). The renal IgM showed up-regulation in all of treatments (P<0.05). A significant increase in the hepatic IgM expression was in immunized fish via irradiated trophonts with/without alginate nanoparticles (P<0.05). 

 These findings indicated that the higher expression of IgM, MHC-II and IL-8 at the gill, kidney and liver could prove the potential of the entire treatments to enhance both mucosal and systemic immune responses in immunized fish with gamma irradiated trophonts against I. multifiliis.

The application of simulation-optimization models is a valuable tool for selecting the appropriate cropping pattern. The main objective of this research is to develop a two-objective simulation-optimization model to determine the pattern of cultivation and water allocation. The model performs the optimization with the multi-objective metamorphic algorithm (MOALO) after simulating different states of the cultivation pattern. The decision variables including land and water allocated to ten-day periods of plant growth were designed in a way that the minimum utilization of water resources and economic maximization were identified as target functions. The developed model was used to simulate and optimize the cultivation pattern with an area of ​​5500 hectares and water allocation of Semnan plain with renewable water at the rate of 60.8 million cubic meters. Harvesting scenarios of 80 (GW80) and 100 (GW100) percent of renewable groundwater and scenarios of change in existing cropping pattern of 30 (AC30) and 60 (AC60) percent were considered and each scenario was simulated with the MOALO algorithm. Optimization using the proposed model in four scenarios improved the water and economic objective functions compared to the initial simulation performance. The results showed that the four proposed scenarios were obtained by minimizing the water objective function and maximizing the economic objective function relative to the current situation (simulation). In general, the proposed model had a good performance despite its simplicity, which is a specialized tool to optimize the crop pattern with water allocation.

Studies show that ethical behavior has great importance in the performance of organization members. So, the purpose of this study is to constructing and validating an instrument for measuring employee's ethical behavior.

 This is a field study and has a practical goal. The statistical population included 633 people working in Sports and Youth Offices in Great Khorasan. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select 450 of the employees as the statistical sample. Steps for making questionnaire were taken by the use of required statistical methods. Besides descriptive statistics for example mean and standard deviation, inferential statistics like exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used.

Based on the results, ethical behavior questionnaire was made. It is a 39-item questionnaire divided into three factors including individual, group and organizational factors. Individual factor includes three sub-factors (locus of control, self-esteem, religious beliefs and conscience); Group factor includes two sub-factors (clients and colleagues); and finally organizational factor includes three sub-factors (organizational culture, organizational commitment, codes of ethics).

This questionnaire is capable of measuring employees’ ethical behavior. Therefore, it is suggested that managers of organizations consider the factors of this questionnaire to improve employee's ethical behavior at work.

Problem-based education is a student-centered educational strategy in which students collaboratively analyze educational issues and reflect on their experiences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of problem-based education on the evaluation of clinical skills of rehabilitation students at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.

This is a quasi-experimental interventional investigation. The study population comprised all fourth year undergraduate students in the fields of physiotherapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. Based on random sampling method, a number of students were selected as the experimental group (problem-based education) and others as the control group (traditional education). Data were collected using an objective-structured clinical examination to assess students' clinical skills, and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess satisfaction with the problem-based education method.

The mean scores of clinical skills following education revealed a statistically significant difference between the two traditional and problem-based methods in all the three fields of study. Also, the results of the student satisfaction questionnaire showed approximately 60% of students in all three fields of study proving a high to very high level of satisfaction with problem-based education.

Due to the increase in students' clinical skills following problem-based education and their high satisfaction with this teaching procedure, it is suggested that other faculties of rehabilitation sciences and related fields also use the method in teaching pertinent to clinical courses.