m. ghaffari

Evaluating of sunflower genotypes under different environmental conditions would be useful to identify genotypes with high stability and yield potential. In order to study yield stability of sunflower genotypes, 11 new hybrids along with four cultivars (namely Golsa, Ghasem, Shams and Farrokh) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications under four experimental field stations across Iran including Karaj, Sari, Kermanshah and Dezful during 2018-2020. The results of combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interaction were significant for seed yield. Existence of genotype × environment interaction, suggested that genotypes responded differently to the studied environment conditions. Therefore, there is the possibility of stability analysis. Cluster analysis based on the nonparametric stability statistics grouped genotypes in to three main clusters. According to the mean rank of all studied nonparametric stability parameters, the genotypes No. 5 and 14 with the lowest value of mean rank were distinguished as stable genotypes, meanwhile genotypes No. 1, 11, 12 and 9 with the highest values of mean rank were identified as non-stable genotypes. Also, the results indicated that the nonparametric statistics Si, NPi and NPi were associated with mean seed yield and the dynamic concept of stability. Therefore, these methods would be suitable for selecting stable and high yielding genotypes in sunflower. Finally, the genotype No. 5 with mean seed yield of 3355 kg ha-1 and high broad stability was distinguished as superior hybrid which can be used in the future breeding programs for producing the new cultivar with high yield and stability potential.

 Organic agricultural products play an important role in the food basket of the community health development. Many researchers have proven that organic agricultural products are better and safer for human health, and unhealthy products are a threat for society. Increasing health problems and food-related diseases have made consumers to give more attention to these products purchase. There has been an increase in organic products popularity due to their health benefits and positive environmental impact.Shahdone store is one of the natural, complete and organic products stores in the country that serves online and in person with the aim of providing healthy, complete and natural raw materials. Healthy nutrition and modification of consumption pattern towards healthy, whole and natural products is one of the main goals of this collection. The focus of the company is on online sales and trust plays an important role in this type of purchase. To improve the business and introduction of this type of trades in Iran, word of mouth, especially electronic word of mouth, are very important and since this study examines the antecedents of intention to use electronic word of mouth in purchasing organic agricultural products at Shahdone, it will be beneficial for the company. The study focused on organic agricultural products, which are useful for the development of Shahdone and similar companies operating in the field of agriculture, to understand consumers' intentions and attitudes toward word of mouth. Also, for people in the community whose health is important, this research can be effective in promoting organic products. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of social capital dimensions and trust on social media, attitude toward electronic word of mouth and intention to use electronic word of mouth in purchasing organic products.

The statistical population of this study consisted of all consumers of organic agricultural products in Shahdone stores, who used the products of this company during the collection of research data in February of 2018. The population was considered unlimited and 476 samples were selected using available sampling method. To collect data, a questionnaire containing 42 questions was designed by reviewing the literature on research variables. Also, two questions were compiled to measure demographic variables (education, gender). To measure and confirm the validity of the questionnaire, content validity, construct validity were examined. In order to evaluate the content validity, a number of questionnaires were distributed among university professors and premiers. Sensibility and comprehensibility of the questions and the appropriateness of the variables were examined. Experts opinions were used to improve questionnaire questions. For construct validity, factor analysis was used in the form of measurement model. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. According Cronbach alpha coefficient, the questionnaire has a satisfactory reliability. SPSS and LISREL statistical software were used to analyses the research data and test hypotheses.

 The findings of this study showed that attitudes toward electronic word of mouth are influential on the intention to use electronic word of mouth in purchasing organic agricultural products, on the other hand, there are some antecedents before obtaining attitudes toward electronic word of mouth which include; social capital in social media and trust in social media.

 The results of the first and third hypotheses of the study indicate that voluntary social media participation has an impact on competency and behavioral stability, but the second hypothesis was not confirmed. Social media engagement when it comes to the sense of altruism and volunteering to give information, it gradually builds the ability to influence people, so having people on social media and through social media can impact others. The results of hypotheses fourth, fifth and sixth indicate that adherence to social commitments in social media affects the competence of influencers, the honesty of reputable people and their behavioral stability. People who are committed to social commitment, including indicators of doing the right thing, observing fairness, performing social duties, and a sense of responsibility to the community can help and influence others as a worthy person. Hypothesis seventh states that collaboration in social media affects its competence. The eighth and ninth hypotheses were not confirmed. People who help others, and have expertise in organic products, can play a vital role in people health. The results of the tenth and eleventh hypotheses of ethical-cultural interactions in social media influenced the competence and honesty of reputable people, but the twelfth hypothesis of ethical-cultural interactions in social media did not support behavioral stability. Expanding the culture of using healthy products will allow more people to participate in organic products. One of the problems with organic products is the exaggeration of the benefits of organic products, which should be minimized by cultural planning for these products. Hypothesis thirteenth states that common values in social media influence the competence of influencer and fourteenth and fifteenth hypotheses were not confirmed. Having commonalities and closeness of ideas makes others more important to people. When people are close to each other, they are more concerned about others and try to pay more attention to the consequences of their suggestions. The results of hypotheses sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth indicate that influential competence, honesty of reputable people, and respect for behavioral stability in social media influence attitudes toward electronic word of mouth. Hypothesis nineteenth states that attitude towards electronic word of mouth influenced intention to use electronic word of mouth in purchasing organic agricultural products, this hypothesis was confirmed. The emerging attitude towards electronic word of mouth led to intention to use electronic word of mouth. Organic farming, or acceptance of information by the individual, before purchase.

Selection of high yielding genotypes is very important in sunflower. Thus, 24 new sunflower hybrids along with Golsa cultivar were evaluated in a simple lattice design (5×5) with two replications in the Agriculture Research Station of Gorgan, north of Iran, during 2020. The genotype by yield × trait (GYT) biplot method was used in order to study the relationships between different traits and to select the new hybrids of sunflower based on yield-trait combinations. The result of polygon view of GYT biplot indicated that G19 was the best genotype in terms of the combination of seed yield with traits such as stem diameter, head diameter, seed number per head, thousand seed weight, early maturity and leaf number. Similarity, G5 also was superior genotype in terms of the combination of seed yield with a number of traits, including plant height, head height from ground level, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length. Based on average tester coordinate (ATC) view of GYT biplot, the genotypes G19 and G5 in terms of all positive yield-trait combinations were recognized as the best genotypes and genotypes G24, G23 and G25 as the weakest genotypes. A significant positive correlation was observed between seed number per head, thousand seed weight and early maturity in combination with seed yield. Moreover, these traits had high broad sense heritability. Therefore, it seems that traits such as seed number per head, thousand seed weight and early maturity could be used as suitable selection criterions for increasing seed yield in sunflower.Selection of high yielding genotypes is very important in sunflower. Thus, 24 new sunflower hybrids along with Golsa cultivar were evaluated in a simple lattice design (5×5) with two replications in the Agriculture Research Station of Gorgan, north of Iran, during 2020. The genotype by yield × trait (GYT) biplot method was used in order to study the relationships between different traits and to select the new hybrids of sunflower based on yield-trait combinations. The result of polygon view of GYT biplot indicated that G19 was the best genotype in terms of the combination of seed yield with traits such as stem diameter, head diameter, seed number per head, thousand seed weight, early maturity and leaf number. Similarity, G5 also was superior genotype in terms of the combination of seed yield with a number of traits, including plant height, head height from ground level, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length. Based on average tester coordinate (ATC) view of GYT biplot, the genotypes G19 and G5 in terms of all positive yield-trait combinations were recognized as the best genotypes and genotypes G24, G23 and G25 as the weakest genotypes. A significant positive correlation was observed between seed number per head, thousand seed weight and early maturity in combination with seed yield. Moreover, these traits had high broad sense heritability. Therefore, it seems that traits such as seed number per head, thousand seed weight and early maturity could be used as suitable selection criterions for increasing seed yield in sunflower.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an oil grain crop of subtropical and tropical areas with arid to semi-arid climate and its production is affected by drought at the grain filling and flowering stages. Given the key role of Magnesium (Mg) in many key metabolic processes, it seems that Mg Nanoparticles (NPs) can improve the sunflower performance in drought stress. This study was carried out as a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three factors, including irrigation regimes (drought and normal), cultivars (Barzagar, Farokh, Ghasem, and Shams), and Mg NPs application (0.25 g L-1), and time (flowering and grain filling stages), in three replications in the field during 2017-19 seasons. Several physio-biochemical traits along with grain yield and oil percentage were measured. Based on the results, Mg NPs spraying increased the relative water content, chlorophyll and carotenoid, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzymes activity under drought. Moreover, Mg NPs spraying decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content in the stressed plants and slightly increased grain yield and oil percentage. Overall, our findings suggest that Mg NPs can improve sunflower performance under drought by several mechanisms including improved antioxidant system, enhanced photosynthetic pigments, and increased primary metabolites.

Sunflower is an important crop that its oil has high nutritional and economic value. In this study, genotype-trait biplot method was used to study interrelationships between different traits and new sunflower hybrids. For this study, 24 new sunflower hybrids along with Golsa cultivar were evaluated in a simple lattice design with two replications in Gorgan Agriculture Research Station, Gorgan, north of Iran, during 2020 cropping season. The results showed that thousand seed weight, head diameter, seed number per head, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length had a positive correlation with seed yield. Also, a negative correlation was observed between seed yield and phonological traits and plant height. Therefore, it can be concluded that improving seed yield may simultaneously lead to improve in the early maturity and dwarfism. Based on biplot polygon view, the genotypes No. 5 and 19 had superior characteristics in terms of seed yield and its attributes. Also, based on a hypothetical ideal genotype biplot, the genotypes No. 3, 2 and 10 outranked the other genotypes in terms of all examined traits. A majority of the examined traits had high discriminating ability and were able to show differences between genotypes. The stem diameter was the nearest trait to an ideal trait and, therefore, it has the highest discriminating ability and representativeness.

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain an analytical solution for the time-fractional fuzzy equation. To do this, the time-fractional equation is  transformed into an algebraic equation using the fuzzy Laplace and Fourier transforms. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo gH-differentiability. In addition, to demonstrate the efficiency of the method some various examples are solved.

In order to determine the susceptible and tolerant lines of sunflower to drought stress, a completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at Karaj seed Oil Research Institute. In this study, 12 different sunflower lines have been identified for the characteristics related to drought tolerance and were selected two susceptible and tolerant lines. Initially, sunflower lines were cultivated in two separate experiments under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Drought stress was carried out through stop irrigation in step 2 to 8 leaves formation. The studied traits included agronomic characteristics and drought stress indices of sunflower, such as Plant height, Stem diameter, Head diameter, Seed yield, Leaf Area Index, Relative Water Content, SSI and STI. The studied traits were significantly different in water stress, except stem diameter. After analyzing the tested factors and analyzing the data, the results were obtained by analyzing the percentage of variation of studied traits, calculating stress indices (drought tolerance indices, drought sensitivity) and dendrogram drawing from Cluster analysis of cultivars was identified. According to the results, in terms of water deficit stress, RGK26 and RGK41 produced the highest and the lowest seed yield per plant. Comparison of traits can identify BGK221 as susceptible line and RGK46 as tolerant line among 12 studied lines. Also, correlation between traits showed that drought tolerance index (STI) was positively correlated with almost all traits. In addition, grain yield was positively correlated with all traits except plant height.

With increasing population, agricultural activities should provide enough food for 80 billion people around the world until 2030. Many farmers are dependent on chemical technologies for pest management and producing enough food. However, despite the many benefits, it is indicated that, chemicals and pesticides, may have bad consequences for the health of human being and environment. Hence, due to the response to concerns about common agricultural activities, the interest in organic products has been increased around the world. Increasing health problems and diseases associated with food products has made consumers to give more importance to buying these products. One of the people's reactions has been moving forward to using organic agricultural products. Many researchers, have proved that, organic products, are safer and better for people's health and unhealthy products are a threat for society. For instance, in developing countries, 5 million children under age of 5 are afflicted to illness symptoms caused by poisonous and chemical residues in food, and more than 3 million people die and in 2010 the World Health Organization has declared that; Iran, ranked 93rd out of 160 countries in the world for bad consequences of agriculture. Organic products have characteristics such as taste, health, and issues related to environment and animals' right, which are not tangible in the first sight. In some cases, when consuming or buying, consumers hardly understand these features. For success and development of organic products these features should be understood by consumers and they should be willing to pay for these products. Organic agricultural products have higher prices for several reasons (such as production conditions and issuing the certificate). Economically, the value of a product is equal to the sum of payments for that product, in addition to the consumers' welfare. Surplus consumer welfare is defined as the difference between the consumer's willingness to pay and the real price paid for it. In this regard the notion of willingness to pay can be defined as the total payment that reflects the difference between the surplus consumer welfare before and after adding or improving one characteristic of food. Many consumers are looking for food safety and they have tendency to pay more for healthy food products, because it simultaneously increases the level of utility and reduces the risks for health. A review of research literature on willingness to pay for organic agricultural products shows that most studies have been conditional on the costs of organic agricultural products and estimation of willingness to pay for them by methods such as valuation and less attention have been paid to the reasons that make consumers to pay for these products. Hence, it seems that an exploratory study for identifying and prioritizing factors affecting the willingness to pay for organic agricultural products has a great importance. Therefore, the purpose of present study is identification and prioritization of factors affecting the willingness to pay for organic agricultural products.

This research in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of research method, is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study included all consumers of organic agricultural products of Bioneshan shops in Tehran, who have been using these products at the time of collecting the research data on November 2018. To determine the sample size, Comrey and Lee patterns were used, and 384 samples were selected by sampling method. Analyzing the research data was done by SPSS and EXCEL software.

Before conducting an exploratory factor analysis, in order to identify factors affecting willingness to pay for organic agricultural products, and in order to ensure that existing data can be used and the number of data is appropriate for factor analysis and the adequacy of exploratory Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample size, Bartlett test was used. In the next step, for exploratory factor analysis, research data were analyzed by using main components analysis method and the choice of varimax rotation method. The results of exploratory factor analysis show that, factors affecting willingness to pay for organic agricultural products consist of seven elements or dimensions. These include the quality of products, perceived benefits, income levels, information barriers and access to products, environmental concerns, life styles and food safety. These seven identified factors totally define 68/123% variance of affecting factors on willingness to pay for organic agricultural products. In order to prioritize the factors affecting the willingness to pay for organic agricultural products Shannon entropy was used. According to respondents, food safety is ranked first in terms of its importance.

The first identified factor is the quality of the products which corresponds with the studies of Krystallis and Chryssohoidis (2005) and Villanueva and colleagues (2015). One of the factors that causes the consumer to focus on a product, is the quality of that product. Organic agricultural products are not exceptions to this fact and more than being organic, their quality should be considered as well. The fact that products should be both organic and have a high quality, is difficult due to the lack of chemical and artificial compounds. The second identified factor is perceived benefits, which correspond with the studies of Van doorn and verhoef (2011) and Zaho and colleagues (2018). Consumers consider some benefits for themselves of using each product. In order to enhance the willingness to pay for organic agricultural products, People who are active in agricultural activities, should try to increase the level of perceived benefits in consumers. The third identified factor is income level which corresponds with the studies of Nandy and colleagues (2017) and Vapa-Tankosic and colleagues (2018). One of the obstacles to the expansion of organic agricultural products is people's low income level and higher prices of organic agricultural products. The forth identified factor is information barriers and access to products which corresponds with the studies of Nandy and colleagues (2017) and Sriwaranun and colleagues (2015). Lack of information about organic agricultural products and inadequate supply and availability affects the willingness to pay for them. By increasing information about the benefits of these products the interest in paying for these products will be increased. So when the supply and access to these products can easily happen, and people have access to these products in different stores, the desire to use and pay for this products increases and with increasing supply, the price of these products reduces. The fifth identified factor is environmental concerns, which corresponds to the studies of Nandy and colleagues (2017) and konuk and colleagues (2018). Many people by understanding that organic agricultural products entail less harm to the living environment, are satisfied with paying more for these products. The sixth identified factor is lifestyle, which corresponds to the studies of Skreli and colleague (2017). People who primarily establish a healthy lifestyle for themselves, and care about their health more, have willing to pay for organic agricultural products as a healthy product. The seventh identified factor is food safety which corresponds with the studies of Budak and colleagues (2006) and Chen and colleagues (2015). According to food respondents, food safety has the top priority. Consumers should be certain about the organic state of the products and their health in order to have desire to pay for them.

Muffler is a part of the vehicle exhaust system that absorb or reflect sound waves to reduce exhaust noise. One of the most important determinants of a muffler performance is the amount of attenuation that has on its input wave; this parameter is known as sound transmission loss. Four - mic standard test is one way to determine this parameter which is used in this paper. In this study, a test device was developed to measure the level of Sound Transmission Loss. In order to validate the performance of the test apparatus and its results, sound transmission loss is calculated for real sample using GT-Power software and theoretical calculations. The sound transmission loss test machine can be used to assess mufflers used in the car and other industries. In general, the main purpose of this research is to construct the sound transmission loss test device and develop the computational code for it and validate the performance of the test system.

The aim of this study was to design the soldiers’ death anxiety structural model based on social intelligence, moral intelligence and religious orientation.

340 soldiers in Maragheh in 2018 were enrolled in this study using cluster sampling. Lennick & Kiel moral intelligence questionnaire, Tromso social intelligence scale, Templer death anxiety scale and Allport & Ross religious orientation questionnaire were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, Bootstrap and Sobel test using SPSS and Amos22.

The direct effect of moral intelligence, social intelligence and intrinsic religious orientationwere significant in estimating soldiers’ death anxiety. The indirect effect of moral intelligence (t-value=4.7) and social intelligence (t-value=4.4) by mediating internal religious orientation on the soldiers’ death anxiety were significant. Generally 30% of death anxiety variance was explained by the variables of the model.

Death anxiety can be reduced by enhancing social intelligence, moral intelligence and intrinsic religious orientation.

One of the challenges of medical education is academic cynicism. The present study aimed at designing structural model of students’ academic cynicism based on sense of coherence, self-compassion and personal intelligence.    This is a correlation study via structural equation modeling.Statistical population  include 250 medical students of west Azerbaijan in 2017-18 academic years that have been selected by cluster sampling method. For collecting data, Sense of coherence questionnaire, self-compassion scale, personal intelligence questionnaire and academic unwillingness subscale were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, Bootstrap and Sobel test through SPSS and Amos software. The results indicated that sense of coherence and self-compassion are interacting with the intermediate role of personal intelligence in explaining the students' academic unwillingness are effective that totally 48% of the variance of academic willingness is explained through the variables of the model. The direct effect of personal intelligence (-0.27), sense of coherence (-0.20) and self-efficacy (-0.4) were significant in estimating students' academic unwillingness. The indirect effect of sense of coherence (0.11) and self-compassion (0.08) by mediating personal intelligence on the students' academic unwillingness is significant. Considering the indirect effect of coherence and self-compassion on the degree of academic unwillingness, it seems that personal intelligence modulates the relationship between sense of coherence and self-compassion with academic unwillingness.

Sandwich panels are new kind of layered composites that usually are composed of three layers and their core layer''s thickness is higher and the outer layers are determinative in determination of the products strength and stiffness. The core layer is commonly made of honeycomb paper، corrugated paper and polyurethane etc. In this study، effects of face and adhesive types on mechanical properties of sandwich panels made from honeycomb paper were investigated. The variables included three types; beech face، poplar face and hardboard (S2S face، veneer less) and adhesive type (two types; epoxy and PVA). Out of experimental panels specimens were cut and tested according to DIN E 326-1 standard. Mechanical properties of panels، included modulus of elasticity as well as modulus of rupture at the edge and surface (based on DIN EN 310 standard) and Impact Bending Strength (IBS) of the panels (based on ASTM D 3499 standard) were measured. The gathered data were analyzed as completely randomized factorial design. Highest mechanical properties were reported for panels glued with epoxy resin and containing fiberboard at the middle. According to results، optimum condition of producing sandwich panels was observed in uses of epoxy resin and fiberboard S2S face، veneer less) at the middle.

One of the recommended ways in organizing the information in the websites is the application of Meta Tags. The application of a variety of Meta Tags can affect the precision rate of search engines retrieval. They can also promote the rank of a website. The purpose of the study was to investigate the structure of libraries websites based on Meta Tags in medical science universities in Iran.

This descriptive survey was carried out on 31 websites that included 342 web pages. Data was collected by a checklist and analyzed by SPSS.

Title meta tags (98. 53%) and Charset meta tags (89. 47%) among 15 meta tag types had the most usage and refresh meta tag had the least usage. Usage of keyword and descriptive meta tags were 55. 6% and 55. 2%، respectively. Generally، 100% websites under investigation used one type of meta tags.

Title، Charest، Robot، Keyword and Descriptive meta tags received more attention from the designers of central libraries. But Googlebot، Refresh، Expire and cache Meta Tags received less attention. Librarians’ participation in creating library websites and the application of meta tags will play important role in electronic information retrieval.

The aim of this study, was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop residues on speed of seed potato emergence and percentage of organic carbon, soil specific weight and soil temperature. An experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Agriculture Faculty, Bu-AliSinaUniversity, in 2008-2009. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Winter cover crops consisted of rye, barley and oilseed rape, each one with common plant density (rye and barley at 190 kg.ha-1 and oilseed rape at 9 kg.ha-1) and triple plant densities(rye and barley 570 kg.ha-1 and oilseed rape, 27 kg.ha-1) and control (without cover crop). The results showed that rye and barley with triple plant densities produced higher biomass (1503.5 and 1392.2 g/m2, respectively) than other treatments.Soil physicochemical properties were affected significantly by using cover crops. Rye, barley, and oilseed rape with triple rate and rye with common rape of plant densities produced, the highest organic carbon. Green manure of rye and barley with triple and rye with common rate plant densities, reduced soil specific weights by 17.3, 18 and 18 percent as compared with the control treatment (without cover crop planting). Rye and barley with triple plant densities increased average soil temperature by 12 and 11 percent respectively in comparison with control treatment. These treatments increased speed of seed potato emergence by 20 and 12 percent respectively as compared with that of control treatment, respectively. Other treatments showed no significant difference as compared to control. Cover crop residues increased plants speed of seed potato emergence through improving soil conditions.

Determination of stability limits, mineralogical changes and thermal reaction of serpentine minerals are very important for the investigation of magmatism, mechanism and depth of plates of subduction. During the subduction process, serpentine (Lizardite) minerals will release their water due to thermal reactions. This dehydration can play an important role in volcanism processes related to the subduction. In this study, serpentine minerals (Lizardite) collected from the Neyriz Ophiolite Complex (NOC) were dehydrated under the constant atmospheric pressure. These mineralogical changes were determined by X-Ray diffraction and DTA-TG analyses methods. This study shows natural lizardites that heated for about one hour is stable up to 550°C. Dehydration reactions on lizardite started at approximately between 100 to 150°C and dehydroxilation reactions started at approximately 550-690°C. As a result of thermal reaction, the decomposition of lizardite will take place and then changes in to olivine (forsterite). Crystallization of olivine (forsterite) will start at 600°C. This mineral is stable up to 700oC and then crystallization of enstatite will start at 700°C. During this dehydration and crystallization reaction, amorphous processes will start at 600°C and some amount water and silica will release.

Sixty six genotypes of sunflower including cytoplasmic male sterile lines along with their maintainers lines, restorer lines and commercial cultivars were evaluated in tow separate experiments under stress and normal conditions in a randomized block design with three replications in Khoy Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2004. Stressed experiment was irrigated after 150mm evaporation from class A pan to exert water stress. Each experimental plot consisted of three meter single row with 60cm row spacing and 25cm space between plants. During growing season, plant characteristics including number of days to flowering, growth period duration, plant height, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, seed number per head, oil content, harvest index, seed and oil yield was measured. Stress susceptibility index, stress tolerance index and MP and TOL indices calculated for seed yield. According to the were results, lines A312, A152, B225, CMS19 and R21A with SSI ranged from 0.47 to 0.63 were the highest tolerant lines to water stress. Considering STI, Azargol, line A28 and Alstar with STI 1.06, 0.99 and 0.96, respectively had the highest tolerance to water stress. Because of positive and significant correlation between head diameter, stem diameter and plant height with seed yield and STI, these traits could be used as criteria for determining drought tolerance in sunflower. STI had more efficiency than the other indices for determination of tolerant genotypes

Background and aims   Musculoskeletal disorder is one of the biggest occupational health problems in workplaces of industries. According to the national statistics, the proportion of musculoskeletal diseases of all occupation diseases in the United States is 44% (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1996). On the basis of report of National Institute Occupational Safety and Health of USA(NIOSH), WMSDs is in the second place between the work-related diseases. Poor working  postures constitute one of the main risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Recognition,  evaluation and control action for prevention of occur disorders is important to protect and  promotion of workers health. For evaluation of WMSDs risk factor, various methods have been  presented. Two practical methods for analyzing and controlling poor working postures in  workplaces are REBA and RULA.   Methods   This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in order to survey of  correlation between two evaluation methods of WMSDs risk factors REBA; RULAin one of the ophthalmic lens manufacture factory.At first, jobs were surveyed and all subtasks of jobs recognized and 40 jobs out of 77 were selected. Then REBA; RULAmethods were carried out  for this jobs. Also, The final scores and action levels were determined.   Results   The result revealed that: there was a significant correlation between final score of two  methods (r = 0.781) and action levels of two methods (r=0.821). Compare to action levels, two  methods in all jobs showed that There was no significant difference between action levels at jobs  (p = 0.16) also between action levels of two methods in any of workplaces separately.  Result of REBA; RULAmethods revealed that risk level of lower arm, upper arm and wrist was  higher than trunk, neck, and legs because of awkward posture of the mentioned parts. Result of  RULAand REBAtechnique indicated that, action levels of all jobs were not acceptable.   Conclusion   On the basis of mentioned result above, this study indicated that, there was no  significant correlation between two methods and methods have a strong correlation in identifying  critical work site and determining critical limb. Therefore, both methods are recommended for   evaluation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders risk factors in industries

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