فهرست مطالب mahdi abbasi

The present research was conducted in order to discover the factors and spiritual interventions that prevent the progress of couples in the stages of divorce, based on Islamic sources. The method of this research consisted of a qualitative method that was implemented in three stages. Linguistic semantics method was used in order to discover spiritual factors and interventions, and to obtain spiritual factors and interventions from Islamic sources, content analysis method and rules of fiqh principles were used. The findings of the research showed that there are three models of "Humility-Kindness", "Gratitude-Patience" and "Foresight-Hope" centered on faith and connection with God in six stages of "weakness of functions", "emergence of confusion", "confusion", "Dissociation", "divorce-return" and "separation-return" are effective preventive spiritual factors and interventions. In the initial stages, the first model was mostly used, and in the future, due to the evolution of divorce and the difficulty of communication between couples, the second and third models play a more proactive role.

The communicable disease surveillance system includes the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data related to communicable diseases to be used in planning, implementing, and evaluating public health policies and practices. Iran's communicable disease surveillance system (ICDSS) is facing numerous challenges. This research aimed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of ICDSS and provide solutions to strengthen it.

The research was conducted using a scoping review method. Articles and documents on ICDSS published between 2000 and 2022 were searched using appropriate keywords in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, SID, Google, and Google Scholar search engines. Finally, 41 studies were selected and analyzed using MAXQDA software and the framework analysis method.

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and enhancement strategies to ICDSS were identified and grouped into five themes of the priority diseases targeted for surveillance, the structure of the surveillance system, core functions of the surveillance system, support functions of the surveillance system, and quality of the surveillance system. The most important strengths of ICDSS were the eradication of some infectious diseases, rapid implementation in critical situations, and high efficiency. The low motivation of employees, inefficiency of the reporting system in hospitals, and weak inter-departmental cooperation in prioritizing diseases were among the weaknesses. Using advanced diagnostic equipment and the increase of public awareness about infectious diseases are the main opportunities and population dispersion; the epidemy of infectious diseases in neighboring countries and the presence of immigrants in the country were the main threats to ICDSS. Solutions such as strengthening the infectious disease management center, integrating the CDSS into the family medicine program, integrating different parts of the surveillance system, regularly publishing the results, and creating an effective two-way feedback system were suggested for strengthening ICDSS.

Structures, processes, and core functions of ICDSS should be strengthened. Strategic analysis of ICDSS provides evidence to health policymakers to implement corrective interventions.

The multiplicity, diversity and universality of the endowment in all parts of Iran, along with the significant revenues, costs, functions and the effects, turned the endowment institution into one of the most important and influential institutions in Iran. During the reza shah era, this important institution had some problems in different regions of Iran, which forced the government to solve them. In responsing to this challenges, Reza Shah tried to revise the endowment laws, which finally led to the approval of the endowment law of 1313. One of the important goals of this research was the case study and analysis of the endowment challenges in one of Iran's regions. So that we can get a general picture of the issues and problems of the endowment by Inductive method in Iran during the first Pahlavi era. Therefore, this research tried to answer this question by historical research, descriptive-analytical model: What challenges has the Iranian endowment of the reza shah era been faced in the central areas of Mazandaran before the approval of the endowment law of 1313? The results of this research indicate that the most important challenges was: the destruction of endowment buildings, non-compliance of endowment trustees with the Ministry of Education and Endowment, treachery and inefficiency of trustees in managing endowments, including the greed of endowment properties, abuse of endowments and sale or appropriation of endowment properties, , the number of endowments without use and unprofitable.

In this article, a T-shaped microchannel with mixing periods ranging from 1 to 25 units and variations in the geometry of each mixing period in a two-dimensional and steady state has been numerically evaluated using the COMSOL software. An MQ parameter has been used to determine the quality of mixing at the channel outlet as well as the pressure drop. Additionally, the influence of the number of mixing periods and obstacles present in the mixing unit on the mixing quality has been investigated. Initially, six geometric models were designed for one mixing period, and after obtaining the numerical results, the best geometry was selected for fur ther calculations and work. The numerical results obtained for geometry "c" indicate that using 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mixing units in the channel results in mixing qualities of 30%, 46%, 73%, 85%, 92%, and 98% respectively for blood fluid, which can be considered suitable for use in chemical systems.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the sexual fidelity intervention of spouses in increasing marital satisfaction and commitment based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior. For this purpose, a single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines and a sample including three couples was used. The findings showed that all three couples showed an increasing and improving trend in the scale of marital satisfaction (71%) and in the scale of marital commitment (61.5) after starting the intervention. The percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) of 100% for the second couple (male and female) in the marital satisfaction scale showed the high effectiveness of the intervention in this variable, and this index was 80% for the first and third couple, which shows the relative validity of the intervention. has it. Also, (100% of non-overlapping data (PND) in the scale of marital commitment for the woman in the third couple shows the high effectiveness of the intervention in this variable, and this indicator was 80% for the first couple, the second couple and the man in the third couple, which shows the validity The intervention has a relative effect on this variable. These findings show that sexual fidelity intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior is effective in increasing marital satisfaction and commitment.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of confrontational intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior in the inner comfort of young people waiting for marriage.For this purpose, to investigate the effectiveness of confrontational intervention based on the Islamic pattern of regulating sexual behavior in reducing negative emotion and increasing life satisfaction and positive emotion, a single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines and a three-person sample was used. In the single-subject experimental design, the findings showed that all three authorities showed an increasing and improving trend in the life satisfaction scale(99%)and in the positive affect scale(54%)and in the negative affect(34%)after the intervention.The percentage of non-overlapping data(PND)for the first and second clients in the life satisfaction scale is 83%, and the percentage of non-overlapping data(PND)for the second clients is 83% in both positive and negative emotions, and 100% for the third clients in negative emotions. And in positive affect, the rate of 83% related to the visual analysis in those two scales showed that the coping intervention based on the Islamic pattern of regulating sexual behavior in reducing negative affect and increasing satisfaction with life and positive affect has relative efficiency and effectiveness. Most of the changes occurred in the one-month and three-month follow-up period. The result of this research shows that confrontational intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior is a treatment method that has an effect on increasing life satisfaction and positive emotions and reducing negative emotions.

Spiritual factors and religion have fundamental role in people’s psychological and physical health. Seeking help from God, called “esteanat” in Islamic sources, is one these factors that have been studied constantly. This research aims to introduce a conceptual model of styles of seeking help from God based on Islamic sources (Quran and hadith). Using qualitative component analysis, conceptual components of seeking help from God were extracted from Islamic texts. In doing so, Islamic sources related to the subject of study in Quranic verses and Ahadith were selected using categories of the book “Nahj-ol-Doaa”. To determine the conceptual component we used categorizing the codes and centralization of concepts. The extracted components, along with their documents, were presented to experts in religious studies and psychology; in this way the content validity was approved. The results showed that, based on Islamic texts, the styles of seeking help from God are mainly of five main ways: ritualistic, bodily expressions, situational, coping, and compensational. The sum of these characteristics show the styles of seeking help from God.

This research was conducted with the aim of examining the conceptual components of regulating the emotion of sadness and happiness based on Islamic sources. In this study, in order to develop the conceptual model of regulating emotion, from descriptive-explanatory sentences of Islamic texts (Quran and Hadith) content analysis methods were used and also to explain the conceptual structure of happiness and sadness emotion regulation, linguistic semantics method was used. For this purpose, descriptive-explanatory sentences related to the subject in Islamic texts were searched and selected by the words and concepts collected in the semantic field of happiness and sadness.In order to determine the conceptual components, categorization and conceptualization operations were performed on the main themes of the selected texts.The findings of the research showed that several factors can lead to the increase or decrease of the two emotions of happiness and sadness and cause it to be regulated that is based on the division of happiness and sadness into constructive and positive as well as morbid and negative, these factors are divided into four categories of conceptual components: "increasing constructive happiness" with seven sub-components, "increasing constructive sadness" with three sub-components, "reducing morbid happiness" was divided into three sub-components and "reducing morbid sadness" was divided into twelve sub-components.

Viral hepatitis accounts for about 1.4 million deaths in the world every year. Surveillance systems and effective interventions play important roles in the management of these diseases. This study aimed to review the programs and measures done in Iran to eliminate viral hepatitis B and C.

Using qualitative content analysis, the programs for hepatitis B and C care system in Iran were reviewed. Fifteen semi-structured expert interviews were conducted, and 31 documents were reviewed. The activities, plans and programs associated with the viral hepatitis surveillance system were extracted based on the interview results and the documents.

The activities of the hepatitis surveillance system in Iran were categorized into six categories, including the viral hepatitis surveillance system goals, target groups, current structure of hepatitis B and C surveillance system, upstream policies and documents, current programs, and infrastructures. The most prominent interventions were the following: hepatitis B vaccination in target groups, screening, hepatitis surveys, needle and syringe distribution, safe injection, safe blood transfusion, and hepatitis treatments.

This study showed that the main weakness of the hepatitis surveillance system is detecting active disease cases, which can be improved by integrating the hepatitis program into the network system and active participation of private and public sectors as well as non-governmental organizations. Vaccination campaigns and treatment of hepatitis B and C can also help in eliminating hepatitis C and controlling hepatitis B by 2030.

Quantum computers have much more computing power than classical computers and this has created a challenge in the field of public-key cryptography algorithms, which is predicted quantum computers will reach the computational power to break existing public-key cryptography algorithms by 2030. To solve this problem, NIST published a call for post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Implementing these algorithms faces challenges such as execution time and resources. One of the algorithms that made it to the third round is the CRYSTALS-KYBER algorithm. In this algorithm, by optimizing the NTT module, the execution time is reduced. Usually, the implementation of NTT is created with radix-2, but in the proposed method, radix-4 is used, and this reduces the execution time. Changes to NTT are required to implement radix-4 NTT. DIT is used to implement NTT and DIF is used to implement INTT. In NTT and INTT formulas changes are made to the twiddle factors and the values of the twiddle factors stored to the ROM. In the following, we compared radix-4 butterfly unit with radix-2 butterfly unit. By reusing results in CT and GS butterfly units, we need four multiplications, additions, and subtractions, and the structure of radix-4 butterfly unit is mentioned. The memory unit uses eight RAMs to increase read and write speeds, four of which are for writing and the remaining four are for reading. It is also necessary to make corrections to the NTT parameters which are suitable for implementation on Kyber. Next, we implemented the proposed method on two FPGA Artix-7 and Virtex-7 using Vivado software. In the implementation on Artix-7 and Virtex-7 in exchange for a slight increase in the resources, the execution time in Artix-7 is reduced by 28.74% and 12.34% compared to similar implementations.

Health financing system is the process of collecting, pooling and managing financial resources to purchase healthcare services and promote, restore or maintain people health. An increase in health expenditure and the governments’ inability to commit sufficient resources introduces challenges to the sustainability of health system financing. This study was conducted to identify sustainable health financing methods in developed countries.

This study was a scoping review research. All studies related to the sustainable health financing solutions in developed countries were searched using appropriate keywords in “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Science Direct”, “Web of Science”, “Magiran”, “SID” and “Iranmedex” databases and two search engines “Google” and “Google scholar”. Finally, 38 studies were selected and analyzed using the framework analysis method and MAXQDA software.

Overall, 30 solutions were identified for sustainable financing of the health system of developed countries and categorized into three sections: collecting financial resources, pooling and managing financial resources, and purchasing healthcare services. Strategic purchasing, reducing induced demand, using prospective payment methods, consolidating multiple insurance funds, using an efficient patient referral system, using clinical guidelines, public-private partnerships, value based health services package and introducing new innovative health insurance schemes were the most frequent solutions for sustainable health system financing in developed countries.

Innovative solutions are used to strengthen the sustainability of the health financing system in developed countries. Iran’s policymakers can sustain the country’s health system financing by adopting and adapting these solutions.

Health system financing is the process of collecting, pooling, and allocating financial resources to maintain, restore or promote the health of the people. Developing countries face many challenges in mobilizing, managing and allocating health financial resources. The aim of this study was to identify sustainable financing methods in developing countries.

This study was conducted using the scoping review. All the studies related to health system financing methods in developing countries were searched in the English electronic databases (i.e., Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of science), Persian electronic databases (i.e., Magiran, Iranmedex, and SID) and Google Scholar and Google search engines using appropriate keywords. Finally, 94 suitable documents were selected and analyzed using the framework analysis method and MAXQDA software.

Forty-two methods were identified to strengthen the sustainability and resilience of the health financing system in developing countries; these methods were grouped into three categories: collection and management of financial resources, pooling of financial resources and purchasing of health services. The most frequently used solutions to strengthen the sustainability of the health financing system in developing countries were as follows: expanding social health insurance plans, integrating multiple health insurance plans, strengthening public-private partnerships, establishing a robust referral system, imposing taxes on harmful commodities, using perspective fixed payment methods, defining needs-based health service packages, promoting donors’ contributions, and reforming health service tariffs.

The health financing system in developing countries should be strengthened. The financial reforms of the health system should be accompanied by reforms in providing health services to make possible efficient and effective results. Health policymakers and senior managers should strengthen the governance of the health financing system at the macro level. In addition, healthcare managers should increase the efficiency and reduce resource wastage by strengthening budget capacity and financial management at the micro level.

The capital level of insurance companies to meet shareholders' and the regulator's expectations is very important. This study was to estimate the VaR (Value at Risk) of insurance companies on the TSE (Tehran Stock Exchange) with RBC (Risk-Based-Capital) and EC (Economic Capital) approaches, nine insurance companies in TSE during 2011-2019 were selected. Historical simulation and MCS (Monte Carlo Simulation) methods were used to calculate VaR. In historical simulation, the probability of an insurance company's loss of more than 2.02\% of the asset value is 1\%. Meanwhile, the VaR obtained from MCS, at the confidence level of 99\%, VaR is 3.28\%. In CBA (Cost-Benefit-Analysis), the amount of capital desired by the shareholders is 1.25-1.3 of the existing capital. In SMR (Solvency Margin Ratio) the amount of capital desired by the regulator is 1.3 -1.4 of the existing capital. Finally, the target capital is 1.25-1.4 of the existing capital.

The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of an educational intervention to regulate sexual behavior, with an Islamic approach, on reducing anxiety and increasing the mental health of adolescent boys. In doing so, the single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines and a sample of three individuals was applied. The findings revealed that all three subjects, as intervention begins, showed reducing scores on the anxiety scale and increasing scores on the mental health scale. The amount of non-overlapping data for the third subject and the amount of non-overlapping data for the first and second subjects on Cattle's anxiety scale showed that the educational intervention to regulate sexual behavior with an Islamic approach was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing mental health of these adolescent boys. A significant part of the changes that occurred in the one- and three-month follow-up periods was persistent. The result showed that the educational intervention to regulate sexual behavior with an Islamic approach is an effective method to reduce anxiety and increase mental health adolescents.

Occupational injuries are an important human resource management challenge with negative effects on employees and organizations. A knowledge of the prevalence of occupational injuries is the first step in eliminating or reducing them. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occupational injuries among financial employees of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted in 2019 in 13 hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences using a valid questionnaire to gather data. A total of 162 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the financial staff of the hospitals, but only 147 subjects completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.

Analysis of the data showed that 52.6% and 50.2% of the financial staff of the hospitals were suffering from physical and mental occupational injuries, respectively. Most of the occupational physical injuries were related to headache, neck pain, back pain and visual impairment, and most of the occupational psychiatric injuries were stress and anxiety. Female and single employees experienced significantly more occupational injuries. Working in a sitting position for a long time, lack of proper equipment operation, lack of safety and health facilities, insufficient training and carelessness of staff were the causes of musculoskeletal injuries.

About half of the hospital financial staff were found to suffer from occupational injuries. Occupational injuries had had direct and indirect costs for the employees and the hospitals. Hospital managers should plan and implement measures to eliminate or reduce occupational injuries at an individual, group, and organizational level.

Many factors, including human behavioral and attitudinal dimensions, effect on the perpetration of driving violations. This study has investigated the role of culture and attitude to driving in outbreak of violations among Internet taxi drivers in Sanandaj, with a sociological approach and based on the theoretical literature related to social action and behavior, especially the theory of rational action and planned behavior.

This study is a quantitative research and was conducted by survey method in 2020 year. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was verified in terms of validity and reliability. The statistical population of the study was SNAP drivers in Sanandaj with an approximate population of 10,000 people and according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 373 samples were estimated. The samples were selected by simple random sampling. To analyze the data Univariate statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, enter method multivariate regression analysis and path analysis was used.

The results showed that some aspects of driving culture have a more important role in the driving violations; so that a weaker driving culture is associated with more violations and vice versa. Also, a more positive driving attitude was associated with less violations and a more negative driving attitude was associated with more violations. The average of violations rate was higher in younger, single drivers, and people who hold their obtaining certificate for a shorter time. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of marital status, social responsibility, participation and pattern ability can explain together 25.5% of changes in the dependent variable.

According to the results of this study, social responsibility is one of the most important and strongest variables affecting driving violations and therefore should be given more attention in educational programs and policies.

This study aimed to assess the effect of different whitening toothpastes containing activated charcoal, abrasive particles or hydrogen peroxide on the color of aged microhybrid composite.

In this in vitro, experimental study, 45 composite discs (2 mm × 7 mm) were fabricated of a microhybrid composite.They underwent accelerated artificial aging for 300 h, corresponding to 1 year of clinical service. The composites were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 9). One group served as the control and underwent tooth brushing with distilled water. The remaining four groups underwent tooth brushing with Colgate Total whitening (Gt), Colgate Optic White (Go), Perfect White Black (Gp) and Bencer (Gb) toothpastes in a brushing machine The International Commission on Illumination values (Lm, am, bm) were determined using a spectrophotometer. Color change (ΔE) calculated based on this formula: ΔEm= ([ΔLm] 2 + [Δam] 2 + [Δbm] 2)½. The differences were defined by ΔE1 (after aging‑baseline),ΔE2 (after brushing‑after aging) and ΔE3 (after brushing‑base line). ΔE1 were evaluated to ensure that color mismatch had occurred (∆E1 > 5.5). Difference in (L, a, b) parameters after aging and after tooth brushing in each group, color parameter changes (ΔL2, Δa2, Δb2, ΔL3, Δa3, Δb3) and ΔE2 and ΔE3 were analyzed and compared usingWilcoxon test and independent sample median test at P = 0.05 level of significance.

The color parameter changes, ΔE3 and ∆ E2 were not significantly different among the five groups (P > 0.05). In Gp and Gb charcoal a*, b*, and L* after tooth brushing (P < 0.05). In Colgate Optic group, the a* parameter significantly decreased while the L* parameter significantly increased (P < 0.05).

The results showed that there is no significant difference in the color change of Spectrum composite following tooth brushing with different whitening toothpastes for two weeks. It should be noted that ∆ E3 reached to <3.3 only in charcoal whitening toothpastes.

Parkinson's disease is the most common neurological disorder after Alzheimer's, which is caused by a decrease in the brain's ability to produce dopamine. There are several ways to reduce the effects of this disease so far, but unfortunately these have many side effects. For this reason, many attempts have been made to find non-invasive alternative methods that are generally ineffective due to the cost, system weight, and so on.In this paper, the active method is used to reduce the transmitted vibration to the device. In the proposed scheme, the vibration of the hand is first identified using an ANFIS filter and then by two electric motors and the designed mechanism, a reverse motion is applied using the predictive controller. The simulation results show the system performance in following voluntary movements and eliminating spontaneous vibration from Parkinson's disease.

Reducing fossil fuels and air pollution is one of the biggest problems in today's society, which has led to policy attention towards the use of one of the cleanest and cheapest renewable energy, wind energy. In this study, the evaluation of wind energy potential in Yazd province has been investigated. Assessment of average annual wind speed in Yazd province based on daily wind speed data in Synoptic stations of Yazd, Bafgh, Marvast, Herat, Gariz, Aghda, Bahabad, Mehriz, Meybod, Abarkooh and almond orchard during 2000 to 2017 Is. Also, to draw the flowers of the mentioned stations from the direction and wind data, three synoptic hours of the mentioned stations have been done by wrplot software and calculations have been done by Weibull probability distribution, and then the annual power density at heights of 10 and 50 meters. It is obtained that one-seventh of the power is used to estimate the wind speed at altitudes above 10 meters. Based on the calculations performed at an altitude of 50 meters, the wind energy potential in Yazd province was 37.42, 46, 57.75, 70.48, 77.02, 82.26, 85, 86.27, 89.03, 93.76 and 202 watt per square meter is obtained per unit area. The results show that Herat, Abarkooh, Meybod, Aqda, Gariz and Marvast stations have good potential compared to other parts of the province to use wind energy, respectively. Also, all calculations were performed using EES and Excel software.

Understanding and self-awareness of spiritual emotions as well as paying attention to the presence and need for God when a spiritual experience occurs are among the topics that have been emphasized in Islamic sources.This study aims to provide a model of emotional-spiritual self-awareness based on the teachings of Islam.The present research is of qualitative type and the documentary community in it is the verses of the Quran and the narrations of the books of Shiite hadith.The sample of this research is 45 propositions that are related to emotional-spiritual self-awareness and have been selected using judgmental (purposeful) sampling method.Facing the spiritual realm, introspective self-evaluation and relating spiritual emotion to divine attributes are the three main components that were extracted for the emotional-spiritual self-awareness model.Also, the four main areas of prayer, creation, entanglement and self-nature were identified as common areas of spiritual experiences.This research is done according to the existing gap in the field of emotional approach to spirituality and explains emotional-spiritual self-awareness based on Islamic texts

Nowadays, Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are widely used to provide full security on computer networks. IDS are categorized into two primary types, including signature-based systems and anomaly-based systems. The former is more commonly used than the latter due to its lower error rate. The core of a signature-based IDS is the pattern matching. This process is inherently a computationally intensive task, and in the worst case, about 80% of the total processing time of an IDS is spent on it. On the other hand, the rapid development of network bandwidth and high link speeds, which in turn leads to a loss of a large number of inbound packets in the network intrusion detection system, has posed challenges as crucial factors limiting the performance of this type of system. Snort is a signature-based NIDS that is highly interested due to being open-source, free, and easy to use. To resolve the challenges mentioned above, we propose an enhanced version of Snort, which is enriched by exploiting two key ideas. The first idea is the filtering of unnecessary packets based on a blacklist of source IP addresses. This filter is used as a preprocessing mechanism to improve the efficiency of the Snort. However, the packet filtering speed is decreased by increasing the network traffic volumes. Therefore, to accelerate the function of this mechanism, we have proposed a second crucial idea. The data-parallel nature of snort functions lets us parallelize two main computationally intensive functions of it on the graphical processing unit. These functions include the lookup on the blacklist filter in the preprocessing stage and the signature matching of Snort, which completes the intrusion detection process. For parallelizing the preprocessing step of Snort, first, a blacklist is provided from the DARPA dataset. Next, this blacklist is transferred together with the Snort ruleset to the global memory of the GPU. Finally, each thread concurrently matches each packet against the blacklist filters. For parallelizing the signature matching step of Snort, the well-known pattern matching algorithm of Boyer-Moore is parallelized similarly.Evaluation results show that the proposed method, by up to 30 times faster than the sequential version, significantly improves the blacklist-based filtering performance. Also, the efficiency of the proposed method in using GPU resources for parallel intrusion detection is 81 percent higher than the best state-of-the-art method.

This research was conducted in order to identify the concept of responsibility and extract its components from Islamic sources - including verses, hadiths and opinions of Islamic thinkers.
The method of this research is qualitative content analysis of religious texts with an interpretive approach in which the word in question and its synonyms in dictionaries were first searched.
In the next stage, the words found were found in Islamic sources and after summarizing the findings, the components were taken from the results of verses and hadiths. Then, by presenting the obtained components to experts in psychology and religious sciences, the level of relevance and necessity of the components for the documents as well as the accuracy of the inference of the components from the documents were evaluated by the researcher.
According to experts, the approved components of responsibility are cognitive components (awareness of responsibility), emotional (persistence in responsibility and concern) and behavioral components (care, accountability, fulfillment of responsibility, perseverance in action, struggle and Lack of laxity, being task-oriented and not making excuses).

The aim of this study was to construct a Ihsan questionnaire in interpersonal relationships based on Islamic sources. Data were collected using two methods of content analysis of religious texts and a survey of verses and hadiths. According to the opinion of ten experts in religious sciences and psychology, the findings of the research in the qualitative section, for benevolence, 41 signs in 6 theoretical components entitled “social utility”, “positive relationships”, “positive thinking”, “influence-desirability”, “ abstinence “ and “ totality “. Based on this, the initial items were designed and then, according to ten experts, 130 items were designed and implemented in the statistical community. After statistical analysis on the data, the initial Ihsan questionnaire with 121 items was prepared and compiled. Residents of Pardisan of Qom (2016-2017) were surveyed by a survey method to evaluate the validity and reliability of the initial Ihsan scale in a sample of 85 people from the statistical population. The opinions of ten experts were used to evaluate the validity of the content of symptoms and items. To obtain the construct validity, the correlation (Pearson) of each item with the total score was calculated and the results showed the desired validity. In the validity of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.83 and Guttmann halving coefficient was 0.90 and Spearman-Brown halving coefficient was 0.91.

Today, with the growth of technology and expansion of electronic banking equipment and services, the use of banking services has become very simple. The existence of this space has created an opportunity for financial crimes despite some social advantages. In the present study, we are going to present novel and efficient strategies in order to prevent skimming attacks by collecting information from the Fata Police of Hamadan Province as well as collecting various methods available and the methods used in this type of attacks and considering the existing infrastructure in the banking system, existing information and communication technology, and the prevailing sanctions that have made access to some technologies difficult. In this research, according to the studies, a practical and applicable design in the form of codes in Java space was presented as an applicable software for mobile phones in order to use NFC technology which can play an important role significantly in controlling and reducing skimming crimes, reducing the cost of issuing bank cards by banks, and reducing all kinds of risks and attacks by thieves.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and explain the changes and developments in the process of theorizing Velayat-e-Faqih in the second period of the Islamic Republic. Using a "trend analysis model" and a descriptive-analytical method, this study showed that after the changes in the constitution, the process of ideation about Velayat-e-Faqih due to factors such as: legitimacy of Velayat-e-Faqih, openness of public sphere, strengthening religious institutions and emerging issues, It has found a new direction, and Issues such as: the nature of the legitimacy of Velayat-e-Faqih, the relationship of Velayat-e-Faqih with the constitution, the consequences of absolute Velayat-e-Faqih, Velayat-e-Faqih or representation of citizenship, Velayat-e-Faqih or supervision of Faqih and reinterpretation of Absolute Velayat-e-Faqih have been discussed in public. Restrictive factors such as the continuation of stabilization of the Islamic Republic period and formal and informal opposition in this period are also considered as obstacles to ideation in the field of Velayat-e-Faqih.