فهرست مطالب maryam mohammadi

Understanding an urban environment is a mental process carried out through the relationship between man and his surrounding space. Human receives sensory messages from the environment and creates an image of the environment in his mind. One of the effective factors in the formation of this image is individual or collective memories of the environment. Memorable spaces are spaces that people have already experienced and are familiar with. The more familiar the spaces in the environment, the easier it is to communicate with. Finding familiar spaces will make you feel safe and calm in the environment. The lack of memory in the city is one characteristic of the generic city. This research paper aims to examine the impact of specific events on the promotion of collective memory in a given space. This research paper utilizes a qualitative approach, focusing on the case study of 30Tir Street. In measuring the event and memory, the data has been collected through the documentary method (referring to the available documents and sources, including books related to the events of each of the religions of Islam, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity, as well as national and international calendars) and interviews. During the analysis phase, the findings from documentary studies and quantitative documents were examined using Colaizzi's 7-step method. The next step will involve a qualitative method and inferential strategy. The target groups in the interviews were people of different religions. In general, a total of 16 Iranian Muslim respondents, 14 Armenian Christian respondents, and 9 Zoroastrian Iranian respondents participated in the evaluation process and the interview. Due to the lower percentage of Zoroastrian residents compared to other groups, the interviewed people in this group have a smaller number. This was why the number of interviewees differed. Due to time and communication constraints, access to the Jewish residents in the area was not feasible, leading to their exclusion from the research identification and analysis process. Theoretical saturation, in the answers, has been effective in determining the sample size, and the sampling method was based on the snowball method for the interviewees and the random method for the residents. The duration of the interview was about 30 to 45 minutes. Based on the results, the events that led to the creation of positive internal states in people and also have a rich historical origin are more probable and acceptable. In this definition, the cultural and historical roots of the event are important and therefore, religious differences in this phrase are not the priority. Also, events are more popular when they create pleasant and positive feelings in people. Therefore, events such as Norouz for Muslim Iranians and Zoroastrians and Christmas for Christian Armenians, which cause internal positive feelings, are the priority. The second priority is the events that are popular among the two groups. Zoroastrian and Muslim Iranians both welcome events that have a national origin. This issue has a rich historical origin, perhaps from the rich cultural roots and common events of ancient Iran for these two groups, and therefore the majority have a good feeling towards this group. A higher level of interpersonal integration is a common feature between Christian Armenians and Muslim Iranians. Finally, the factors that make the events popular in only one of these groups are the third priority of the characteristics of future events. Paying attention to both the private and public aspects is important for Muslim Iranians, given the significance of family, cultural restrictions, and the scale of the event. The religious significance of the event is primarily important only to the Christian group. It is notable that in most cases of Christian events, there is a greater emphasis on the religious or cultural origin of the event. Taking into account the attributes of events, such as time, intricacy, and scope, along with all the factors that can influence participant satisfaction or dissatisfaction, are crucial aspects of event management. In addition, considering the event-oriented category, strengthening the existing platforms and creating new platforms to increase the possibility of forming collective memories and considering the importance of the physical flexibility of these platforms, as well as preparing the minds of the public and providing accurate information for them about holding events, are some recommendations that can improve the collective memory in the case study as much as possible. Finally, attention to the multicultural nature of this street and considering the relationship between various socio-religious groups using 30-Tir Street can strengthen two main concepts of this research.

Sociological analysis and evaluation of literary works, especially contemporary poetry, through obtaining the intellectual background and possible awareness and worldview of the poet, reveals the various intellectual structures of the society of which the artist is considered a member. Natural symbols, which are taken from the world around the poet, can reflect the worldview of the poet in a sociological reading. This research aims to achieve the dominant intellectual system in the thought of these poets by analyzing contemporary poetry and natural symbols in the poetry of Mahdi Akhwan Al-Talihi, Ahmad Shamlou and Forough Farrokhzad based on Lewis Goldman"s sociological theory.

In its sociological perspective, the forward-looking essay has used the descriptive-analytical library method and has reread the text of the selected poems in the framework of the theory of sociological criticism with a focus on the works and writings of Lucien Goldman.

Lucien Goldman, a famous sociologist, relies on his theory of developmental structuralism to decode and analyze the society reflected in literary works and emphasizes that literary works create the society within itself with all its hidden and visible angles and dimensions. he does. The third brotherhood, Shamlou and Farrokhzad are all three poets whose sociological attention to various aspects and angles of life, problems, political and cultural atmosphere of the society can be followed in their poems.

The results of this research show that all three poets, especially in the second period of their poetry and from a year after the coup d"etat of August 28, 1332, reacted against the social categories of the era and as an activist, political activist and social critic, they were able to deal with contradictions, ruins, poverty. , express injustice, tyranny, etc. with symbolism with the help of natural elements in an effective way and present a clear picture of the second Pahlavi society.

Intangible cultural heritage is a bridge that connects the past to the present and the present to the future. The intangible heritage of Gorgan has also brought the dynamism and vitality of Gorgan's historical context from long ago to the present day by flowing in the neighborhood centers. these centers are Takāya of the city. The Takaya of the city is the arena of manifestation of living culture and a public place to show cultural and religious solidarity. This article, with the aim of "introducing and documenting the intangible heritage and living culture of the Gorgan in relation to the urban and neighborhood centers of the city (Takāya)", relies on written and oral documents. This study has recorded and introduced this heritage of Gorgan through document study and interviews. A study that shows that some of these legacies are still active (Such as Toqh Bāndān, Halīm-Pazī, Sobhe Ruo-Siāh and Shām-i Gharībān), some of them have changed (Such as Daste-Gardāni, Pā-Manbarī, Daste-Choubī) and some of them (Such as women's ta'ziya) have also been forgotten. Considering the interrelated relationship between Takaya's structure and the intangible heritage of the city, this dual relationship has provided better conservation.

Having children is one of the important factors in the development of society and country. This research was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of educational intervention based on the stages of change on the attitude and behavior of married women to have children.

This Quasi experimental study was conducted on 80 married women (40 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group) under the cover of Saman Health Center Mashhad in 2022. Sampling was done by simple random method. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Educational program was held in 4 sessions for one month for the intervention group and the participants in both groups answered the questionnaire questions before and 3 months after the intervention. The data was analyzed by SPSS 20. 

The mean attitude scores of women in the intervention group before and 3 months after the intervention were 16.01±2.21, 17.85±2.06. Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between education and women's attitude towards having children (P<0.01). Also, the educational intervention had an effect on changing behavior of women for having children (P>0.05).

The educational intervention in this study was able to significantly improve the attitude of married women in the field of childbearing. However, it is suggested that in the future programs of individuals, the stages of preparation and action in educational interventions should also be considered.

 This study was conducted to determine how the theory of planned behavior (TPB) can be applied as a theoretical framework for managing iron deficiency anemia among student girls.

 This quasi-experimental study was conducted in descriptive and interventional phases on student girls residing in Fariman, Iran. In the descriptive phase, 200 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling. In the intervention phase, 80 students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected using two questionnaires. One questionnaire included questions about demographic variables, and the other was a TPB construct questionnaire. The educational program was held based on the TPB model for the intervention group in four sessions. The intervention was evaluated immediately and three months after the training session. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using repeated measures, ANOVA, t-tests, and linear correlation.

 In this study, the research sample consisted of 200 student girls with a mean age of 13.11±0.5. Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the average preventive nutrition behavior score between the two groups (P>0.05). However, after the education in the intervention group, the subjective norm score and perceived behavioral control increased from 8.19±0.98 to 8.88±1.2 and from 18.1±3.6 to 19.8±3.3, respectively. In addition, intention and preventive behavior increased from 14.6±2 to 16.05±1.9 and from 24.8±4.5 to 26.9±4.1, respectively. These differences were found to be statistically significant (P>0.05).

 The results of this study demonstrated that educational interventions based on the TPB model can be effective in promoting preventive behaviors for anemia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two types of diode lasers with wavelengths 980 nm and 810 nm and Er: YAG laser on the level of surface roughness of Sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs.

In this in vitro experimental study, in the 2017 - 2018 years at the research center of Professor Tarabinejad and the central laboratory of Isfahan University,17 SLA titanium discs with a diameter of 2.5 and a height of 2 mm were used. The samples were divided into three groups of five for three lasers and one group of two as the control group. The first group was irradiated with Er: YAG laser, the second group with diode laser 810 nm, and the third group with diode laser 980 nm; and no intervention was done for the control group. The surface roughness was then investigated using an SPM microscope and Ra and Rq parameters. The obtained data were compared using one analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test. The significance level was set at α= 0.05.

Analysis of the obtained data showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of Ra and Rq parameters among four groups.

Irradiation of diode lasers 810 and 980 and also Er: YAG, decontaminated the SLA titanium disc surfaces without damage. However, additional clinical trials will be needed to verify the results of the present study.

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a complex and potentially fatal hypersensitivity condition. We present a unique case report and literature review focusing on DRESS syndrome-associated myocarditis resulting from reactivated viral infections in a 21-year-old female. 3 weeks after 5-day oral co-trimoxazole consumption due to acne, she developed symptoms consistent with DRESS syndrome, including a generalized maculopapular rash. Despite prednisolone treatment, the patient developed fatal fulminant myocarditis linked to HHV-6 and CMV reactivation. The patient's death highlights the importance of early recognition and careful management of DRESS syndrome, especially considering the potential viral reactivation that can lead to severe complications. Postmortem investigations revealed that viral reactivation caused myocarditis. Careful consideration must be given to corticosteroid usage in DRESS treatment, as inappropriate prescribing may promote viral reactivation and subsequent complications. While high-dose corticosteroids initiated within the first week effectively suppress HHV-6 reactivation. Conversely, low-dose or late-start high-dose corticosteroids prove ineffective in preventing HHV-6 viremia. Late- onset or low- dose corticosteroids may lead to fatal complications following the primary viral reactivation.

Despite recent advancements in bionic upper limb prostheses technology, the rejection rate by users remains unacceptably high. Various factors contribute to this issue, such as limited functionality, complex control mechanisms, and discomfort, with most of these concerns being documented solely through self-assessment surveys. In this article, we introduce our proposed four components for an integrated bionic hand aimed at making it closely resemble a natural hand. These components i nclude an integrated intramedullary stem, a kineticomyographic motor control system, sensory feedback for stereognosis, and sensory feedback for proprioception. Level of evidence: V

Monumental structures are certainly the most common public buildings in Islamic architecture, being second only to mosques. Eight such structures were recorded during the survey of Bijar County of eastern Kurdistan province. These monumental buildings tend to share common plans and building materials. Given their position on the routes linking northwestern and western Iran as well as their proximity to the major political centres of Maragheh, Soltaniyeh and Takht-e Soleyman, these buildings, apart from a memorial function, perhaps beaconed caravans along the regional routes. Yet, these structures largely remain unaddressed by any systematic work. The main objective of the present study is to publish these buildings so as to give a more refined picture of the regional route networks in the Islamic period. The comparisons and discrepancies detected between these structures in the study area and the nearby regions, notably the Zanjan plain, characterized by environmental and cultural settings almost identical to the Garrus region, can be of great help in this regard. Accordingly, the questions considered here are: 1) What factors played a role in the emergence of these monuments in the region? 2) How did previous architectural traditions affect their formation? And, 3) To what extent are these buildings effective in reconstructing the ancient routes, and where in the region do they find comparisons in form and building materials? Social, religious and political factors have informed the development of towers in the region during the Seljuk and Ilkhanid rules. Adjacency to major coeval political centres, safety of the routes thanks to vigorous local rulers, and favorable environmental conditions (access to water and the presence of numerous villages along the routes) are the most remarkable of such factors. Previous traditions and modeling on earlier standing towers from the historical (Sassanian) and Islamic periods played a notable part in the construction of the regional guidance towers. Affinities to the standing structures in the neighboring regions, including the Khoein Tower, the mausoleum of the Prophet Qeydar, the tomb tower at Kahriz Siah Mansur (Ijrud) in Zanjan province, and their comparisons with the monumental structures of the Bijar region, apart from contributing to the reconstruction of the past route networks, attest to their original function as navigational aid. The study adapts a historical-descriptive approach and builds on field surveys, documentation in photo, and looking up related information in historical texts and library documents.

Criticism based on psychological analysis is a relatively new science that can be used to study the epistemology and ontology of the works and thoughts of Persian language poets. In this research, the researcher aims to analyze the military figure using the psychological analytical approach of the shadow. This research is descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of the research is the story of seven military figures, which is analyzed according to Jung's shadow theory. The shadow has appeared in the military figure with traits such as credulity, greed, lust and desire for extramarital relations with women, pride and arrogance. Nizami explains the way to get rid of these bad qualities (shadow) in thinking and conversation and honesty (the second story), piety and humility (the story of Beshr and Malikha), acquiring knowledge and knowledge (the story of Lady Hesari), purity and good intentions and repentance (The story of Mahan and Divan), cleanness (the story of good and evil) and the acceptance of error and repentance (the seventh story) are introduced. All the heroes of the seven stories were honest people, trustworthy and pure in appearance. But in the vicissitudes of life, their feet slipped and they were caught in calamities. Nizami in this system by showing the possibility of mistakes and tremors for all people, even people with positive human characteristics, shows that in the end, due to the good nature they have, these people have overcome their shadow and overcome their mistakes. and the calamity in which they were caught, they will save you.

Making purposeful use of the natural environment, ecotourism plays a crucial role in empowering local communities, whose economy could be improved through the application of local knowledge. Therefore, this study sought to identify the formal-functional criteria affecting the success of internet-based ecotourism businesses, and the content criteria regarding the local knowledge and economy. Moreover, the study undertook to elaborate on the effective criteria involved in the success of the relevant businesses in Iran. To do so, first, the intended criteria were developed by reviewing the related literature and performing content analysis. Then, the criteria involved in the success or failure of some select Iranian internet-based ecotourism businesses (15 businesses out of the final 44 businesses qualified to be studied in this research, which had been selected and filtered out of 91 businesses in 2019) were identified via expert-oriented quantitative evaluation. Finally, 120 online questionnaires were administered to target groups (Ecotourists and tour guides). The collected data were then analyzed via the SPSS software using Gamma and Contingency Coefficient correlation tests, followed by the validation of the criteria involved in the success of the Iranian internet-based ecotourism businesses.As indicated by the results of the study, providing local guides, organizing tours in untouched regions, and providing the opportunity for tourists to participate in ritual ceremonies were found as the main criteria involved in the success of Internet-based businesses in terms of local knowledge. Moreover, the local-economy-based criteria included the creation of job opportunities by providing a variety of tourism activities and services, providing accommodation, food, services, food, car rental services, etc. On the other hand, offering financial and cultural-educational support through holding free educational courses together with other formal-functional aspects of the platform may also contribute to the success of the aforementioned businesses.

The prevalence of bullying behaviors in clinical education environments is an important obstacle for students' learning, because it has severe psychological consequences. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the incidence of bullying behaviors among medical students in clinical education environments.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019-2020 among medical, undergraduate nursing, midwifery, operating room technology, and anesthesiology students. The research environment consisted of selected teaching hospitals in Zanjan city, Iran, while the sampling method was stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the 18-item Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education (BBNE) questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 24.

Of the 391 participants, the majority (% 61.9) were women, single, with an average age of 22.88±1.71 years. The total bullying score was 16.46±13.44, which was considered low on the range of 0-90. The dimension of aggression towards the student's personality had the highest score of 7.29±6.54. A significant relationship existed between the total bullying score and age, field of study, marital status, place of residence, and semester (P<0.05).

The findings indicated a low occurrence of bullying among medical students. Additionally, those who were married, older, and highly educated were more vulnerable to being bullied. Universities ought to improve students' capacity to recognize bullying in clinical education surroundings and instruct them on how to react.

The art of glassware grew so much in the 5th and 6th centuries AH that it has always been mentioned as a glorious era in the history of glassmaking in Egypt and Iran. The glass artifacts of this period grew exponentially in terms of the variety of decorations, including carvings (linear, frame and embossed), enameling and gold-painted paintings. Painting with gold also became popular among the artists of this period, examples of which are obtained from Fustat. In terms of variety of products, the art of glassware of this period includes all kinds of narrow dishes, cups, vases, cups, jugs, lamps and even chess pieces. This research has been done in a comparative-historical method with reference to library sources with an analytical approach and seeks to answer the basic questions whether the study of glass patterns of the 5th and 6th centuries AH. AH can identify the commonalities or differences of this art in the two lands of Egypt and Iran? Do the similarities between the designs of this art in the two lands show the effect of its extensive trade with neighboring regions? In the meantime, important cities such as Fustat, Alexandria, Cairo and then in Iran, Neishabour, Rey, Gorgan, Susa and Siraf were introduced as glass manufacturing centers at that time. Manufacturing techniques in the glass industry in the 5th and 6th centuries AH. AH has been used in Egypt to achieve the components of decorative motifs and ornaments. Hence, various motifs, including plant, animal, geometric and written,

Personality disorders can play a significant role in creating and perpetuating sexual function problems in women. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between personality patterns and types of female orgasms. The method of the present study was correlational and a sample of 400 women in Tehran was selected by convenience sampling. Tests used to collect data were Millon 3 questionnaires (MCMI-III); Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSFI); Orgasm Scale Assessment (ORS). According to the results, the highest disorder was related to the satisfaction subscale and the lowest percentage of the research sample was in the orgasm subscale (25.9%) and in the subscales of desire, arousal, humidity, and pain, respectively, the percentage of the research sample was 31, 32, 26.3, and 31.4%. According to the results, the narcissism and negativity subscales had a significant relationship with the types of orgasm (P <0.05) and the other subscales had no significant relationship. According to the results of logistic regression, avoidance, sadism, and borderline subscales were able to predict the types of orgasms and the coefficients of other paths in the regression model did not have significant coefficients (P <0.05).

“Syntactic voice” is a grammatical characteristic that is classified within the “syntactic level of style” group, and its “semantic function” is to recognize the author’s point of view through the grammatical structure.; In simple words, grammatical voice measures the relation of the verb in the current sentences with other participants in the current process; predicate which has a special place in English grammar, is the basis of basic voice divisions from Klaiman's point of view. The basic voice as an old voice refers to the location and activeness of the verb or the predicate of the sentence; The "control" and "non- control" predicates, which are included among the "lexical predicates" of this grammar, are, respectively, with the nucleus and the role of the subject of the sentence; Or with prepositional verbs, they are known and classified as basic voices. The diversity in Kleiman's base voice, by classifying predicate types, explains his theory from the perspective of the "semantic function of predicate types"; And the fifty-third letter, having many and varied verbs, is a suitable platform for the present research. Based on the descriptive and analytical method, And also in order to express the level of conformity, between the base voice and control and non-control predicates, in the fifty-third letter, this essay presents the following product: 264 verbs from the fifty-third letter of Nahj al-Balagha, represent the basic voice, of which the active voice class is exclusively active, with 114 verbs, which have made an important point, are consistent with the division of predicate types from Klaiman's point of view.

This work considers a numerical method based on the 2D-hybrid block-pulse functions and normalized Bernstein polynomials to solve 2D-nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of the second type. These problems are reduced to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations and solved by Newton's iterative method along with the numerical integration and collocation methods. Also, the convergence theorem for this algorithm is proved. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed method.

Cafes have a special place for users and are spaces for spending leisure time, a sense of relaxation and a platform for informal activities that are contrary to the discourse of power. The purpose of this article is to analyze the atmosphere prevailing in the cafes of Daneshgah Boulevard in Zahedan city. In this regard, Bourdieu's theoretical approach and his Field Theory have been used. The research method of this research is qualitative and based on the analysis of the viewpoints of the cafe owners and baristas of the selected cafes on this street. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. For this purpose, two types of cafes on this Boulevard (8 cafes in total), including take-out cafes and coffee shops, were selected, and 12 people were interviewed. Based on the obtained results, two types of coffee and espresso consumption habitus (among natives) and going to cafes (mostly among students) were observed. The fields mentioned in the investigation of cafes included the economic, socio-cultural, political and power fields. By using different strategies, cafe owners try to attract different users, and there is a difference between the actions and activities of natives and students. Examining the relationship between the identified categories showed that the core categories include changing habitus, increasing coffee consumption and turning cafes into quasi-public spaces that attract people under the influence of causal conditions such as the desire to change the social position, the changeability of habitus and the use of coffee for treatment. Cafe users' action against these changes was to accept new habitus and, at the same time, localize consumption and space. The consequences of this action were the weakening of restrictions, improvement of the economy, communication, and thinking

One of the attractions in Zahedan, especially on Daneshgah Boulevard, is cafes that have expanded on this street. A variety of cafes in the form of take-out cafes and coffee shops has attracted the local community and students and led to the vitality and dynamism of this street. The tradition of going to cafes in Zahedan dates back to ten years ago, and coffee consumption has become a dominant culture among the natives. The questions of this research are: 
-What are the habitus of cafe users and their activities, and how are these habitus affected by Field Theory? 
In order to answer them, Bourdieu's analytical approach has been used to formulate the conceptual framework of this research. Despite the fact that the third place, the public realm or other approaches have been used in the other studies, this study aims to make a profound and interpretive analysis of cafes by using the dimensions of this theory.

As a qualitative research, the purpose of this study is to analyze the cafes and habitus in Zahedan City. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Three general and related issues have been questioned as the habitus, different fields and types of activities and practices. The target group of the research was 12 cafe owners and baristas on Daneshgah Boulevard of Zahedan. The cafe owners and baristas were asked about the habitus and practices of the cafe users. At the same time, in order to investigate the difference between the habitus of the research groups, i.e. natives and students, two types of cafes have been considered. The interviews were conducted in the winter of 2023 when the academic semester was still ongoing. The sample size was obtained according to the theoretical saturation and 3 take-out cafes and 5 coffee shops were selected. For choosing them first, by referring to the websites, the list of the best cafes in Zahedan was extracted, and two cafes (Pelas and Fenjun), which were on the top list and located on Daneshgah Boulevard, were selected. In the next step, Cafe de France, Cafe Honar, and Be Vaght-e Cafe were introduced by the cafe owners and baristas and were added to the list. Three take-out cafes (Cafe Tak, E.L.K Cafe and Mr. Raeis) were selected also. Cafe Tak is one of the oldest take-out cafes. For analyzing the data, the interviews were first coded and based on the conceptual framework; the layers related to the users' habitus were analyzed through Bourdieu's Field Theory. Then, grounded theory was applied to develop the research model. The process of coding, categorization, and the relationship between the categories in the form of defining the core category and identifying casual, context, and intervening conditions, as well as the action and interaction strategies, were considered.

Two types of habitus were identified; the habitus of consuming coffee and espresso, and more intensively, the consumption of espresso, which was more common among the natives, and the habitus of going to the coffee shops, which mainly was observed among the young, students, and women. Considering the function of cafes, economic, socio-cultural, political and power fields were also identified. Besides the analysis based on the field theory, categories have been identified for developing the conceptual model. Based on the interviews, 38 primary codes, 21 sub-categories and 11 main categories were defined. Moreover, the relationship between the categories and the concepts of the Field Theory were also examined and analyzed. The main categories include the changeability of habitus and lifestyle, changing the image of the city and social condition, the category of difference and distinction, freedom, spatial control, economy-oriented categories and strategy, economic orientation, and harmony of ethnic and critical thinking.
The core categories include two concepts as changing the habitus of the natives and increasing the consumption of coffee and espresso, and turning cafes into dynamic and active quasi-public spaces. The causal conditions included dynamic and acquired characteristics of habitus, coffee consumption as a treatment and the desire of natives and residents for socio-cultural change. The conditions that are affected by the specific time and place impressed the core categories, including the desire to change, the presence of students in the city, and the therapeutic use of coffee. Also, the categories related to the improvement of capital and the economic fields were recognized as effective. The intervening conditions that had an impression on the core categories included spatial monitoring and control, which impose restrictions on the acceptance of cafes as a public domain. The moderator conditions included differences and distinctions. Also, since the acceptance of habitus has positive effects on the city and natives, it can be identified as another moderator condition. For example, changing habitus and turning cafes into a dominant activity in the city promoted symbolic capital, changed the image of the city, and increased collective consensus. Also, the use of economic strategies by cafe owners has an influence on the core category. Action and interaction included different strategies. One of these strategies is localization and change in coffee consumption and space (different types of coffee shops and emphasis on some products). In other words, the concept of coffee and espresso for natives is different from its original concept. Also, the natives' strategy against this new habitus is to use its advantages to improve the economic, socio-cultural, and symbolic capital.

The aim of this research was to analyze the dominant atmosphere which influences the habitus related to cafes in Zahedan City. For this purpose, among different approaches to studying this issue, the Field Theory of Bourdieu was selected. This theory, on the one hand, is a unified approach and free from the dualities of subject/object, structure/agency, etc. On the other hand, by combining theory with practice and introducing a method, examine the issues with different fields such as society, culture and politics and their impact on habitus. So, it is a comprehensive and practical approach. Bourdieu's theory considers the detailed expansion of concepts' applied mechanisms and is different from similar concepts, so through it, examining the impact of concepts on each other is possible. Also, due to the comprehensiveness of this theory, the identified categories are related not only to the social and cultural layers but also to the political, ethnic, and economic layers. As another highlighted point, the case of Daneshgah Boulevard in Zahedan, which has been less studied in the urban planning discipline, led to the introduction of this street as a lively and dynamic space and as the symbolic capital of this city.

The purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of sharing management experiences in primary schools in order to provide a model.

The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included all primary school teachers of Central Province in the year 2001-2002, numbering 209 people. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the sample. The initial one included 253 items. Its validity was provided based on experts' opinion and its reliability coefficient was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method equal to 0.94. Data analysis was done based on Pearson correlation tests and structural equation modeling.

the results showed that there is a significant difference between the current and desired status of organizational learning components (group cooperation, job involvement, job motivation, organizational trust, review of managers' evaluation, organizational climate, knowledge management, job security, organizational commitment, and organizational learning) at the level of 01/01 There is a significant P≤0. Also, the results showed that the studied model had a relatively favorable fit.

One of the most important indicators of the effectiveness of managers in schools is the sharing of managerial experiences, which senior education officials can use the components of group cooperation, job involvement, job motivation, organizational trust, reviewing the evaluation of managers, Organizational climate, knowledge management, job security, organizational commitment, and organizational learning contribute to this important issue.

One of the most critical and fundamental issues about human mental health in the middle years of life and the elderly is Mild Cognitive Impairments (MCI), known as the precursor stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, conducting scientific studies on people with MCI is vital due to the intermediate role of these problems and their pathological position as a prognosis for more severe cognitive impairments. The lack of research exploring key factors affecting the well-being of individuals with MCI, combined with the absence of conceptual and structural models in this domain, underscores the importance of this study. Given the rising life expectancy and the growing aging population, it critical to focus on enhancing the mental and cognitive-emotional abilities of middle-aged and elderly individuals. By identifying the influential elements across various aspects of MCI, clinicians can develop tailored rehabilitation programs and interventions that address the specific needs and bolster the weaknesses of those affected by cognitive deficits. Therefore, this research investigates the mediating role of ego strength in how attachment styles impact executive functions in individuals with MCI.

The present study was a cross-sectional correlational study. The statistical population includes all people over 40 years of age in Tehran, Iran, with mild pathological symptoms of cognitive impairments who were referred to the Alzheimer’s Association of Tehran in the second six months of 2022. In this study, 364 people were selected using the available sampling method. The criteria for entering the research include being 40 years old or older (being in the age group of the middle-aged and elderly), the presence of mild pathological diagnostic criteria (noted in the file of people referring to the Alzheimer’s Association of Iran by an expert), obtaining a score lower than 27 in the short mental status assessment scale, agreeing to participate in the study, responding to the scales and tools used, mastering the Persian language, and having a sixth-grade education or higher. The exclusion criteria of the research were being under 40 years old (given that 40 is considered the end of youth and the beginning of middle age), incomplete completion of research tools, the presence of severe physical or psychiatric disorders, suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or advanced dementia, and severe sensory-motor and physical disabilities. In this research, ethical considerations were taken into consideration, including the principle of secrecy and confidentiality, the consent of each person to participate in the research, and the possibility of withdrawing cooperation in case of unwillingness. The research tools were the Brief Mental Status Assessment Scale (MMSE), Attachment Styles Questionnaire (RASS), Adult Executive Function Scale (ADEXI), Ego Strength Questionnaire (PIES), and Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFI). Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling, and SPSS version 24, and AMOS version 24 software were used for data analysis.

The study results revealed the fit of the desired model. Furthermore, the direct effect of the variable of secure attachment to the variable of executive functions was insignificant (T=0.243, β=0.012). The direct effect of the variable of avoidant attachment on the variable of executive functions was insignificant (T=1.236, β=0.064). The direct effect of the anxious attachment variable on the executive functions variable was insignificant (T=-0.643, β=-0.036). The direct effect of the ego strength variable on the executive functions variable was insignificant (T=9.736, β=0.793). The direct effect of the secure attachment variable on the ego strength variable is significant (T=3.681, β=0.187). The direct effect of the avoidant attachment variable on the ego strength variable is significant (T=3.213, β=0.165). Additionally, the direct path effect of the anxious attachment variable to ego strength was significant (T=-6.592, β=-0.363). In addition, the obtained results indicate the indirect effect of the variable of secure attachment to the variable of executive functions through ego strength (β=0.138, P=0.002), the indirect effect of the variable of avoidant attachment to the variable of executive functions through ego strength means (β=0.204, P=0.002), and the indirect effect of the anxious attachment variable on the executive functions variable through ego strength were significant (β=-0.196, P=0.001). In addition, ego strength had a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and executive function symptoms.

According to the results of this study, seemingly, in addition to the existence of genetic and hereditary preparations in people suffering from cognitive impairments, attachment styles, specifically with the role that ego strength plays in this, can play parts in the beginning or progression of executive dysfunctions. The results of this study can be a point of hope for further studies in this field and help in formulating interventions to increase the ego capability of people with mild cognitive impairments whose executive functions are somehow impaired.

Considering that a native model for sharing managerial experiences is not available for primary school principals, however, this group of principals seriously need such a model to improve the level of their managerial experiences. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify strategies for sharing management experiences in primary schools.

The research method was qualitative-phenomenological. The research environment included all primary school principals over 25 years of experience, which was continued by purposeful sampling method until the saturation of sampling up to 29 people. In-depth interviews were used to gather the required data. Data analysis is coded, open, axial and selective.

In general, the research findings showed 253 open codes, 10 selected codes (job security, organizational trust, job motivation, knowledge management, evaluation review, organizational commitment, job conflict, open organizational atmosphere, group cooperation, Organizational learning) and 29 core codes (learning management models, learning learns, learning new methods, collaborating for improvement, collaborating to find resources, collaborating for integration, motivation for school growth and development, individual motivation, social motivation, evaluating principal participation, evaluation Learning leadership, school process evaluation, knowledge storage, knowledge organization, knowledge sharing, trust in the organization, trust in colleagues, trust in the job, normative commitment, emotional commitment, continuous commitment, free communication with each other, informality, delegation Perfectionism, inspiration from the environment, job stability, job accreditation, job comfort) were extracted in relation to strategies for sharing the experiences of school principals.

Primary school management is the most important educational course for children and therefore needs to address their weaknesses on the one hand and their growth, development and promotion on the other hand. Sharing the experiences of primary school principals is one of the important strategies that Improving the quality of primary schools is multifaceted.

The issue of urban facade preferences for users is one of the most important issues in the field of urban design. The answer to this question has been considered by researchers in the form of various objective and subjective methods. This study intends to use machine learning method as a predictable approach to evaluate the preferences and also desirability of urban facades for users. Therefore, the aim of the research is to design a predictive model that its output is the level of user preferences of residential facades in Tehran. According to the expected output, the data provided to the model consists of residential facade image. Due to the necessity of standard data in the machine learning process, residential facade images submitted to the Tehran City Facade and Landscape Commission in the years 2016 to 2019 have been used. Out of the original 800 images, 278 images were chosen in selection process. The input of this predictive model is images along with features. The features considered in this research have been obtained using the approach of visual preferences and image processing. The issue of whether the physical characteristics related to the visual preferences approach and the statistical characteristics obtained with the image processing technique both have an effect on the level of visual preference was tested with machine learning and the results showed that the use of both the feature provide better results. Since the supervised machine learning method has been used, it was necessary to present the labels to the machine. Therefore the number of preferences were carried out through an online questionnaire by users (218) in four categories of low preferences (0-25%), medium (50-26%), good (51-75%) and very good (100-76%). By selecting the models and determining the amount of 80 to 20 as the training to test data volume, the learning process was carried out and then using the confusion matrix, the validity of the models used in machine learning was tested. Also, to ensure the predictability of the machine, at the end, some new facades which were neither training nor test data were presented to the machine and the degree of predictability of their visual preference was checked by the machine and with the result of the survey. Based on the results, three algorithms of support vector machine, decision tree and random forest with 100% accuracy and X-G-Boost method with 97% accuracy have performed best. Based on the results, the importance of the influence of elements on users' preferences, includes the minimum distance between windows, the ratio of transparent to opaque surface in the facade, the presence of gardens in the balcony, the variety of materials, the maximum distance between windows, the number of openings, the length of the balcony, the number of balconies, the number of floors, the variety of colors, the decorations used on the roof, the type of roof lines (continuous, discontinuous), the number of entrances, and the ratio of the height to the length of the building.

The examination of users’ emotions through social media has developed into an impactful domain across diverse scientific fields, appealing not only to business proprietors and politicians but also to general users. In the meantime, this field has infiltrated urban studies and has been used by urban planners and designers due to its methodology; whether in the form of research that aims solely at emotion analysis or as an integrated layer within broader research endeavors. The aim of this article is to explain this field in the analysis of urban emotions as modeling methods in order to identify the position of this field in urban studies by examining the importance of emotion and the methods of its study in the city.

This research used the supervised machine learning approach and analyzed the sentiments of tweets related to eight major cities in Iran. The data collection consists of 930 tweets that were collected in a period of 10 years from 2011 to 2022. Initially, over 5000 tweets were collected, and during the tagging process, 80% of them were excluded due to their limited relevance to the city, emphasizing tweets related to urban space. The name of cities and tourist areas were searched to establish a balance between positive and negative data. The tweets are downloaded through Twitter streaming API and the metadata along with the text, including the number of retweets, number of likes and tweet ID, language and location. The data sets have been used for machine training after standard and normalization steps. In this research, the ratio of training data to testing data is 80 to 20. According to the supervised approach, the data were labeled by the researcher with three negative, neutral, and positive labels, and where the researcher had doubts, the opinions of two other experts were used. In general, both machine learning and deep learning have been used. In order to check the validity of the model and to test it, the confusion matrix has been used.

Firstly, the machine was trained based on 3 algorithms that were used in many research related to text sentiment analysis. Based on the test results presented on the confusion matrix, the accuracy of the trained machine in determining the polarity of the text in three polarities was defined. Among the three used algorithms, support vector machine and random forest have performed better than other algorithms. Given that the model’s highest accuracy was approximately 70%, deep learning was employed to train the machine in order to assess the potential for achieving improved results. In the following, machine learning with a convolutional neural network algorithm and a hybrid algorithm were considered. At first, the machine was trained using a convolutional neural network. The results of the accuracy of the model showed that the model is predictable by up to 75%. Next, an attempt was made to improve the predictive accuracy of the model by writing a hybrid algorithm based on the convolutional neural network. The architecture of this network is such that two types of data are considered as input to the neural network, text data and other features in the data set, including location, number of retweets, number of likes, city codes and searched content (as metadata). Therefore, based on this input and output (classification based on the polarity of the text by the researcher), the machine was trained and finally tested. As depicted in the structure of the hybrid algorithm, the significance of the text is assigned a weight of 90%, while the importance of metadata is weighted 10%. It should be noted that different percentages were given to the importance of each of the inputs and the predictability accuracy of the model was checked. As the model test results show, the designed algorithm has improved the predictability of the machine by 4%.

In this article, sentiment analysis based on model-oriented methods - machine learning and deep learning - was scrutinized, and therefore, while comparing it with traditional methods and lexical methods, the process of urban sentiment analysis was developed and the different levels of the process were described in detail. As stated, these methods have many advantages and can be useful for analyzing the current situation or predicting different urban projects. Besides, compared to traditional methods, they are less expensive, faster and have sufficient accuracy. According to the appropriate capability of the trained machine, this machine can predict the polarity of the data. This means that by using the text data published in social networks, it is possible to analyze the feelings of users. Certainly, when these data are geodatabases, there is also the capability to geolocate emotions. This approach allows for a swift, accurate, and cost-effective general assessment of city spaces. By identifying areas where users perceive negative emotions, the reasons can be investigated and addressed accordingly. This research has been innovative in two aspects, 1) preparing a collection of data related to the sentiment of Persian language users related to the city and 2) analyzing urban sentiment in the country using machine learning in the field of urban planning and design. Some limitations of this research include limited access to all data published on Twitter using Twitter streaming API; the small amount of available and relevant data; low use of Twitter by users due to filtering; and the unavailability of financial resources to prepare and use a larger set of data.

Forts are among the evidences that are central to understanding administrative-political sovereignty. Qal’ehDokhtar is a fort with a special position in Kerman’s history thanks to the measures its builders had taken regardingits approach and security. The present contribution aimed to analyze and expound upon the spatial relationships inQal’eh Dokhtar’s architecture using the space syntax technique. The dataset deriving from the field surveys andhistorical texts was analyzed in Depthmap software. The results showed that the so-called “ruler’s residence” hadthe highest spatial depth, and its difficult access furnished the security inherent in such a residence. Furthermore, inlight of the parameters of control and entropy, the eastern quarter of the fort was found to exhibit the lowest level ofboth access and control across the fort. In terms of connectivity, Court I enjoyed the highest level of accessibility,continuity, and spatial coherence with the remaining spaces at the complex as they all clustered around this centralcourtyard. Court II showed the highest degree of integration. It was probably home to the administrative body,and perhaps also supplied the services to other quarters, as suggested by the passageways linking it to the differentparts of the fort.

Coronavirus has become a global pandemic since early 2019. More than180 countries around the world are involved with COVID-19. One of the effective methods to monitor, detect, warn early, prevent, and control is Information Technology. This study is a  scoping review. This study aimed to describe the novel information technologies used during the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature was searched for types of information technologies on COVID-19 with the help of libraries, electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of sciences), and search engines available at Google. In this study, three groups of telemedicine technologies including telediagnosis, telemonitoring, and teleconsultation were selected. In addition, several unique technologies such as artificial intelligence, smart wearable devices, big data, neural networks, robots, chatbots, close contact detectors, Internet of Things (IoT), smart drones, Electronic Health Records, and thermal scanners were included. More than 150 resources were collected, 68 of whom were selected based on their relevancy during 2021. The results showed that the role of modern technologies in healthcare systems monitoring was crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, telemedicine is one of the solutions that has been equivalent to or even better than face-to-face medicine, and governments should better learn about the experiences of different countries in the use and their branches such as Telemonitoring, Teleconsultation, Telediagnosis along with enforcing laws to follow the protocols and vaccination of different groups of society to prevent the spread of the disease.

 The use of supplements and food of natural origin along with exercises in order to achieve health benefits and weight loss has become very popular. In the meantime, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has been considered as an efficient and new training method and ursolic acid as a natural substance. Therefore, the present study determined the effect of six high-intensity intermittent exercises and ursolic acid supplementation on oxidative stress and percentage of the week in obese teenage boys.

In this semi-experimental study, healthy obese adolescent boys (age range: 13-18 years) of Mobarakeh city, Isfahan based on body mass index (above 25 kg/m2) and fat percentage (more than 25%) numbered 36. The selected people and after equalization based on aerobic fitness (VO2max) were placed in four groups of intense intermittent exercise, ursolic acid supplementation, combined (exercise + ursolic acid) and control. First, the subjects participated in the preparation program for two weeks (four sessions per week) including 30 to 45 minutes of continuous and periodic aerobic exercise with an intensity of 60-70% of the reserve heart rate. Then the training continued for six weeks in the HIIT method with an intensity of 70-90% of the reserve heart rate. Oxidative markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and body fat percentage were measured before and after six weeks of exercise and supplementation. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test showed the normal distribution of all variables (P<0.05). Analysis of covariance was used to examine the differences between groups, and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to examine the differences in individual groups. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and at a significance level of P<0.05.

In general, the reduction of MDA and the increase of serum TAC in the exercise and combination and supplement groups were significant compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, intense interval training in combination with ursolic acid supplementation is a suitable method to increase TAC, decrease MDA and body fat percentage of obese adolescent boys. Therefore, it seems that HIIT exercises with ursolic acid supplement can be effective in strengthening antioxidant defense and reducing oxidative stress and fat percentage in obese adolescent boys.