maryam sadat dashti

Cadmium, a heavy and toxic metal, is a known environmental pollutant with teratogenic effects. This study aims to assess the influence of a course of aerobic exercise and ginger hydroalcoholic extract on the expression of VEGF and FGF-2 in cadmium chloride-induced infertile testis tissue in adult male Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 48 12-week-old adult male Wistar rats, weighing 250 ± 30 grams, were divided into six equal groups: healthy control, exercise, cadmium (Cd), exercise-Cd, ginger-50 Cd, and ginger-100 Cd. The rats received 3 mg of cadmium chloride and hydroalcoholic extract of ginger at a rate of 50 or 100 mg/kg of body weight. The training protocol included running on a treadmill with an intensity of 27 m/min. After a 5-week period, the rats were anesthetized with diethyl ether, and their testis tissue was evaluated to determine the quantity of FGF-1 and VEGF.

The aerobic training group showed a significant increase (P=0.004) in the expression of VEGF and FGF-2 genes in testicular tissue compared to the control group. Conversely, the cadmium group displayed a significant decrease (P=0.001) in the expression of these genes. The ginger 100 and 50 + cadmium group did not show a significant change in VEGF and FGF-2 gene expression compared to the control group.

Cadmium exposure resulted in decreased VEGF and FGF-2 gene expression in testicular tissue, while exercise led to an increase. Additionally, ginger consumption appears to mitigate cadmium-induced tissue damage, although it does not increase the expression of VEGF and FGF-2 genes.

It seems that physical activity is effective in improving the homeostasis of glucose and blood lipids by increasing the production of circulating levels of Irisin. this research aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of cinnamon and TRX exercises on the serum levels of Irisin and metabolic status of inactive obese women.

The current research was semi-experimental. 40 overweight female volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups of combined exercise (n=10), combined exercise-supplement (n=10), supplement (n=10) and control (n=10). Blood sampling was 24 hours before the start of training period and 48 hours after end of the last session. Then, by using the analysis of covariance (Ancova) test, between-group changes were used and paired correlation T-test was used for intra-group comparison. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of P<0.05.

The findings of this research showed that the combined exercise and cinnamon supplement decreased the serum concentration of insulin and HOME. Also, that increased the level of Irisin, and the values of serum glucose were not significant. but intragroup analysis showed that there was a difference between the averages in exercise group (P=0.048) and exercise-supplement group (P=0.021) in the post-test compared to the pre-test, a significant decrease can be seen.

In this study, Irisin had a negative correlation with fasting blood glucose, BMI, which probably increase can have beneficial effects on glucose regulation, insulin resistance and obesity caused by overweight in women.

Today, experts believe that diet and drugs alone are not enough to treat and control sugar and blood fat metabolism of patients, but physical and sports activities should also be added to the daily schedule. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined training course (aerobic-TRX) and cinnamon supplementation on the serum levels of apelin and IL-6 in inactive overweight women.

In this semi-experimental study with preand post-test design; 40 overweight women were randomly assigned into the four groups such as: combined exercise (n=10), combined exercise-cinnamon supplement (n=10), cinnamon supplement (n=10 people) and control (n=10). Aerobic exercise was performed with 50-75% of the maximum heart rate and TRX exercise in the range of 12 to 17 pressure perception on the Borg scale. Blood was taken 24 hours before the start of the training period and 48 hours after the end of the last session to measure apelin and interleukin-6.Then, by using covariance analysis test, between-group changes were used and paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of P<0.05.

The results between groups show a significant difference in the serum concentration of IL-6 and apelin (P=0.001). The results of the paired t-test show a significant decrease in LI-6 and Aplin values for all three groups (P<0.05).Discussion and

The reduction of inflammation caused by sports activity is one of the effective factors in reducing the level of apelin in the present study. According to the results of the present research and since combined exercise (aerobic-TRX) has a beneficial effect on apelin and interleukin-6. Cinnamon supplementation effectively reduces adipose tissue significantly, but does not affect muscle metabolism in the same way as exercise. However, both interventions may be used together as a powerful weight loss technique.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common deaths in the elderly, but the molecular mechanism of initiating the process of capillary network development and reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in response to exercise is still not well understood. This study aimed to compare aerobic and combined training on changes in angiogenesis, alkaline phosphatase and CRP in elderly men.

30 elderly men with a mean age of 65-75 years were divided into three groups of aerobic, combined and control exercises. Exercises were performed for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. Aerobic exercises with 60 to74% of maximum heart rate and resistance exercises with 60-75% of 1RM were performed. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after the last training session to assess changes in ALP, CRP and TGF-β factor levels. Analysis and comparison between groups were done by ANCOVA test and for in-group comparison of data by paired t-test at a significant level of P<0.05.

Results of significant decrease in serum concentrations of CRP (P=0.03), TGF-β (P=0.005) in the aerobic group and the combined group compared to the control group and Showed a significant decrease in pre-test compared to post-test in serum ALP concentration in the aerobic group (P=0.027).

decrease in CPP, ALP and an increase in TGF-β1 due to exercise appropriate to the age and condition of these individuals, caused adaptation to physical stresses such as exercise and improved health in the elderly.

Nowadays, drug addiction is one of the most important problems, and the prevalence of drug use has increased in different strata of society, and the speed of this problem appears significantly in women. Exercise can be an option for prevention and potential treatment for drug addiction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on depression and liver enzymes in women addicted to methamphetamine.

In this semi-experimental study, 30 female addicts aged 25-40 were placed in two control and training groups. Exercises with an intensity of 50-75% of VO2max were performed during six weeks and three sessions per week. These exercises included intermittent running and low-impact exercises. The Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to check the subjects' depression. Blood samples were collected to measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 24 hours before the start of training and 48 hours after the last session. To analyze out-group changes, ANCOVA test and intra-group differences and to analyze questionnaire scores, paired T-test was used at the significance level of P≤0.05.

Aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in ALT (P=0.04) compared to the control group, and no significant decrease was observed in the AST (P=0.52) and depression (P=0.95) values ​​compared to the control group.

Drug addiction is a serious risk for liver and depression, and sports activities can affect the responses of liver enzymes and depression in all people and inhibit them to an acceptable extent.