maryam shafiei

In the current century, under the title of the century of knowledge, the development of information technology in an efficient educational system is an undeniable necessity and is considered a fundamental step in educational reforms. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose, the approach of qualitative research and the research method is meta- synthesis. To conduct this research, the seven stages of Sandelovski and Barso (2007), which have the necessary comprehensiveness, were used. In order to ensure and validate the search process and reach the research findings, the expert team consisting of four educational management specialists and two curriculum planning experts formed the members of the multidisciplinary research team. For the comprehensive policy theme of the technological curriculum, 7 organizing themes include Policymakers' awareness of the functional concept of information technology, deep implementation of policies at the technological operational level, recognition of the results of sustainable development in technology, planning to reform the structure of education in accordance with technology, planning education in accordance with the globalization of technology, reform Curriculum and adoption of policies in accordance with technological priorities, explanation of the effects and consequences of technological policy making, and a total of 50 basic themes of identification and validity and Reliability was confirmed. The global changes in technology and its potential effects on technological curriculum policy have consequences including transnational and cross-border collaborations in global communication networks, creating opportunities for social, economic and cultural development, and turning people into independent learners.

The aim of current research was designing and validating the scale competency of the educational group as a professional mentor for teachers learning.

To design and validate the scale, descriptive-survey method with methodological type (Polit and Hungler, 1999) was used. The first stage was a systematic review. For designing the scale, data was collected from all the related papers between 2000 to 2021, which was first formally validated by several experts and then using stratified random sampling method based on districts/regions/provinces, the statistical population was selected was selected as 260 of highschool Headteachers in Fars province and the scale was distributed among them. To calculate the convergent validity, Spearman correlation coefficient was used as well as first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability.

In the first stage, the initial scale was created with 3 subscales, 19 dimensions and 93 items by analyzing the previous studies. In the second stage, after calculating the validity and reliability, 12 items were omitted because of the low correlation coefficient and lack of validity, and 81 items were confirmed because of high correlation with total score and subscales. The validity of scale structure was approved due to the high factor load of knowledge (0.78), attitude (0.70) and skill (0.94) subscales, and with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of educational groups competency (0.84) scale, Knowledge (0.88), attitude (0.84) and skills (94.94) scales, the reliability of these scale and its subscales were also confirmed.

the final scale was designed with 3 sub-scales; knowledge subscale with dimensions of Knowledge related to teacher evaluation, student evaluation, student learning, teacher improvement and empowerment, educational supervision and guidance, and content knowledge; Attitude subscale with dimensions of personal and collective attitude; And skill subscale with the dimensions of effective communication with beneficiaries, technology, research, decision-making and problem solving and conflict, monitoring students' academic achievement, professional teaching, developing a learning culture throughout the school, creating inclusive learner-based learning, guidance and help of the teacher to manage student behavior, teachers motivation and monitoring the equipment and optimal use of teaching aids, and 81 items

Increasing the diagnosis of children with autism and the profound impact of their presence on family life, especially mothers, in the difficult responsibility of parenting, caring, accompanying them in rehabilitation treatment is a significant issue for researchers in women and family studies. Regarding this, having social support can facilitate matters and reduce the pressure of the social role of mothers. Realizing this and considering the scarcity of research in this field, the present study was organized with a qualitative approach and by semi-structured interviews with 18 mothers of Autistic children in Tehran province to receive their perception of various types of social support.The results indicate that the emotional support expressed by husbands is in a range of understanding, attention and empathy on the one hand and the denial and resistance on the other. Moreover expressing empathy and hope or blame and comparison, from the couple's parent's family is other forms of perceived emotional support from mothers. Insufficient information to the adult and children communities leads to blame, misjudgement and misunderstanding by others and as a limiting factor deteriorate the daily life of children and mothers and leads to social exclusion and their voluntary isolation. The stated instrumental support also highlights the need to review and develop guidelines tailored to the living conditions of these children's families. Having higher levels of social support requires socio-cultural policies that meet the needs of the child and the mother.

While the culture of study should have the highest position among students as a main element in learning, it has not enjoyed such a position due to various reasons, and today, the habit of studying has lost its importance among students. This research aimed to identify the factors affecting students' readicide. Therefore, this research was conducted with a qualitative method and a meta-synthesis approach. The statistical population included all foreign articles and documents from 2002 to 2022 and Persian language articles from the same period. Out of the 263 articles that matched the research inclusion criteria, 88 articles were selected as the final research sample. Data analysis was carried out using a thematic analysis technique and 40 basic themes under 4 organizer theme categories including: "personal factors" (addiction to the internet and use of virtual space, watching TV, and not knowing the benefits of studying), "family factors" (low education of parents, and not having a home library), "social, economic, and cultural factors" (financial inability to buy books for study, and unsuitable study environment) and "factors of the educational system" (a large volume of textbooks and homework, and non-research-oriented assignments assigned to students) were identified as factors affecting students' readicide. According to the network of themes obtained from the identified readicide factors, the education authorities can take the necessary measures with better planning and appropriate action plans to eliminate and reduce the effect of the identified factors and improve students' study situation.

Today, change in universities and higher education centers is a necessity due to the ongoing changes in the nature students, society, as well as their needs and experiences. Therefore, universities and higher education centers should be aware of the changes in their environment. The purpose of this study was to design a framework of university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem. This qualitative research was conducted using the seven-level qualitative meta-synthesis of Sandelowski and Barros (2007). The meta-synthesis team consisted of three people including experts in the field of higher education who were proficient in the meta-synthesis method. The corpus of the study included 52 related research papers selected for the purpose of analysis, and by analyzing the data, the basic themes were extracted and placed in the 25 first level organizer themes. Next, the organizers of the first level in the 4 themes of the second level organizer include Stakeholders and actors, entrepreneurial curriculum, enablers, entrepreneurial university leadership. Finally, the framework of the university-based entrepreneurship ecosystem was formed. The presentation of this framework helps the trustees of the higher education field to use it to provide the requirements and grounds for the establishment of a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Paying attention to educational contents that are limited to educating responsible citizens and global citizens in society, especially in crises, is one of the main goals of educational systems. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to combine the competencies of the global citizen to coexist with Corona in the education system. For this purpose, a qualitative research was conducted in a meta-combined manner using the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007). In order to systematically review five English language databases including Scopus, Emerald, Science Direct, Springer and ProQuest for foreign studies and two Persian language databases including National Database and "Academic Jihad Scientific Database" were selected. And related articles were collected in the period of 2019 to 2020 (31 articles). In the network analysis of topics with keywords related to the research goal of 28 basic themes (virtual learning, virtual education, distance learning, electronic evaluation, virtual education media, technological intelligence, economic intelligence, social intelligence, Cultural intelligence, underlying disease, adherence to health advice, periodic examinations, social distance, usability and mobile phone, use of distance learning, sense of social belonging, respect for collective needs, underlying diseases, health advice, examinations Periodic, practice of bio-ethical-personal norms, attention to environmental conditions, change), 6 organizing themes (virtual education, multiple intelligences, health awareness, self-protection strategies, skills of working with virtual education tools, responsibility) And three comprehensive themes (knowledge, skills, attitude) were obtained.

The purpose of this study was to design a curriculum framework for elementary school which could be implemented during the Corona Virus pandemic period. This qualitative study was conducted using the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso. In this regard, 29 related research sources were used as the basis for the analysis, which resulted in extracting 5 basic axes of the elementary school curriculum in Corona crisis, including purpose, content teacher role, role of learners and role of government. The data validation was confirmed using data validation, transferability and data alignment and data reliability techniques with precise guidance of researchers' data collection and alignment. Based on the research results, the objectives of this curriculum should be considered according to the new conditions, with the approach of continuing education and achieving learning objectives. The content of this program includes Coexistence training with Corona, theoretical and practical training, and strengthening of socio-emotional competencies.

The present study, as a qualitative study, tries to examine the scope and radius of the influence of academic capitalism in the higher education system of the country by analyzing the superior documents. For this purpose, using qualitative content analysis method and using inductive approach, the textual content of higher education upstream documents as communication strategies was analyzed and the concepts were extracted in the form of open and Axial codes. The results of content analysis of six selected higher education documents and mandatory statements for universities, which are indicative of academic capitalism, were extracted and categorized into twelve main concepts. These concepts include commercialization, commodification, globalization, customer-orientation, Privatization, transparency and accountability, competitiveness and quantification, new public management, internationalization, changing university funding policies, and designing interstitial organizations.  By taking attention to paradigm shifts stemming from the knowledge-based economy These findings show that although today market-based reforms in higher education exist throughout the world, But what is currently evolving in the Iranian higher education system is the privatization and commercialization of higher education, which, as a faint copy of the logic of neoliberalism, justifies the view of the profitability of knowledge and academia. Such market-oriented reforms are not only in complete contrast with the principles of religious value in an Islamic society, but even by neglecting some of the considerations of the Iranian-Islamic model in the management of the country's academic institutions, due to the lack of appropriate hardware and software conditions and  absence of various infrastructures, it is not compatible with the educational goals of the country.

The fourth industrial revolution or industry 4.0 has brought a variety of technologies to different societies. One of these technologies is the Internet of Things (IoT), primarily conceptualized in engineering fields and then found its way to the field of education. Internet of Everything (IoE) has been discussed in the evolution of the IoT concept. IoE mainly focuses on things, people, processes, and data. This paper aims to investigate different studies from the emergence of IoT concept and its development to IoE based teaching-learning process.

The integrative review was applied as the research method, Web of Science and Scopus databases were directly investigated and 139 articles were finalized as the result of this integrative review.

Findings of this study demonstrated that the teachinglearning process with the focus on IoE could be categorized into logic models, including inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and external factors. Based on extracted components, the final model showed that the teaching-learning approach with the focus on IoE is a process that mainly occurs through integration and connection of IoT-based infrastructures, stakeholder’s interactions, teaching and learning activities. Eventually, this has brought personal and general outputs to achieve sustainability, Green IoT, and meeting the needs of industry. Simultaneously with the implementation or application of this system, several challenges can arise in the process, namely Security, Privacy, Financing, Reliable connectivity, and Cloud infrastructure.

Therefore, this model can help policymakers or educators to be aware of the different parts of an IoE-based education system.

The purpose of the present study is developing the content pattern of ethical competences for higher education students. In terms of methodology, Sandlowski and Burrow’s 7-stage meta-synthesis model (2007) was used as the conceptual model of the research. During the first step, the research question was presented and, accordingly, the members of the meta-synthesis team were assigned. In the second and third steps, the Latin sources of the research, including Scopus, Springer etc. as well as Persian sources including Scientific Information Database, and Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies were determined and inclusion criteria of the articles were determined. In step four, after data analysis, 65 basic themes related to ethical education were extracted, and then the findings were synthesized. During this phase, the extracted basic themes were classified into four second-level categories: educational honesty (e.g., courage, enthusiasm and the spirit of providing service) and lack of educational honesty (e.g., disruptive behavior, ignoring the assigned homework, ignoring the rights of others), research honesty (e.g., research awareness) and lack of research honesty (e.g., copying and pasting, expressing the ideas of others without referencing, machine spirit). The second-level organizing themes were assigned to 26 first-level organizing theme and, eventually, the thematic network of the content of ethical education was developed. The developed model in the current research has provided a framework for teaching ethical competences to higher education students which was not possible previously. In order to verify the model, descriptive verification, and interpretive-theoretical-pragmatic verification have been used.

The general purpose of this study was to compare the perceptions of faculty members of technical-engineering departments of the usefulness, ease of use, self-efficacy and challenges of mobile learning. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study included all male and female faculty members of technical-engineering departments of Shiraz University (147). The research instrument included a researcher-made mobile learning acceptance scale, which after confirming the validity and reliability of the sample was distributed and the data collected by repeated measures ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. It is found; 1- There is a significant difference between the dimensions of mobile learning acceptance from the perspective of technical and engineering faculty members and the highest average belongs to the challenges and obstacles and the lowest belongs to the usefulness, 2- There is no significant difference between the dimensions of mobile learning accepting between the views of faculty members of different technical-engineering departments and the views of faculty members with different scientific levels, 3- There is a significant difference between the views of faculty members “experienced” and “inexperienced” mobile learning.

In fact, role of research virtual teams in knowledge creation is very important., the present research seeks to explore how knowledge creation is based on the development of virtual research teams. The method of qualitative research is based on a case study. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews. In order to collect information, using a targeted sampling method, 26 faculty members with technical and engineering experience with membership in virtual research teams from three universities in Shiraz, Tehran and Sharif Industrial Company was interviewed as the three top universities in the country. Then, the data was analyzed using the NVIVO software through thematic analysis fan and was organized in the form of comprehensive themes, organized themes and basic themes. Based on the result, the virtual research teams (comprehensive themes) have goals, strategies, requirement, negative atmosphere of participation and function(organized themes). each of which has different dimensions(basic themes).

Creative thinking as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon affects students' performance.

The purpose of study was to develop and validate the interactive model of creativity education in the experimental sciences course of the first high school and its effect on fostering students' creativity through a combined study in the academic year of 2018-19.

The present study is a mixed study consisting of two parts. The first part was designing a creative learning model for the experimental science class, and the second part was about developing creativity. In the qualitative section, the semi-structured interview method was used. In a small section, the aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of the designed pattern on the creativity of high school students; using a semi-experimental design (pre-test, post-test with control group) from the first year high school students of Karaj (75 people) were selected as the statistical sample. The interactive pattern of creativity training in both groups and in two pre-test and post-test phases were compared with the Torrance Creativity Scale tool for measuring creativity for the experimental science course. To analyze and analyze data in the qualitative part after implementing discussions on paper, open coding (reading line by line data, extracting basic concepts and sentences, forming categories and primary classes), central coding (data classification, sub-category identification, final class formation) Selective coding (linking categories to each other) Categories were extracted. In the quantitative section, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In the descriptive statistics section, the mean and standard deviation were the smallest and largest, and in the inferential statistics section, one-variable covariance analysis and follow-up test were used to compare the pairs of groups with the help of SPSS-21 software.

In the qualitative part, the research results led to the interactive design of creativity training, and the results in the quantitative part of the research showed that the designed pattern has led to the cultivation of creativity in the tested group.

It is suggested that the interactive pattern of designed creativity training be used as an appropriate way for students to achieve creativity.

Rhizomatic approach as one of the effective methods for creativity development can be considered as an appropriate method in teaching science.

The purpose of this research was to develop the educational model of rhizomatological thinking and its effect on creativity development of elementary school students in experimental science.

The research was carried out using quasi-experimental method. The statistical society of all male students was the 6th grade elementary school in the city of Sahneh during the academic year of 1397-98. In order to select an appropriate sample, two classes of Scenic City classes with appropriate educational facilities, expert teachers and high grade students were selected as samples. A 30-member class was assigned to the test group and a 30-member class to the control group. The research tool was Torrance Creativity Questionnaire.

The findings of the covariance analysis showed that the developed pattern of rhizomatous thinking increases the creativity of students in the experimental sciences.

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma is a rare tumor among women. Herein, we present a 47-year-old Iranian woman complaining of abdominal discomfort for six months.

The patient and her family had always lived an urban life and they didn’t have any close contact with farm animals and their products. She didn’t mention any history of malignant or benign abdominal tumors in her first-degree relatives. The primary evaluation showed normal lab data but a huge retroperitoneal cyst in imaging studies. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy. A 19x14x8 cm well-defined cystic lesion with mild adhesion to the lower pole of the left kidney and descending colon was noticed. The mass was dissected from the adjacent organs and removed completely without spillage of its content. The histopathologic evaluation of the cyst was compatible with retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma. Three years’ follow-up did not show any recurrence of the tumor. To our knowledge, less than 50 cases with this pathology have been reported and published in the literature and this case is the second one in Iran.

Although primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma is a very rare entity, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any retroperitoneal cystic lesion. Since the definitive diagnosis of these lesions is made by histopathologic evaluation, complete resection of them is both diagnostic and therapeutic.

The emergence and use of e-learning in education have been one of the most important achievements of higher education which can solve many of the problems of this system, and addressing the challenges of e-learning are one of the concerns and problems of our society.

The purpose of this study was to explore the students’ experience of e-learning challenges at the Virtual School of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS).

The research design was qualitative with the phenomenological method. Potential participants included students from Virtual School of SUMS. 10 students were selected using a purposive sampling method with a standard technique. The data collection method consisted of a semi-structured interview. After coding the data using thematic analysis method, basic, organizing, and inclusive themes were extracted.

Results classified the challenges of e-learning at the Virtual School of SUMS into six general categories which are as follows: 13 educational challenges, including the extensive amount of context in the courses as well as a large number of modules, disregarding the educational prerequisites of the field, failure of professors to accompany students at the early stages of the projects, etc.; 10 organizational challenges including non-diversification of e-learning courses, high availability of online academic staff due to lack of e-learning experience, 9 ethical challenges such as lack of appropriate culture for applying this discipline, negative perception towards e-learning,  8 technical challenges including low speed of internet, shortage of physical spaces in e-learning, 5 supportive challenges such as lack of facilities, lack of permission to use the university canteen, 5 evaluation challenges such as mandatory in-person exams in e-learning courses,  not allocating a reasonable proportion of the final mark to in-person exams, 3 managerial challenges such as inefficiency of the educational content, rejection of students by the head of virtual faculty due to lack of time and lastly, 2 communicational challenges such as lack of interaction with academic staff and classmates as well as lack of face-to-face communication.

Understanding the challenges and obstacles of establishing e-learning in Iran's higher education and providing practical solutions for them, developing this type of education and, as a result, the excellence of Iran's educational system.

Virtual mobility, as one of the emerging phenomena in the internationalization of higher education, is a process that all activities within it are done electronically or digitally. It is used, among others, to facilitate physical activities, such as student exchanges, with the help of information and communication technologies.

The current study aimed at the identification of effective strategies in facilitating virtual mobility.

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a qualitative approach and a phenomenological research method were used. The statistical population included all the experts experienced in the area of internationalization from the top five comprehensive and public universities in Iran, including the University of Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University, Tarbiat Modares University, Mashhad Ferdowsi University, and Shiraz University. The participants included 27 experts with international experience purposefully selected from the five universities and their comments were collected using semi-structured interviews to achieve the theoretical saturation of data. The content analysis of the data was done using MAXQDA version 2018 software.

Seventeen minor components were identified as effective strategies in facilitating virtual mobility in higher education. The main effective strategies in facilitating virtual mobility were organized in four major themes, including promoting university websites, promoting social networks, improving virtual infrastructure, and strengthening virtual branding.

The results of the study showed that among the components, promoting university websites and promoting social networks were the most important factors highlighted by the experts as the factors that could facilitate the process of virtual mobility as an area in which more must be invested.

In the present study, with the aim of "market analysis in higher education and analyzing the role and function of marketing" the qualitative method of data theory was used. Research participants were policymakers, planners, experts, and researchers in the fields of higher education, marketing, and commerce. Using the "targeted approach" and "snowball sampling" and "theoretical saturation criterion" required data were collected and  Analyzed through in-depth interviews with 30 participants in three stages of free or open coding, axial and selective coding.  Based on the results of the research, causal, interventionist and contextual factors affecting market orientation in higher education were identified, that including structural, managerial-Executive, lack of transparency and awareness of marketing in higher education and educational factors as causal and Political factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors as intervention conditions and inter-functional coordination; effective marketing elements were identified as contextual conditions. Accordingly, redefining policymaking and planning in higher education; internal and external marketing management; market-oriented; management and planning; pricing and the use of new technologies as applicable strategies were presented. If such processes are implemented, the establishment of a marketing system in higher education will have consequences, such as providing a source of income for the university; improving the Academic Balance of Academic Centers and Using the Native Model of University Management.

The HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavedlning) is a conceptual model widely used for hydrological forecasting and water resource studies. In this study, sensitivity analysis of parameters of the HBV model is investigated for Karkhe basin and its sub-basins for four different periods 1, 5, 10 and 25 years with four methods including FAST (Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test), RSA (Regional Sensitivity Analysis), Sobol and regression. After determining the most sensitive parameters, the model is calibrated using Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) method. In all statistical periods, one year has been used for warm-up to eliminate the effects of initial conditions. In this study, the MOUSE Toolbox is used to analyze the sensitivity of the HBV model parameters. This software is based on Java programming language. To analyze the sensitivity of the HBV model parameters based on the Monte Carlo sampling method and the Halton sequence method for each of the samples (time periods) in each sub-basin separately, 1000 samples are taken for the set of input parameters with a specified range for each parameter taken. Objective functions for evaluating performance of model are NSE, RMSE, RSR and BIAS. The results of sensitivity analysis of the parameters show that Sobol and RSA are more reliable methods because of variability in time intervals and different sub-basins. Fast and regression methods in the Karkheh basin and its sub-basins for different time periods show similar results that considering the change in hydroclimate conditions in this basin, isn't practical and the results of these methods can not be used for investigating sensitivity of parameters and their identification in the studied basin. The most sensitive parameters of HBV model for Karkheh basin and its sub-basins in soil routine is maximum soil moisture content (Fcap) and in the response routine is the storage of soil surface moisture content (hl1). These parameters have shown the most sensitive factor in minimum fluxes. The snow routine parameters, especially the threshold temperature for ice freezing (ttlim), are sensitive in the sub-basins of Ghare Sou and Kashkan in short periods (1 and 5 years). For a specific sub-basin, the sensitivity of the parameters in different time periods is not completely stable and a little variability has been observed in different periods. But the most sensitive parameters (hl1 and fcap) have maintained their sustainability almost in all periods. Parameters of response and soil routines are more sensitive to the parameters of snow and routing routines. The results of the interaction between the parameters using the Sobol method in different sub-basins indicate that the strongest interactions are between the soil routine parameters, especially Fcap, with the response routine parameters and also the response routine parameters with each other. The time variability of parameters indicates that the soil routine and response parameters in the minimum discharge show the most sensitivity. Other parameters are more sensitive in the dry season of the basin (summer and autumn). The HBV model has the ability to simulate runoff in the Karkhe basin and its sub-basins with high precision. This study shows that selection of shorter period of calibration gives better simulation results. For one year's period the best NSE, RSR and RMSE are in Gamasyab sub-basin respectively 0.95, 0.21 and 1.4 and the best BIAS is in Kashkan sub-basin and Karkhe basin with 0.13.

In recent years, the determination of the uncertainty of hydrological models in the hydrological research has been very much taken into consideration. Although the parameters of the hydrological model are usually determined by calibration, but there is considerable uncertainty in the model parameters. In this study, with the aim of calibration and uncertainty analysis of coupled model ALSIS-HBV, GLUE method has been used in the Karkheh basin. Determining the main source of uncertainty and identification of parameters, as well as estimating uncertainty in the results of river flow simulation are other goals of this research. The findings show that K2, Fcap, MaxBas, lp, B, degw and ttlim parameters are main sources of river flow uncertainty, and the parameters K2, Fcap, B, lp and perc are the most identifiable parameters. In general, the model's performance evaluation for river flow simulation in karkheh basin, especially in calibration period is good and acceptable, and most river flow observations are in 95% confidence intervals, Therefore, the probability distribution calculated from the river flow can be used to predict the flow of the river.

Bowel endometriosis affects about 3.8-37% of women with endometriosis diagnosis. Most of the time endometriosis involves the recto-sigmoid .Right colon involvement is not common in endometriosis and also a few studies have reported obstructive endometriosis of bowel. Here, a case of endometriosis was reported with the ileocolic intussusception and cecal mass. A 32y old woman was referred to Yas hospital due to severe low abdominal pain and vomiting. Ultrasonographic examination of her pelvis revealed bilateral ovarian cysts. Abdominal erect X-ray showed dilatation of small bowel segments. Diagnostic colonoscopy showed one small ulcer with the pressure effect of mass like lesion at cecum. The patient was taken to the operating room for excision of the mass; as a result the ileocolic intussusception was seen. After reduction, a firm mass was recognized at cecum so the ileocecal resection was performed. In pathologic examination of mass, endometriosis was reported. The postoperative period was uneventful. The diagnosis of bowel endometriosis is sometimes difficult. The case of bowel obstructive endometriosis is rare. Surgical excision of bowel endometriosis is necessary for symptomatic patients with bowel obstruction. Bowel endometriotic nodules are excised by nodulectomy or segmental resection.  

Aim of Research was to study the effect of Reflective thinking based teaching on development of Students’ inquiry based learning of science lessons of primary schools. Sampling and sample size: Statistical population included elementary students of Kerman studying in fifth. According to Convenience Sampling method, 46 students of two fifth grade classes in a primary school were selected. Instruments: Research instruments were “teacher tool box for preschool to eight grade students in science” and two teacher made tests”. Inquiry based learning level of students who were taught based on reflective thinking was significantly higher than control group.in the fields of using scientific tools and technology, utilizing scientific methods and argument strategies, establishing scientific communication and using scientific concepts and data. Using reflective thinking teaching, students can obey scientific method in answering and using resources, equipment and technologies and take advantage from all scientific terms and concepts thoughtfully.

This study was an attempt to examine the expected competencies of faculty members for the next decade from the viewpoints of PhD students in engineering disciplines. The study’s population consisted of doctoral students of Shiraz University in engineering disciplines. 66 participants were selected randomly according to their genders and fields of study. The research instrument was faculty competencies questionnaire made by the researcher. The research results showed that the most important issue in relation to the faculties teaching, research and instruction activities was abundance of available information and use of new technologies. The most important competency of faculty members in the 1404 vision would be research competency, however, this study revealed the significant gaps between the current and the desired situation in competencies of teaching, research, counseling services and faculty collaboration with colleagues. The result showed that the greatest gap between the current and the desired qualifications of faculty members was related to competency of faculty collaboration with colleagues.

In the 21st century, higher education institutions seek to set up research activities and improve the quality of these research studies. One of the factors affecting the quality of research is student research self-efficacy which is expected to lead to career decision-making self-efficacy. Statistical population of this descriptive, correlational study included all the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2015-16. A sample of 300 was formed by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research instruments were Betz and Luzzo’s career decision-making self-efficacy scale and Holden’s research self-efficacy scale. After calculating the validity and reliability, the questionnaires were distributed and the data were analyzed in LISREL using correlation coefficient test. In research self-efficacy, reporting skill (47.13±1.29) and collection skill (42.20±2.67) had the highest and lowest scores respectively. In career decision-making, goal commitment (3.10±0.89) and problem-solving skill (3.00±0.78) had the highest and lowest scores respectively. There was a positive significant relationship between the dimensions of research self-efficacy and decision-making self-efficacy such that with students’ increased research self-efficacy, their career decision-making enhanced. The more the curriculum emphasizes the development of students’ research skills, the more their sense of self-efficacy increases in career decision-making and on the path to professional development.

The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to investigate the effect of articaine combined with ketamine on the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in posterior mandible teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
Methods and Materials: Forty two adult patients with diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth were selected. The patients received two cartridges of either containing 3.2 mL 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:200000 and 0.4 mL 50 mg/mL ketamine hydrochloride (A-ketamine group) or 3.2 mL 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:200000 and 0.4 mL normal saline (A-saline group) using conventional IANB injections. Access cavity preparation started 15 min after injection. Lip numbness was required for all the patients. Success was considered as no or mild pain on the basis of Heft-Parker visual analog scale recordings upon access cavity preparation or initial instrumentation. Data were analyzed by independent student t, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests.
The success rates were 55% and 42.9% for A-ketamine and A-saline group, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups (P=0.437).
Adding 0.4 mL 50 mg/mL ketamine hydrochloride to the articaine local anesthetic did not increase the efficacy of IANB for posterior mandibular teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.