mohamad taghi heydari

Crowding is a natural process in which many people gather in a place for a predefined purpose or as part of a daily routine. Festivals, carnivals, theaters, parades, markets, stadiums, and religious occasions are examples of crowd situations. Religious congregations or pilgrimages that experience large crowds are vulnerable to events such as crowding. This article tries to highlight the factors influencing the safe city planning for crowding in the social rituals of the month of Muharram in the central context of Zanjan city, emphasizing the safe city guide for the event based on 2021 Economist. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Also, in terms of time, the method is cross-sectional and in terms of the nature of the data, it is quantitative. Depending on the purpose of the research, the Delphi method was used with the number of 20 people related to the subject available by judgmental or deliberate sampling. In this study, the multipole method was used to analyze the data.Evaluation of the monitoring of deaths caused by road accidents; The quality of urban signs to strengthen people's minds are policies that are linked to strengthening environmental security for environmental security planning. Also, removing or correcting blind spots and determining institutional capacity and access to resources are two policies that are linked to scenarios related to strengthening infrastructure security and strengthening personal security.

The family has been introduced as a social institution resulting from the marriage bond between a man and a woman and is classified as individual and personality. Sometimes, couples face problems in their marital relations that cause them to have conflicts. A person's general evaluation of the marital relationship and the fulfillment of the personal needs, desires, and wishes of the couple determines the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the marital relationship; on the other hand, disagreement is normal in any marital relationship and marital conflicts are one of the common problems of couples, in today's world. Therefore, some call divorce liberating in these circumstances. Divorce means the collapse of the most important institution of socialization in human society. This phenomenon is one of the realities that the family institution in today's world experiences widely. However, this does not mean that the family has not faced this phenomenon in the past. Nevertheless, divorce, like all other phenomena in today's world, has changed in nature and is more of an optional choice; therefore, in Iran, due to the rapid growth of the population during the past decades, there have been consequences such as increased rent living, marginalization, selling body parts, malnutrition, increased begging in the city, child labor, increased hand-selling, and finally divorce and the collapse of foundations. In order to plan and organize the situation of people experiencing poverty, one must first gain the necessary knowledge of their location and spatial distribution in Iran and then solve this challenging problem of the provinces with detailed planning so that the complications and negative consequences can be avoided. Poverty at the provincial level, including divorce, was prevented or moderated. Usually, in social sciences, the number of marriage and divorce cases and their causes and results are investigated. However, geographical discussions emphasize the location of damage in the country's provinces and its contexts. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the geographical distribution. Divorce is in the provinces of Iran. Therefore, it is tried to investigate the distribution of divorce at the level of the provinces so that the country's administration, social institutions, and charitable organizations can help the target groups with precision and proper planning and take effective steps to reduce the social damage of divorce. 

The lowest divorce rate belongs to Sistan and Baluchistan, Semnan, Chahar Mahal, and Bakhtiari provinces. On the other hand, the highest divorce rate belongs to Tehran, Razavi Khorasan, and North Khorasan provinces. Graphical statistical models were used based on the mean center test and standard deviation ellipse. The average center specifies the central location as the basis of all social damage locations. The standard deviation ellipse, using the standard deviation of the distance of each divorce to the center of the average, determines its dispersion, direction, and position. The average divorce occurred in Isfahan province. The ellipse of the standard deviation of the total divorce under investigation has much accumulation; this shows that the divorce complex is in the direction of the southeast to the northwest, so with a probability of 99%, 70% of the divorce area is 6.368836.

 The results indicated that most divorce spots in the east are in Razavi, South, and North Khorasan provinces due to the size of the provinces and population. Also, most of the cold spots are in the northwestern provinces. It can be said that in the upper and middle classes, the main issue is not economy and livelihood but cultural factors related to changes in society's values and attitudes, including in the field of marriage, giving priority to the family, and having a negative perception of divorce, which conflicts with the research findings. Akhoi Samrin's research in 2016 showed that the lack of love and intimacy is the central category of Al. It is similar to the research findings. The category of not being ready for marriage and not going through the marriage process is one of the causal conditions for collapsing marriages. Cultural issues and economic issues were placed under the intervening conditions and categories such as addiction, inappropriate current family structure, lack of marital compatibility, sexual factors and problems, inappropriate relationship with the main families, family history, and personality problems were among the background factors effective in divorce. The results showed that the use of ineffective communication and emotional strategies led to consequences such as feeling tired, lonely, hopeless, hatred for one's spouse, and finally, the desire for divorce, which conflicts with the research findings. The main limitation of the research is the non-cooperation of the country's civil registration organizations, the General Justice, and other related organizations and not providing information about divorce constant problems in the geographic information system software (Crack). As a result, the country's hot spots and centers of divorce have been formed in this region of the northeast and east of the country, and it is indicative of the high incidence of divorce in this region. Therefore, to take the necessary measures to reduce the phenomenon of divorce in the province, it seems necessary to plan carefully to reduce the factors.

In the last century, tourism and related matters have expanded And it has become a basic need and development planning from a secondary and leisure activity, Therefore, the effort of countries and regions to take the most benefit from it has created the field of competition.

The present research has tried While examining the primary factors affecting the tourism development of Zanjan province, it should also examine the importance and performance of key factors.

The current type of research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection And the collection of information has been done in two forms - library and field. In this research, 92 tourism indicators have been designed in the form of three factors (economic, social-cultural, physical-spatial). and analyzed in the MICMAC environment according to experts' opinions to finally extract the most key factors And then analyze the importance-performance of key factors using the IAP model.

Research findings have shown that the distribution pattern of tourism development indicators in Zanjan province has not followed the sustainable trend And the importance-functional difference of key factors has been high.

The research results have shown that in order to realize a sustainable model of tourism in Zanjan province, the following should be prioritized; Paying attention to the educated tourism sector and using them in the tourism process, paying attention to the wants and needs of tourists and trying to fulfill their needs.

The aim of the current research is the feasibility study and development of pocket parks in Iranian cities with the approach of citizen participation in Elahieh and Kooie Farhang neighborhoods of Zanjan city in response to the fact that the factors affecting citizen participation in the feasibility and creation of pocket park development in Zanjan city neighborhoods and effective strategies for development. What is the partnership of pocket parks? The present research is in accordance with the descriptive-analytical method in terms of its applied type and nature. The method of collection, library and field observation (interview with questionnaire tool), and sampling of probability type by simple random method. So far, no important studies have been done in the area of the feasibility of creating and developing park envelopes with the citizen participation approach, and the practical value of the research will be in changing, improving and modifying the methods and patterns of dealing with planning for the sustainability of cities in Iran. The results showed that trust played an important role in the development of pocket parks and increasing neighborhood dynamics, trust in each other and urban management was the basis for creating such desirable spaces. Also, the situation of the components of NGOs and feeling of security in the two neighborhoods of Elahieh and Kooie Farhang are not the same, and the conditions of Kooie Farhang are more unfavorable than Elahieh. Finally, for the development of such spaces, the sense of security variable will have the greatest impact on the development of pocket parks in these neighborhoods.

The mission of this article is to evaluate the physical resilience of the texture of District 8 of Shiraz. This area includes the primary core of Shiraz city and besides historical buildings that have cultural heritage value. Most of this area is residential and has a population of 35,727. The method of this research is descriptive - analytical and based on spatial data related to buildings in this area. The indicators used in this research are the index of building age, building quality, building skeleton, number of building floors, building area and building facade materials. The models used in this research include spatial regression model to discover the pattern trend that has been done using Geoda software; And Moran’s I model is used to discover the spatial pattern (clustered, random, scattered) of physical resorption in the region, and Moran’s local insulin model is used to observe clusters formed in Arc Gis software . The results showed that out of a total of 12717 units of buildings in this area, 2371 units equivalent to 18 .6 % are in good condition; And 3587 units equal to 28 .20 % are in unfavorable condition and 6759 units equivalent to 53 .14% are in average condition. In general, most of the texture of District 8 of Shiraz is in non - resilient and moderate resilient clusters. Which are prone to many casualties and financial losses in the event of an accident; Therefore, they need to act quickly in order to make a comparison

Housing is one of the main human needs, which is known as the basic biological need for humans. Sustainable housing refers to a wide range of opportunities to improve economic development, environmental protection, quality of life and social equality. It requires a detailed and comprehensive look to be able to address the various dimensions of security, in fact, as the discovery of the hidden connections between those dimensions at different levels. Among the effective factors in the security of every city are urban spaces and places, therefore, due to the increase of social anomalies in today's societies, it is necessary to examine social security and factors affecting it. Urban areas are a place to live and to know the sense of belonging to the place of its residents is one of the necessities of maintaining the quantity and quality of this population. For this reason, social security is considered as one of the development indicators, based on which the level of development of urban housing and even countries is evaluated. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of feeling insecure in urban housing and achieving sustainable urban development, examining the components of well-being, The comfort and safety of citizens, which is one of the basic goals of urban planning. Urban insecurity in different fields includes that part of anomalies that have emerged as a result of the emergence of urbanization and the social problems caused by them and cause structural and functional damage in the urban society at different levels. Results The preliminary data from the studied area shows that the building materials used in the construction are often of very low quality and due to the lack of attention to the executive instructions considering that the city of Nowshahr is exposed to many natural disasters such as floods and especially earthquakes. Housing is one of the important indicators to maintain the safety of the residents of the study area. For the reasons that were mentioned, it seems necessary to examine the issue of housing sustainability due to its importance and impact on life-financial security, etc. In other words, the need to live in a safe environment in the study area is very important, which requires adaptation and interaction with the environment for the well-being of citizens, both mentally and objectively, according to the above-mentioned contents of this research. is to examine the set of factors that cause the stability of housing in social security in the study area .

The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Two library and field methods have been used to collect the required information. The statistical population of the research is Nowshahr city, which was determined based on Cochran's formula with an error of 0.05% of 384 questionnaires. A simple random method was used to distribute the questionnaire. It has been used to propose indicators using internal and external studies. The validity of the questionnaire items has been confirmed by the opinion of a number of academic researchers and its reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha test to the extent of 0.75. In the analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire, structural equations of laser (SEM) have been used. In fact, structural equation model is the Persian translation of Structural Equation Model, which is also called SEM for short. This method is a special causal structure between a set of latent variables and observable variables. Using the structural equation modeling method, the relationships between hidden variables can be investigated, as well as the measurement items of each hidden variable with the relevant variable. Lisrel software is used to perform the calculations of this method. 

The findings of the research show that among the 384 respondents, 15% are in the age group of 30-40 and 30% are married, gender is 79%, place of birth is 78%, and employment is 70.24% of the total respondents in this research, the largest age range is related to the age group of 33 up to 43 years old with 32.45% and the lowest age group is 20 to 35 years old with 0.8%; Also, 17.5% were in the age group of 35 to 40 years old, 24.3% were between 45 to 55 years old, and 19.9% were over 65 years old. One of the presuppositions of using structural equation modeling using Lisrel software is the normality of the data. Therefore, in this research, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the research data. In conducting factor analysis, one must first ensure the appropriateness of the desired data for analysis (sample size and relationship between variables). For this purpose, KMO indices and Bartlett's test are used to verify the adequacy of the sample size. If the value of the KMO index is less than 0.6, the results of the factor analysis are not suitable for the data in question. 

The purpose of this research was to study the role of sustainable urban housing in social security, and the results showed the positive impact of dimensions on household social security. The results of the descriptive findings show that 10 important factors play a role in the extreme fluctuations in housing prices in Nowshahr, which include things such as: lack of access to cheap housing for citizens, fluctuations in housing prices and household savings, construction fluctuations Housing, the role-creation of municipalities and the increase in housing prices, the role of builders in housing market fluctuations, the role of intermediaries and sellers in the housing market, income inequality and high housing prices, land prices and their effect on housing price fluctuations, the presence of brokers in the housing market. and the increase in housing prices and the lack of firm rules in determining housing prices and the prevalence of speculation .

There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Playing a significant role in reducing rural poverty, fostering sustainable agricultural and rural development, creating income-generating opportunities for local residents, promoting the culture of natural resource protection, and optimal use of cultural and natural attractions, agricultural tourism provides the basis for interaction between village residents and visiting tourists. In this regard, this study sought to examine the driving forces involved in developing agricultural tourism in Dresjin village from the local stakeholders’ perspective, focusing on the grape festival. The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The sample size of the study comprised seventy-eight household members who were interviewed along the sidewalks leading to the festival site of Dresjin village. The required data were also collected through library and field studies. The data were then analyzed via the MICMAC approach using the worst-best preference technique. The findings of the study indicated that the positive and pleasant feeling produced by the space and the restoration and maintenance of monuments were the most significantly preferred factors involved in the social production of the space, providing the visitors of Dresjin village with a pleasant feeling and bringing about positive results for the village. Therefore, it appears that tourism development programs must be developed for the village, including clearly set missions and duties of relevant organizations. Such well-developed programs could help avoid parallel working and unnecessary duplications, and also create a sense of responsibility in the actors involved through the tasks assigned to them.

This research, using a mixed research method and with an applied nature, has analyzed the factors affecting the conflict caused by inner-city accidents in the context of Zanjan city. The results of this research show that in Zanjan city, the highest number of inner-city accidents occur in the months of early October to late February. . Also, the highest number of accidents happen between 11 am and 2 pm. From 2 pm to 5 pm, the number of accidents decreases; But it returns to its peak again from 17:00 to 18:00 in the evening. These patterns may be related to factors such as traffic, daily activities, peak traffic hours, and the state of the days of the month. For example, there may be more traffic in the months of early October to late February, and longer days may increase the number of accidents. A fuzzy Delphi analysis, the effective components in the occurrence of conflicts and quarrels in urban accidents in different areas of Zanjan city have been identified. Recklessness and rebelliousness, post-accident stress, profanity and time-consuming car repair have been identified as the main components. In order to reduce conflict and conflict in urban accidents in the mentioned neighborhoods, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the behavior of drivers, reducing stress after the accident, improving communication skills and mutual respect, and providing fast and efficient maintenance services for car repairs in the mentioned neighborhoods.

The increase in the human population, the need to develop human cultural and social spaces on the one hand, and the need to create public spaces with identity, on the other hand, has led to more attention to the topic of cultural identity in public spaces in recent decades. Library Garden, as a public and spatial institution, plays a vital role in the process of cultural and social development in the field of urban space. Books and reading and the tendency to study are some of the characteristics of the development and promotion of the cities. It is possible to advance the cultural and social goals of the society through reading books. With this approach, the present article tries to study the feasibility of creating a library garden in Sabzeh Meydan Square of Zanjan with the approach of promoting the culture of reading. The methodology of this research was a descriptive survey and was applied in terms of purpose. To evaluate the preference of indicators in creating a library garden, the weight of each of them was determined, and finally, the amount of compatibility of the best-worst model has been used to evaluate how to implement indicators in terms of importance/performance and amount of compliance. The results showed that creative designing, with a large difference compared to other factors with a value of 0.14, has been ranked first, and creating this space has been a priority over other indicators. An environment that, like the pleasant qualities of the Persian gardens, enriches the sense of place with its psychological effects, but with a different reading, and can complement the closed spaces of the library in the design by using open spaces and flexibility of collective creative spaces that pave the way for social dynamism and subconscious education. On the distant horizon, using recreational, cultural, and tourist opportunities, according to the goals and vision of the Sabzeh Meydan project, to become a policy to promote the culture of reading and show the importance of rich Iranian culture to tourists. It is expected that the opinions and views of users and their participation will be used to create a place for social activities, the formation of collective memories, and the identification of residents.

Today's urban environments have become places with high vulnerability due to the density and accumulation of countless natural and human forces. The spread of the Covid-19 virus and its unintended consequences are seen as a wake-up call to the current urban lifestyle. Observing the physical distance between citizens is currently considered as the most effective way to prevent the further spread of the Covid-19 virus and similar epidemics. This shows the increasing role of urban environments in the control and management of human resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the functional environment of the central area of Zanjan in the effective Encountering with the Covid-19 epidemic. The research method is descriptive-analytical and questionnaire was used to collect information. The number of statistical sample people to collect data is equal to 152 citizens of Zanjan in the central area of Zanjan. Structural equation model was used to analyze the data and SPSS and Amos Graphics software were used too. The results show that the components of land use attractiveness, land use time attractiveness, land use activity hours during the day, unnecessary centralization of land uses and variety of land uses in the quality of the functional environment in the central area of Zanjan in the face of The Covid-19 epidemic was effective. Based on this, with a suitable combination of existing land uses, it is possible to improve the quality of the functional environment in the face of the Covid-19 epidemic by reducing the crowds and crowding in the central area of Zanjan.

The aim of this study was to plan and feasibility study of healing gardens as a planned landscape and its effects on mental health and repair of mental injuries in coronary and post-coronary conditions, and on the apparent healing effect of greenery on physical and mental health, especially in urban conditions. Covid Crisis 19 emphasizes; Which is a wave of panic disorders; It has shaped obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders in human societies. The type of research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method using survey method. The statistical population is 35 experts familiar with the subject of healing gardens in Iranian cities (non-probability sampling and chain sampling) has been used in the form of Delphi technique. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was provided to experts. Despite the passage of time in the experience of this epidemic, there is still no comprehensive and operational understanding in various scientific fields, including crisis management, and for the first time, healing gardens as a solution for urban planning and mental health management in this study. will be examined. The results of this study show the necessity of designing and redesigning the healing garden based on the healing and ecological components, especially in the critical conditions of Covid 19 in Hasheminejad Garden of Zanjan as a pilot, and in the absence of intelligent planning in healing the garden, Covid 19 will suffer adverse consequences for individuals in society.

Food has become one of the most prominent features of the transformation of food consumption against the background of rapid urbanization in the world. With this approach, the present article tries to highlight the safety of food production in the garden house system in Iranian cities, which the quality of supply and demand can threaten or guarantee the life of the society in the direction of sustainability. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The current research was cross-sectional in terms of time domain (July 2022). The statistical population included the beneficiaries (owners) of garden house named Khanebagh in Persian. According to the purpose, the sample size was 35 households (according to the conditions of cooperation). In this research, the research indicators have been evaluated using SPSS and SMART PLS software. The results of the path analysis show that the less efficient marketing and sale of agricultural products are one of the limitations facing the beneficiaries of the garden houses. Considering the leverage of the household's financial power, promoting production-oriented production along with entertainment by changing the individual management of the parts to the joint management in order to increase production, single-crop cultivation for a more economical use of the garden (for example, only apples or only grapes); Using the capabilities of agriculture graduates by using the knowledge and skills of agricultural specialists to make these gardens profitable, using water engineers to properly implement pressurized irrigation systems in order to reduce water wastage are some of the proposed research solutions for the food security of gardens. Also, behavioral strategies, especially due to the traditional structure of Iran's agriculture, can create grounds for more participation of farmers in the emergence of cooperative behaviors such as water and soil protection behavior.

During the pandemic and spread of Corona Virus, human life, and cities were exposed to a difficult risk, which has exposed urban societies in all their elements, more than just local and topical damages. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the effective factors that increase social resilience to the Corona epidemic through social crisis management. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of its purpose. Based on an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the research and a Delphi method with experts in urban planning who belong to research centers and universities as panelists, the research components were identified. This research used a library method and a survey method in the form of a questionnaire to collect the required data. In the analysis section of the confirmatory factor analysis model in the form of structural equation modeling in AMOS software, the type of components was analyzed according to the impact and effectiveness on other components. The analysis of the structure of the identified effective factors using confirmatory factor analysis shows that the identified factors have a significant structural relationship in creating resilient communities against Corona in Zanjan. The results also show that participation and social networks factor (F1) with a factor load of 0.89, social capital factor (F2) with a factor load of 0.88, knowledge and skills (F3) with a factor load of 0.85, and awareness (F4) with a factor load of 0.75, have the greatest effect in creating resilient societies against the corona disease.

Tehran metropolis has faced many environmental pollutions in recent decades and its quality has been affected.This situation has been paralleled by the ever-increasing population and, as a result, the significant increase in the reliance on motor vehicles for intra and extra-urban trips in this metropolis.  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental quality of Tehran and its spatial relevance to transportation variables. This research has been done by quantative method and using the data of the statistical yearbook of Tehran province in 2019. Shannon entropy weighting method and Promethee multi-criteria decision making technique for evaluating and ranking Tehran regions in terms of environmental quality, hierarchical clustering in SPSS environment for clustering 22 regions and bivariate Moran autocorrelation analysis in Geoda software to study spatial coherence And environmental quality quotes are used. The results indicate the existence of major spatial differences between different regions of Tehran in terms of environmental quality and regions are divided into four major clusters. Positive and negative relationships between transport variables and environmental quality were observed in the form of different spatial patterns in the regions and spatial clusters and non-clusters were analyzed. The results showed that the production of riding space and the increase in travel production, under the influence of artificial road construction in the second cycle of capital accumulation and Fordism mass production style, has a negative spatial correlation with the quality of the urban environment.

The history of twentieth-century urban planning is replete with theories and methods that rely on the ontological, cognitive, and methodological assumptions of the positivist paradigm; In fact, pre-late urban planning of the late 1970s is a legacy of the dominance of the modernist rationalist approach of the 1950s and 1960s. One of the most important theorists of postmodernism is the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze. Deleuze tries to introduce a new look at knowledge by presenting his horizontal and transverse approach to knowledge, which is called "rhizomatic approach"; A view that opposes the tree approach to knowledge and challenges all the different epistemological systems based on the tree approach to knowledge. Deleuze argues that tree systems are linear, hierarchical, static, and vertical, and suggest cuts, divisions, and lines between things. Tree thinking is "thinking", while rhizome thinking is "thinking". The Covid 19 epidemic occurred in the 21st century at a time when various countries were developing and expanding complex relationships around the world, and success was one of the states with the most relationships. The lowest rate. At the beginning of the spread of Covid 19, each country tried to prevent the spread of the epidemic in their own country. Among these, the community-based approach focuses on the role of the voluntary and grassroots sector in local development and the formation of community-based organizations, above all on the role of the voluntary and grassroots sector in local development and the formation of organizations. Emphasis is community-oriented. In this approach, local communities are pioneered, spontaneously organized to achieve common interests and goals, including problem solving, achieving social welfare, and moving beyond the status quo of their local community.

One of the identity and historical-cultural bases of Iranian cities is the bazaar and its constituent elements. Today, however, traditional markets have not been able to meet the needs of citizens and the formation of new commercial spaces due to the requirements of modern living conditions has led to a structural-functional decline of the market and its related elements, including houses. Therefore, parts of the market space, including the houses, which did not meet the needs of today's people, have fallen out of favor and have been marginalized.The present article, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to study and strategically apply the structure and function of Zanjan historical market houses based on the current economic-cultural needs and identity of the urban community. Data collection was done through field and library studies. The statistical population includes 985 people and 273 people were selected by Cochran sampling. For data analysis, one-sample T test and interactive interaction analysis approach were used with the help of SPSS and Scenario Wizard software.Findings showed that the situation of market house regeneration index based on structural-functional conditions is equal to 2.96 and score (t = -0.074) and among market houses, Malek house with the average of 3.46 has obtained the highest score. . As a result, this house has a better condition for revitalization and regeneration than other houses. Also, the most important strategy for the reconstruction and restoration of structural-functional houses in Zanjan Bazaar in order to repair and recreate the architecture and design of houses should be based on the components of the exterior (design and architecture of the exterior); Proportion (appropriateness of the use of greenhouses with the function of the market and the house); Lighting quality; And a sense of place. Therefore, in order to recreate houses, increase and develop mixed uses; Creating diversity; And it is necessary to strengthen and expand the active edges.Keywords: regeneration, Hall, Traditional Market, Zanjan CityStructural-Functional Reconstruction of Traditional Markets in Iranian Cities with a Futuristic Approach (Case Study: Zanjan Historical Bazaar)AbstractOne of the identity and historical-cultural bases of Iranian cities is the bazaar and its constituent elements. Today, however, traditional markets have not been able to meet the needs of citizens and the formation of new commercial spaces due to the requirements of modern living conditions has led to a structural-functional decline of the market and its related elements, including houses. Therefore, parts of the market space, including the houses, which did not meet the needs of today's people, have fallen out of favor and have been marginalized.The present article, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to study and strategically apply the structure and function of Zanjan historical market houses based on the current economic-cultural needs and identity of the urban community. Data collection was done through field and library studies. The statistical population includes 985 people and 273 people were selected by Cochran sampling. For data analysis, one-sample T test and interactive interaction analysis approach were used with the help of SPSS and Scenario Wizard software.Findings showed that the situation of market house regeneration index based on structural-functional conditions is equal to 2.96 and score (t = -0.074) and among market houses, Malek house with the average of 3.46 has obtained the highest score. . As a result, this house has a better condition for revitalization and regeneration than other houses. Also, the most important strategy for the reconstruction and restoration of structural-functional houses in Zanjan Bazaar in order to repair and recreate the architecture and design of houses should be based on the components of the exterior (design and architecture of the exterior); Proportion (appropriateness of the use of greenhouses with the function of the market and the house); Lighting quality; And a sense of place. Therefore, in order to recreate houses, increase and develop mixed uses; Creating diversity; And it is necessary to strengthen and expand the active edges.Keywords: regeneration, Hall, Traditional Market, Zanjan CityStructural-Functional Reconstruction of Traditional Markets in Iranian Cities with a Futuristic Approach (Case Study: Zanjan Historical Bazaar)AbstractOne of the identity and historical-cultural bases of Iranian cities is the bazaar and its constituent elements. Today, however, traditional markets have not been able to meet the needs of citizens and the formation of new commercial spaces due to the requirements of modern living conditions has led to a structural-functional decline of the market and its related elements, including houses. Therefore, parts of the market space, including the houses, which did not meet the needs of today's people, have fallen out of favor and have been marginalized.The present article, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to study and strategically apply the structure and function of Zanjan historical market houses based on the current economic-cultural needs and identity of the urban community. Data collection was done through field and library studies. The statistical population includes 985 people and 273 people were selected by Cochran sampling. For data analysis, one-sample T test and interactive interaction analysis approach were used with the help of SPSS and Scenario Wizard software.Findings showed that the situation of market house regeneration index based on structural-functional conditions is equal to 2.96 and score (t = -0.074) and among market houses, Malek house with the average of 3.46 has obtained the highest score. . As a result, this house has a better condition for revitalization and regeneration than other houses. Also, the most important strategy for the reconstruction and restoration of structural-functional houses in Zanjan Bazaar in order to repair and recreate the architecture and design of houses should be based on the components of the exterior (design and architecture of the exterior); Proportion (appropriateness of the use of greenhouses with the function of the market and the house); Lighting quality; And a sense of place. Therefore, in order to recreate houses, increase and develop mixed uses; Creating diversity; And it is necessary to strengthen and expand the active edges.

Purpose context: 

Environmental sustainability is one of the most fundamental issues of today's city and is the result of their conflict and confrontation with the natural environment, and with the expansion of the city and urbanization, environmental manifestations and values ​​are exposed to more fragility. Hence, this paper tries to evaluate the prevailing situation of environmental sustainability of the city by using environmental drivers.

This research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The time domain of this research was (August 2016) and its spatial area was in accordance with the area of ​​the central fabric of Zanjan city according to the last plan approved in 2018 (492 hectares). It is estimated.

Based on the results obtained through the TOPSIS-ANP ​​combined technique, after converting the final points in the interval (100, 0) and considering the quantitative value of the Economist measurement unit, among the localities located in the worn out context, 51% have an average environmental status. It is low that should be considered in the planning for the stability of the texture.

the accumulation of factors attracting capital and activity in the worn-out fabric of the central part of Zanjan city on one hand and the lack of complete land occupation on the other hand; It has caused the density and concentration of all kinds of activities in this area. This phenomenon has led to the saturation of uses, excessive fragmentation of land, the complexity of the land ownership and lease system, inappropriate and intense exploitation of space, which itself has been the foundation of all kinds of pollution and other conflicts.

The tourism industry, as one of the most profitable service industries in the world, is the priority of the economic income of many countries. In this article, due to the importance of the key position of the government in the economy and because the government is the main player in the political process of tourism development, the role of its economic policies is examined. In terms of purpose, this research is of applied type, in terms of conducting method, it is of descriptive-analytical type, and in terms of data collection method, it is survey type. The cross-sectional method and interview are used as data collection tools. The sources of information used in this method are theoretical foundations, research background, observations, documents, and in-depth interviews with experienced managers and experts. The statistical population under investigation is all those involved in the field of the tourism industry. The statistical sample interviewed was 30 academic experts, experts in tourism policy and Iran's economy. The sampling method used for the in-depth semi-structured interview with the interviewees was the judgmental purposeful sampling method and the snowball method, and it is carried out until the theoretical saturation stage in the subject of the article. Structural analysis of examining the factor structure between the second-order variables and the first-order variables shows that the second-order variable (tourism development) and the first-order variables (entrepreneurship development and job opportunities, competition between potential areas, government investment in the tourism sector, economic policies of the government in the field of tourism, maximum participation of society and the private sector) have significant causal relationships. In the relationship between the second-order variable (tourism development) and the first-order variable, the government's economic policy in the field of tourism (B=0.89) and competition between susceptible regions (B=0.60) were identified as the first and last rank respectively. The results show that the government's economic policy component in the field of tourism with a coefficient of 0.89, the component of entrepreneurship development and employment opportunities with a coefficient of 0.88, and the component of government investment in the tourism sector with a coefficient of 0.83 have the greatest impact on the development of tourism in Iran. have. Furthermore, the component of the maximum participation of the community and the private sector with a coefficient of 0.66, and the component of competition between susceptible areas with a coefficient of 0.60 have the least effect on the promotion and development of tourism.

, the present study has tried Examine the possible situations of tourism loyalty in Zanjan province with a futuristic approach In order to create a clear platform for decision-making for officials by defining the perspective of loyalty And tourism to be on the desired path of loyalty. For this purpose, 92 indicators in 16 dimensions have been used. For analysis, Micmac software has been used to analyze the status, position and extract key factors. And ScenarioWizard software is used to extract scenarios. . The results of the research show that the tourism loyalty model of the province is unstable in Mikmak environment and its trend is distributed diagonally. Also, the results of the Wizard scenario indicate 43 possible scenarios that the probability of unfavorable situations with the feature (due to the issue of tourism has decreased to date) has decreased. Consequently, the use of specialized personnel is reduced, so there will be no proper planning to diversify the resorts and provide different services needed by tourists. . Also, the neglect of holding events and festivals has caused the anonymity of the works and attractions And will eventually create an anti-tourist atmosphere.)

The role of natural light as the most complete and desirable light is undeniable. Recent researches show that daylight, in addition to the role and importance it plays in maintaining and improving the human life cycle, has a special therapeutic effect on some physical and mental illnesses and can be very effective in treating such patients. Considering this approach, this study supposes that light and its influence on the individual and social behaviors of human beings, so it tried to study light and its healing effect on mental well-being of people in Covid-19 pandemic. This applied study is cross-sectional in terms of time domain (February 2020) that the researcher gathered the required data due to living in the studied area in the fieldwork. In order to collect citizens' mental well-being data based on analysis and consultation with psychologists, Keyes Psychological Welfare Scale (1995) questionnaire was used. The results show that light has a significant effect on the mental well-being of residents of Samin residential complexes. The consequence of this has been social adaptation and prosperity for residents (interaction in the form of relationships and family network, group of friends and social relationship with residents of the complex) and hope for better living conditions, meaningful life, and belief in social progress. Moreover, based on Kruskal-Wallis test with the aim of investigating the differences in mental well-being of residents between the five blocks with the foundation of light justice, the results showed the southern blocks, East and West have more desirable level of mental well-being and based on regression analysis, a relationship and duality of light justice and the mental well-being of citizens were found. Therefore, a special planning on the structure of the complexes and balancing the light reception is needed for improving the mental wellbeing of the residents.

The purpose of this study is to explain the pattern of spatial distribution of inner city parks with the approach of spatial justice in the city of Sabzevar. The research method is descriptive - analytical. In order to analyze and explain the distribution of spatial patterns of spatial statistical methods such as the nearest neighborhood and the city Park Service Service network analysis in GIS was used. What distinguishes the present study from the previous research is the study and analysis of the pattern of spatial distribution and the amount of access in different classes of urban parks in different levels of Sabzevar city. The results showed that the functional radius of urban parks in Sabzevar city, at the regional level, indicates the desired functional radius in the central urban contexts, which decreases its desirability by moving away from the city center. Lack of proper distribution of inner city parks in the western part of Sabzevar has reduced the usefulness and performance of regional parks and excessive concentration of these parks in the eastern part of the city has increased the radius of performance and usefulness in the eastern parts of Sabzevar. Inadequate and unjust distribution of inner city parks in different levels of Sabzevar city On the other hand, the disproportion of population and per capita green space has led to intensified unfair distribution of parks in urban areas, districts and neighborhoods because The population is 7088 people with a per capita of 24 square meters, ie for each person there is 24 square meters of green space and a surplus of green space.

The growing trend of urbanization in the years after the Industrial Revolution reduced the capacity of cities to meet the needs of citizens and their capabilities. In this regard, the occurrence of unexpected events such as the Corona outbreak has raised the need to measure the flexibility of cities to establish a proportion between the container and the urban content. Although the outbreak of Corona is an unexpected event, in recent years cities have been warned through SARS that human society in general and cities, in particular, should adopt policies against events such as high-prevalence infectious diseases, but so far the issue of infectious diseases in cities has not been addressed, so when cities face such incidents, more confusion and disability are displayed. The present study aims to identify cities against infectious diseases, identify all the effects that infectious diseases can have on cities, and finally provide the best coping strategies. For this purpose, the documentary-field method has been used to collect information and for analysis and evaluation, FEMA and FAAO techniques have been used and GIS has been used for graphical representation. The results of the research have shown that; closure of small businesses, the inability of the poor to provide for their livelihoods, loss of socio-spatial justice in the distribution and use of services, adverse psychological effects on citizens at risk of disease, and reverse effects of public transportation on disease, scarcity, and hoarding of food-therapy, closure and suspension of educational activities, the disorder of urban management institutions to deal with the Covid-19, reverse effect of congestion growth against the infectious disease, have been the most important effects of infectious disease on cities, in this regard, actions to control and resilience of the city before and after failure have been presented. The obtained results have been proved to be successful.

Reconstruction of Texture Verification as a result of government investment measures with local groups occurs as an endogenous development approach. One of the most important measures of renovation is to Gentrification with numerous groups and actors in the public, private and even cooperative sectors. Therefore, explaining the role and function of actors in the Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification has a significant impact on the organization of renovation projects.This paper is a descriptive-analytical study to analyze the role of influential actors in the development of Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification using a vector model in Zanjan. Data collection was done by library and field method. The statistical population was selected by snowball sampling method. To analyze the data, Structural Interaction Analysis approach and multi-player multi-player model with MIC MAC and Mactor software were used.The results showed that 30 main factors in different dimensions have direct effect on the Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification in Zanjan. Key Proponents of Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification include "Housing Area; Housing Strength; Commitment; Road Use; Housing Proportional; Residential Properties; Buildings; Vitality; Cost and Income Appropriateness. According to the multi-disciplinary model, the main factor in the Gentrification of Zanjan city is the triangle of relations between the municipality-private sector and the Department of Civil Development and Rehabilitation and the main focus is on the private sector. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance renovation of Texture Verification, enhance housing strength, establish a coordination council, and monitor cooperative contracts.

The issue of informal settlements can be considered the biggest challenge for cities today and the biggest challenge for the planet after climate change. These types of settlements, with their various dimensions, are a spatial-physical representation of the antisocial socialization of individuals and groups. The physical representation of these urban phenomena in various labels has always been born in an informal process and has always been seen as an anti-urban phenomenon challenge; the role of factors and drivers influencing the organization of informal settlements in ZanjanThis article deals with the descriptive-analytical method, Data were collected through library and field studies. Data analysis was performed by Delphi method, one-sample t-test and path analysis in DPSIR format with the help of SPSS software.The results showed that according to the one-sample T test, the "impact" component with a coefficient of 2.74 received the highest score. In contrast, the driving force component with a coefficient of 4.87 received the lowest score. Also, based on the route analysis, the "pressure" index with a total impact factor of 0.623 has the greatest impact and causal relationship with the organization of informal settlements.

the most important factor in the formation and continuation of informal settlements is the neglect of the transportation system; Distribution of uses; Pollution; The way of ownership and lack of services. In this regard, to organize informal settlements, strengthen the transportation system; solve the problem of ownership document; improving the quality of life is essential.

The critical discourse approach as a emerging discourse trying to link between power and the dominant ideologies of actors in social contexts. Problematic settlements as a serious challenge to countries, have been hidden power relations objective experience of actors that the contribution of each of them in the production of these space have been different. therefore the purpose of  the present study is explain the effects of actors' activities on the production of the text of problematic urban settlements with  a critical discourse  and right-to-city approaches.

Research method of the present study in terms of  nature is qualitative and in terms of the type is analysis method.For explaining the text / space in problematic settlements was used a combination of qualitative-quantitative methods.Then the research variables were extracted and tested with Delphi technique that the 50 experts selected them.The effects of the indicators were evaluated by a one- sample t-test in Spss software and for the link the power and  ideology of  the actors was used in the production of text /space of problematic settlements with Mactor software.

According to experts idea, findings showed that  life experience of  residents in the form of concepts such as poverty, neglect, backwardness, invisible forces, conflict of interest, ambiguity in fate, distance between claim and action, distance between us and them, duality and conflict and personal interests not common good,  has found meaning. Concepts show the confrontation of government/urban management space strategies against the space tactics of weak people with naturalization of the dominant ideologies and the lack of awareness and economic weakness of the rsidents of these settlements. The role of middle management as a link between government and local management have been significant in the production of text / space of  problematic settlements.

 recognizing the rights of the users of  these settlements with decryption of  hidden meaning  behind the apparent meaning, it can be increased the conditions of domination of the main actors at different levels in the form of self-Administered and self-management.