mohamadreza salmani bishak

Transportation is among the most important sectors of any economy and investment in transportation infrastructure can cause significant growth in the economy. There should be vast economic and engineering research in order to reach a conclusion on investment decision for every transportation project. One of the most important factors in economic evaluation of transportation projects is travel time reduction. Due to high national importance of Tabriz-Miyaneh Railroad project, the goal of this study is to investigate the value of travel time for Tabriz-Tehran passengers with the assumption of new Tabriz-Miyaneh train being operational. To do so, after collecting stated preference data, multinomial logit models for mode choice in Tabriz-Tehran trips were estimated. 3 logit models with different specifications in utility function were estimated. The coefficients of travel time and travel cost were statistically significant with expected signs in all of the estimated models. Average value of travel time and value of travel time for different income groups were estimated based on the estimation results of these models. The average value of travel time for the model with highest level of significance for willingness to pay estimation was equal to 149 thousand Tomans per hour.

Preferential trade agreements with major trade partners can play an important role in maintaining and deepening of current trade. The decision to invest is one of the key decisions in the field of economics and business. Turkey is one of Iran's important trading partners. This can lead to an increase in investment in Iran in order to attract foreign investors from Turkey to Iran, as well as lower the cost of imported inputs for domestic investors. This is especially important in the case of Iran. The present study intends to examine the effects of the trade agreement between Iran and Turkey (that is one of Iran's most important trading partners) on the amount of investment in agriculture, industry, and services since 2011- 2025 in Iran, so a preferential trade scenario for Iran is simulated according to the agreement. Preferential trade agreement between Iran and Turkey will facilitate trade relations, and this can lead to increased investment in Iran in order to attract foreign investors from Turkey, as well as lower the cost of imported inputs of domestic investors. The result of the agreement shows an increase in investment, and it is predicted that this investment will be made more in the production of industrial goods.

Reducing or eliminating tariff rates on imported and exported goods is one of the most important issues that can act as a stimulus between the production, employment and export sectors. Preferential trade agreement between Iran and Turkey will facilitate trade relations between the two countries in order to encourage domestic producers and increase their motivation Compared to other competitors to improve the quality of goods and increase production in various sectors to attract domestic and foreign markets. The present study intends to investigate the trade effects of the economic agreement between Iran and Turkey on the production, export and import of the agricultural and industrial sectors using a dynamic GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) model for the period 2011-2025. As an application of the model, a preferential trade scenario for Iran is simulated in accordance with the agreement. The results of the agreement show that although the individual components of the agreement will reduce production in a few cases, in general, almost all sectors will increase production in 2025

Today, foreign direct investment is an important factor in creating broad economic changes for all countries, especially developing countries. Therefore, considering the importance of attracting foreign investment in the Iranian economy, the present study has examined the effect of economic sanctions and exchange rate uncertainty on FDI absorption in Iran using fuzzy regression model during the period 1990-2018. The results showed that high-intensity sanctions, which were mostly economic and comprehensive sanctions (such as the Central Bank and Iran oil sales sanctions), had a much deeper impact on capital inflows than low-intensity sanctions. Have had. It was also shown that the main obstacle to attracting foreign direct investment in Iran is the severe sanctions, which, like a high wall, overshadow other factors and have greatly reduced the incentives for foreign direct investment in Iran. Also, according to other findings, exchange rate uncertainty has a negative effect on attracting foreign direct investment in Iran. This finding confirms that the widespread exchange rate uncertainty in the Iranian economy has created an environment of uncertainty for investors to make decisions. Because it is difficult to predict profitability in the commercial and non-commercial sectors, as well as the cost of new capital goods.

In the modern world economy, foreign direct investment plays a very important role. Empirical studies show that the simultaneous study of the impact of corporate tax and exchange rate uncertainty on FDI absorption has not received much attention. In this article, we refer to the tax on corporate profits and exchange rate uncertainty on attracting FDI in Iran during 1981 to 2018 were studied. Other innovations of the present study can be described in terms of two virtual variables of low intensity and high intensity sanctions as well as the use of fuzzy logic concepts in estimating the coefficients of variables. The results showed that the intersecting effect of corporate income tax and exchange rate uncertainty, which represent profit and risk factors on FDI absorption, respectively, had a negative effect on FDI absorption. Also, comparing the coefficient of this variable with other factors of inflation rate, exchange rate and sanctions, it can be concluded that the intersecting effect of corporate tax and exchange rate uncertainty after the sanctions factor is the most important obstacle to attracting foreign direct investment in Iran.