فهرست مطالب mohammad amin ghaneirad

In this research, the way of scientific cooperation among professors of educational sciences among scientific groups is investigated and it is clear how knowledge is transferred in scientific cooperation networks between them and what is the contribution of each of them in the production of scientific articles published in the country. The present study was conducted to study the Co-authorship network of faculty members in the field of education of Governmental universities of Tehran and review authorship patterns in 2795 published articles in scientific journals.

This study was conducted scientometric approach and social network analysis method. The statistical population of the research includes the internally published articles of the faculty members of educational sciences of Tehran universities, which were published by scientific research journals and periodicals and uploaded to the citation indexes of the sciences of the Islamic world science center and Magiran. 2795 articles that were indexed in these databases from 1377 to 1395 were examined with the available sample method. Since in the sample selection process, it was not possible to access all the articles of faculty members, and as a result, it was not possible to select samples using random methods, therefore, the available sample method was used to select the samples. The number of co-authors for each member was entered in a table in Excel software. The matrix was created manually. The result was a 106*106 matrix. Configure the Co-authorship network for the publication of internal papers was investigated using the macro indicators network analysis such as Density, clustering coefficient, mean distance, connectedness, and diameter of the network and for analyzing the performance of each faculty member with a compilation in the network, was used the micro indexes of the analysis of networks such as Indices degree centrality, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector. To analyze and draw information obtained from the network were used U.C.I.Net software and its complementary package Net Drew.

The pattern of three authorships has been the most important collaborative pattern in the articles studied (%30). The network is composed of 106 nodes and 461 ties. The study of micro indicators showed that individuals such as Ali Delavar, Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi, Abbas Abbaspour, Mahboobeh Arefi, and Khosrow Bagheri with the highest degree of scientific collaboration with other writers, are the most participant in the network. Based on the analysis of the network structure in terms of micro-indices that indicate the individual's performance in the network, it can be said that according to the degree centrality index, people such as Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi, Korosh Fathi Vajargah, Mohammad Attaran, and Khosro Bagheri have a prominent position and influence And their power in the network is higher than other members and they have the most scientific influence and these people somehow control the flow of information in the network. The analysis of macro indicators also showed that the density of the mentioned network was 0.114, so the network did not have sufficient Cohesion. Therefore, the current network is of a discrete type and the flow of information is slow. In other words, the connection between the nodes is low and the network has low coherence and there are many holes in it.

Examining the writing patterns of the professors showed that the pattern of three writings in the published internal articles took the largest share, which was the result of the cooperation of the professors with students and other researchers rather than the cooperation of the professors with each other; Also, the examination of micro and macro indicators also showed that the scientific cooperation of professors in the field of educational sciences in the public universities of Tehran is not favorable.

Public understanding of science and technology is influential in the success and development of technology in society. Therefore, studying the knowledge and attitude of people towards science and technology is very important. Meanwhile, nanotechnology is considered as a technology with tremendous potential to produce a diverse range of products in various fields. Therefore, public understanding of this technology will be effective in its development. The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for analyzing and evaluating the public understanding of nanotechnology in Iran based on various dimensions and conduct a survey in this field. The present research is descriptive and to conduct it, library studies (to identify different dimensions and provide a public understanding of nanotechnology) and survey (to implement the guide based on the proposed framework) have been used. The survey tools were also interviews and questionnaires, which include a set of indicators of public understanding of science and technology. Finally, the results of the present study in each of the dimensions of proposed framework were compared with the results of different studies and the differences and similarities regarding the achievements of different studies were presented. The results show that there is a difference between students' perceptions of the risks and benefits of nanotechnology and also the degree of familiarity of students in different fields with nanotechnology; Also, among the demographic variables, gender and religious orientation were among the variables affecting familiarity and trust in nanotechnology, respectively.

The present study was conducted to study the Co-authorship network of faculty members in the field of education of public universities of Tehran and reviewing authorship patterns in 199 foreign articles published in Web of Science and Scopus databases to pay in March 2017. This study was conducted scientometric approach and social network analysis. Configure the Co-authorship network for the publication of internal papers were investigated using the macro indicators network analysis such as Density, clustering coefficient, mean distance, connectedness and diameter of the network and for analyzing the performance of each faculty member with a compilation in the network, was used the micro indexes of the analysis of networks such as Indices degree centrality, betweenness, closeness, and eigen vector. To analyze and draw information obtained from the network were used a U.C.I.Net software and its complementary package Net Draw. The pattern of three authorship has been the most important collaborative pattern in the articles studied (%30). The network is composed of 106 nodes and 41 ties. The study of micro indicators showed that individuals such as Abbas Abbaspou , Khosrow Bagheri With the highest degree of scientific collaboration with other writers, they are the most participant in the network.

This study examines the distinctions to differentiate the cognitive and social aspects of the work of science. The major difference between the social constructs discussed in this paper is the degree of institutionalization. This factor is important in relation to scientific development. Since science is essentially cognitive structures and it is operated by scientists at different levels, this study has been devoted to cognitive development and two parts of them were investigated. In the research specializations where cognitive and social integration are low, a large number data is generated by small gatherings that are not necessarily consistent and coherent. At the end of this paper, it is concluded that the identification of scientists from their research domains and their specializations should be integrated in the light of a literary analys

Substituting renewable energy for part of fossil fuels in Iran, appropriate policies need to be adopted. Obviously, before policy making, the substitution pathway must be determined so that it can make the transition happen by adopting appropriate policies. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to define renewable energy transition pathway in Iran.
In this regard, firstly based on transition studies and also niche, regime and landscape levels (macro level), Iran renewable energy development process has been described and the parameters are simultaneously extracted to identify the transition pathway. Then it has been tried to obtain the technological transition pathway of Iran renewable energy by measuring these parameters.
Based on the results obtained from this study, Iran technological transition pathway in its second and third phases is a “transformation pathway (layering)” and in the fourth phase, it is changing from “transformation pathway (layering)” to “technological substitution”. It is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for facilitating the rest of the pathway for Iran renewable energy transition to reach its destination.

Currently social sciences and humanities are evaluated by the same model and indicator with natural and engineering sciences and there is no specific model for it’s evaluation and this made lots of criticisms between scholars and researchers in these fields, deficiency of evaluations and misinterpretation of social sciences and humanities’ situation in Iran. Because of this necessity, aim of this paper is making a conceptual model and suggesting a multidimensional model for evaluating of social sciences and humanities. So with review of literature of roles of humanities and social sciences and choossing integrated approach and developing Burowoy’s 4 kind of sociology to 4 kinds of social sciences and humanities we came to a primary model and then correct it with using multiple research methods including content analysis of Iran and other countries ‘s experiences and qualitative interview with 35 faculty members and research fellow by targeted sampling in 18 different disciplines in this field and finally having current upgrade instruction of faculty members and research fellows in mind, we propose the multidimensional model of evaluation of social sciences and humanities.

Cultural industries are those industries whose main functions are to create, produce, and commercialize themes with cultural nature in the form of products or services, and include industries like computer games, toys, publication, fashion and clothes. Given cultural, social, economic and even defensive importance of cultural industries, these industries play an important role in different aspects of national development.
Despite different functions of cultural industries, statistics show that there is a gap between current and desired status in their different branches. Bridging this gap requires developing desired status for these industries and designing and developing a set of policies and strategies to achieve it. One of the requirements for developing effective vision and strategies for cultural industries is to identify current and desired approaches regarding them.
The primary question of this paper is: “what are the current approaches regarding national cultural industries, and what are the desired approaches?”
The method used in this paper was identifying possible or alternative approaches to cultural industries by literature review, and then identifying current and preferred approaches by surveying cultural industries stakeholders with a close-ended questionnaire. Cultural industries innovation system model was used to identify stakeholders. Finally, the research methodology, survey questions and results were validated through in-depth interview with 5 cultural industries experts and the alternative approaches were modified accordingly.
Survey results analysis shows that "controlling, defensive and security" approaches are currently dominant regarding national cultural industries; however desired approaches, in order of importance, should be economic, social, and political.

Cloning technology development into reproductive and therapeutic implications in recent years has evoked wide sensitivities across the international community. On one hand, advocates of this technology support it by posing issues like its capability in ameliorating biological deficiencies and curing diseases, and the critics, on the other hand, express concerns by taking moral and societal considerations into account. Developing this technology in Islamic society of Iran, as other societies, requires general understanding and social acceptance. The aim of this research, is evaluating cloning technology, in its two kinds, including reproductive and therapeutic cloning in Iran’s society. For this purpose, Davis technology acceptance model was used. Statistical society of this research includes habitants of Tehran who are 18 and more, and statistical sample, is 316 persons. Questionnaires were used as data gathering tool, and data analysis method contains descriptive statistics indexes, ANOVA test and correlation test through SPSS and smartPLS softwares. Research findings indicate that general understanding of reproductive human cloning is negative, whereas about therapeutic cloning, it is positive. Likewise, gender, is a factor affecting this technology’s acceptance, means that men are optimist about cloning technology and women are pessimist about it. This research findings can offer remarkable policy implications to science and technology policy makers of our country.

People show different interactions affected by the type of internalized socialization and type of their socialization affects on the lifestyle and different aspects of life. The most fundamental aspect of life style is body management. After the students were in the process of socialization, they make changes in terms of this aspect of their life consciously or unconsciously. The method of the research was descriptive and was done by a survey. Theoretically, the present study focused on scientific socialization and body management, and then theoretical model of the research was designed. Indicators to be surveyed for measure of scientific socialization are: Interactions and communications in areas of science, scientific interest and enjoyment of the environment, scientific success and scientific ethical values and principle. To measure body management, indicators like: tend to exercise, attention to the diet, doing cosmetic surgery, attention to health, coverage style and the self-assembly are applied. The current study is done among students of Tehran University, Statistical universe and samples are all ph. D. and MA. Students in four educational groups of humanities, basic sciences, technical and engineering and medical sciences, of which 256 individuals were chosen as sample by Cochran sampling. To gather the data, questionnaires were distributed among participants. When questionnaires were filled, statistical coefficients which are relevant to the variables, (pierson correlation coefficient tests and multivariate stepwise regression analysis) were analyzed by using Spss 17 software. The final results according to the results of hypothesis revealed that there is a significant and direct relationship between scientific socialization and body management.

The development of the Internet as a modern communication technology has raised new, important and different issues regarding the relation between this technology and the public sphere. In this paper, based on Habermaus’s theory, we have proposed four fundamental questions about the possibility and impossibility of development of the public sphere in the cyberspace in order to prepare a systematic review of the proposed theories. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to distinguish three different views toward the development of virtual public sphere: possibility, impossibility, and conditional nature of the formation of the virtual public sphere. The resultant of these three views is that despite the capacity of the cyberspace for the development of virtual public sphere, there are still important challenges such as the digital divide, polarization, cyberspace fragmentation, anonymity, and loosening of the real social ties. In addition, closer study of the relation between cyberspace and public sphere requires us to avoid technological determinism, and consider the institutional and social contexts and perform comparative studies on different social and institutional contexts

This paper tries to determine the groups of public attitudes to science and technology with two main aspects of knowledge and attitudes in Iran. Therfore a questionnaire consisting of indicators and variables obtained from the experiences of other countries and the viewpoints of Iranian experts was set. The questionnaires with a series of open and closed questions were distribued among 300 residents of Tehran as the research sample. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed using explanatory factor analysis and cluster analysis. The most important findings of this research show the existence of five attitudinal groups to science among the respondents, that are "indifferents to science", "believers to science",” lovers  of science", "supporters of science" and "unbelievers to science."

Media as public opinion formers have crucial role in supporting the growth and development of science and technology. They form media frames in various fields of science and Technology. This paper seeks to identify frames which Iranian television series depict biotechnology. The Biotechnology frames Identified through qualitative framing analysis. To achieve this goal، all TV series of Five main national channels for a five-year period (2008-2013) were considered and two TV series – “Balhayeh Khis، 1392 (Wet Wings،2013) and” Factoreh hasht، 1387” (Factor 8، 2008) were selected. The central theme in these series was Biotechnology. To identify frames a combination of content analysis and semiotics were used. Findings show that six main frame were used for representation of Biotechnology in Iranian TV series which includes: conspiracy، ideology - spiritual values، scientific progress، ethics، economy and independence.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibiting factors in International Scientific Collaboration based on Joint Authorship from the viewpoint of Tehran University faculty members. We used an applied research and survey method. Research population included 270 Tehran University faculty members who filled in a questionnaire. The results showed that the political variable with (3.53) was the most effective barrier for scientific collaboration. The lowest variable with (2.21) was the cultural variable. Also, the results revealed that there was a significant and negative correlation between joint scientific output and other 3 variables (i.e., political, organizational and motivational.)

investigatingabout theobstacles forinternational academic collaboration and co-authorship from the point ofview of members ofTehran University scientific board.
Research it is an applied research with a surveymethod byresearchermade questionnaire. The study population consists of 270 members of Tehran Universityacademic board. Reliability ofquestionnaire is assessed byCronbach's alpha coefficient for each variable separately; the results show its high reliability. Findings: the surveyshows that ‘political variable’ with mean of 3/53 is recognized as the most effective barrier to international academic collaboration. Cultural variable, in comparison with other elements, has had the lowest mean (2/21) and effectiveness.
Findings, also, indicates a significant and negative correlation between individual’s international joint scientific products and three political, organizational and motivational variables. In other words,regarding these three variables, the lower number of co-authorship, the higher number of problems and barriers to researchers and vice versa.

Higher education in contemporary society is drawn towards occupationalism/vocationalism and professionalism by two opposite tendencies. This article, with distinguishing two concepts of occupation and profession, studies the roots of occupationalism and professionalism in modern era and their relations to higher education. After this conceptual review, the effects of changes in the final decades of the twentieth century on shaping the two phenomena of new occupationalism/ new vocationalism and new professionalism are examined. In knowledge society and with forming of knowledge-based employment, professionalism or normative and communicative natures of professionals with their jobs have been transformed and these transformations resulted to the emergence of new professionalism. This article wishes to inquiry different dimensions of new professionalism and to study consequences of this concept for social organization and cognitive content of professions in close future. Therefore, concepts of new professionalism and politics of professionalism and its relevant models, namely the ecological model of professionalism, transformative professionalism, democratic professionalism and civic professionalism, are set forth. Finally, a four-aspect model of professionalism with dimensions of academic professionalism, critical professionalism, market and policy professionalism, and public professionalism is discussed.The conclusion of the paper has focused on the importance of new professionalism as opposed to new vocationalism. Under the influences of new necessities of economic globalization, challenges and needs of labor market, formation of knowledge-based economy, increasing the rate of unemployment and development of Post-Fordism economy, new vocationalism threatens education with growth of mechanical procedures, utilitarianism, mere quantificationism, and makes educated persons face the development of uncritical, one-dimensional approach and technicianism and the result is forgetting science and profession as a set of personal, inter-personal, social and political values. This article assumed it necessary for the educational plans and curriculums to reform at different level of education including higher education in the line of combination of general education with emphasis on humanistic and civic values and vocational education with emphasis on job values responding to multiply needs including balance-making between work and life, culture and knowledge. The final section of this article includes specific strategies for developing new professionalism especially in human sciences disciplines with a special focus on the promotion of relations between professionals and the publics.

As a sociological investigation, this study aims to examine the problems of sociology’s graduate students in finding dissertation research topics. This study was carried out as a descriptive and qualitative survey in which 30 students and professors at the Tehran, Alzahra and Allameh Tabatabaei universities were interviewed. Difficulties among students in finding research topic (problem) were explained by “socialization”, “paradigm” and “scientific community” concepts. Therefore, the weakness in creating scientific communities and paradigms in sociology were considered as research assumptions resulted in some difficulties through which students will be faced a problematic circumstances in their socialization processes. This at the end causes that students will confront with difficulties in finding research problem for their dissertations. The findings indicated that graduate students are confronting some relevant difficulties including the lack of interesting field, the lack of sociological questions, being doubtful about finding research problem, problems which are related to school and university educational system, the lack of scientific debates at the departments of sociology and little interactions amongst professors with each other and with their students are among problems.

Scientists seek to establish and maintain relationships with society and different groups of people, but these relationships have been rather one-directional and based on monologue logic flowing from scientists to the lay. During recent decades, however, the science and society relationships have witnessed changes: facilitating processes of dialogical and encouraging open/mutual participation. The present paper, while reviewing the literature, theoretical views and experiences of other countries, takes a glance at the Iranian situation and seeks to answer the following questions: 1- How have been the forms of science and society relations during recent decades? 2- What relations have exhibited these formations, echoing changes of society’s forms? 3- What parallels exist between forms of contemporary democracy and forms of science and society relations? 4- How the Iranian situation of science and society relations can be organized in a more democratic direction? The first section of the paper based on the study of the existing literature presents forms of science and society relations in three models of public deficit, public engagement, and public participation. The second section examines the link between three categories of science, society and democracy to clarify symmetry between these conceptual formulations with social changes and shifts in contemporary democracy forms. The finding of the paper shows the emergence of cultural and technological changes and that genesis of late modernity or postmodern society has been effective in democratization of knowledge and society. The final section of paper proposes several ideas for developing democratic processes in science and social relations in the country.

Establishment of the High Council for Sciences, Research and Technology as policy and decision making organ in the Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology has raised the question of structural design of the High Council, which has the dual responsibilities of research and management, so that it could best meet the tasks it was charged to implement. Responding to this question, the present research uses four basic methods of documentary study, tasks analysis, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. We interviewed 20 experts and based on analysis of their views designed 12 structural scenarios in the forms of three patterns of organizational autonomy, organizational dependency, organizational integration between two research and executive functions. After designing and drawing related structural scenarios, structural findings were assessed with establishing two focus groups with participating of 53 experts. Accordingly the establishment of “Iranian science and technology policy organization” based on organizational integration pattern between the two functions, with large scales, was selected as more desired structural scenario for research and executive supporting of the High Council. Then its strengths and weakness evaluated by experts in focus groups. In final section of the paper, some executive suggestions offer for establishing and improving the selected scenario.

The present study, based on an ethnological approach in sociology, studies the mentalities of researchers in regards to the scientific community in Iran. The theoretical section of the paper presents the sociological views concerning social system and social action and institutionalist and ethnological standpoints about the scientific communities. This study used a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with 69 leading researchers, mainly in basic sciences, who had published large amounts of papers in refereed journals indexed in ISI. In the findings section of the paper, researchers’ mentalities are classified. These mentalities include categories of existence or not-existence of scientific communities in Iran, their characteristics and their definitions by researchers. In the concluding section, different viewpoints are compared with each other and the study results are reviewed against Merton’s ideas as a leading figure of institutionalist theorist of sociology.

This study attempts to classify cultural forms of Iranian intellectuals’ perspectives and to define and explain changes among these forms. Its path is a documentary method with qualitative content analysis of the works of recent four decades. The conceptual framework is built on the threefold typology of intellectuals’ culture i.e. aboriginal-oriented, transcendental, and communicative culture. Findings show there are diverse cultural forms among Iranian intellectuals and the trend has a tendency towards communicative cultural form. This change can be explained in terms of the effects of social movements and new technologies of communications. By way of these agency and structural effects, now a new pattern of intellectuals’ culture is shaping that is based on dialogical, synthetic and interactive characteristics

Policy decisions are shaped by policy maker's concept of development. Development is a value based and normative concept, and accordingly, there are various approaches to it. Science is the key to the creation of wealth in a "national economic development approach". Therefore, policy makers invest in human and social capital as valuable assets. Firms are important because they can cause growth and wealth. According to the literature in this field, there is a positive correlation between innovation and inequality. It means that inequality will increase by increasing innovation. But the wealth derived from innovation can later be used to reduce that inequality. In contrast, the concern for "human development approach" is improving human quality of life, and speaks about Pro-poor, Para-poor, and Per-poor innovations. Some economists argue about development as freedom and improvement of people capabilities. The concern for "capability approach" is improving human opp ortunities, eliminating inequalities, and achieving justice. Freedom and capability are prerequisites for people creativity. Because of the paradoxes in different development approaches mentioned above, in this article the relationship between innovation and inequality is examined and a negative correlation is found. Less social and human capabilities has resulted in less innovation and more inequalities in various dimensions. Therefore, a greater emphasis on enhancing human capabilities is recommended in policy-making efforts.

In recent years, social sciences have been ,formally, accused of being secular, western, with non-religious epistemological foundations, being indifferent to social issues and practical needs of the Iranian society and on the other hand, -there are formal attempts to establish an indigenous social science in contrast with universal social sciences. Such indigenization attempts in the realm of sociology have mainly resulted in two programs: The Islamic sociology program and the social and cultural engineering program. Although having the support of some of the academics as well, the bulk of advocates of the two approaches in indigenization program respectively are among specific religious institutions and figures and the governmental ones. This paper specifically aims to analyze the cognitive responses of the Iranian social scientists to these two approaches. Various tendencies have emerged among the Iranian intellectuals as a reaction to these official plans. In terms of the conceptual framework, this paper draws on the concepts of 'alternative discourses' of Syed Farid Alatas, Reawyn Connell’s 'Southern theory', and the four concepts of professional, critical, policy and public sociologies of Michael Burawoy and the questions raised by the paper can be considered in the light of these concepts: Do the Iranian postrevolutionary sociologists' thoughts show the characteristics of alternative discourses? Do these discourses attend to social sciences as a program of democratization of the ‘north’ ‘south’ relations? Do the social sciences discourses in Iran contemplate on the promotion of democracy on the national level? Do these discourses have the required theoretical characteristics to be acceptable within the discipline? Which of the four patterns of sociology mentioned above are reflected in these alternative discourses? The present paper firstly reviews the pre-revolutionary intellectual tradition of alternative social sciences by discussing Jalal Al-e Ahmad (1923-1969) and Ali Shariati’s (1933-1977) thoughts and then the post-revolutionary intellectual rupture and the emergence of phobia/taboo on the discussion of indigenization will be described. The main part of the paper will attend to the alternative social sciences among Iranian social scientists in three sections. In nowadays Iran there can be the talk of various global, indigenous, and alternative sociologies.The indigenous social sciences criticize the pre-suppositions in the ontological and epistemological foundations of the mainstream sociology in the universities. However, as long as this view has roots in official and unscientific institutions they can only be called ‘pseudo critical sociology’.The trend of thought which has its roots in governmental interferences rather than academic research programs can be called 'pseudo-policy sociology'. The reaction of these academics in terms of indigenization program of social sciences has been described as a phobia where they are scared of these debates and try to avoid it like a taboo subject. Against such conditions, most of the academics have sought shelter in the universal social sciences and defend it as neutral and objective science. This can be described as the passive consumption of social sciences which is obsessed with the concerns of methodology and has not yet shown much creativity. Several approaches are being developed in against both one-sided universalism and indigenous trends. The Iranian alternative discourses are trying to distance themselves from the paralysis brought about by the phobic situation. The advocates of "simple alternative discourses" while criticizing the official indigenization program, propose a discourse which functions as a substitute and yet defines itself in agreement with the global discourse of sociology. The "dual alternative discourses" avoid the dilemma of indigenous and universal science. They criticize the political and ideological dimensions of both discourses simultaneously and at the same time try not to ignore the democratic and humanist capabilities of attending to indigenous and universal dimensions. This trend of thought call for a formation of an interactive and dialogical world in social sciences and produce thoughts which can reconstruct social sciences as a democratic project both within various local groups and between Iran and the world powers. Perhaps the most creative intellectual trend in Iranian sociology can be traced in the advocates of such dual alternative discourses which have resulted in an expansion of critical and public kinds of sociology in addition to its professional impact. The last section of the paper summarizes these various perspectives and evaluates them against the conceptual framework of our study. The goal of the last section is to evaluate the ‘alternativity’ of these discourses, their functions in democratization of both local and global relations and their shares in promotion of the four mentioned sociologies to higher levels of theoretical capabilities, value legitimation and social influence.

This paper is based on a research that has been conducted among 358 undergraduate students of social sciences who were studying in five Tehran state universities. The main goal of study was evaluating the social structure of education through measuring social and educational relationships of students with each other and with their professors. The theoretical framework is derived from sociology of science and higher education literature. Based on these theoretical backgrounds, social structure of education is influential in shaping the self-efficacy and academic achievement of students.This study applied survey method and questionnaire technique, and using descriptive and inferential statistics methods, data were analyzed. The findings revealed that there is positive correlation between social structure of education and educational performance of students. The findings also showed that students with higher social integration and interactive learning have better academic performance and higher self-efficacy.