mohammad taghipour

Venture capital investment involves infusing capital, providing managerial services, and planning for capital exit in young, innovative, and growing companies. These distinctive characteristics separate venture capital contracts from other financial agreements. Recognized globally by leaders in both governmental and economic spheres, venture capital investment has proven crucial for economic development and technological advancement. Noteworthy examples include the semiconductor industry and companies such as Microsoft and Facebook (Meta), which have substantially benefited from venture capital investments. For instance, M12, formerly known as Microsoft Ventures, serves as Microsoft’s venture capital firm, investing in startups and technological projects focused on artificial intelligence, software development, and cybersecurity. Similarly, Facebook has established an internal unit dedicated to venture capital investment in new technologies. These ventures highlight the pivotal role of venture capital contracts in driving economic progress within contemporary managerial and economic systems.
     However, the agreements and regulations underlying venture capital contracts can create potential conflicts between the rights of the capital recipient and the investor, as evidenced by studies within the US legal system. To mitigate such conflicts, there is a need to redefine the nature of these contracts in accordance with Islamic jurisprudence. In Iran, despite laws and regulations advocating for the support and development of venture capital investments, the legitimacy, validity, and nature of venture capital contracts under the Iranian legal system and Islamic jurisprudence have not been thoroughly explored. This research aims to fill this gap by refuting claims of illegitimacy, establishing the legitimacy of venture capital contracts, and demonstrating their compatibility with Islamic participation agreements while clarifying their incompatibility with other nominate contracts.

The central research question of this study is: How can the nature of venture capital contracts be reinterpreted within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence to address claims of their speculative and irrational nature, thereby establishing their legitimacy and validity in both Islamic and Iranian legal systems?

The hypothesis driving this research posits that venture capital contracts, when scrutinized under Islamic jurisprudence, can be deemed legitimate and valid. This legitimacy hinges on demonstrating that these contracts align with the principles of Islamic finance and jurisprudence, particularly through the framework of participation agreements. The study hypothesizes that the speculative and irrational concerns associated with venture capital contracts can be addressed by redefining their nature within the Islamic legal context, thus proving their compatibility with the principles of trade and profit-sharing recognized in Islamic law.

This research employs a library-documentary method for data collection and a descriptive-analytical approach for data analysis. The study involves deducing, interpreting, and reasoning findings from documents, with extensive references to the texts and opinions of Islamic jurists and legal scholars. The methodological framework includes:     Reviewing existing literature on venture capital contracts in both Western and Islamic legal contexts.
     Analyzing the principles of Islamic jurisprudence to understand the legitimacy of venture capital contracts.
     Examining the compatibility of venture capital contracts with various nominate contracts in Islamic jurisprudence, such as sale, partnership, reward, and participation agreements.
     Utilizing the principles of the Qur'an, specifically the general verse "Allah has permitted trade" (Surah Al-Baqarah - 275), the rule of the Muslim market, and the principle of legitimacy to argue for the validity of venture capital contracts.

The study finds that venture capital contracts, despite their modern inception, can be aligned with the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, particularly through the lens of participation agreements. The key results and discussions include:     Legitimacy in Islamic Jurisprudence: The venture capital contract is legitimized by the principle of the validity of contracts and the Qur'anic verse permitting trade. This legitimacy is further supported by the rule of the Muslim market and the overarching principle of legitimacy in Islamic law.
     Compatibility with Nominate Contracts: The venture capital contract shares significant similarities with the participation agreement in Islamic jurisprudence. Both contracts involve the mixing of assets, shared ownership, and management of these assets according to agreed terms. The division of profits and losses based on co-owned shares in both contracts further establishes this compatibility.
     Addressing Hazardous and Irrational Claims

The speculative nature of venture capital investments, while inherent to their high-risk, high-reward paradigm, can be rationalized within Islamic jurisprudence by emphasizing the profit-sharing and risk-bearing principles foundational to Islamic finance.
     Economic and Technological Impact: By legitimizing venture capital contracts within the Islamic legal framework, the study underscores their potential in fostering economic development and technological innovation, as evidenced by successful global examples.

This research concludes that venture capital contracts, while modern, can be reconciled with the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, particularly through the framework of participation agreements. By proving their legitimacy based on Islamic legal principles, the study establishes their validity within the Iranian legal system. The key findings are:     Venture capital contracts are legitimate and valid under Islamic jurisprudence, supported by the Qur'anic principles of trade and the rule of the Muslim market [Souq al-Muslimeen].
     These contracts align closely with the participation agreement in Islamic jurisprudence, sharing critical elements such as asset mixing, shared ownership, and profit-loss distribution.
     Addressing the speculative and irrational concerns associated with venture capital contracts can be achieved by emphasizing their alignment with the risk-sharing principles of Islamic finance.
     The research highlights the significant role of venture capital contracts in economic and technological advancement, advocating for their broader acceptance and integration within Islamic legal systems.
     By establishing the legitimacy and redefining the nature of venture capital contracts within Islamic jurisprudence, this study paves the way for their acceptance and utilization in fostering economic growth and innovation, particularly within Islamic countries like Iran.

Customer knowledge management is a combination of knowledge management and customer relationship management, which becomes important for developing the business strategy of the organization and as a result, improving organizational activities and achieving a competitive advantage. With the development and expansion of knowledge and information technology, the project environment has become more complex. The purpose of the research is to determine a model to evaluate the knowledge management system in order to improve industries with the focus on educational technology and the use of data mining concepts. Quantitative research method and the required information of this research were collected from the database of industrial units including the automobile company. The statistical population of the research includes all car buyers during the years 2019 and 2019, and the sampling method was simple random.To collect data from questionnaires and to analyze data, data mining method and kmens algorithms, neural network method and support vector machine were used. The obtained results show that the use of knowledge management and educational technology concepts has been able to predict the types of customers and sales trends in the future and it is expected that the obtained results will be useful in improving industries and manufacturing and production management in the country.

Subacromial impingement syndrome is one of the most prevalent causes of shoulder pain in dialysis patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Kinesio tape in combination with mobilization versus mobilization alone on rest pain, shoulder abduction pain, shoulder abduction range of motion (ROM), and shoulder functional disability in dialysis patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. 

In this randomized clinical study, 40 dialysis patients with subacromial impingement syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received anterior-posterior mobilization and glenohumeral traction. In the other group, patients received the same mobilization as the first group, with the addition of deltoid and supraspinatus Kinesio taping. The treatment sessions lasted for four weeks, with three sessions per week (12 sessions in total). The primary outcome measures were rest pain and shoulder abduction pain, assessed using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). The secondary outcome measures included shoulder abduction ROM, which was assessed by a goniometer, and shoulder functional disability that evaluated by the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire. All evaluations were performed before the treatment, after 12 treatment sessions, and 10 days after the completion of treatment.

The results showed that functional disability, rest pain, shoulder abduction pain, and ROM significantly improved in both groups (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups before treatment, after treatment, and during the follow-up study (P≥0.05)

The results suggest that Kinesio tape in combination with mobilization does not provide additional benefits compared to mobilization alone in reducing shoulder rest and abduction pain, improving shoulder abduction ROM, and enhancing functional disability in dialysis patients with subacromial impingement syndrome.

Today, the employees have moved towards less mobility and more sitting due to the use of modern technologies in the workplace, and the complications arisen from static work and fixed posture have caused numerous disorders, including musculoskeletal disorders. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the comfort and usability of the ergonomic sit-stand desk converter with the purpose of prevention of disorders caused by continues sitting in workers.

30 employees and Faculty Members of a university voluntarily entered this study with consent and awareness. After providing the necessary explanations, two researcher-made questionnaires of Local Perceived Discomfort (LPD) and Sit-Stand Desk Converter Usability Questionnaire (SSDCUQ), two methods of posture analysis, two methods of Workstation evaluation and general satisfaction together with 2-8-20 software and an ergonomic desk converter were provided to the volunteers. After the test period, SPSS version 22 software and statistical tests such as mean, standard deviation, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.  

The total average of LPD in different parts of body was 0.48 ± 0.87, which indicates that the converter works in the range of no problem to very little discomfort. The average general satisfaction with the converter's function was 3.18 ± 1.08 which is in the moderate to good range. Also, a significant relationship was found between different situations of using the converter in the analysis of different sitting and standing postures (P<0.0005), which indicates the improvement of the sitting and standing posture during the use of the converter.

height-adjustable workstations are a good choice to reduce sitting time and improve posture. Despite the improvement of sitting and standing posture when using the converter, there are limitations such as the user ignoring software warning to sit and stand in the mechanical converter under study

Musculoskeletal pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the main causes of functional disability. Although the symptoms and complaints of patients with MPS are often related to their musculoskeletal structures, repeated microtraumas and overuse (the main causes of musculoskeletal pain) may also lead to abnormal neurodynamics. Abnormal neurodynamics refers to mechanical dysfunction in the movement of nerve structures related to the surrounding tissues or disruption in the normal elongation of the nerve. Some recent studies have suggested the possibility of abnormal neurodynamics in patients with MPS. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of abnormal neural tension and its association with functional disability in patients with MPS of the upper extremity.

A hundred participants with MPS (78 women and 22 men) participated in this study. Median, radial and ulnar nerve neurodynamic tests were performed according to Butler & Shacklock’s approach. There was a five-minute rest between each test to avoid the therapeutic effects of neurodynamic maneuvering. To quantitatively measure the intensity of the abnormal tension in the peripheral nerves in case of a positive neurodynamic test, the angle of the elbow joint in extension (for the median and radial nerves) and the angle of the shoulder joint in abduction (for the ulnar nerve) were measured using a standard goniometer. The association between abnormal neural tension and functional disability was investigated using Pearson's correlation test. The statistical significance level was set a t 0.05.

Regardless of the type of disorder, 112 patients had abnormal neural tension (some participants had more than one disorder) and underwent the neurodynamic test. Based on the results, 50 patients (50%) had at least one median, radial, or ulnar nerve tension dysfunction. There was no significant association between the degree of functional disability and the severity of abnormal neural tension according to the joint angle.

In many patients with MPS of the upper extremity with no obvious symptoms of neurological dysfunction, the nerve neurodynamic test is positive. Therefore, it is recommended that in all patients diagnosed with MPS, nerve neurodynamic test and, if necessary, neurodynamic therapy should be included in the routine physiotherapy.

The use of medical insoles is one of the non-surgical treatment methods for improving the gait pattern of individuals with leg length discrepancy (LLD). However, the long-term effect of insoles on lower limb joint dynamics in these individuals is still unclear. This study aims to investigate and compare the long-term effect of inner and outer insoles on selected dynamics variables of the lower limb joints in men with LLD during the stance phase of gait.

This is a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design on 18 men with mild LLD, randomly divided into two parallel groups of inner insole and outer insole. Selected dynamics parameters were measured by six cameras and a force plate during the stance phase of gait. Both groups used the insole for 12 weeks for at least four hours per day. Repeated-measures ANCOVA was used to test the hypothesis. P≤0.05 was statistically significant.

After 12 weeks of using insoles, the peak lateral pelvic tilt decreased significantly in the inner insole group (P=0.041 for short leg, and P=0.008 for long leg) and outer insole group (P=0.026 for short leg, P=0.007 for long leg). The peak knee abduction moment (P=0.022 for inner insole, P=0.007 for outer insole) and peak hip abduction moment (P=0.006 for inner insole, P=0.005 for outer insole) also decreased significantly. In the outer insole group, the peak anterior pelvic tilt showed a significant change in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test stage (P=0.014 for short leg, and P=0.033 for long leg). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the selected dynamics variables (P>0.05).

The long-term use of inner and outer medical insoles, by causing a change in the lower limb joint dynamics, can lead to a positive adaptation in men with mild LLD. There is no significant difference in the long-term effect of inner and outer insoles.

The kinesiopathology model is a new rehabilitation model classifying, evaluating, and treating patients with non-specific back pain. Sahrmann proposed this model based on movement disorder syndromes. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the radiograph of the linear and angular displacement of the lumbar spine in patients with lumbar flexion impairment syndrome (LFIS) and lumbar extension impairment syndrome (LEIS). In this study, 50 adults aged 18-46 years were enrolled, including 25 patients with LFIS and 25 with LEIS. The eligible participants were referred to the radiology department for radiography in the common position of neutral, full extension, and full flexion position while standing. The White and Panjabi’s method was used to measure the linear and angular displacements. Moreover, pain intensity was assessed using the visual analogue scale, and functional disability was investigated using a modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. The parameter of the linear displacement at the L3-L4 level was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.02). The mean duration of low back pain was longer in the LEIS, compared to the LFIS group (P=0.01). In patients with LEIS, compensatory responses occur that cause less linear displacement at the L3-L4 level, compared to the patients with LFIS. Therefore, it is important to design appropriate exercises to better control the linear displacement at the L3-L4 level during the full range of motion in patients with LFIS. Level of evidence: III

In the current research, the model of operational and credit risk on planning management and efficiency of banks admitted to the stock exchange was investigated. The present method is among descriptive and applied research. From the 318 active banks in the Tehran Stock Exchange that were present in the years 1386 to 1398, according to the limitations, 108 banks were selected as a sample. To determine whether statistically the variance of the errors is significantly dependent on time or not. LM test was used. In order to calculate and prepare the research variables, as well as to extract the descriptive statistics of the main research variables, Excel software was used, and SPSS and GARCH statistical software were used to estimate the regression models and test the hypotheses. The results of the research showed that all research hypotheses were confirmed, in other words, credit growth and profitability and capital-to-asset ratio are significant on the stock returns of banks admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Customer knowledge management is a combination of knowledge management and customer relationship management that is important for developing the organization's business strategy and thus improving organizational activities and achieving competitive advantage. With the development and expansion of knowledge and information technology, the project environment has become more complex.

Since knowledge management is one of the most important approaches that has been considered in this regard, the issue of the present study is to investigate the impact of knowledge management and each of its constituent processes (creation, application, sharing and storage of knowledge) on IT governance in the automotive industry.

Due to the fact that the impact of knowledge processes in the project environment is investigated, the method of this research was quantitative and the information required for this research was collected from the database of car companies. Level of car purchase is considered as a dependent variable and information about age, gender, income level, occupation, level of education, car history, marital status is considered as an independent variable. It was analyzed using data mining method and kmens algorithms and neural network method and support vector machine.

The obtained results show that the use of knowledge management has been able to predict the types of customers and sales trends in the future and it is expected that the obtained results will be effective in managing the construction and production of the country's automotive industry.

The occurrence of a crime in a society causes disruption of the general order of that society, and in other words, it causes damage to the body of the society ;Based on this, in terms of the damage that the society feels from the occurrence of a crime, it considers itself entitled to file a complaint against the guilty person .The current research deals with the issue of damage caused by crime, which is one of the most challenging topics, which is specified as necessary in the current principles, laws and regulations ;But how to compensate and how to evaluate it has not been determined. In the legal systems of different countries, solutions are considered for compensation, However, there is no fixed and specific criteria for compensation methods.

Currently, having information and knowledge management has transformed into a stable status creating dynamic progress and life domain in a creative organization, and even the capability to compete in the markets and business, depends to acquire, develop, and update individual and organizational knowledge. To some extent, it is considered as a capital not basic knowledge. Continuous changes of market knowledge cause the organization to have to be changed. The importance of knowledge is quite clear in industries. According to the importance of this issue, this study has reviewed the application of the knowledge management system in order to improve the thechnology govenance in idustries of the country.

This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of physiotherapy students with the general structure of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).

A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of eight items was distributed to 43 graduate and undergraduate physiotherapy students to evaluate the general structure of OSCE. Data analysis was done through SPSS software v. 20, considering a significance level of P<0.05.

Among 43 participants with a mean age of 23.7±2.4 years old, the percentage of desirable attitude toward attractiveness of the OSCE was 46.6%, being fair was 21%, identifying strengths and weaknesses was 53.5%, the ability to assess knowledge and information was 11.7%, good assessment of practical skills was 30.3%, good assessment of clinical diagnosis skills was 34.9%, and appropriateness was 34.9%. In total, 88.4% of the participants believed that OSCE increases students’ stress. The total satisfaction of all the participants with the OSCE was 2.7±0.8, with last year’s students significantly less than graduate ones (2.6±0.9 vs 2.9±0.3).

The findings showed that the satisfaction of physiotherapy students regarding the general structure of the OSCE was not desirable, and OSCE was considered stressful. Therefore, due to the importance of OSCE in assessing clinical skills, it is better to improve the quality of holding the OSCE by fixing existent shortcomings, including shortness of time at each OSCE station and establishing training sessions.

Objective :

Upper limb neurodynamic tests are used to evaluate the mechanical sensitivity of the peripheral nerves. However, very little is known about the reliability of upper limb neurodynamic tests, especially for the radial and ulnar nerves. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of neurodynamic tests of the upper extremities to test median, radial, and ulnar nerves. 

Materials & Methods:

 In this observational cross-sectional study, 25 asymptomatic subjects aged 19-45 years participated. They were selected using simple non-random sampling. Then two examiners performed the neurodynamic tests on them on two successive days. The goal was to assess the reliability of median, radial, and ulnar neurodynamic tests. During the neurodynamic tests, the participants reported the initial stretching pain and the moment of submaximal pain (substantially obvious pain) in related areas of the nerve distribution, including the anterior side of the elbow and forearm for the median nerve, posterolateral aspect of the elbow and forearm for radial nerve, and medial side of elbow and forearm for the ulnar nerve. At the starting point of painful stretching and the submaximal pain, the angle of elbow extension (for median and radial nerve tests) and shoulder abduction angle (for ulnar nerve test) were measured using a mechanical goniometer. The range between these two points was used to analyze the reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated to examine the relative and absolute reliability, respectively. Using t-test, the difference in the mean of the measurements was calculated.

Results:

 No significant difference was found between the mean measurements of the two testers in intra-session and inter-session reliability. For examiners 1 and 2, was obtained 0.94 (SEM:2ο) and 0.89 (SEM:2.85ο) for the median nerve, 0.56 (SEM:6.36˚ ) and 0.93 (SEM:1.82ο) for radial nerve, and 0.42 (SEM:3.27ο) and 0.79 (SEM:1.42ο) for the ulnar nerve. Inter-tester intra-session reliability was obtained at 0.84 (SEM: 3.44ο), 0.54 (SEM: 6.1ο), and 0.55 (SEM: 2.75ο), respectively, for median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Inter-tester inter-session reliability was obtained at 0.97 (SEM:1.43ο), 0.69 (SEM:5.06ο), and 0.51 (SEM: 2.8˚ο), respectively, for median, radial, and ulnar nerves.

Conclusion:

 The upper limb neurodynamic tests and measurement of the range between the onset of stretching pain and the point of submaximal pain have moderate to excellent reliability. Therefore, these clinical tests can be used in diagnostic evaluations and treatment interventions. Also, the median nerve neurodynamic test has higher relative reliability than radial and ulnar nerve neurodynamic tests.

The main purpose of the present research is to explain the impact of empowering leadership on safety behavior considering the mediating role of knowledge sharing and safety climate in the employees of Rural Water and Sewerage Company of Guilan province. Therefore, the main question of this research is: Does empowering leadership affect safety behavior considering the mediating role of knowledge sharing and safety climate of employees in Guilan Rural Water and SewerageCompany? The present research is descriptive-corelation study, in terms of data collection is a field study, and the data collection tool is questionnaire. The population of the study is 420 employees in Guilan Rural Water and Sewerage Company. The sample size (219 people) was determined using the Cochran formula. Six hypotheses were put forward in this study. In this research, simple random sampling method was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS22 and SMART PLS3 software. The results of the study showed that empowering leadership has an impact on the safety climate and knowledge sharing in Guilan Rural Water and Sewerage Company's employees. However, the empowering leadership did not affect the safety behavior of Guilan rural water and sewerage company's employees. Findings also showed that safety climate affects the safety behavior of Guilan rural water and sewerage company's employees. In addition, the findings indicate that empowering leadership through the safety climate and knowledge sharing has an impact on the safety behavior of Guilan Rural Water and Sewerage company's Employees.

Islamic civilization and Islamic society optimization, all dimensions, including social terms and concepts, are in line with Islamic sharia and God's will. In an Islamic society, optimization equals reaching an optimal status in terms of the Islamization of all social dimensions, including private law. Some of the existing terms in the private law under IRI are fundamentally exotic and western, emulated from un-Islamic conventions. The introduction of various issues like electronic commerce and the capital market has increased such formulations. Therefore, the relation between such exotic formulations and the Islamic civilization and the methods used for addressing them are substantially critical issues that need to be determined, both theoretically and functionally, under the legal system of IRI. Regarding the vitality of this issue, the first theoretical step is to determine the relationship between the legal formulations of private law, the Islamic civilization, and Islamic law. The convention of private law, the formulations of contingents in Islamic jurisprudence, and philosophy are some of the Islamic mechanisms and fundamentals that facilitate the adaptation of exotic private law formulations with the aspirations of the new Islamic civilization. This study takes a civilization-based approach to make a comparison between Islamic and Western private law. This study contends that Islamic jurisprudence has made it possible for conventional and contingent formulations to accord with sharia laws, thus allowing for using non-native legal rules for the Islamic civilization.

The transference of agricultural lands in the form of leases and farm contracts (Mozareh) to others under the Farmer title is common in the Iranian agricultural tradition. In such scenarios, the owner does not take any agricultural actions on this land, and all planting, holding, and harvesting matters are the responsibility of the farmer. According to their contract with the farmer, the owner will receive some products or a certain sum of money. Farming in such lands requires soil strengthening and agricultural land quality increasing. The farmer takes action to strengthen the soil and increase the land quality while the owner has no responsibilities in this field. The considerable cost and effort required for agricultural land strengthening and improvement have made the country's agricultural tradition consider some rights for the farmer. These rights are known as the Farmer's Rights. However, there are some disputes regarding the nature of farmer's rights alongside financial nature or priority rights. On the other hand, these rights are based on unverified jurisprudential and legal principles, while the position of jurisprudence and Iranian law principles towards them is unknown. This issue makes it necessary to study the farmer's rights from the perspective of jurisprudential and legal principles to reach conclusions regarding their financial nature or priority right. Analyzing the farmer's rights and their application in the financial principles in jurisprudence and Iranian law determines that these are financial rights with similar effects. The current study intends to analyze this subject with the library and descriptive-analytical approaches.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of job-related factors on increasing the productivity of low- level employees in the General Welfare Office of Tehran Municipality. This research is applied in terms of purpose, survey in terms of approach and exploratory in terms of studies. The statistical population of the present study was a group of 35 senior, middle and operational managers of the General Welfare Department of Tehran Municipality. Necessary analyzes were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that managerial factors have a significant effect on increasing the productivity of low-level employees in the General Welfare Department of Tehran Municipality. Based on the results, the research hypothesis suggests that in the General Welfare Department of Tehran Municipality, managers and supervisors pay special attention to: Emotional and spiritual support to subordinates, playing the role of coach, establishing interactive justice between subordinates, effective communication with subordinates to solve work problems, and careful monitoring in the first months of employment.

Today, information technology as a science, affects almost all components of societies, so that it is used by organizations to improve organizational processes and gain a competitive advantage due to the complexity and competitiveness of the business environment. Due to the importance of this issue in this study, the components of information and communication technology in evaluating of the performance of human resource management in service companies have been studied. For this purpose, a questionnaire including six dimensions of communication and information technology was designed and distributed among a statistical sample of 50 managers of service companies. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using Lavache validity method and based on the opinion of experts, and finally the research hypotheses were analyzed using SPSS software. According to the normality test, it was shown that the views of the statistical sample were not normal and the non-parametric Spearman coefficient test method examined the correlation of ICT components. Finally, the results showed that correlation exists between web services, cloud information processing, artificial intelligence, mobile communication technology, smart business information, and ICT of human resource management of service organizations, so the development of mobile and web applications, which has recently been introduced, offers a new model of intelligence to the organization and there is potential for business improvement in bringing a great benefit to the organization.

According to epidemiological studies in the healthcare field, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is increasing among dentists. Since the prevention of such disorders is crucial, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and various physical interactions and related factors among dentists in Bojnourd.

The present study is descriptive cross-sectional. A total of 28 dentists in Bojnourd were selected by purposive sampling. The Nordic questionnaire was completed through an interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (V 22) using descriptive tests, Chi-square, and T-test.

The mean age and work experience of the subjects were 38.32±6.32 and 12.57±8.02 years, respectively. A study on 18 men and 14 women indicated the highest percentage of pain or discomfort in the back (75%), neck (71.4%), shoulders (60.7%), and waist (50%). The prevalence of neck and shoulder pain was higher in women (P=0.008). The Chi-square test showed that these disorders intensify with increasing age and work experience. Also, the t-test showed that individuals with BMI higher or lower than normal are more prone to musculoskeletal disorders.

A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was observed in the neck and upper extremity. Regarding this issue, interventional ergonomics and preventive physiotherapy exercises in the workplace, training, and informing dentists about the injuries seems necessary.

The history of governance and legal-political thought in Islamic societies, which is rooted in the special social nature of Islamic rules, is one of the most important components influencing the political life and tradition of governance and state-building in these countries, which is not negligible. The main purpose of this research is to design a model of management and governance based on Islam in the age of absence.

The present study has a qualitative approach and the data theory of the foundation has been used as the research method.

By analyzing the data obtained from 68 articles; 636 open source, 167 concepts and 25 categories were obtained. سیاسی Monotheism-based political substitution in the age of absence as a central category; Conditions for social excellence and religious democracy, strengthening the internal unity of Islam, emphasizing humanization and the use of the educational system, civilization, implementation of government; Interfering conditions include political power-centeredness and independence-seeking, individual and group characteristics of agents; Underlying factors include legality, transparency, accountability, corruption control, effectiveness and efficiency, accountability; Strategies include smart and modern structuring, social justice, moderation, anti-arrogance and protection of the oppressed, expansion of social freedom, service; Consequences include good governance, political stability and social and economic security, economic progress and the pursuit of national interests, divine satisfaction and closeness, and the restoration and preservation of human dignity.

The aim of this correlational descriptive-analytical study is to predict students' academic achievement based on emotional intelligence, personality traits, attitudes toward education and career prospects through academic resilience mediation. The Zanjan University’s students in the academic year 2016-2017 have been selected as the statistical population. The research sample consisted of 489 people (277 females and 212 males) who are selected by cluster random sampling method. To summarize the data, a short form of the NEO-FFI Questionnaire, the Academic Resilience Scale (ARI), the Shatte Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire on attitudes toward education and career prospects are used. The proposed model was evaluated by structural equation modeling using AMOS-7 software. The results showed that the population-cognitive variables negatively predict academic achievement. Among the personality factors (openness and conscientiousness), emotional intelligence and interest in education and career prospects positively predict academic achievement. Emotional intelligence also predicts academic achievement through resilience. Educational resilience does not mediate the relationship between attitudes toward education and career prospects, gender, age, and academic achievement, and academic resilience mediates only the relationship between personality performance and academic achievement. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of students, it is recommended to teach and promote the level of resilience and emotional intelligence, conscientious personality traits and openness through workshops.

Effect of the knee brace stiffness on lower limb mechanics, which may protect anterior cruciate ligament, under different landing tasks remains still unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three prophylactic knee braces on the knee flexion angle and external adduction moment under three types of single-leg landing conditions.

Fifteen men performed single-leg landing under three different landing foot orientation tasks (30° toe-out, 30° toe-in and neutral conditions) for three different types of brace stiffness (rigid, semi rigid and simple one). A non- braced condition was included as a baseline measure. kinematic data were captured using a six video-camera motion capture system synchronized with a force platform.

No significant interaction effects of brace stiffness and the landing tasks on flexion angle (P = 0.059) and external knee adduction moment (P = 0.103) were observed. Stiffer braces (rigid and simi rigid) could increase knee flexion angle by 20% as compared to non-braced condition. Furthermore, external knee moment was significantly increased during landing with foot 30° toe-out orientation as compared to the neutral condition (P <0.001).

finding showed that effect of the braces on the variables is independent of landing foot orientations. Stiffer braces could increase knee flexion during landing while toe-out landing may increase external knee moment leading to higher risk of ACL injury.

The purpose of this study was to investigate "the relationship between implementation factors of successor with organizational growth, ethical leadership and empowerment of managers of national banks in Sari city from the employees' point of view". Statistical population is all employees of National Banks of Sari District 1. The sample size is 187 persons. The method of data collection has been two methods, Data gathering tool was four questionnaires of Substitute Worker Mattiqi et al. (2009), Speedsweed Organizational Accelerating Inventory (2007), Brown's Leadership Questionnaire (2005) and Managers Empowerment Questionnaire (Kordnaeich, 2010). Data analysis in the descriptive findings section examines the position of each information about them in the form of tables and charts, and in the inferential findings of the Spearman correlation test And Pearson and t test through SPSS19 software. The results of the research showed that there is a significant and direct relationship between the factors of implementation of the successor and the organizational progress of the managers of the national banks. However, there are no significant relationships between the implementation of the successor of the managers with the ethical leadership and the empowerment of the managers of the national banks the employees' point of view.

Patellar tendon moment arm length (PTma) changes at different knee flexion angles have not been determined in invivo studies. We aimed to determine PTma in four different knee angles using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) topredict in vivo changes in the moment arm length from different knee angles during running.PTma was measured as the perpendicular distance from muscle–tendon line of action to the knee joint axis of rotationat 0° (full extension), 20°, 40°, and 60° flexion of knee by using MRI method. Repeated measure ANOVA method wasapplied to compare the moment arm length among four degrees of knee flexion (p <0.05). A regression analysis wasused to predict the PTma during different knee joint angles.The PTma in the four angles at 0°, 20°, 40°, and 60° of knee flexion were 42.55±4.20, 39.91±2.98, 37.73±2.87, and36.18±2.90 mm, respectively (p <0.05). The regression analysis provided an equation to predict the PTma from differentknee joint angles during running.PTma values decreased from knee extension to flexion in a linear manner. These findings have important implicationsfor estimating PTma using a regression equation model from different knee joint angles.Level of evidence: V