mohammadjavad naeiji

 The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital dimensions on innovative performance and role of strategic knowledge management moderator in the dairy industry. This study is applied research in terms of purpose and it is descriptive-correlation research in terms of method and nature. The statistical population of the study includes operating companies in the dairy industry. Research questionnaires were distributed among 98 senior executives of 61 companies by convenience sampling. Analyzing by smart-PLS software showed that the reliability and validity of measurement tool and the capability of model were acceptable. Results of hypotheses test based on the structural equation method (SEM) indicate that dimensions of intellectual capital have a positive effect on innovative performance and innovative performance can help improve market performance and financial performance. Also, the role of strategic knowledge management moderator in the relationship between two dimensions of intellectual capital (human capital and relational capital) with innovative performance was confirmed. The results of this study could help to better understand the complexities of intellectual capital and provides a good attitude to improve the performance of dairy companies.

Although researchers generally agree on the nature and importance of strategic entrepreneurship (SE), various definitions have created confusion. Also, most exiting measures do not take into account the unique characteristics of this construct. The purpose of this paper is to criticize and redefining SE and its measures. By conducting a systematic review of previous research, we identify similarities between definitions of SE. Balancing is the core of SE concept and successful SE capabilities stressed on balance between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management, opportunity exploration and exploitation, and radical and incremental innovations. In this way, the main section of the papers which are published in the Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal (SEJ) has paid attention to balance strategy and entrepreneurship. This paper reviews three questionnaires that were developed to measure SE. However, only a few studies have used these questionnaires and further studies should be conducted to develop instruments to measure SE.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial government. The current study is a mixed method and exploratory mixed research design. In the qualitative phase, by reviewing and evaluating the studies conducted on the subject and in-depth interviews with experts in the field of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial government, the necessary information was collected, and by using the grounded theory analysis method, coding and categorization were done and conceptual models were presented. The quantitative part of the study was based on the structural equation modeling method, for this purpose, the data collected from the researcher-made questionnaire based on the model derived from the qualitative phase of the study was evaluated using Lisrel software. The results of grounded theory showed that the pattern of factors affecting the entrepreneurial government includes 144 open codes, 25 central codes, and 6 selective codes. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 78 items was provided to 320 senior educational managers and prominent professors in the field of management. The results of structural equation modeling showed that there is a significant relationship between the main variables of contextual factors, causal factors, strategies and intervening conditions with the central category of entrepreneurial government and also between the central category of entrepreneurial government and government performance at the 95% confidence level.

Despite the vital role of innovation and entrepreneurship in the modern economy, there are scant studies on the impact of social media on these factors. This study, thus, aimed to investigate the effect of social media usage on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and innovation by explaining the mediating role of cultural intelligence. Data were collected randomly using standard questionnaires and then analyzed with SPSS and SMART PLS. This study employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) by applying the partial least squares (PLS) to a sample from 147 Internet-based companies in Tehran. The findings suggested that cultural intelligence mediates the relationship between social media usage for information and social media usage for socializing with entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. In contrast, the effect of social media usage for information on self-efficacy was greater than that of the social media usage for socializing.. Moreover, opportunity recognition has a significant direct effect on innovation and is thus regarded as the most important engine of innovation. This study focused on the cognitive and learning processes and used the concepts of social media and cultural intelligence as stimuli to entrepreneurship and innovation, so as to bring new insights into the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition literature.

 

In recent years, the study of the impact of innovation-related factors on performance has been considered. Based on new approaches, different company trends and innovation strategies can have varied and even conflicting effects on performance. In this paper, by distinguishing between two dimensions of market orientation including customer orientation and competitiveness, the separate role of both exploration and exploitation strategies on innovative performance is investigated.

This research is a descriptive research in terms of purpose and  is an applied research in terms of type of use. According to Cochran's formula, 82 companies out of 85 knowledge-based companies in the growth and technology centers of Shahid Beheshti and Tarbiat Modares universities were randomly selected. Research data were collected through a standard questionnaire and the validity and reliability of all variables were confirmed by convergent and discriminant validity, composit relibility and Cronbach's alpha. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that both dimensions of market orientation have an impact on exploration and exploitation strategies. The coefficients of the effect of customer orientation on exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation were 0.468 and 0.310, respectively, and the coefficients of the effect of competitiveness on these two innovation strategies were 0.407 and 0.457, respectively. Innovation strategies also have a positive relationship with performance; Nevertheless, the impact of exploratory innovation on innovative performance has been stronger than exploitative innovation.

This study provided a new insight into performance by considering the dimensions of market orientation and its relative values in strengthening innovation strategies. Therefore, companies can achieve good innovative performance by being successful in both dimensions of innovation strategies, including exploration and exploitation.

The content of "A New Look at the Entrepreneurial Beliefs and Corporate Management" book comprises three sectors and 13 chapters with the centrality of entrepreneurship and corporate management. Also, an attempt has been made to provide a redefinition of entrepreneurship and related beliefs; although this effort has been futile with the lack of use of new and novel resources. The book mostly relies on reports of the previous decade and has been deprived from domestic reports. Although this book has been able to provide comprehensive knowledge of entrepreneurship and business management in firms by imitating resources from previous decades, it hasn’t been able to explain the relationship between business and entrepreneurship and mainly asks the reader for their judgment on the subject. Also by using phrases such as: the statistics indicate that, or some scientists have said that; tries to confirm its content. Therefore, contrary to the opinion of the writers of the book, it’s not a complete source particularly about the use of internal experience in the area under discussion.

Considering the critical role of human resource in performance, the purpose of this research is identifying the effects of human resource practices and human capital on performance of international transportation companies and mediating variable of innovation ambidexterity.

Statistical population was included international transportation companies and using Cochran method, 55 companies were selected. The survey questionnaires were sent to top managers of these companies. The reliability of the measurement model has been established by examining the composite reliability and cronbach’s alpha and validity was assessed by convergent and discriminant validity. Data were examined using Smart-PLS and IBM SPSS.

The results showed that HRM practices and human capital effect on business performance. Also, innovation ambidexterity will mediate the impact of human resource practices and human capital on business performance.

It seems that one of the requirements for the development and improvement of transportation company’s performance is to focus on specialized knowledge of the staff and applying this knowledge to develop innovation. It is suggested to companies to allocate balanced proportions of resources to new exploration projects and new exploitation projects.

Despite the burgeoning attention devoted to the effects of cultural intelligence and personality on job performance, only a few studies have explored the innovative performance and special characteristics of sports environments. This study develops a model for testing the relationships between personality, cultural intelligence, entrepreneurial leadership and supervisors’ performance. This research is descriptive and aims to investigate the correlation between the aforementioned variables. To this end, structural equation modeling was used and data was gathered by questionnaire from 152 supervisors in sport teams. Internal reliabilityof variables was tested by Cronbach α coefficients, and for the validity of the constructs, convergent and divergent validity has been considered. The results indicate that cultural intelligence and five big personality traits positively influence the innovative performance, and entrepreneurial leadership has a mediator role in the model. These variables explained 78/5% of the variance in innovative performance. This study provides insights into the potential role of personal characteristics in sport environments and contributes to our understanding of determining factors that induce higher performance of supervisors and sport federations.

In the current age, the strategic direction of companies ensures their performance in achieving the best results. In fact, this orientation contributes to the construction of fundamental principles in the operational activities, which may lead to better performance in the future by creating appropriate behaviors. In other words, this orientation may lead to better performance of the company in operations and its place in the market. In this research, we examine the effect of strategic orientation on growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with respect to the mediator role of brand performance and market performance. The statistical population of this study consists of small and medium-sized companies operating in University of Tehran science and Technology Park and 80 knowledge- based companies were chosen as a sample of research. To investigate the research model, structural equation test was used which concluded that strategic orientation of businesses had a significant effect on brand performance and their growth. Also, the tendency to entrepreneurship, innovation and market has a significant effect on the brand performance. Tendency to market, besides having an impact on the market performance of firms and the propensity to innovation, results in company growth. Finally, brand performance and market performance can cause growth in businesses.

Although concept of social capital has glabal validity, but evaluation criterion of social capital can be different in each context. In this research, an Iranian criterion is conpoiled for evaluation of social capital. Data is collected from 402 professors and student of Humanities majors in three universities and are tested by factor analysis. The results indicate that social capital includes 4 aspects of structural, institutional, cognitive and normative. Also, in society of Iran, demopraphy variables such as gender, age, education, maritual status have strong relationship with some of the aspects of social capital. In order to measure the validity of evaluation tool, its relation with entrepreneurial orientation is studied. Strong relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship orientation was observed.

This article examines the relationship between company orientation(entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation), internal control systems and new product development. Different researches results provide valuable insights on the role of the company orientation in New Product development. Entrepreneurial orientation helps the companies to have personal control in order to have great improvement in new product development activities .on the other hand market orientation emphasis more in output control than personal control in new product development. Manages in firms that emphasize output controls are evaluated and rewarded on the basis of objective financial criteria. Personal control on the other hand, focuses on long-term performance rather than short term financial targets. Generally personal control requires more time and has a higher coordination cost than output control. In recent decades, companies consider new product as a source of competitive advantage and means of anticipating the competitors. Some marketing research have found the relationship between market orientation and new product development. The goal of market orientation is to satisfy current market needs, rather than to develop new products targeted at emerging new needs. Some researchers criticize market orientation ,They suggest that entrepreneurship orientation must replace with market orientation. Some researches focus on one of the orientation , on the other hand they ignore the role of internal control systems as a mediating variable . Therefore we survey this subject completely. This study in terms of methodology is descriptive correlation.

The importance of stakeholder’s participation has been recognized in new product development (NPD) literature, yet efforts to present an empirically model that examine Stakeholders Participation and its effect on firm performance are scarce. This paper aims to explore the effect of involvement of customers, suppliers and cross-functional teams in NPDas stakeholders’ participation on performance and to examine the mediating role of NPD performance. This study is descriptive which is conducted with investigation of total number of hardware manufacturers in information technology industry. Data are gathered by questionnaire and empirical analyses and were performed using SEM. The analytical results demonstrated that cross-functional teams and suppliers’ participation positively effect on organizational performance. Also, our study showed the confirmation of the mediating role of the new product development function in relation to stakeholder participation and overall company performance.

This paper aims to analyze the effect of internal marketing mix on entrepreneurial orientation through innovation culture and knowledge management capabilities in cultural-sports clubs. This research is applied in terms of the goal, and descriptive-correlational in terms of the data gathering method. The research population includes the cultural-sports clubs in Tehran and Isfahan provinces, which were selected by simple random sampling techniques. The research sample includes 87 87 cultural-sports clubs inTehran and Isfahan Provinces. In order to gather the data, 174 questionnaires is distributed and gathered from the managers and employees of those clubs. The main research tool is a standard questionnaire which it's reliability and validity is assessed and approved. Structural equation modelling through Partial Least Squares (PLS) is used to examine the relationships between variables. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial orientation is affected by dimensions of internal marketing including strategic reward, training and development, internal communications and senior leadership. Moroever, the findings support the mediating role of innovation culture and knowledge management capacities on the relationship between internal marketing mix and entrepreneurial orientation.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship training on entrepreneurial mindset according to mediating role of creativity and entrepreneurial alertness. By Cochrane formula, 105 companies out of 140 organizations of MOD have randomly been selected. The main tool for collecting data on Cronbach's alpha reliability and validity of the questionnaire, which is based on convergent validity, divergent and diagnosis and level of reliability and validity for all structures was accepted. This study aimed to examine the effect of variables on one another on the basis of structural equation modeling was used. The results show that entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurial creativity had not any effect on entrepreneurial mindset, but entrepreneurship training has an impact on creativity and entrepreneurial alertness. Also, entrepreneurial alertness of the role of mediator in relation to entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurial thinking play device.

Despite the emphasis of the theoretical foundations of marketing on the role of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) because of its low costs and high impact as well as individual motivation to engage in e-WOM, on desire to purchase, no model has been presented to evaluate the impact of motivations for participation on the desire to purchase. The current study was conducted to identify what motivates people to participate in e-WOM and to assess the impact of these incentives on purchase intention of the users through messaging features. The research was descriptive and aimed to establish a correlation between the research variables. According to the purpose of study which was to present a model and test the impact of variables, structural equation modeling was used. The population consisted of individuals who sought the opinions and experiences of others who had already experienced online shopping in websites to purchase digital produces. The main tool for data gathering was questionnaire. The results show that social motivates of participation in e-WOM have not effect on the desire to purchase but informational motivates to participate in e-WOM was effect on the desire to purchase goods online. The findings indicate that people’s motivation to purchase goods online is not due their desire to improve their social image or take advantage of social benefits and opportunities. These motivates on people’s desire to purchase online are reasons such as people's willingness to take advice from others, collecting information, reducing search time and reducing the risk of purchase.

According to emphasize entrepreneurship literature on social capital and cognitive biases independently, this research seeks to combine two streams of research with sociologist approach; solely emphasize on the role of social capital to decision to start a new venture and cognitive approach; merely to explain the role of cognitive biases in this field, is. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to fill in the gaps about the role of social capital on cognitive biases and decision to start new ventures, using social cognitive theory. The research data from 203 student’s faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran collecting Stratified random manner, and based on structural equation modeling with LISREL software was tested. Indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap method. The main tool used in this research to data collection is questionnaire. This study in term of purpose applied, and in terms of method quantitative and descriptive - correlation. The findings suggest that social capital on the decision of students to start new ventures direct and positive impact. As well as social capital through the mediation of cognitive biases indirectly affected the decision of students to start new ventures.

Cognitive biases have received special attention within the entrepreneurship literature. Yet, the majority of these studies have neglected the role of risk perceptions. This paper aims to explore the affect of overconfidence and optimism on decision to start innovative activities and to examine the mediating role of risk perception. The research is applied and done based on descriptive-correlative method. Statistical population is included of 405 entrepreneurs that are activated in university incubators. Analyses were conducted using structural equation model (SEM) on a sample of 200 entrepreneurs. Samples are selected based on stratified method and proportional allocation. Data gathered by questionnaire and validity and reliability tested by respectively, conformity factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. The results show that overconfidence and optimism positively direct influences decision to start innovative and direct influences of overconfidence is higher than optimism. Also, the results revealed that these cognitive biases contribute to innovative activities by decreasing risk perception.

The existing literature on product development process is largely derived from studies on physical products. However, software products have some special features that make them interesting to study. The objective of this paper is to identify stages of software product development and to analyze the interactions among these stages using interpretive structural modeling technique. Eight main stages including analyze market opportunities, idea processing, concept generation, design development, prototype engineering, production verification, mass production and corrective versions development have been identified. These stages have been classified, based on their driving power and dependence power. The proposed process model developed will help to understand interdependence of software development stages and will offer a roadmap that may increase the chance for overall success of the new software development.

The present paper is aimed to develop and validate a model for testing the relationships between Intellectual capital, strategic entrepreneurship and organizational performance. A researcher designed questionnaire was used for collecting data from 322 managers in 129 small and medium firms. Structural modeling techniques were applied for data analysis. The results show that intellectual capital and strategic entrepreneurship have considerable effect on competitive advantages and organizational performance. This study can help to understand the factors which influence organizational performance especially in dynamic and turbulent environments.

In spite of emphasis on role of organizational resource and human resources in particular, on entrepreneurship in literature of management, has not been presented an integrated pattern for Iranian organizations that measures influence of hr subsystems on entrepreneurship. By concentration of key role of human resources on entrepreneurship, present research is seeking to consider influence of different practices of human resource management on promoting of entrepreneurship in oil industry of Iran. Research methodology includes both descriptive and correlation analysis based on structural equation modeling. Data was collected by means of questionnaire that was distributed among top and middle manager of Contracting company in oil industry. Research result Indicates that human resource subsystems including human resource Acquisition, work design, development, labor relation and compensation, have influence on organizational entrepreneurship. And only training has not any impact on entrepreneurship. Furthermore, research indicates that the most impact of human resource management on entrepreneurship is indirectly and through creating supportive environment of innovation.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between cultural quotient or intelligence (CQ) and entrepreneurial characteristics in non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The research is done on the basis of the correlational method. Data are gathered from 244 founders of NGOs in the Tehran Province and two questionnaires are distributed to measure the CQ and entrepreneurial characteristics. The results show that there are deep relationships between the four-factor model of CQ and all dimensions of entrepreneurial characteristics. Accordingly, ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬the behavioral CQ and cognitive CQ demonstrate a causal relationship with entrepreneurial characteristics at 0.01 levels. Therefore, promoting the behavioral and cognitive CQ has a direct effect on entrepreneurship. This paper indicates that CQ can be considered as a vital factor for successful management of an NGO. These results can also be used to explore the necessary characteristics for multicultural workplace. Additionally, this paper introduces a new idea for academic studies and practicable cultural experiences.

While the importance of customer loyalty has been recognized in marketing literature for several decades, the design and explanation of persistent customer loyalty and its antecedents in electronic commerce especially in an e-retailing context have not been addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop and validate such antecedents of persistent loyalty and to propose a comprehensive model. For this purpose, based on e-commerce and marketing literature, a comprehensive set of constructs have been designed and examined on 211 customers of e-retailers using path analysis. The findings imply that persistent customer loyalty has been influenced significantly by all of the recognized factors including trust, payment security, perceived value, customer satisfaction, customization, purchase convenience, brand character, and contact interactivity. Also, customer satisfaction and trust have mediator role in the model.

Although there is consensus on importance of Emotional Intelligence (EI) anddispositional to patients’ satisfaction, there are a few researches that have been performed in this area.To cover the theoretical gap, the aim of current study is reviewing the empirical research in linking emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and positive & negative affectivity related to patients’ satisfaction, in order to propose a comprehensive model. This is a descriptive study. Statistical population included nurses,physicians and their patients in two public and two private hospitals. Data gathered from the total number of 228 participants. Random sampling procedure was conducted to select individuals in each hospital. The data gathering instrument was questionnaire that reliability for all of items was greater than 0.70. Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, T-test and path analysis is applied to data analyze. The results suggest that spiritual and emotional medical staff’ characteristics explained 71 per cent of the variance in the rate of patients’ satisfaction (R2=0/39) that is a sizeable amount in behavioral studies. Emotional intelligence, positive affectivity, and spiritual intelligence, have positive effects and negative affectivity which has negative effects on patients’ satisfaction. Also effective ommunications with patient, job performance, and cohesiveness among medical staff, have a mediator role in the model. Since nurses and physicians frequently suffer from stressful hard work, they should have particular intelligence and disposition to gain in both performance standards and the ultimate patients’ satisfaction.

Whereas some research evidentiary documents reveal that entrepreneurial firms are more likely to engage in strategic management practices than conservative firms, there is no dependent and integrated study in Iran’s business environment. The current study examines the interrelation between strategic management initiatives and corporate entrepreneurship degree. Data are gathered from 362 managers in 136 SMEs as research sample in the scope of three industries. The results suggest a positively deep relationship between analysis, flexibility, locus of planning and strategic control and a negative relationship between financial control and entrepreneurship. Moreover, the competitive strategy is a determining factor in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial firms show more tendency to apply differentiation and focus strategies.

The current study examines the interrelation between affectivity and personality dimensions, and explain the, role of these constructs in job satisfaction. Data are gathered from 137 employees and managers in the Iranian oil industry. The results suggest a positively Strong relationship among positive affectivity, a negative relationship among negative affectivity with job satisfaction and Five Big personality. Also, independence of positive and negative effect is confirmed. Dimensions of personality are reflected the noticeable results. Athwart some prior researches, in this study, Openness to experience not only showed the strongest relationship between regression and job satisfaction, but it was the only personality dimension that had causal relation with positive and negative affectivity.