morteza hadizadeh

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis plaque (PP) are chronic inflammatory skin diseases that have a significant cutaneous and systemic disease impact and a poor health-related quality of life. Due to the lack of evidence related to severe AD in humans, this research attempted to identify potential new biomarkers associated with moderate AD. In addition, the interaction between identified genes with known medications was investigated. A meta-analysis was performed on several gene expression profile datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AD and PP tissue samples and healthy tissue samples. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed using clusterProfiler software. To investigate gene-drug interactions from different resources, the DGIdb online server was employed to construct the gene-drug networks. There were 5 and 91 DEGs between AD and PP compared to normal samples. Each condition yielded four overlapping genes, including GALNT6, IL37, BTC, and OGN. Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis, other types of O-glycan biosynthesis, and growth factor activity in AD; Hepatitis C and NOD-like receptor, and defense response to symbiont in PP were demonstrated to be statistically significant. The interaction of STAT1, Pdcd1lg2, and CCNB1 genes with known medications was identified. Mild AD may have novel markers GALNT6, IL37, BTC, OGN, and CORIN. CLDN1, REG3A, GBP-1, IRF1, PLSCR1, and STAT1 might be novel markers of PP. AD and PP immune response might be regulated by miR-106b and miR-17.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an exceedingly malignant ailment that is not only characterized by its insidious onset and rapid progression but also by its poor therapeutic effects. Recently, emerging evidence has shed light on the significant role that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), play in the pathogenesis of PC. This investigation aimed to construct a network of interactions between miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs, as well as to perform correlation analyses in the context of PC.

This study carried out in Kerman City, southeastern Iran in 2023. We utilized the GSE119794 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to analyze differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs), miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), and mRNAs (DE-mRNAs). Following the identification of the DE-lncRNAs, DE-mRNAs, and DE-miRNAs, we proceeded to examine differentially expressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes. Subsequently, we utilized the RNAInter database to predict interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Finally, we employed Cytoscape to visualize and analyze the constructed network.

14 DE-lncRNAs, 14 DE-miRNAs, 545 DE-mRNAs, and 65 DE-EMT from pancreatic cancer and its adjacent tissue RNA-Seq data were identified. 1184 EMT genes from dbEMT were obtained, among which 65 DE-EMT were assigned as EMT genes and correlated with tumor progression. One functional lncRNA (UCA1) was identified as a key functional lncRNA. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of UCA1 and miR-708-5p were 0.79 and 0.86, respectively. Thus, it is reasonable to believe that this prognostic risk model helps predict PC metastasis.

UCA1 is a new lncRNA linked with EMT in PC and contributes to a better knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms related to lncRNAs in PC.

Government budgeting is of great significance in assisting countries to achieve the economic and social objectives. With the expansion of modern technologies, especially artificial intelligence, new opportunities have emerged to improve financial and budgetary processes. With its advanced capabilities in data analysis and needs forecasting, AI can help increase accuracy and efficiency in resource allocation. These technologies not only transform existing processes but can also make a significant improvement in transparency and accountability in government financial affairs.

The objective of this study is twofold: first, to evaluate the efficiency of using artificial intelligence technologies such as neural networks and genetic algorithms in optimizing the allocation of government budgeting resources. Second, to determine the impact of these technologies on the transparency and accountability of budgeting processes to enhance public participation and trust.

The study employs a mixed-method approach. Data analysis is conducted through scenario modeling and and the Multipol software. Additionally, interviews and questionnaires with experts in related fields have been organized to provide our audience with a better understanding of the existing challenges and opportunities.

Findings indicate that the use of artificial intelligence can significantly increase accuracy, transparency, and efficiency in government budgeting. Artificial intelligence enables policymakers to adjust resource allocation based on more accurate data and optimized forecasts.

Our focus in this research is on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). These two technologies are rapidly expanding and fundamentally changing various aspects related to education. The aim of this study is to identify a scenarios of developing an education based on a proper understanding of changes in the process of technological development at the international level.

The methodology of this study is mixed exploratory. In this way, in the first step, the drivers were identified by the qualitative method of literature review, and in the second step, they were confirmed by the quantitative method of the binomial test, then in the third step, the drivers were analyzed using the DEMATEL method. Finally, after identifying the key uncertainties, using the method of Cross-Impact Balances, The scenarios were extracted and then writing. the theoretical community in the second to fourth steps of the research consists of 20 experts through purposive sampling who are knowledgeable about the research topic.

Ultimately, we identified 16 influential drivers and based on their impact states, which shape the future, we developed three distinct scenarios.

Our findings emphasize that AI research significantly impacts the educational structure. Important aspects of AI growth on education include a strong private education industry and increasing international interest. This study provides an enlightening research guideline for the future, helping researchers in identifying contemporary research issues and developing impactful research to address complex social problems, leveraging AI.

This paper is to provide a model for effective management of electronic banking in the ease of transmitting information using data mining techniques. The proposed model of the research is developed according to the variable factors such as data validity, internal control, system access, security, technology in Iranian banks. The stages of this study are conducted in Clementine software using 300 samples gathered from customer’s data and transactions in two major branches of the Tejarat Bank located in Tajrish and Sadeghieh (Tehran), in the 1398. The most important results of the present study are that the main predictors of the model, namely, the classification of sensitive information (D5), the existence of antivirus software (D4), network penetration testing (D3), provide a more accurate analysis and predict effective management of electronic banking in the ease of transmitting information. Finally, our achieved results show that the predictors could predict effective management of electronic banking in the ease of transmitting information using data mining techniques with 72.7% accuracy.

Alternative pathways frequently operate as the origins of resistance to drugs that block the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. To find possible therapeutic targets and indicators, this study explored the VEGF pathway and how miRNAs control it in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (rGBM). Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified by using GBM GSE profiles (GSE32466). To find pathways containing DEmiRNAs, VEGF pathway genes, and their related genes, DIANA-miRPath v3.0 and the ToppGene database were utilized. miRNAs linked to VEGF signaling pathway genes, interactional genes, and DEmiRNAs were discovered by extracting common pathways. The ability of these miRNAs to distinguish rGBM patients from those with primary GBM was assessed using ROC analysis. The study revealed that in rGBM, 30 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 49 miRNAs were considerably down-regulated. Among them, the VEGF pathway was connected to 22 up-regulated miRNAs and 29 down-regulated miRNAs. The MAPK pathway shared the most genes with the VEGF pathway, accounting for 1,014 of the interacting genes, which were discovered to have interactions with VEGF signaling pathway genes. Furthermore, 14 miRNAs were identified as having a great deal of potential as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for rGBM. The results indicate that the VEGF pathway in rGBM is regulated by a number of interrelated pathways. The discovered miRNAs hold promise as rGBM biomarkers and therapeutic targets, offering possibilities for novel therapy strategies and aiding rGBM diagnosis and prognosis.

This study aimed to find lncRNAs and mRNAs that were expressed differently by combining microarray datasets from different studies. This was done to find important target genes in gastric cancer for anti-cancer therapy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequent and second-most deadly malignancy worldwide. Thus, genetic diagnosis and treatment should focus on genetic and epigenetic variables. Based on several studies, disordered expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as lncRNAs, regulate gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Besides, lncRNAs cooperatively regulate gene expression and GC progression.

We obtained differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) from three GC tissue microarray datasets by meta-analysis and screened genes using the "Limma" package. Then, using the RNAInter database, we allocated DEmRNAs to each DElncRNA. ClusterProfiler and GOplot programs were used to analyze function enrichment pathways and gene ontologies for final DEmRNAs.

A total of 9 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) (5 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated), and 856 DEmRNAs (451 up-regulated and 405 down-regulated) between tumor and adjacent normal samples were found. Finally, 117 differentially expressed mRNAs were predicted as interactors of six DElncRNAs (H19, WT1-AS, EMX2OS, HOTAIR, ZEB1-AS1, and LINC00261).

In order to promote cancer therapeutics and give knowledge on the process of carcinogenesis, our study projected a network of drug-gene interactions for discovered genes and presented relevant prospective biomarkers for the prognosis of patients with stomach cancer.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a pathway involved in epigenetics and cancer. It regulates cell processes and malignancy in prostate cancer cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is also influenced by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Therefore, targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and epigenetics may be a promising strategy for prostate cancer therapy. Blepharis persica (B. persica) is a plant with phenolic and flavonoid compounds that has anti-cancer properties. However, its mechanisms of action are unclear.We studied the effects of B. persica extract on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer cells (PC-3). We used MTT assay, GC-MS, RT-qPCR, and molecular docking to evaluate the cytotoxicity, composition, gene expression, and protein-ligand interactions of B. persica extract on PC-3 cells. We found that B. persica extract reduced PC-3 cell viability, down-regulated Wnt target genes (CTNNB1 and SNAIL), and up-regulated Wnt antagonists (APC and AXIN). Moreover, molecular docking analysis suggested that four compounds from B. persica extract, namely blepharone A, blepharone B, blepharone C, and blepharone D, had favorable binding energies and interactions with FZD7 protein. These results suggest that these compounds may act as potential inhibitors or modulators of FZD7 protein and thus affect the epigenetic regulation of Wnt signaling in PC-3 cells. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of B. persica extract on prostate cancer cells and suggest its potential as a natural modulator of Wnt signaling and epigenetics in prostate cancer therapy. epigenetics in PC-3 cells and may have therapeutic potential.

The excessive consumption of natural resources, the growing trend of environmental pollution and efforts to improve the quality of life in different dimensions have led to providing new solutions to solve the challenges of future cities. In this direction, the creation of smart cities has attracted the attention of academics and urban planners, mainly in the framework of urban development policies. Therefore, the main goal of current article is to introduce the scenarios resulting from the smartening process with an emphasis on the city of Qazvin. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection and analysis method. In order to collect information in the field of theoretical foundations, the documentary method was used, and the field method was used to collect data in order to analyze and answer the main research question. According to the findings of this research, 16 drivers were identified using the Delphi method; And after examining the extent and how these drivers affect each other, four key uncertainties of Qazvin city's smartening were identified. Considering the different states of four key uncertainties of sustainable management, new technologies, development of social innovation, international economy; And by using the CIB method through the Scenario Wizard software, three alternative scenarios were obtained for the future of Qazvin city in the direction of smartening that first scenario is the desirable scenario of smartening Qazvin city. According to the research results in Qazvin smart city policy making, In order to succeed as much as possible in the field of smartening Qazvin city, international technology-based companies (NTBFs) should be considered; Because we can find the actuality of the four uncertainties of sustainable management, new technologies, development of social innovation, and international economy in these companies.

In many countries, the advancements in information technologies and the decentralized computing method has inspired hope to take advantage of modern information technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in order to overcome the unique challenges in global health including the coronavirus crisis. The following study tries to examine the possible future scenarios in the industry, with the aim of discovering new opportunities to increase health and quality of life.

Considering the research literature, seventeen drivers, which had affected the research in three dimensions, were identified and the Delphi method was used for the accuracy of confirmation, their rankings and for the calculation of their certainty. The relationships between the drivers and the identified dimensions were measured and confirmed in the form of hypotheses and model presentations by structural equation methods. Using the cross-matrix method, five drivers were identified as risk and goal. Finally, through the identification of uncertainty and risk and goal drivers, four scenarios were developed.

The treatment structure and medical equipment influenced by COVID-19 pandemic conditions and due to the growth rate, optimal and intelligent application of modern digital technologies creates a wide-ranging evolution in this field and illustrates the possibility of achieving a desired future by taking advantage of the scenario of the formation of an interconnected global society and the realization of global health in the interaction of artificial intelligence drivers, novel production demands, sanctions, internet of things (IoT) and blockchain.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Many studies confirm that the interaction between microRNAs and mRNAs plays an important role in the incipience and progression of HCC. Accordingly, to better appreciate the miRNA-mRNA interaction, gene expression data from liver tissue (GSE39791) was analyzed. Finally, six up-regulated and 62 down-regulated genes were identified using the LIMMA package in R. After that, significant mRNAs were analyzed by the miRNet database based on liver tissue; significant interactions of 56 microRNAs were found that targeted mRNAs, miRNA-mRNA network was visualized by Cytoscape software. Pathways analysis and biological processes of significant mRNAs with clusterProfiler and Goplot packages showed that the retinol metabolism, drug metabolism and chemical carcinogens pathways were the most significantly affected in HCC. But, the detoxification of inorganic compounds, retinol metabolism and terpenoid metabolism were the most meaningful in biological processes. Examination of signalling pathways revealed that the metabolic pathway is a critical biomarker in both of these two types of gastrointestinal cancer, which may serve a role in the pathogenesis. Examination of signaling pathways revealed that, the metabolic pathway as a critical biomarker in both of these two types of gastrointestinal cancer, which may serve a role in the pathogenesis. In summary, the present survey provided evidence that could support the prognosis of liver tumors in the future.

The division of beings with regard to their essential attributes and characteristics is one of the first step taken by a philosopher with an ontological view. Some inherent attributes of a species differentiate between individuals of that species and individuals of other species, which means including attributes in a species. Also, sometimes some characteristics of one type prevent the influence or direct influence of people of that type on / from people of another type. The division of beings into immaterial and material and its requisites can be considered as the basis and root of many philosophical theories. According to Ibn Sina, Sheikh Ishraq and Mulla Sadra‌, all beings in the universe, even the Almighty, are necessarily part of one of these two types. According to them, the inherent characteristics of these two types are such that it is impossible to directly influence each other. Attributes such as perception as an essential attribute of immaterials and those such as potentiality or talent, extension and ability for sensitive pointing as attributes of material beings can be obtained in a scattered manner from the works of these three philosophers. Important issues, such as how the higher causes of existence relate to other levels,‌ how of the soul`s way of attaining knowledge‌ and the nature of memory, may be related to the division of beings into immaterial and material and its requisites. Therefore, in this article, in addition to examining the inclusion or exclusion of the mentioned attributes in one type, the refusal of immaterial and material connection according to the other theories of these three philosophers and the general rules governing philosophy are discussed

The emergence and widespread growth of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and data mining is the driving force in changing the infrastructure of traditional media to digital media. It brings cultural, fundamental, and technological changes in business models. In this process, previously successful retailers need to develop web-based stores, mobile apps, and digital marketing in social networks to defend their market share to increase their communication and relationship with customer by integrating the physical and online worlds. Digital technologies allow retailers to develop new products or services as well as innovative forms of relationships with their stakeholders to create business dynamics. Dynamics are enhanced through social media analysis and competitive intelligence processes (including planning, collecting, analyzing and disseminating information at the level of digital media) and leading to ease of use, accelerated responsiveness and a realizing customer experience. Thus, extensive access to social media to enhance interaction with stakeholders and potential customers and share content is defined as a new value in business models. Strategic foresight makes it possible to identify and analyze these technologies and digital media and their changes. Strategic foresight as a systematic, forward-looking, analytical and interactive process contributes to shared insights about long-term developments in science, technology, industry and society. Hence, the present aims to evaluate the relationship between strategic foresight and the expansion of business models and the use of media technologies. This study can be an important step in identifying the future developments of media technologies on business models. Therefore, the present study present an abstract model by considering its target population of experts, specialists, policymakers and media business owners in Iran and reviews the background of valid domestic and foreign studies and activities.

The present study is applied in terms of aim and descriptive-survey in terms of collecting data in 2021. The statistical population of the study includes faculty members and PhD students in the fields of future studies, entrepreneurship and media management, studying in the academic year of 2020 and 2021 as well as managers and experts active in the areas of information and communication technology from the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Organization and the owners of startups active in the area of media, located in the science and technology park of Qazvin province, operating in the areas of new technology, media and media-oriented businesses. Owing to the novelty of business models based on new media technologies; experts were used who had more specialized knowledge regarding the use of new media technologies. The research sample size was determined to be 240 people according to the initial screening based on the identification of adaptable people based on the target criteria, 638 people were selected, based on Cochran's formula with an error level of 0.05. Based on the Morgan table and using a convenience random sampling method, a researcher-made electronic questionnaire was sent to 270 experts, and finally 247 completed questionnaires were received. The questionnaire was developed in a five-point Likert scale and included 4 main components, 17 items and 3 questions for each item, and a total of 51 questions. Structural equation modeling method with partial least squares approach and PLS Smart 3 Software were used to test the hypotheses and research model.

Average variance extracted for all structures is higher than 5, confirming the validity of the constructs. Cronbach's alpha for constructs is higher than 0.7 and the composite reliability is also higher than 0.7. Also, the reliability of the constructs is also confirmed. In the evaluation of the quantitative model fit, all cases indicate a strong fit for the research model and its numerical value is greater than 1.96.

New technologies have become important in the formation of new media businesses. The rapid growth of technological forms in society and industry has provided many opportunities. The survival of media businesses requires gaining accurate knowledge of appropriate and effective developments and strategies in the future. While reviewing the literature of previous studies, the results presented here indicate a key gap that results from the lack of theory-based predictions about the future uses of digital media technology in the development of business models. This gap is important since companies make significant investments annually in media and digital technology development to increase social interactions. Executive decisions are critical to desired uses of digital technology. Some technology-basedcompanies have succeeded in building value based on media development in their business model, while others have failed to use digital technology effectively.Thus, the management structure to achieve the media development of the business model needs to use strategic foresight to examine the theories in predicting how to use digital media technology. Strategic foresight is a structured and systematic method to use future ideas to predict and better preparation for change and examine different acceptable futures that may arise, as well as paying attention to the opportunities and challenges that they can present. Business owners can use these ideas for better decision making and taking efficient measures. First, strategic foresight helps business owners develop a success strategy by examining the uncertainties in the future environment of businesses, and second, it can result in value creation in businesses by considering market development trends. The created value will be affected by digital technologies and will cause effective changes in business models. First, the present study helps to develop and apply strategic foresight in businesses. It indicates that the business model theory can be adopted in the foresight framework and thus can provide a powerful planning tool for the company's future use of digital technology. Second, given the importance of value creation in increasing the performance and survival of businesses, this study reveals that the realization of this value requires a well-developed foresight. This study aims to predict the creation and increase of the economic value of businesses to provide media development technology.

The most common form of esophageal cancer is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). miRNAs are well recognized as having a critical regulatory role in human cancer, but their responsibilities and mechanisms of miRNA-mRNA in ESCC are yet unknown. As a result, the miRNA microarray dataset (GSE66274) and gene expression microarray dataset (GSE38129) with similar samples were analyzed to better understand the miRNA-mRNA interactions. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified using the LIMMA package in R. In total, 478 DEmRNA (224 up-regulated & 254 down-regulated) and 39 DEmiRNA (15 up-regulated & 24 down-regulated) were screened out. miRNA-mRNA interactions were analyzed by RNAInter database, then the miRNA-mRNA network was visualized by Cytoscape software. On the other hand; ClusterProfiler packages were used to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for DEmRNA as targets of DEmiRNAs. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the p53 signaling pathway, ECM−receptor interaction, and AGE−RAGE signaling pathway were significant. Besides, cellular response to amino acid stimulus, negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway, and endoderm formation was most prevalent in the biological process category. Additionally, the collagen−containing extracellular matrix, actomyosin complex collagen trimers and basement membrane, and extracellular matrix structural constituent were more enriched. Taken together, the present survey provided evidence that could support the prognosis of esophageal tumors in the future.

The present study aimed to achieve and develop the goals of entrepreneurial education in this context by properly understanding the paradigms of online education and the purposeful use of new digital technologies. In terms of purpose, an applied-developmental method along with a successive approach, in two quantitative and qualitative sections were used in this study. The quantitative section was done by structural equation modelling through using a researcher-developed questionnaire. The population included all university professors in Tehran (Shahid Beheshti University, University of Science and Technology, Farhangian University, Islamic Azad University, Payame Noor University) and experts in the field of information technology. According to Cochran's formula, 115 experts were selected by simple random sampling with stratified proportional allocation. In the qualitative section, by using a scenario planning approach, the drivers and states of uncertainty have been identified by examining Matrix Key Factors based on the consensus of 15 purposefully selected experts with snowball technique in Iran. In the quantitative section, the findings confirmed the direct impact of 4 components of intelligence, entrepreneurial education, online learning environment and digital literacy on the realization of online entrepreneurship education by identifying 5 effective drivers (namely: modern teaching method, personalization, robots, integration of teaching and comprehensive access to resources) as factors influencing events, trends, actions and images which may give rise to distinct futures. The present study identified several possible scenarios which are a continuation of the past and present’s situations, and finally, four possible and future scenarios were presented.

Due to the increasing development of information technology, researchers estimate that in the near future, organizational structures will act hastily for fear of backwardness. Without sufficient attention to the security dimensions, they ignore the need for intelligent security simply by emphasizing cyberization and allocating large costs for preparing the technical infrastructure. In this regard, by observing the security dimensions, our research tries to identify and prioritize the drivers that have the most ability to provide cyber services.

Our research is descriptive-analytical. The data collection is done theoretically in accordance with library studies; its tool is analytically questionnaire and data analysis is conducted by SPSS and Mic-Mac software.

Considering the security dimensions according to experts, we identified 12 drivers with the highest potential to provide cyber services and prioritized them in 4 areas. Next, by considering the two parameters of action and reaction, we explored the relationships between the drivers. Finally, we tried to bring the system closer to stability by prescribing an appropriate procedure.

According to the results of the research, in order to provide cyber services, the government should consider the degree of the organization's action and reaction and avoid making sporadic decisions that do not have a specific priority. In the realization of its cyber services, it should also pay special attention to the security dimension.

Social media are considered as a Web 2.0 service, which has drawn the attention of the public and became global. Information flows, and the relationships between individuals in such platforms are realized and could become a prerequisite and a fertile ground for paying attention to entrepreneurial opportunities. It is expected to see dramatic growth in entrepreneurship development due to providing entrepreneurs with such opportunities. This paper aims to investigate the impact of social media platforms on entrepreneurship development, considering the moderating role of digital technologies and social norms. This research is applied in terms of aim, and also is considered as a descriptive-correlational research. The researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather the data, and a sample of 115 entrepreneurs who were in Tehran was surveyed using a non-random sampling technique. The gathered data was analyzed by Smart PLS software. As the Cronbach's alpha of all the constructs were more than 0.7, and the AVE value was more than 0.5, we ensured the research tool's reliability and validity. Findings revealed that improvement of social media platforms, social norms and digital technologies could positively affect entrepreneurship development on social media platforms. Besides, in addition to the direct impact, entrepreneurship on social media platforms was mostly affected indirectly, through social norms. Therefore, this research could be used to develop entrepreneurship on such platforms, by who use a certain level of digital technologies.

Myostatin gene belongs to the family of transforming growth factors (TGF-β), which in growth and development and maturation and specifically is expressed in adult skeletal muscle development. In this study protein amino acid sequence of Myostatin in various species, including cow, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, goose, Columba, rats, and humans was investigated using by Bioinformatics tools. In alignment of the final section of Myostatin protein (active form of Myostatin protein that is expressed as a dimer), high degree of conservation was observed, so that the changes fluctuation in this section than the other parts of protein sequence, the least amount possible. Secondary structures such as alpha helices, beta sheets and three-dimensional structure of Myostatin proteins using specialized sites Proteus and Phyre2 was assessed. Amino acids leucine, lysine, isoleucine and glutamic acid in cow, sheep and goat showed the same frequency as compared with poultry, such as chicken, lots more. However, the frequency of the amino acid sequence of the protein myostatin in humans and pigs was moderate. Study of phylogenetic tree showed that difference between amino acid sequences among mentioned Myostatin species lead exposure in a group of birds was isolated from mammals. Investigation of 3-D structure showed that this gene is highly conserved across species.

In order to study and compare the phosphate transporter gene codon usage and it's respond to the traits like salt tolerance, day length, Pollination and temperature in different plants, 100 isoform from 10 plants are extracted from NCBI website and then analyzed with Gene Infinity and Minitab 16 software. The result shows that the highest codon usage similarity (81.95%) was for wheat and oryza (annual, self-polinated and Psychrophilic) from Poaceae family. The result for poaceae family shows that the highest mean abundance was for codons that have U or G at the end. In this study Cucurbita maxima (salt tolerance, annual and cross pollinated) have the lowest codon usage similarity (70.37%) in compare with other plants in this study. The highest difference between families was for Fabaceae (77.64%) but they are divided in one group at the cluster. So the results show that the families that have lowest distance have the highest codon usage similarity in terms of salt tolerance, day length, Pollination and temperature. It is conceivable that a direct relationship would exist between preferred codons and division of plant families.