nematollah nemati

 Exercise-induced adaptations can be influenced by the type of exercise. The aim of the current research was to determine the effect of a period of resistance-interval training versus resistance-aerobic training on insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1] and strength and muscle mass in trained young men.

 In this semi-experimental research, 36 trained male volunteers were selected and divided into three groups: 1] resistance training, 2] resistance-aerobic training, and 3] resistance-interval training. Resistance training was performed in 3 sets, 4 to 6 repetitions with 85% of one-repetition maximum. interval training was performed in 4-6 intervals of 30 seconds of sprinting with 4.5 minutes of recovery. Aerobic exercise was performed with an intensity of 70% of maximum oxygen consumption for 30 minutes.

An increase in muscle strength and muscle mass was observed in the resistance, resistance-periodic and resistance-aerobic groups, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the groups [P < 0.05]. It also showed that the changes in serum IGF-1 for the resistance-interval training group are significant compared to the resistance-aerobic training group) P=0.002(. It also showed that serum IGF-1 changes were significant for resistance-interval training group compared to resistance-aerobic training group [P=0.002].

 As evidenced by the results of this hospital study, an increase in age and BMI are positively related to PSA concentration and prostate volume; nonetheless, no correlation was observed between PSA and prostate volume. BMI and age may be better parameters to estimate PSA concentration and prostate volume.

The current research was conducted with the aim of strategic entrepreneurship model in sports businesses. In this research, a combined method with an exploratory approach was used. In this research, theoretical saturation was created in the qualitative part by interviewing 35 people. In the quantitative part of the statistical society, the faculty members of the entrepreneurship management faculties of universities across the country, the faculty members of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences with the expertise of entrepreneurship and business management formed. According to the statistics obtained from relevant organizations, there are 2210 people in the statistical population, and according to Morgan's table, 385 people were estimated as the research sample. To carry out the research in the qualitative phase, data was collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative stage, a questionnaire was used. In order to confirm the validity of the qualitative part of all checklists, it was approved by 4 sports management experts. To check the validity of the quantitative tool, the relative coefficient of content validity of CVR was used. To confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was reported as 0.91. In the qualitative part of the data analysis, open and axial coding techniques were used, summarization, and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used. The findings showed causal conditions, background conditions and effective strategies in strategic entrepreneurship. Also, the final model of efficient, strategic planning also has a favorable fit.

Adiponectin is a type of adipokine that is involved in sugar and lipid metabolism, this adipokine is in addition to the tissue that it is like and can become. The present study was designed to compare the effect of endurance, resistance and combined exercises on the level of adiponectin gene expression in the hand and leg muscles of Wistar rats.

The current study is an experimental research in which 40 healthy male Wistar rats were divided into four ten groups of control, resistance training, endurance and combined. Each group did their own exercises for 8 weeks. Finally, hand and foot muscles were examined to measure the adiponectin gene.

The results of the analyzes showed that the level of adiponectin gene expression was different among all groups (P < 0.001). The relative expression of adiponectin gene in all training groups increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.001).Also, comparing exercise groups together, combined exercises had the greatest effect and resistance exercise had the least effect. In intra-group comparison, adiponectin gene expression was higher in hand muscle than leg muscle during resistance training (P = 0.047), but gene expression was higher in leg muscle during endurance training (P = 0.029). These two muscles were not significantly different during combined training (P = 0.086).

According to the results of this study, all types of sports training can increase the expression of adiponectin gene, but combined, endurance and resistance training have the greatest effect, respectively.

 The pathogenesis of obesity is very complex, and a number of factors are involved in its occurrence. To treat or control obesity and diabetes, various treatment methods, such as the use of natural and synthetic drugs or lifestyle modifications, are recommended for obese people. Exercise is an active lifestyle that can have beneficial effects on obese people. Due to people's concerns about the side effects of chemical drugs, including drug resistance, today in medicine, the use of herbal compounds with different properties, including cinnamon, has been considered by everyone.

 In the current work, simultaneous application of cinnamon extract (CE) and aerobic practices were studied on the expression of the resistin gene (RG) in adipose tissue of male rats on a high-fat diet.

 The influence of 5 days a week of aerobic exercise for 6 weeks, along with a simultaneous high-fat diet (as an emulsion with the rate of 150 mL in excess of the routine diet) and consumption of CE (200 mg/kg), were studied. The expression of the RG in adipose tissue of male rats that received a high-fat diet in their daily food was assessed. Independent variables of the present study included performing 6 weeks of aerobic exercise, consumption of CE, and high-fat diet as the underlying variables. The mRNA expression of the proteins was evaluated using real-time PCR. The effect of variables on between-group and within-group changes was assessed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test.

 Different patterns, including high-fat diet, cinnamon, and combinations of high-fat diet/cinnamon, high-fat diet/aerobic exercise, and high-fat diet/aerobic exercise, were significant on resistin in adipose tissue.

 The best results in terms of mitigating the adverse effects of diet on the expression of RG were observed for a combination of six weeks of exercise and CE. Therefore, the simultaneous utilization of aerobic exercise and CE is recommended.

Adiponectin is a peptide hormone that is secreted from adipose tissue in humans and is effective on fat and glucose metabolism. Interleukin-6 also has the main role in various types of host defense mechanisms, including immune reactions and acute phase reactions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the short-term effects of aerobic exercise and high-fat diet and curcumin extract on the expression of adiponectin and interleukin genes in six muscle tissues of male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 50 two-month-old male rats were prepared and divided into five control groups, high-fat diet, curcumin and high-fat diet, exercise and high-fat diet, curcumin + exercise + high-fat diet. Data analysis was compared using one-way analysis of variance. The mean of intra-group differences was also compared using the one-way statistical test. The results showed that the average expression of the adiponectin gene of the subjects showed a significant difference among the 5 groups. The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test also showed a significant difference between the control group and other groups. Also, the expression of interleukin 6 gene increased in two groups - high-fat diet and high-fat + curcumin diet group compared to the control group. But in two groups of high-fat diet + exercise and high-fat diet + exercise + curcumin group, there was a significant decrease.

There is a relationship between myostatin gene expression and muscle strength as well as factors related to athletes' fitness. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of traditional resistance training and suspension-resistance training on serum levels of myostatin and the results of wrestlers' motor performance tests. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design. Thirty wrestlers were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: control, traditional resistance training and suspension-resistance training. Serum levels of myostatin, muscle strength, speed, power and agility were respectively assessed by Fasting blood sampling, Chest press maximal repetition test, 15 yards speed test, Sargent jump and T Agility tests. At the end of the pre-test stage, each training group performed their respective exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each training session for 30-45 minutes. At the end of 8 weeks of training, all the tests performed in the pre-test stage were repeated in the post-test stage. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of research findings.The results of one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that in the post-test stage, there was no significant difference between the means of all the studied variables in the traditional resistance group with the suspension-resistance group (P> 0.05); However, there is a significant difference between the average of the studied variables in the control group and the two training groups in the post-test stage (P≤0.05). According to the results of the present study, both traditional resistance training and suspension-resistance training reduce serum levels of myostatin and by increasing muscle strength can be used as an approach to improve the motor performance of freestyle wrestlers.

The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of privatization barriers in Iranian professional football using a mixed method. This research is an exploratory research and was conducted by combined method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section included ten professors of sports management and ten professors of sports law, and in the quantitative section included managers of the Football Federation, managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and CEOs and board members of Premier League and League football clubs. The first is that their number is 350 people based on the information in the databases, which according to Morgan table, 285 people were selected as a sample. First, the factors related to the research topic were identified through the Delphi process, and finally 12 components were identified for the research, and then the interpretive structural process was performed. Then research questionnaire was developed and exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that obstacles to the privatization of Iranian football clubs with a legal approach include political interference, interference with administrative procedures, financial problems of clubs, privatization procedures, and regulatory laws. According to the findings, it can be concluded that with the development of club infrastructure and the supervision of relevant organizations, with financial transparency and strict supervision of the Ministry of Sports, the field of club privatization can be provided.

The use of herbal remedies can be helpful in the prevention and treatment of obesity, overweight, and disorders related to these conditions. However, it is still unclear how aerobic exercise and curcumin supplementation interact with adipose tissue. This study sought to determine how leptin and adiponectin gene expression in visceral adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fat diet would be affected by aerobic exercise and supplementation with curcumin extract. For this study, 50 male rats were divided into five groups of equal size: control, high-fat diet, curcumin and high-fat diet, aerobic exercise and high-fat diet, and aerobic exercise and curcumin and high-fat diet. Five sessions per week of aerobic exercise were performed for six weeks at a speed of 25 to 29 meters per minute for 20 to 45 minutes. Rats were given high-fat food emulsion in the amount of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight per day for six weeks in order to simulate high-fat food groups. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were employed in SPSS22 to analyze the results. There is no difference between the short-term effects of aerobic exercise, a high-fat diet, and curcumin extract on adiponectin gene expression in male rats (P=0.05). The short-term effects of aerobic exercise, a high-fat diet, and curcumin extract on the expression of the leptin gene in adipose tissue in male rats are comparable and not significantly different. The findings of this study demonstrated that consumption of curcumin, an antioxidant, and brief exercise have an impact on how the fat gene expresses itself. As a result, when either agent is consumed alone, the expression of the adiponectin and leptin genes in fat decreases or increases, and when both agents are consumed at the same time, the expression of the adiponectin and leptin genes in these cells' fat tissue increases.

In this study, concentrations of some blood biochemical factors in male powerlifting athletes were compared through 6 weeks of weight training with combined beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and creatinine (Cr) supplements and 2 weeks of non-training. Thirty-two male athletes aged 21-30 years were randomly divided into four groups of eight individuals: Cr, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. The HMB group consumed 3 g of the supplement on training days and 1g on  non-training days, the Cr group  consumed  three servings of  5 g on  training days and 5 g  on non-training days, and the HMB +Cr group consumed the same amount of HMB and Cr supplements as the HMB and Cr groups.  During 2 weeks of non-training, the HMB, Cr, and HMB + Cr groups received daily 1 g, 5 g, and 1 g of HMB + 5 g of Cr, respectively. The hypotheses were tested by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were no significant differences in Cholesterol (Chol.), Triglyceride (TG), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels after the post-test and 2 weeks of non-training. There were significant differences in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in post-test between groups of weight training and HMB (p = 0.000), weight training and HMB + Cr (p = 0.002), Cr and HMB (p = 0.000), and Cr and HMB + Cr (P = 0.001). The weight training and HMB (p = 0.000), weight training and HMB + Cr (p = 0.003), Cr and HMB (p 0.000) =), and Cr and HMB + Cr groups (p = 0.001) were significantly different in 2 weeks of non-training. Six-week weight training with combined HMB and Cr supplement and 2 weeks of non-training can significantly change the concentrations of some blood biochemical factors in male powerlifting athletes.

Serum leptin levels have a very important and decisive role in controlling body weight and fat mass due to its effect on appetite and the ability to reduce energy intake and the amount of physical activity with the ability to increase energy consumption. Consumption of some herbal anti-obesity compounds such as cinnamon can also be effective and useful in reducing body fat mass and controlling obesity. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining whether six weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of cinnamon extract has an effect on leptin gene expression in adipose tissue of male rats fed with a high-fat diet. Consumption of cinnamon extract (200 mg/kg of body weight) and high-fat food (150 ml of high-fat food emulsion in excess of the daily diet) five days a week on leptin gene expression in adipose tissue of male rats fed with the diet High-fat food was carried out in the form of a multi-group research project with a control group. Real Time-PCR method was used to check the gene or mRNA expression of the desired proteins. The variables were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni, and one-sample t tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. According to the results, the effects of high-fat diet, the combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise, the combination of high-fat diet and cinnamon, and the combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise and cinnamon on the variable of leptin in adipose tissue were significant and significant, so that the consumption of high-fat food caused adverse changes in the expression of this gene, but six weeks of exercise and consumption of cinnamon extract moderated the adverse effects of a high-fat diet and produced favorable changes in the expression of this gene and body weight and fat tissue weight. In addition, the combination of six weeks of exercise and cinnamon extract has far more favorable effects in modulating the adverse effects of diet on the expression of this gene.

Food and sports supplements are used by athletes all over the world, and correct and optimal consumption improves performance and prevents sports injuries. In this regard, creatine and ginseng supplements can be effective on physiological indicators and sports performance. Therefore, considering that no research has been done on the use of these supplements on blood indicators on fencers. The present study compares the effect of creatine and ginseng supplements on blood ammonia, HDL, LDL and homocysteine indices of the male players of the Iranian Epe fencing team.

In the present study, 14 male players of the Epe national fencing team were divided into two creatine supplement groups (7 people) and ginseng supplement group (7 people). Subjects in two groups performed their normal exercises with the team during the research, and on the day before the measurement, after a specific activity in a sitting position, blood was taken from the arm vein of the subjects by a specialist. The statistical significance difference was determined at the level of P ≥ 0.05 and ANCOVA test was used to determine the differences between groups and the data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 25.

This article was approved by the Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch (Code: IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1400.073).

The results showed that after six weeks, there is a significant difference between the creatine and ginseng groups in the blood indices of ammonia, LDL, HDL and homocysteine (P≥0.05). so that the average of creatine supplement group in ammonia, LDL, HDL and homocysteine index in terms of mg/dL respectively (2.56±0.83, 1.16±0.33, 7.45±0.48, 8.89±0.18) and Gensing group (2.05±0.29, 1.46±0.78, 8.11±0.27, 7.63±0.45).

The results showed that there is a significant difference in the average of blood ammonia, HDL, LDL and hemocytin between the creatine supplement group and the ginseng supplement group. Therefore, the role of ginseng supplement in reducing blood ammonia and homocysteine and in increasing HDL was more than that of creatine supplement, and the role of creatine supplement in reducing LDL was more than that of ginseng supplement. So it can be concluded that the role of ginseng supplement in the changes of blood ammonia, homocysteine and HDL is more than the role of creatine supplement.

Type two diabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases, and the lesser-known complication of diabetes is sexual dysfunction, which leads to, vaginal dryness in females and erectile problems in males. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influencing factors on the complication reduction of treatment. The main purpose of this present study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of combined yoga exercises, almond consumption and diet on the sexual function of diabetic females in Damghan city. For this purpose, fifty diabetic women aged between 30 to 50 years old in Damghan were selected and matched based on their age, height, and weight into five groups (number in each groups=10 subject). The subjects randomly named 1.yoga exercises; 2. Almonds consumption; 3. Diet (doing all three items); and 4. Control group. Before and after the intervention period, blood pressure, blood sugar, waist, and hip size were measured and the subjects completed a dietary recall questionnaire. The first group subjects performed 10-minute breathing exercises, 20-minute stretching, and 15-minute concentration of yoga exercises in each session. The second group replaced 1 ounce (equivalent to 28.34 gr) of almonds with a 10% calorie intake per day. The third group implemented any of the diet programs set by the nutritionist, and the fourth group performed all of the above 3 conditions (yoga, almonds consumption & diet). The control group did not implement any of the above. TDEo analyses of the data, descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. The results showed that eight weeks of yoga exercises, almond consumption, and diet significantly affect sexual function among diabetic women. However, no significant effect was observed on the sexual function after the intervention in the control group. Thus yoga exercises, almond consumption, and diet improved sexual function of diabetic women.

This study aimed to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on body composition and muscle function factors in male powerlifting athletes Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided into four groups of 8 people creatine, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. The HMB group had 3 grams of the supplement on training days and 1 gram on non-training days, the creatine group on training days in 3 servings of 5 grams and 5 grams on non-training days, HMB + Cr group HMB supplement in 3 grams per day, and Creatine was consumed in the same way as the creatine group. During the two weeks of training, the HMB group received 1 gr of the supplement daily, the creatine group received 5 gr of the supplement, and the HMB + Cr group received 1 gr of the HMB supplement daily and 5 gr of the creatine supplement. A Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the hypotheses. Comparison between groups showed that there was not a significant difference in body fat percentage, lower body muscle strength, and muscle endurance between the four groups of weight training, creatine supplementation, HMB supplementation, and HMB + Cr supplementation in the post-test and two weeks of non-training. Also, the comparison between the groups showed that There was a significant difference in upper body muscle strength in the post-test, between the HMB + Cr group and the weight training group, the HMB + Cr group and the creatine group, the HMB + Cr group and the HMB group and Also in two weeks of non-training, between HMB + Cr group and weight training group, HMB + Cr group and creatine group, HMB + Cr group and HMB group, also comparison between groups showed that in two weeks of non-training, there was a significant difference in lower body muscle endurance between the weight training group, and HMB, the weight training group and HMB + Cr. It seems that six weeks of weight training with a combination of HMB and creatine supplements and two weeks of non-training can lead to a reduction in body fat percentage and improved muscle function factors in male powerlifters.

The study is to investigate the obstacles to the privatization of Iranian football clubs through legal approach. The statistical population included professors of sports management and professors of sports law and law who were familiar with sports and the legal structure of sports. It was conducted by the method of snowball to saturation, and finally twenty people were examined. First, through library research and referring to other studies, the preliminaries of the research were provided and then, through interviews, dimensions and items were identified, total of 12 components, and then the interpretive structural process was performed. The findings showed that barriers to privatization of Iranian football clubs include barriers to clubs entering the capital market, structural problems of the stock market, financial barriers of clubs, bureaucracies of sports organizations, administrative problems of regulatory bodies, lack of transparency in administrative legal procedure, interference Government in the privatization of clubs, the influence of non-athletes in clubs, non-implementation of legal privatization laws, clubs' dependence on public and private sectors, distance from FIFA financial standards and legal restrictions on revenue generation.  According to the findings, it can be concluded that in order to develop privatization in Iranian football clubs, legal infrastructure should be created in privatization organizations and stock exchanges, and the private sector should enter the clubs by creating transparency in the structure of clubs.

Considering the role and importance of establishing knowledge management in various organizations, the purpose of this research was to provide a model of factors affecting the establishment of knowledge management in the sailing federation.

This study was of applied method in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of execution. The study community was the employees of the Iran Rowing Federation in 1401, 20 of whom were selected as a sample using targeted and snowball sampling methods having  conditions to enter the study. The samples responded to the researcher-made questionnaire of the factors affecting the establishment of knowledge management in the sailing federation (44 items) and its validity and reliability were evaluated appropriately. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS and Smart PLS software.

The findings showed that the factors affecting the establishment of knowledge management in the sailing federation have 14 factors of understanding and insight in employees, expertise of employees, committed managers, participation of employees, motivation of human resources, expertise in knowledge management processes, strategic processes, rules and internal processes, functional processes, innovative processes, technological capabilities, technological infrastructures, technological communication and recognition of knowledge management technologies. Also, the factor load of all factors was higher than 0.50, the convergent validity of all factors with the average variance extracted method was higher than 0.40, and the reliability of all factors with the combined method was higher than 0.70. In addition, the model of factors affecting the establishment of knowledge management in the sailing federation had a good fit, and the effect of all paths was evaluated as appropriate.

According to the results of this study, an effective step can be taken to improve the establishment of knowledge management in the sailing federation through the identified factors.

Food and sports supplements are used by athletes all over the world, and correct and optimal consumption improves performance and prevents sports injuries. In this regard, creatine and ginseng supplements can be effective on physiological indicators and sports performance. Therefore, considering that no research has been done on the use of these supplements on blood indicators on fencers. The present study compares the effect of creatine and ginseng supplements on blood ammonia, HDL, LDL and homocysteine indices of the male players of the Iranian Epe fencing team.

In the present study, 14 male players of the Epe national fencing team were divided into two creatine supplement groups (7 people) and ginseng supplement group (7 people). Subjects in two groups performed their normal exercises with the team during the research, and on the day before the measurement, after a specific activity in a sitting position, blood was taken from the arm vein of the subjects by a specialist. The statistical significance difference was determined at the level of P ≥ 0.05 and ANCOVA test was used to determine the differences between groups and the data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 25.

This article was approved by the Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch (Code: IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1400.073).

The results showed that after six weeks, there is a significant difference between the creatine and ginseng groups in the blood indices of ammonia, LDL, HDL and homocysteine (P≥0.05). so that the average of creatine supplement group in ammonia, LDL, HDL and homocysteine index in terms of mg/dL respectively (2.56±0.83, 1.16±0.33, 7.45±0.48, 8.89±0.18) and Gensing group (2.05±0.29, 1.46±0.78, 8.11±0.27, 7.63±0.45).

The results showed that there is a significant difference in the average of blood ammonia, HDL, LDL and hemocytin between the creatine supplement group and the ginseng supplement group. Therefore, the role of ginseng supplement in reducing blood ammonia and homocysteine and in increasing HDL was more than that of creatine supplement, and the role of creatine supplement in reducing LDL was more than that of ginseng supplement. So it can be concluded that the role of ginseng supplement in the changes of blood ammonia, homocysteine and HDL is more than the role of creatine supplement.

Aim of the present study was to compare the effect of pilates and corestability exercises on diastasis recti, pain, functional disability and quality of life ofprimiparous mothers with nonspecific low back pain.

A total of 20 primiparous mothers between the ages of 20 and 30were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the pre-teststage, subject's diastasis recti, pain, functional disability and quality of life wereassessed by ultrasound device, VAS visual scale, Oswestery questionnaire andSF36 questionnaire, respectively. Subjects in exercise groups then performed theirrespective exercises for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, all study variables wereexamined again in the post-test stage. Two-way analysis of variance was used tostatistically analyze the research findings at a significance level of P≤0.05.

The results of two-way analysis of variance showed that in both traininggroups, the variables of diastasis recti, pain, functional disability and quality of life ofthe subjects in the post-test improved significantly compared to the pre-test. Also,the results of two-way analysis of variance showed that in the post-test stage, thereis no significant difference between the mean of the studied variables between thetwo training groups.

Pilates and core stability exercises due to ongoing stimulation of sub-maximal contractions and correction of movement patterns by invoking andincreasing the strength and coordination of the body's core stabilizer muscles, playsa significant role in improving diastasis recti, pain, function and quality of life inprimiparous mothers with nonspecific low back pain.

Preterm childbirth refers to the birth of a live child before gestational age of 37 weeks, and is one of the most important determinants of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The present study aims to determine the effect of prenatal exercise on preterm childbirth and neonatal consequences and outcomes in primiparous pregnant women.

The present study was enrolled on 80 healthy primiparous pregnant women of Damghan city who met the conditions to enter the study in 2020 and randomization was carried out online.The supervised sports included: individual walking two days a week with self- chosen intensity based on the principle of load increase as well as sitting palates along with stand pregnancy aerobics with moderate intensity three times a week and each time was 45 minutes, which started from 18 to 20 weeks and continued until 37 to 39 weeks of pregnancy. The comparison group had usual care during pregnancy. Multivariate analysis of variance and independent t test were used to compare two groups.

There was no significant difference in the rate of preterm birth in the two groups. The results of independent t-tests showed that there is a significant difference in the Apgar variables of the first minute (p=0.017) and oxygen saturation (p=0.001) between the two intervention and comparison groups. Also, the results of this research showed that there was a relationship between the group (intervention or comparison) and neonatal outcome (positive or negative) and being in the intervention group is a predictor of positive neonatal outcome.

Besides having a positive effect on neonatal outcomes (Apgar score and oxygen saturation), regular and managed exercise leads to positive outcomes in neonatal outcomes, especially reducing hospitalizations.

The aim of this study was to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in male powerlifting athletes. Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided into four groups of 8 people creatine, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. HMB group 3 grams of supplement on training days and 1 gram on non-training days, creatine group on training days in 3 servings of 5 grams and 5 grams on non-training days, HMB + Cr group HMB supplement in 3 grams per day and Creatine was consumed in the same way as the creatine group. During the two weeks of training, the HMB group received 1 gr of the supplement daily, the creatine group received 5 gr of the supplement, and the HMB + Cr group received 1 gr of the HMB supplement daily and 5 grams of the creatine supplement. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the hypotheses. The test results showed that in the post-test between weight training groups and HMB (p = 0.000), creatine (p = 0.006) and HMB + Cr (p = 0.000) and in two weeks of inactivity, there was a significant difference in CK between the weight training group and HMB + Cr (p = 0.047). Also between weight training groups and HMB (p = 0.000), HMB + Cr (p = 0.000), creatine and HMB (p = 0.019), creatine and HMB + Cr (p = 0.001) in both Week of inactivity There was a significant difference in LDH between the weight training group and HMB + Cr (p = 0.004), creatine and HMB (p = 0.026), creatine and HMB + Cr (p = 0.001). It seems that 6 weeks of weight training with a combination of HMB and creatine supplement and 2 weeks of non-training can significantly reduce muscle injury indices in male powerlifting athletes.
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Leptin is a protein hormone with a spiral structure similar to cytokines, which is mainly synthesized and released by subcutaneous fat cells in a steady pulsating manner with a peak secretion near midnight. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term effects of aerobic exercise and high-fat diet and curcumin extract on leptin gene expression in the liver tissue of male rats.

Fifty male rat with two-month-old were prepared and divided into five groups: control(G1), high-fat diet(G2), curcumin and high-fat diet(G3), exercise and high-fat diet(G4), curcumin+exercise+high-fat diet(G5). Data analysis was compared using one-way analysis of variance. Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to accurately determine the differences between groups. The mean of intra-group differences was also compared using the t-test of the sample. 

The results showed a significant difference in the average leptin gene expression of subjects among 5 groups. The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test also showed an increase in the high-fat diet group compared to the control group(P=0.0001), and a decrease in the high-fat diet + curcumin group(P=0.0001), the high-fat diet + exercise group(P=0.0001), and the high-fat diet + exercise + curcumin group compared to the control group(P=0.0001). 

Leptin gene is expressed under the influence of short-term exercises and the consumption of curcumin, which is an antioxidant. So that the use of each agent alone causes a decrease or increase in the leptin gene expression in the liver, and the simultaneous use of both factors causes a decrease in the leptin gene expression of these cells in the muscle tissue.

 Measuring physical fitness by studying aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, and muscular strength in most sports research is one of the important indicators of professional athletes.

 The aim of the present study was to compare six weeks of creatine supplementation and ginseng on the aerobic and anaerobic strength and muscle strength of the male players of the Iran national epee fencing team.

 This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design was performed on two experimental groups of creatine and ginseng as a double-blind study. A total of 14 male players of the national epee fencing team were assigned to two groups’ creatine supplement and ginseng supplement. The statistical significant difference was determined at P ≥ 0.05, and ANCOVA test was used to assess the differences between groups. All data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 25.

 The results showed that the mean aerobic power in the creatine supplement group was significantly different from the ginseng supplement group (P = 0.001). In addition, the mean anaerobic control within the creatine supplement group is significantly higher than the ginseng supplement group (P = 0.001). The mean muscle strength in the creatine supplement group is significantly different from the ginseng group (P = 0.001). Higher mean aerobic power, anaerobic power, and muscle strength in the creatine supplement group, compared to the ginseng group, showed the more significant role of this supplement in raising aerobic power.

 It can be concluded that the role of creatine supplements in improving aerobic and anaerobic power and muscle strength could be more remarkable than the ginseng supplement.

Given their effect on appetite and the ability to reduce energy intake and physical activity, serum leptin levels play a key and decisive role in controlling body weight and fat mass. Consumption of some anti-obesity plant compounds such as cinnamon can also be useful in reducing body fat mass and controlling obesity. This experimental study was aimed at determining the effects of six weeks of aerobic exercise (five days a week), consumption of cinnamon extract (200 mg per kg of body weight) and high-fat food (150 ml of high-fat food emulsion in excess of daily diet). Expression of leptin gene in the liver tissue of male rats fed a high-fat diet was performed in a multi-group research design with a control group. Real Time-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of the gene or mRNA of the proteins. Takara Viragen’s kit was employed to prepare PCR master mix for cDNA. The effects of high-fat diet, combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise, combination of high-fat diet and cinnamon and combination of high-fat diet, aerobic exercise, and cinnamon on leptin variable in liver tissue were considerable and significant so that high-fat diet caused adverse changes in the expression of this gene. Nevertheless, six weeks of exercise and consumption of cinnamon extract moderated the adverse effects of a high-fat diet and caused favorable changes in the expression of this gene and body weight and liver tissue weight. In addition, the combination of six weeks of exercise and cinnamon extract had far more favorable effects in modulating the adverse effects of diet on the expression of this gene. Hence, it is recommended to use cinnamon extract along with aerobic exercise.
 
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 Changes in the antioxidant status and changes in the concentration of inflammatory factors through physical activity and supplements are a vague argument for researchers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) with royal jelly (RJ) on the oxidative system of hippocampal tissue in rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by trimethylettin.

A total of 60 adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: 1) Healthy control; 2) AD control; 3) Sham; 4) RJ; 5) RT; and 6) RT+RJ. The RT groups performed three sessions of RT for eight weeks. The RJ groups received 100mg/kg/day RJ dissolved in normal saline by intraperitoneal injection for eight weeks. qRT-PCR technique was used to evaluate changes in SOD, GPX, CAT gene expression of hippocampal tissue.

The results showed that the expression of SOD gene in either the RT and the RT+RJ groups had a significant increase compared to the healthy controls (p=0.001). GPX gene expression in either the RT and the RT+RJ groups was significantly increased compared to the AD controls as well as healthy controls (p=0.001). There was a significant increase in CAT expression in the RT+RJ group compared to the healthy controls (p=0.015). There was a significant decrease in CAT in the AD controls compared to the healthy controls (p=0.038).

It seems that the combination of exercise intervention with RJ may have more positive and obvious effects on the antioxidant system in rats with AD.

An increasing number of elderly individuals are now undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Elderly patients, compared with patients of a younger age group, present for surgery with a greater burden of risk factors and reduced functional levels. Short‐term outcomes are hence poorer in them. But symptom relief occurs in most survivors and is accompanied by excellent rates of long‐term survival and a good quality of life. Therefore, an individualised risk–benefit profile must be carefully constructed by clinicians, taking into account several different factors and not just age alone. This review summarises the current concepts of coronary artery bypass surgery from the perspective of the very old. This, unfortunately, is not an easy question to answer. Risk–benefit profiles are individualised, and each elderly patient must be assessed on his or her own merit. There are no universally accepted standards for selection or rejection of patients for surgery. An elderly person with few background illnesses and a good expected quality and length of life would probably stand to benefit from CABG. On the other hand, an octogenarian with several comorbidities and an expected suboptimal quality of life after surgery would probably be best managed conservatively. The greatest risk, however, is in the critically ill elderly patient for whom the CABG operation may be the best of several high‐risk options. Due to the effect of cardiac rehabilitation in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and accidents on the one hand and the high direct and indirect treatment costs imposed on insurance organizations due to drug and surgical interventions on the other hand is covered. Giving a cardiac rehabilitation program due to its high clinical benefits, including reducing blood pressure risk factors and blood lipid profile and increasing the functional capacity of vascular transplant patients, reducing per capita drug use, reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy for the benefit of patients and society It is also in the interest of insurance companies. Therefore, the researcher seeks to answer the question of whether eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation affect hemodynamic parameters and blood lipid profile in male patients 55 to 70 years of age with CABG coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

For the present quasi-experimental study, which was performed with a pre-test-post-test design, among male patients with an age range of 55 to 70 years, coronary artery bypass graft referring to Sari Heart Center (120 people), 40 people were selected as volunteers and Were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The research variables were measured 24 hours before and 48 hours after the exercises. Also, the experimental group performed rehabilitation exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 45-60 minutes. Research variables were assessed using a heart rate monitor, hand barometer and blood sampling. Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Shapirovilk and independent t-tests were used using SPSS software at a significance level of p <0.05 for statistical analysis of data.

Before comparing the results of the two groups, the data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test to determine the normal distribution, which showed that the data distribution is normal. Also, according to the assumption of equality of variances based on Levin test, the first row of t-test table was used, which showed that 8 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation has a significant effect on hemodynamic parameters and blood lipid profile of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients.

The results of this study showed that eight weeks of cardiovascular rehabilitation has an effect on hemodynamic parameters and blood lipid profile in men 55 to 70 years old by bypass surgery. Coronary artery surgery for the elderly is now safer than ever before, owing to modern surgical techniques and pharmacological breakthroughs. Despite magnified perioperative and postoperative dangers, symptom relief occurs in most patients. Long‐term survival and quality of life are also preserved or enhanced in the majority. Clinicians must understand the normal physiological changes associated with ageing in order to construct a risk–benefit analysis that is specifically tailored to each patient. This analysis should take into account a patient's life expectancy and quality of life both before and after a procedure, and not just age alone. Discrepancies between chronological age and biological age must be dealt with. Further, the physician is expected to anticipate end‐of‐life issues and the potential need for rehabilitation or nursing home placement in the early postoperative period. Most important among all is that these issues must be discussed with the patients and their families. Hence, it is up to the patient and the clinician to explore the potential benefits of an improved quality of living with the attendant risks of the procedure versus alternative treatment. Advanced age alone should not be a deterrent for coronary artery bypass surgery if it has been determined that these benefits outweigh the potential risk. In this study, the findings showed that due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the country and the high per capita consumption of drugs and its high costs and the high importance of cardiovascular rehabilitation in reducing cardiovascular risk factors and secondary prevention and reduction Re-stroke in heart patients, including coronary artery bypass grafting, more attention to the issue of cardiac rehabilitation and the establishment of clinics and centers in this regard is necessary. It is hoped that using the results of this study, a clear view on the importance of the impact of these programs on officials and experts to pay more attention to these programs. However, lack of access to all members of society, lack of control over hereditary and psychological characteristics and lack of control over the economic and social conditions of the subjects are some of the limitations of the present study that may affect the results of the study.

Although the role of exercise and royal jelly in the health of Alzheimer’s patients has been reported, the interaction effect of these two variables on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is still not well understood. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the interactive effect of positive slope running (PSR) and negative slope running (NSR) with royal jelly on SOD and GPx concentrations in a trimethyltin (TMT) Alzheimer’s animal model. In this experimental trial, 49 rats in the age range of 8-10 weeks, weighing 190-220 g, Alzheimer’s with 8 mg/kg TMT were assigned into seven groups including group one: TMT, group two: sham, group three: Royal jelly, group four: positive slope, group five: negative slope, group six: royal jelly + positive slope and group seven: Royal jelly + negative slope. Moreover, to investigate the effect of Alzheimer’s induction on the research variables, seven healthy rats were included in the healthy control group following the positive slope and negative slope exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session ran for 60 minutes on a positive 15 and negative 15 slope on the treadmill. Besides, 100 mg/kg of royal jelly was peripherally injected into rats daily. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc test and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS 22 software were used to analyze the data (p ≤ 0.05). Negative slope increased SOD and GPx in hippocampal tissue of AD rats. PSR and royal jelly increased GPx. Positive slope and royal jelly and negative slope and royal jelly groups had a significant effect on increasing SOD and GPx. Positive and negative slopes and royal jelly seem to improve antioxidant defense; furthermore, the interaction of positive slope and royal jelly and the interaction of negative slope and royal jelly are more desirable than the effect of each alone.