rasoul rezaei

Monocarboxylate transporters type 2 and 4 (MCT2 and MCT4) levels are high in brain tissue, which can be useful in postponing fatigue during exercise by transporting lactate in the brain.Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of two types of aerobic exercise with different intensities on the amounts of MCT2 and MCT4 in the cortex and striatum of healthy and stroke Wistar rats models.

In the present research 60 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into ten groups of control and healthy moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) of  24 and 72-hour stroke (6 rats in each group). The MICT and HIIT protocol consisted of three parts: warm-up, main exercise and cool-down. The training period lasted for 4 weeks, 5 sessions per week and each session lasted 32 minutes. The MICT protocol was performed at an intensity corresponding to 70% of the maximum speed and the HIIT protocol at an intensity of 85-90% of the maximum speed. Stroke was induced by blocking the carotid artery. The content of MCT2 and MCT4 was measured by Western blot technique in the cortex and striatum of the brain. Data analysis were performed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests in SPSS software version 29 and GraphPad Prism version 2.2.10 at a significance level of p≤0.05.

Significant differences in the content of cortical tissue MCT2 (p=0.59)  and the content of striatum tissue MCT2 (p=0.66) and MCT4 (p=0.22) were not found after four weeks of MICT and HIIT in healthy and stroke groups. However, MCT4 content in cortical tissue showed a significant difference after 72 hours of stroke (p<0.05). Tukey's post-hoc test for MCT4 content showed a significant difference between the 72-hour stroke HIIT groups compared to the 72-hour stroke MICT (p=0.02), 72-hour stroke control (p=0.04), 24-hour stroke HIIT (p=0.01), 24-hour stroke MICT (p=0.009), 24-hour stroke control (p=0.003), and MICT (p=0.02) groups.

It seems that MICT and HIIT do not have a significant effect on the content of MCT2 and MCT4 in the brain. However, in the cortical tissue, a significant difference was observed in the MCT4 of the HIIT group with a 72-hour stroke compared to the other groups, and this could indicate the withdrawal of lactate by the MCT4 72 hours after the stroke and recovery.

Cytokeratins, a family of intermediate filament proteins, are critical components of the cytoskeletal structure in epithelial cells. Among these, cytokeratin 20 (CK20) has garnered substantial attention as a potential biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) due to its role in distinguishing various subtypes of gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of CK20 and colorectal adenocarcinoma prognostic factors.

This cross-sectional study included 50 tissue blocks from patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Demographic and clinicopathological information was extracted from the patients’ pathology report and recorded in a checklist. Then CK20 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry.

The present study included 50 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, including 23 (46%) men and 27 (54%) women, with a mean age of 50 ± 11.2 years. Immunohistochemical expression of the CK20 marker was negative in 15 patients (30%), but 16 patients (32%) and 19 patients (38%) had focal and diffuse positive expression of this marker, respectively. In other words, the expression of this marker was positive in 40 patients (70%). Based on the results of the present study, a significant correlation between clinicopathological features such as tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymph node involvement with the expression of the CK20 marker was reported (P < 0.05).

In general, based on the results of the present study, there is a significant association between the expression of CK20 and clinicopathological factors, so it is possible to use the CK20 marker in determining the prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma, however, more studies with a larger sample size will be required in the future.

Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) represent a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in acquiring academic skills in one or more areas. These difficulties persist despite typical intelligence and sufficient access to educational resources. In 2021, a research study was conducted in Tabriz, Iran, with the objective of comparing visual-spatial performance, attention problems, and cognitive processing speed among male students with and without specific learning disabilities in writing. This research adopted a casual-comparative method, selecting two groups of 60 third-grade male students through purposive sampling. One group comprised students with diagnosed learning disabilities in writing, who were under the care of the Learning Disabilities Center. The other group consisted of typically developing students attending regular schools. Data collection involved the utilization of the Conners Neuropsychological Scale (2004), and data analysis employed a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The study's results revealed significant differences in attention-related problems, cognitive processing speed, and visual-spatial performance between students with learning disabilities in writing and their typically developing peers. These findings offer valuable insights for educators working with students facing learning disabilities and for psychologists involved in their care.

In this work, an easy method was employed to successfully develop La3+-doped ZnO nanoflowers and Guar-Gum (GG) modified screen printed electrode (La3+/ZnO/GG/SPE), and La3+/ZnO/GG/SPE was applied for the electrochemical detection of Ascorbic Acid (AA). The electrochemical methods, such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CHA), and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were used to evaluate the electrochemical performances toward ascorbic acid on the La3+/ZnO/GG/SPE. Good linear-ship was observed for ascorbic acid in the ranges of 1.0–700.0 μM, with the detection limits of 0.03 μM. Moreover, this sensor proved favorable to simultaneously determine ascorbic acid and acetaminophen. Finally, the modified electrode has fairly good performance during the employment of real sample analysis to determine the content of ascorbic acid. These results indicate that the La3+-doped ZnO nanoflowers are supposed to be a promising material in the electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid and acetaminophen in real samples.

The aim of This study was to design a special physical fitness test for Iran's ground forces. After designing the initial test pattern, its validity and reliability were assessed. Based on the initial model, according to military requirements, three physical fitness tests of Ranger, Armored and Pedestrian forces were designed and the validity of the tests were evaluated. independent t-test was used to determine the structural validity of the initial model of physical fitness test and Pearson correlation was use to determine validity and reliability of the tests.The result showed significant difference in tie of initial physical fitness test between newly enrolled military personnel and the trained military personnel (P≤0/ 043). and significant correlation between the twice times of the initial physical fitness test (r = 84%). The results showed significant correlation between the time of physical fitness test and physical fitness score in ranger (r = -53%), armored (r = -48%) and pedestrian forces (r = -65%). Conclusion The results showed, the primary model due to distinguish difference between newly enrolled personnel from trained has critical validity and due to the appropriate correlation between the two times has apropprate relibility. The results also showed that there is a good correlation and validity between the time of special physical fitness tests and the physical fitness score of Rangers, armored carriers and pedestrians personnel. Therefore becous of this result it seems provided tests have the ability to determine the special physical fitness of Rangers, armored carriers and pedestrians personnel.

The molecular mechanisms of the improvement of exercise on memory are in the aura of ambiguity.Therefore, the aim of this research was studying the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent swimming training (HIIST) on the biochemical factors of lipid metabolism and hippocampal memory function of male rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

The present study was experimental. 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: healthy (n=20) and high-fat HFD (n=20) groups. Rats in the HFD group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks with the aim of inducing NASH. After proving the disease in HFD group rats, the remaining rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy-sedentary (n=9), healthy-swimming (n=9), sedentary disease (n=9) and diseased-swimming (n=9). The exercise groups performed eight weeks of HIIST (three sessions/week, each session lasting 30 minutes). At the end, FNDC5 protein was evaluated by western blot method and brain hippocampal irisin and serum FFA by ELISA method. Memory performance was measured by the water Maz-Morris behavioral test. One-way ANOVA test was used to determine the difference between groups, and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between two groups (p<0.05).

The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the FNDC5 protein and irisin of the brain hippocampus and serum FFA and in memory function variables between the groups (p<0.05).

HIIST in NASH model can activate lipid metabolism in the hippocampus of the brain and improve memory function. However, more research is needed in this field.

Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication in the patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training on TGF-b1 and SMAD7 gene expression in kidney tissue of elderly diabetic male Wistar rats.

In this study, 36 male 21-month old Wistar rats, with the weight of 340 to 390 grams were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control, diabetes, and diabetes- training. The training group, performed high-intensity interval training five times per week for six weeks, healthy and diabetic control groups have not done any exercises. 24 hours after the last training session, rats were sacrificed and kidney tissues were extracted to examine TGF-b1 and SMAD7 genes expression by Real-Time PCR method. To determine the difference among the groups, one-way analysis of variance with Tukeys Post hoc test was used at the significant level of P<0.05. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 16.

The results showed that six weeks of high intensity interval training led to a significant decrease in TGF-b1 gene expression in kidney tissue compared to the diabetic group (P=0.001). In addition, a significant increase in SMAD7 gene expression in kidney tissue was observed in the diabetes- training group compared to the diabetes group (P=0.008).

According to the findings of the present study, it seems that high-intensity interval training can probably exert protective effects against nephropathy by reducing the expression of the TGF-b1gene and increasing the expression of the SMAD7 gene in kidney tissue. Because this research was conducted on elderly diabetic rats, it is suggested to check and confirm this training method in diabetic human models.

Inflammation in the brain is known as neuroinflammation and increases TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) secretion and activates the TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks preconditioning with high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and moderate intensity training (MICT) on TNF-α and TLR4 levels in male Wistar rats.

The current research was an experimental study.18 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: high intensity intermittent training (6 heads), continuous moderate intensity training (6 heads) and the control group (6 heads). HIIT program included 6 stages of 2-minute activity with intensity of 85-90% VO2max and 5 stages of active rest for 2 minutes and MICT program with intensity of 65% VO2max with the same duration as HIIT for 4 weeks and 5 days per week was implemented. 48 hours after the last training session, rats were dissected and cortical tissues and layers of mice were extracted for TNF-α and TLR-4 using western blotting. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05 With the help of SPSS version 16 software.

The results of the present study showed that TNF-α and TLR4 in the cortex and stratum cerebral areas after 4 weeks of high-intensity and moderate-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise did not change significantly compared to the control group (p≥0.05).

According to these findings, it can be stated that exercise with high or moderate intensity cannot be an effective factor in increasing inflammatory markers in the brain.

The mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating protein of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) acts as a major signaling pathway for controlling of mitochondrial metabolism. Meanwhile, a transcription factor namely nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is recognized that also associated with PGC1α activation, and it has been shown to some extent to the pathway of one of these two transcription factors can affect the other. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training a long with coenzyme Q10 supplementation on Nrf2 and PGC-1α levels in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

In this experimental study, 36 rats were randomly divided into six equal groups including resistance training, two resistance training and Q10 supplement (200 and 300 mg/kg/body weight), two supplement (200 and 300 mg/kg/body weight) and control group. The all supplements were applied as a gavage to the exercise-supplement and gavage supplement groups. Resistance training consisted of three sessions and five repetitions which were performed three days a week for eight weeks. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests at the significant level of p<0.05 were used to extract the results.

Nrf2 and PGC-1α expression increased significantly in resistance training and resistance training+supplement (200 mg/kg) groups (p<0001), while in resistance training group+supplement a dose of 300 mg/kg (p<0.07) and two groups of supplements (p<0.09) no significantly changes were observed.

Due to the additive effect of resistance training combined with Q10 supplementation (a dose of 200 mg/kg) in improving Nrf2 and PGC-1α; it can be considered as a effective method in mitochondrial biogenesis.

The purpose of this study is to design a model for academic evaluation without fraud and at the same time nurturing, based on the ideas of Hans Georg Gadamer and Benjamin Bloom. This research, which is a inferential analysis and a type of qualitative research, intends to provide a method that estimates the mission of education both in the days when education is online, based on Bloom's learning levels, and the occurrence of understanding in Gadamer's thought. Reduce the possibility of fraud by immigrants and academic evaluation as an important part of education, remains important and fundamental. At Bloom's cognitive levels, higher levels (such as the evaluation level) require both the question and the answer to the highest level of reflection. In Gadamer's thought, understanding as an event is not limited to recreation and occurs in a novel event as a result of one's reflective reflections with others. Based on these two theories and compatible combinations, a type of evaluation is defined that occurs at the highest level of thinking, reflection and creation, which is the main purpose of evaluation. In this view, the purpose of evaluation is not merely a pass, but a reason, a tool, and a technique for growth. The pattern is that the design and answer to the questions is done by the student and part of the score is allocated to the question design and the higher the level and reflection, the higher the score is received from this section. Higher level question design requires the designer to master the content and message of the text. With these all-encompassing descriptions, it is inevitable to ask such questions and ultimately find answers to them. According to the researcher, in this case, fraud is minimized and re-creation gives way to deep reflection, creation and study, which is the ultimate goal of education.

In this study, the effect of adding Bahar narang (Citrus aurantium) (400 ppm) and encapsulated Bahar narang extract (2000 ppm) and storage time (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) on chemical properties (pH, acidity, and dry matter) and total phenolic compounds, microbial and sensory properties (flavor and overall acceptance) of doogh were evaluated. The results showed that the amount of free and encapsulated Bahar narang extract had a significant effect on pH, acidity, phenolic compounds and the total count of mold and yeast (P< 0.05). As the increased the amount of free and encapsulated Bahar narang extract, the pH and phenolic compounds increased and the amount of acidity, mold and yeast decreased significantly (P> 0.05). Storage time also had a significant effect on all measurement factors (P< 0.05). Over time, the amount of phenolic compounds in the control sample and the sample containing free extract decreased and the count of mold and yeast in the control sample and treatment containing free extract increased, but in the sample of doogh containing encapsulated extract no mold and yeast were observed until the 21 day of storage. Phenolic compounds were also preserved until the last day of storage. The results of statistical analysis of sensory evaluation of doogh samples also showed that with the addition of Bahar narang extract, the flavor score and overall acceptance increased (P <0.05). The results indicate that the addition of Bahar narang extract increases the shelf life of doogh and improves its sensory properties.

Depending on the intensity and duration of activity, aerobic exercise leads to changes in hemodynamic factors and the hemostatic system in hypertensive patients, which can be expected to change if blood flow is restricted during exercise. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the response of some hemodynamic and coagulation indicators to aerobic exercise with and without blood flow restriction in hypertensive patients.

10 hypertensive patients participated in two sessions of aerobic exercise (five bouts, two minutes of exercise at a speed of four km / h /one minute of inactive recovery) with and without blood flow restriction in a cross-over design. Blood pressure was measured before, immediately, five, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after exercise. Platelet counts, Prothrombin Time and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time were taken before, immediately, 30 minutes and 24 hours after exercise. Heart rate and rate of perceived exertion were also measured at different times of exercise.

The effect of time was significant on all measured factors (P < 0.001) except platelet counts (P = 0.055), while the time-condition interaction was non-significant on other factors (P > 0.05) except heart rate (P = 0.011).

Based on the results, blood flow restriction increased hemodynamic factors and decreased clotting time in hypertensive patients, but the differences between aerobic exercise with and without blood flow restriction were not significant, so it seems that exercise with limited blood flow does not pose an additional risk on the cardiovascular system and coagulation factors of middle-aged people with hypertension.

Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an inducible transcription factor that improves redox balance through stimulating antioxidant gene expression.

Studies have shown that Nrf2 can be modulated by physical exercise. However, the impact of resistance training and coenzyme Q10 supplementation has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two months of resistance exercise and coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the expression of Nrf2 and NAD(P)quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in young male rats.

In this semi-experimental study, a total of 36 male and young Sprague Dawley rats (age: 8 weeks) were randomly assigned into six groups as follows: resistance training (RT), training and supplementation of 200 mg/kg of rat weight (RT + Q200), training and supplementation and 300 mg/kg (RT + Q300), supplementary group with the value of 200 mg/kg (Q200), supplementary group with the value of 300 mg/ kg (Q300), and control. The resistance training protocol consisted of three set of five repetitions of trained rats climbing a vertical ladder with an extra load attached to the tail, representing 30–100% of total body mass three times per week for eight weeks. The proteins levels of Nrf2 and NQO1 were measured by Western blotting technique. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and in case of statistically significant difference, Tukey’s post-hoc test were used to determine the difference between groups.

The results showed that the expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 levels changed in the groups after the end of the period. While the expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 significantly increased in the RT and RT + Q200 groups (P<0.001).

The results of present study showed that resistance training provides a beneficial adaptation to Nrf2 and NQO1 activity, which can be further enhanced by Q10 supplementation with antioxidant effects.

BDNF protein is the important neurotrophin that is involved in cognitive function. Diabetes can lead to impaired function and is a neurocognitive disorder's factor in hippocampus. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent training on BDNF levels in the brain hippocampus and cognitive function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

40 of Sprague-Dawn rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy inactive, non-healthy concurrent exercise, diabetic group without exercise, and diabetic concurrent exercise. Rats in the training groups performed concurrent training for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, subjects' memory was assessed using a cognitive function test in a water maze. BDNF levels in the hippocampus were measured by Western blotting. One-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used to analyze the data.

The present study showed that eight weeks of concurrent exercise resulted in a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar in the healthy exercise group compared to the diabetic group. A significant decrease in BDNF levels of the cerebral hippocampus was also observed in the diabetic exercise group compared to the diabetic group. In addition, the level of memory function in healthy exercise and diabetic exercise groups was significantly higher than healthy control and patient control.

Concurrent exercise reduces BDNF hippocampus and increased cognitive function in the exercise group compared to the control group. As a result, it can be said that this type of exercise is very effective in improving the complications of type 2 diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on the social skills of elementary school students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The study population in this study included all female elementary school students (945 subjects) aged 10-12 years in Malekan who were educating in the 2019-2020 academic year. The sample investigated in this study includes 30 female elementary school students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder in the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of elementary school, aged 10-12 years, who were selected through a purposive sampling method and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group (15 experimental subjects, 15 control subjects) who were assigned. The Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) by Spirafkin and Gado (1994) and the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) by Gersham and Elliott (1990) were used to collect data. The experimental group received emotion regulation training (8 one-hour sessions), and the control group received no intervention during this period. Data were analyzed using Covariance analysis. The results showed that emotion regulation training had an effect on all components of social skills including cooperation (P<0.005), assertiveness (P<0.001), and self-control (P<0.003) of elementary school girls with defiant disorder. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that emotion regulation training should be considered as one of the effective methods to improve social skills of students with oppositional defiant disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) of elderly women. To do so, 30 non-athlete women (age: 60 to 70, weight 72.34 ± 2.5 kg and BMI: 28.8 ± 4.07) participated in the study voluntarily and were randomly divided into three groups of control, water exercise with BFR and water exercise without BFR.  Both training groups performed aerobic exercises with water resistance (eight weeks, three days, one hour). Cuff pressure in the training group with BFR was 110 to 220 mm Hg. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first and after the last training session. Statistical test of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for data analysis. Findings of the study indicated that two training groups had a significant increase in BMD, IGF-1 and T-score compared to the control group (p≤ 0.05). There was significant increase in the amount of GH only in the BFR group compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Moreover, the result showed significant increases in BMD, GH, IGF-1 and T-score in water exercise with BFR group compared to the water exercise without BFR group (p≤ 0.05). The results of the study indicated water exercise improved the effect of anabolic factors to prevent decreasing bone density, in older women, but water exercise with BFR induced a more beneficial effect on BMD rather than water exercise without BFR. Therefore using water exercise with BFR is recommended for older women.

Using appropriate teaching methods can be effective in improving life skills. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training using Jigsaw teaching model on anger control skill to Promote Social Security among inmates of Tabriz prison.

The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group design. The statistical population of the study includes all prisoners in Tabriz prison in 2018. The sample of the study includes 96 prisoners of Tabriz prison (48 men and 48 women) who were selected by available sampling and randomly divided to Jig saw and traditional teaching experimental and control groups. Anger Control skill training content was implemented in traditional methods and reverse Jig Saw teaching pattern for six sessions on their experimental groups. The PACT Anger Control Skills Questionnaire was used to collect data in the pre-test and post-test stages. The obtained data were analyzed using analysis of covariance method.

The results showed that There are significant differences between Jig‌ ‌Saw teaching technique and traditional training groups in anger control skill and the Jigsaw method has had a more significant effect on anger management than the traditional method (p < 0.009). Booth Jig‌ -Saw teaching technique and traditional training had significant differences with Control group in anger control skill. (p < 0.001)

Both Jig‌ ‌Saw teaching technique and traditional training were effective in improving anger control skills, but the effectiveness of reverse Jig Saw teaching technique is more than traditional training. Therefore, this method can be used in educational and treatment programs for prisoners.

One of the causes of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disruption in old age is neurotropin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with nitric oxide (NO) inhibition on neurotrypsin levels of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) musles in elderly rats.

old Wistar male rats (n=36, 20 months old) were randomly divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) control-25 (with NO inhibition using L-NAME at a daily dose of 25mg/Kg), 3) control 100, 4) exercise-25, 5) exercise-100, and 6) exercise. The training groups were exercised progressively on a treadmill for eight weeks, five days a week for 60 minutes at a speed of 28 m/min. The soleus and EDL musles were removed 48 hours after the last session of exercise training,.

In both muscles, a significant decrease in neurotropin was observed in the control-25 and control-100 compared to the control group, in the exercise group compared to the control group, in the exercise-25 compared to the control-25, and in the exercise-100 compared to the control-100.

In summary, the aerobic exercise reduces neurotropin levels, even with inhibition of nNOS. Therefore, aerobic exercise with a decrease in neurotropin and possibly a compensatory effect on increasing NO production in old age can play a role in maintain NMJ and delaying sarcopenia due to destabilization of the NMJ.

The cooling supply chain, due to its high energy consumption and refrigerant emissions, has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and is one of the largest carbon emitters. In the cold supply chain, products should be stored at low and near or below freezing points. For this purpose, refrigerated warehouses and refrigerated trucks are essential. Therefore, this research aims to design a linear multi-objective decision-making model for supply chain management Which aims to reduce the overall supply chain cost, including the cost of capacity, transportation, inventory as well as costs associated with the effects of global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. To analyze the research problem, a mathematical model for optimizing the supply chain has been designed and genetic algorithm has been used to solve this problem. The results of the first function test indicate that the model is high in the number of customers, and when the distributor's number is equal to the number of producers, the best one is possible. The second function analysis concludes that reducing the restoration time of the facility is effective in minimizing the first function, reducing costs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, according to the stated contents and the results obtained in this research, it can be pointed out that by optimizing the vehicles and also the proper use of the optimal number of means of transport, it can be expected that the pollution and proliferation of gases The greenhouse is at least possible.

The aim of This study was to design a special physical fitness test for Iran's ground forces.

After designing the initial test pattern, its validity and reliability were assessed. Based on the initial model, according to military requirements, three physical fitness tests of Ranger, Armored and Pedestrian forces were designed and the validity of the tests were evaluated. independent t-test was used to determine the structural validity of the initial model of physical fitness test and Pearson correlation was use to determine validity and reliability of the tests.

The result showed significant difference in tie of initial physical fitness test between newly enrolled military personnel and the trained military personnel (P≤ 0.043). and significant correlation between the twice times of the initial physical fitness test (r = 0.84). The results showed significant correlation between the time of physical fitness test and physical fitness score in ranger (r = -0.53), armored (r = -0.48) and pedestrian forces  (r = -0.65).

The results showed, the primary model due to distinguish difference between newly enrolled personnel from trained has critical validity and due to the appropriate correlation between the two times has apropprate relibility. The results also showed that there is a good correlation and validity between the time of special physical fitness tests and the physical fitness score of Rangers, armored carriers and pedestrians personnel. Therefore becous of this result it seems provided tests have the ability to determine the special physical fitness of Rangers, armored carriers and pedestrians personnel.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of concentrate premixes containing of by-pass proteins (BP) in balanced low protein diets for essential amino acids on performance, blood metabolites and nitrogen efficiency of lactation Holstein dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (in 3rd parity and DIM 80±10) randomly were divided to three experimental rations including, 1) control ration with 17.5% CP based on NRC 2001 recommendations, 2) Low protein ration containing concentrate premix with 16.5% CP and 3) Low protein ration containing concentrate premix with 15.5% CP. The ratio of the rumen undegradable protein (RUP) to rumen degradable protein (RDP) in experimental diets was 37:63 and the ratio lysine to methionine was adjusted by concentrate premix up to 3:1 and 2.8:1 in the diet 16.5% and 15.5% CP, respectively. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) increased linearly with a reduction of CP in the diets (P=0.048). The highest 3.5% fat corrected milk yield (FCM) and energy corrected milk (ECM) was recorded for 16.5% CP diet that showed a significant difference than other groups (P=0.038). Milk protein yield and milk nitrogen efficiency (MNE) showed significantl difference between control and 16% CP diets (P=0.05 and P=0.03, respectively). This study showed that decreased in CP levels compared to recommended NRC values (2001), and providing an optimal ratio of limiting amino acids can increase nitrogen yield while maintaining production.

Bread wheat is the most important crop in the world whose yield is affected by several diseases including bacterial leaf blight. The most appropriate method for managing this disease is using resistant cultivars. DNA markers are highly effective in plant grouping in terms of resistance to diseases, and among these markers, the ISSR marker is recommended because of the do not need for prior information from the DNA sequencing and its easy and fast implementation. In this research, genetic variation of 27 Iranian indigenous wheat cultivars with respect to resistance to bacterial blight was investigated using 12 ISSR primers, which produced 170 evaluable bands, of which 156 were polymorphic bands. The highest percentage of polymorphic bands was belonged to F7, F8 and F10 primers, and the lowest of it was related to F9 primer. The highest content of the polymorphism information content (PIC) was belonged to the F10 and F5 primers and the smallest value belonged to the F7 primer. Cluster analysis classified these cultivars into four groups: Ghods, Omid and Atrak cultivars in the cluster of resistant group and other cultivars in sensitive and very sensitive group. The high polymorphism obtained in this study can be attributed to the high efficiency of the ISSR marker in evaluating the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars in terms of resistance to various diseases..

Pre-conditioning with physical activities reduces brain injuries caused by stroke. However, the effect of aerobic continuous and interval training on memory has not been measured after stroke. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks continuous and High intensity interval training before stroke on spatial memory and hippocampus BDNF levels in wistar rat brain. For this purpose, seventy-five 12-weeks-old wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups including Control (N=25), Moderate continuous training (N=25) and High intensity interval training (N=25) to do the moderate continuous (5 sessions per week) and the high-intensity interval (3 sessions per week) for six weeks. The acquisition of spatial memory was done for 3 days after 48 hours after the last training session and the surgery of cerebral ischemia was conducted after 24 hours. Then spatial memory test was taken after seven days later. Immediately after test, animals were anesthetized for measuring hippocampus BDNF levels. ANOVA results revealed MCT decrees destruction in memory and learning (P = 0.0002). In addition, Kruskal-Wallis statistical test indicated, that MCT increased the BDNF levels in the hippocampus rather than HIIT (P = 0.02). Moderate intensity continuous training plays a significant effect on preventing memory loss, learning, and the BDNF amount of hippocampus after brain stroke. Indeed, MCT can reduce brain tissue injuries that are cause of the brain stroke.

The purpose of this investigation is to compare and study the effect of learning by physic concepts method and traditional method on student’s Mathematic Academic motivation. The method of study was semi-experimental and the sample contains two groups of 31 students from the college grade in Tabriz 4th Education Office were selected and studied after random Replacement in two groups (learning by physic concepts method and traditional method). In the process of implementation, In Mathematics Education classroom, first group was subjected to learning by physic concepts method, And the second group was trained in the same traditional method. Covariance analysis method results show significant difference between two learning methods in effect two classes students’ Academic motivation in all components (Self-Esteem, Internal motivation and insert). The Students that trained in the physic concepts method showed higher academic motivation. Covariance analysis method results show significant difference between two learning methods in effect two classes students’ Academic motivation in all components (Self-Esteem, Internal motivation and insert). The Students that trained in the physic concepts method showed higher academic motivation.