s. heydari

Incorporation of bentonite into the diets of ruminants can be helpful to maximize their performance. Modifying the structure of bentonite to nano and nanocomposite has improved their chemical stability and physicochemical properties, enhancing adsorption, absorption, and cation exchange capacity.

This study aimed to assess the effect of magnetic bentonite nanocomposite (MBNC) on in vivo and in vitro fermentation process patterns, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of Baluchi male lambs.

Effects of control (basal diet), natural bentonite (NB) (10 g/kg dry matter (DM)), processed bentonite (PB) (5 and 10 g/kg DM basal diet), and MBNC (5 and 10 g/kg DM basal diet) on gas production (GP), and the fermentation process were determined using in vitro GP technique. For the in vivo experiment, 20 Baluchi male lambs were used with 4 experimental treatments: control, NB (5 g/kg DM), PB (5 g/kg DM), and MBNC (5 g/kg DM) and 5 replications in a completely randomized design for 60 consecutive days.

The potential for GP and its fractional rates were significantly decreased and increased in MBNC, respectively (P<0.01). The lowest cumulative GP, and CH4 yield were observed in MBNC (P<0.05). In vitro, DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility and all fermentation parameters increased with the addition of two levels of MBNC to the culture medium (P<0.01). Except for feed conversion ratio (FCR), other growth performance parameters increased with the addition of MBNC to the diet (P<0.01). The ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, and propionate significantly increased when MBNC incorporated to the diet (P<0.01). The NH3-N (P<0.001) was significantly decreased in MBNC. The bentonite supplementation decreased acetate to propionate (P=0.001) compared to the control.

Adding MBNC at the 5 g/kg diet DM level can be used as a useful supplement to optimize rumen fermentation pattern, reduce methane production, and increase lamb performance.

Contact tracing is a critical method to control the spread of SARS-COV-2 and intervention and feasible control of the pandemic. This is the key strategy for breaking the outbreak transmission and reducing the mortality associated with the pandemic. Contact tracing includes the processes of identifying, assessing, and managing people who have been exposed to SARS-COV-2 and prevention of COVID-19  onward transmission. In this investigation, 4500 confirmed SARS-COV-2 patients and their contacts in different areas of Jiroft city (City of the Kerman province), and all the data from contact tracing was analyzed.

This longitudinal study was conducted from February to October 2020. We reported contacts of 4500 COVID-19 index patients in different areas of Jiroft city. All the data from contact tracing were analyzed.

The widespread transmission of SARS-COV-2 and guide the public health response of the contacts are related to household contacts, and most non-household contacts are related to contacts with colleagues and friends.

Most contacts are related to non-household contacts, and most of the non-household contacts are related to contacts with colleagues and friends. Personal hygiene and social distancing are critical points for the prevention of COVID-19.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer within the Iranian women, which its prevalence and mortality have increased in recent years. Previous studies have shown that various nutrients can affect breast cancer recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between fructose, sucrose and soluble and insoluble fibers and serum levels of leptin and neuropeptide Y in breast cancer survivors in Tehran, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 145 female breast cancer survivors (age group of 18–70 years) were selected. General information, physical activity and food intake were assessed using general information questionnaire, MET 14-item questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire, respectively. Blood samples were collected from participants after 12 h of fasting and serum leptin and neuropeptide Y concentrations were assessed using immunoassay.

The highest tertile of leptin was linked to high weight (p = 0.003), body mass index (p = 0.000), waist circumference (p = 0.005), fat mass percentage (p = 0.000) and visceral fat (p = 0.000). In contrast, patients in this tertile included lower height (p = 0.02) and muscle mass (p = 0.008). After modulating effects of confounders, no significant relationships were reported between sucrose, fructose and soluble and insoluble fibers with serum leptin and neuropeptide Y concentrations.

Consumption of sucrose, fructose and soluble and insoluble fibers was not significantly associated to serum levels of leptin and neuropeptide Y in breast cancer survivors.

In this paper, a facile and eco-friendly method for the preparation of Ni nanoparticles (Ni NPs) has been described based on the bioreduction of aqueous Ni(II) precursors with Phlomis cancellata Bunge extract. UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing Ni nanoparticles showed a peak of 390 nm. Since the experimental conditions of this procedure play vital roles in the synthesis rate of the NPs, a response surface methodology using the central composite design was employed for testing the reaction variables. The individual and interactive effects of process variables (temperature, time, concentration of Ni(NO3)2 and pH) upon extracellular biological synthesis of Ni NPs by Phlomis cancellata Bunge were studied. The statistical and perturbation plot analysis suggest that a reaction temperature of 90 °C, duration of 30 min., pH of 9.5 and concentration of 26 mM of Ni(NO3)2 would produce the highest amount of nanoparticles. The NPs were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-Visible, and Infrared spectroscopy (IR). The SEM image of Ni NPs showed that the particle shape varied from spherical to polyhedral and ranged between 15 to 25 nm in size. These Ni NPs were studied for their potential role in photocatalytic degradation of safranin dye under solar light irradiation. At optimized conditions, up to 90% safranin dye degradation was achieved.

Despite the popularity of ice cream, its high content of sugar and fat is worrisome. Substituting sugar with natural and useful resources is one possible solution. Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are rich in carbohydrates and are a good source of energy; they also have a large amount of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ice cream sugar replacement with date products.

Accordingly, four ice cream samples with different sweeteners including 1) sucrose (as a control), 2) date pulp + sucrose, 3) date liquid sugar, and 4) sucrose + date liquid sugar, were produced. Total phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activities of dates and their effects on physicochemical and sensory properties of ice cream were investigated.

A large amount of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin was found in the ice cream contained date pulp and liquid sugar, which enhanced the reducing power and antioxidant effect of it. The overrun and density of an ice cream did not change with sugar replacement. Total substitution of sucrose by date liquid sugar, increased the titratable acidity, viscosity, and antioxidant properties of ice cream, but it was found to have some negative effects on the organoleptically score of color. However, the partial replacement of granular sugar with date pulp/liquid sugar, improved the antioxidant value of this dairy dessert without any change in its color.

It seems that the addition of date pulp to an ice cream, not only maintain the quality and sensory properties of an ice cream, but also provides an antioxidant property.

In this paper, linear model of vehicle suspension accomplished by PID controller has been used to train the ANFIS system, which is instructed online using the PID controller output error and following the training, the PID controller leaves the loop and then the Adaptive Neural – Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) takes the responsibility of controlling the system by itself. In case of the alteration of the controlled system parameters, the controller will be re-entered the loop and the network will be re-trained using the new error.An important feature of this technique is that it does not require mathematical model of system components such as actuator, spring, shock absorber, all of which are nonlinear; Jacobian system is not required as well. Finally the functional outputs of the controller (ANFIS) which is trained with the usage of a PID controller is compared with a pure proportional-derivative controller. The results show that the controller has been well designed to meet the wished objectives.

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens with many virulence factors playing a major role in its pathogenesis. The aims of this study were to detect spvA، int2 and invC virulence genes of different Salmonella serotypes isolated from various clinical animal and human sources، and to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns among these serotypes. Using a PCR assay، a total of 64 Salmonella isolates were evaluated for the presence of virulence genes. Results revealed that spvA، int2 and invC genes were found in 65. 6%، 39. 1%، and 76. 6% of the Salmonella isolates، respectively. Seven different serotypes were differentiated according to the specific antisera. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics (31. 25%)، Amikacin (84. 4%)، Co-Amoxiclav (81. 2%)، Cefepime (73. 4%)، Ceftizoxime (76. 6%)، Ceftriaxone (60. 9%)، Meropenem (50%)، Norfloxacin (82. 8%)، and Piperacillin (75%). SpvA is a plasmid gene and the int2 gene has been identified on mobile elements. In addition، the chromosomal invC gene is associated with type III secretion systems (TTSS; not present in all Salmonellae). Hence، the detection of these genes could be used to identify the Salmonella genus. High prevalence of int2 and spvA genes was also observed in multidrug resistance Salmonella isolates which might play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in multidrug resistance (MDR) Salmonella isolates.