sara bagheri

Professors in universities and educational institutions hold a crucial role in crafting educational approaches utilizing cutting-edge technologies. They need to possess significant expertise in e-learning and tackle the obstacles associated with delivering education and utilizing Information and communication technologies within higher education. To effectively navigate these challenges and adaptations, professors need to equip themselves with new educational techniques through training and readiness to adeptly incorporate emerging technologies into their teaching practices, thus enhancing the educational journey for students. By identifying, understanding, and ranking professors' requirements and preferences, effective and diverse educational initiatives can be tailored to meet their needs.

This research aimed to recognize the educational needs of medical science professors in the field of e-learning from the experts' point of view and prioritize these needs utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

This practical study was conducted in 2022 using a process-oriented approach and AHP. The main stages included the creation of a hierarchical structure, comparative judgment, and determining priorities. In the first step, 13 criteria were identified, which were derived from scientific articles and previous research. In the second step, the pairwise comparison matrix was used for comparative judgment, and the weight of each criterion was calculated. The third step involved determining priorities based on the weight of each criterion and the inconsistency ratio. The participants of this study included professors of basic and clinical sciences from different faculties.

The results of this study demonstrated that from the point of view of experts and participants, among the 13 criteria, the skills of virtual teaching (with weights of 0.146 and 0.148), electronic content production (with weights of 0.093 and 0.092), and holding online training courses (with the weights of 0.092 and 0.100) formed the three main needs of medical science professors in the field of e-learning and had the highest degree of importance and necessity compared to other criteria.

Identifying the educational needs of medical science professors for organizing and designing necessary programs to enhance knowledge, skills, and empowerment will lead to improving the quality of e-learning, and eventually, reducing professors’ concerns in this area.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of locus control and emotional support in students' sports participation motivation. To achieve this, 100 boys, with an average age of 13.2±1.2 years, voluntarily participated in this research with parental consent. Using G-power software, a statistical power of 0.80, an alpha level of 0.05, and an effect size of 0.15, two predictor variables were considered. The students completed Gill et al.'s (1983) sports participation motivation questionnaire, teacher affective support Questionnaire (Sakiz, 2007), and Rutter's locus of control questionnaire. Data were analyzis with Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that locus control and teacher emotional support play a significant role in motivating students' sports participation (P<0.001). Locus control and emotional support together explain 49% of the variance in students' sports participation motivation. Increasing external locus control decreases students' motivation for sports participation, while increasing emotional support enhances it. Teachers and administrators can boost emotional support for students' sports participation and should consider personality differences related to internal and external locus of control.

 The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Bowen family systems therapy and couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems on marital intimacy and family functions in couples attending counseling centers in Mahshahr county.

 This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The population of this study consisted of all couples who referred to counseling centers in Mahshahr city due to marital problems. Out of the population, 30 couples were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to three groups. The instruments used in this study were Bowen family systems therapy, couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems, the Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (2006), and the Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishop (1983) Family Functioning Questionnaire. Data processing was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics (covariance analysis).

 The results showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in the variables of marital intimacy and family function. This means that Bowen family systems therapy and couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems have a significant effect on these variables.

 Bowen family systems therapy and couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems did not differ in their effectiveness on marital intimacy and family functions.

Regarding the urgent needs of students for an efficient teaching methodology, it is necessary to use self-directed and self-centered teaching methods that encourage the power of reasoning and judgment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using the game-based Appendectomy Surgical Simulation software on the academic achievement of undergraduate operating room students in Khomein, Iran.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Forty undergraduate operating room students who were in the second semester of the first year of the operating room undergraduate program participated in this quasi-experimental single-blind study. The participants were assigned randomly to the control and intervention groups after their consent was obtained. Following the use of the game-based Appendectomy Surgical Simulation software for the intervention group and lecture-based classes on a specific academic learning software for the control group, the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire concerning academic achievement, whose validity and reliability were approved. The data were then analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests in IBM SPSS (version 22) at a significance level of P<0.05.

The average score of academic achievement was significantly higher in the intervention group (58.35±2.38) than in the control group (35.65±4.14) (P<0.05).

Using the game-based Appendectomy Surgical Simulation software has been effective in improving the academic achievement of students during the COVID-19 pandemic and afterward. Therefore, it can be used in academic and educational programs.

The purpose of this research was investigating the effect of handball nonlinear pedagogy on motor creativity of Robat-Karim female students. In this research, first, 30sixth grade students (experimental and control groups) were selected by available sampling strategy, but unfortunately, with the spread of Covid-19 and increasing concern of parents about their children getting sick, many subjects were withdrawn, and only 8people (11-12 years old) remained. The research method was semi-experimental and practical in terms of purpose, which was carried out using a pre test-post test design. The research tool was Burch's motor creativity test including 4stations (throwing, balancing, locomotion and carrying the hulahoop). The research subjects were beginners and had no experience playing handball. In order to familiarize with the basic handball skills, they were trained for 8weeks, 2sessions per week, and each session 60 minutes. Then they entered the nonlinear pedagogy process and played handball for 8weeks, 2sessions per week, and each session 60 minutes, using the principles of small sided games (changeing the number of players). The results of Wilcoxon, MANOVA and univariate ANOVA with repeated measures showed that nonlinear pedagogy has no significant effect on the motor creativity. In fact, the nonlinear approach could not provide a dynamic context for direct perception and developing motor creativity in changing conditions. In other hand, this approach has been affected by subject staying at home, becoming inactive, and the dropping out, and it is suggested that other constrains are also Interfered and their effect on students' motor creativity is studied.

Taking many antiepileptic drugs such as sodium valproate during pregnancy has harmful and teratogenic effects. Therefore, the present study was performed with aim to compare the effect of sodium valproate and the less dangerous drug citronellol on the level of three variables for the diagnosis of nervous system abnormalities in mother and fetus.

In this experimental study, which was performed in 2019, eighteen adult female Wistar rats (200-220 g, 10 to 12 weeks) were divided into 3 groups of 6 including control, experimental 1 (receiving sodium valproate, 400 mg/kg) and experimental 2 (receiving citronellol, 400 mg/kg). Female rats were mated with male rats. After confirming pregnancy (vaginal plaque and vaginal smear), they intraperitoneally received sodium valproate and citronellol intraperitoneally on days 7, 8, 9 and 10 of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy, maternal serum, fetal serum, and amniotic fluid were sampled and free estriol, chorionic gonadotropin, and alpha phytoprotein were measured by ELISA method. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 21) and ANOVA and Duncan's test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The mean concentration of estriol, chorionic gonadotropin and alpha phytoprotein in maternal serum, fetal serum and amniotic fluid in citronellol group did not show any significant difference compared to the control group (p>0.05). However, in sodium valproate group, a significant decrease in the level of estriol and placental gonadotropin and a significant increase in alpha phytoprotein in maternal serum, fetal serum, and amniotic fluid were observed compared to the control and experimental groups 2 (p<0.05).

Citronellol as an antiepileptic drug with less side effects and greater safety can be used during pregnancy.

Psychological factors such as self-talk play a role in skill improvement. The aim of this study was to compare Instructional and motivational self-talk on performance and learning of basic handball skills in Karaj female students. The present study was applied with research design pre-test, post-test and a control group and used the wall-pass and penalty throw tests in handball. The research samples consisted of 60 female high school students in Karaj (13-18 years old). Sampling was availability and samples divided into three groups randomly: Instructional self-talk, motivational self-talk and control. Subjects performed basic skills for six weeks, three sessions per week and 45 minutes per session, in three blocks and each block containing 10 trails. Before performing the task, the subjects in the Instructional self-talk group used "straight body" and "straight elbow" for throwing and "pay attention" and "see your teammate" for pass, and in the motivational self-talk group used "now" for pass and "firm" for throw. The results of intragroup repeated measures analysis variance, MANOVA and one-way ANOVA showed that Instructional and motivational self-talk in compare with the control group, had a significant effect on performance and learning of basic handball skills (P≤05) But there is no significant difference between two experimental groups (P>0.05). Self-talk, regardless of its kinds, has a facilitating effect on motivation and, consequently, performance by changing the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. Thus, self-talk can motivate key elements of the skill pattern and improve skills by drawing subject attention to the relevant task.

Positive social climate can influence academic performance, satisfactory cognitive and emotional results, and higher sport commitment. However, the social climate within the physical education class has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the impact of social climate within the physical education class on the participation of children in physical activities, considering the mediating role of perceived relatedness.
This study followed a descriptive-correlational method. 384 children (192 girls) attending regular primary schools participated voluntarily in this study. Mean age of participants was 10.37 ± 1.07 years-old. Standard questionnaires were used to measure the research variables. Data was analyzed by the use of Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, and structural equation modeling.
Level of physical activity among children was almost low (2.10±1.09). In addition, boys had significantly higher amounts of physical activity than girls (t=-5.167, P<0.001). Social climate in the physical education class had significant effects on the participation of children in physical activity (T=6.366). Also, perceived relatedness support was revealed to significantly affect physical activity (T=5.947). In addition, perceived relatedness support significantly mediated the association between social climate and physical activity (P<0.001).
Social climate, relatedness support, and physical activity are critical concerns for children. Thus, there is a need to make a social and supportive climate in the physical education class. This can be achieved by increasing the quality of contacts and friendship among students.

Micro and nanoplastic pollution is not only a threat to marine organisms and ecosystems, but also a threat to humans. The consequences of acute and chronic exposure are not yet fully understood. In this review, we have collected recent results on the effects of micro- and nanoplastics on different fish species, including brackish and freshwater. In this model, insights into the risks of plastic particle toxicity for Organisms' health is presented with a focus on long-term exposure to different levels of biological complexity in different tissues and organs. Current scientific evidence shows that the toxicity of plastic particles depends not only on factors such as particle size, concentration, exposure time, shape and type of polymer, but also on other factors such as the type of species, which complicates this issue. In this study, we have examined the possible routes of entry of these particles into the body of fish, as well as the different effects on different tissues in aquatic animals, which indicate negative and destructive effects on different parts of the aquatic body. It can provide useful information for further research as well as background for effects on different tissues in aquatic life.

A drug brochure or Patient Package Insert (PPI) is a sheet of paper in drug package that provides necessary information for effective and afe use of drugs. PPIs are among the main sources of drug information for general public, so, they should be clear and comprehensible. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of pharmacists about PPIs in Iranian drug packages. 

In this cross-sectional study, 203 pharmacists working in pharmacies affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were selected via random sampling. The attitudes of pharmacists about drug brochures in Iranian drug packages were assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire. Content validity of the scale was confirmed and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha in Excel 2013.

In this study, 76.5% of pharmacists believed that physicians rarely ask about the contents of PPIs. Also, only 7% of pharmacists reported mistakes in PPIs to pharmaceutical technicians and experts. Findings showed that 69.8% found that the information in Iranian PPIs do not have a considerable effect on enhancing their knowledge.

According to this study, pharmacists believed that the PPIs were not helpful in terms of size and font of contents, enhancing pharmacists’ knowledge and caused more fear about drugs’ side effects. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken by food and drug administration when preparing PPIs to improve the contents of PPIs.

Pharmacy students as future leaders of the pharmaceutical system must acquire different necessary skills through an interdisciplinary approach and pre-exposure to real challenges. To empower pharmacy students, a three-phase short-term elective course has been designed, conducted, and evaluated. The primary objectives of the course were outlined by needs assessment. The course was designed based on Harden’s 10-steps course planning. The content of the curriculum and educational strategies were determined through nominal group technique. The Delphi method has been used to decide on the methods of delivering the content in the course. The education process was problem-based and based on active learning. In addition, working in small groups and role-play were also used. Finally, the efficacy of the course was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated by the Kirkpatrick model and semi-structured interviews. Based on Kirkpatrick’s assessment criteria participants’ performance was statistically significant (p0.001) compared to the control group. The qualitative evaluation also showed results in line with course objectives. Various courses with content similar to some degree to this course are held in different places. However, a small number of reports exist about their design, conduction, and evaluation process. Therefore, we tried to scientifically evaluate our course. Our study suggests that courses with interdisciplinary and leadership approach using active learning methods can be enjoyable for learners, in addition to qualifying participants for various pharmaceutical job opportunities such as non-clinical, academic, and governmental positions, accompanied by improvements in their level of judgment and performance.

Rope jumping enhance coordination and doing joint rope jumping successfully requires precise temporal and spatial coordination. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics parameters in rope jumping plan and prediction of interpersonal coordination among elite players. In the applied research, 12 rope jumping available elite girls (13-18 years) were subjects of it. The participants practiced the different rope jumping tasks (individual and joint rope jumping in different distances with online landing) for one month, until they could do them properly and without online feedback (Seeing or hearing each other). The researcher used a Vicon motion analysis device with six infrared cameras capable of 120 frames per seconds to record three- dimensional movements of the legs and rope whirling. The results of one- way ANOVA showed that with enough practice, even in the absence of feedback, hand-foot deviation time and timing variation in rope whirling of joint groups reached an equal level while their movement time, jump height and Landing Position showed a significant difference. The rope jumping, angular momentum and body vertical displacement are combined. In the other hand, placing and timing are important. So increasing difficulty and demand of joint task, amount of intra and interpersonal coordination will increase and coupling and anticipation power varied depending on joint and individual task constraints.

The presence of mental problems and illnesses during pregnancy, in addition to the pregnant woman, also has a negative effect on the fetus and the prevalence of depression during pregnancy is higher than the general female population. Therefore, present research aimed to determining the relationship between rumination and experiential avoidance with depression during pregnancy.

This study was descriptive from type of correlation. The study population was depressed pregnant women referred to Yas Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019 year. Number of 150 people after reviewing the inclusion criteria to research was selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected with questionnaires of Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow rumination, Bond & et al experiential avoidance and Cox & et al depression during pregnancy and were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model with using SPSS-21 software.

The findings showed that rumination (r=0.472) and experiential avoidance (r=0.424) had a positive and significant relationship with depression during pregnancy. Also, the variables of rumination and experiential avoidance were able to explain 28.1% of the changes of depression during pregnancy that the share of rumination was more than experimental avoidance (P<0.01).

According to the results, rumination and experimental avoidance had an effective role in predicting depression during pregnancy. Therefore, planning to reduce rumination and experience avoidance in pregnant women through workshops is essential to reduce depression during pregnancy.

Coordination depends on online performance, and online feedback supports the successful coordination of individuals in joint implementations.

A specific purpose for the research was investigating temporal and spatial parameters in interpersonal coordination.

An applied research was done as a single-stage case study with 14 jumping rope elite boys (13-18 years). The subjects practiced the jumping rope tasks for 8 months so that they could do them properly and without online feedback. This study used a Vicon motion analysis device with six infrared cameras capable to record three-dimensional movements of the legs and rope whirling.

The results of one-way ANOVA showed that with enough practice, even in the absence of feedback, landing position (spatial parameter) and hand-foot time deviation, timing variation in rope whirling, and landing time (temporal parameter) of joint groups will reach an equal level while a significant difference was observed in jump height (spatial parameter) and movement time (temporal parameter) between individuals (P≤0.05).

So, increasing task difficulty, amount and sustainability of inter-personal coordination will increase. Increasing joint task demands, amount and sustainability of interpersonal coordination will increase, and joining individualchr('39')s power will be changed according to individual and joint tasks constraints.

 

Depression during pregnancy may lead to reduced self–care ability, inadequate nutrition, postpartum depression, and irregular pregnancy examinations. Depression during pregnancy has numerous adverse psychological consequences, including rumination for the mother; thus, it is necessary to identify its related factors. Rumination means repetitive and passive mental engagement with a subject that increases the odds of psychopathology symptoms and causes or increases the mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Maternal–Fetal attachment and the quality of married life may be associated with rumination in pregnant women with nonclinical depression. Maternal–Fetal attachment gives meaning to the emotional and intimate bond of the pregnant woman with her fetus. Additionally, the quality of marital life plays a critical role in the quality of life, stability in marriage and couples health, and wellbeing. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal–fetal attachment and quality of marital life, and rumination in pregnant women with nonclinical depression.

The study population of this correlational research was depressed pregnant women referred to Yas Hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Considering the study's inclusion criteria, 150 women were selected by the purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria included presenting non–clinical depression defined by a score of 11–30 based on the Depression Questionnaire (Beck & Clark, 1988), minimum 9 years of education, the age of 26–35 years, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, no substance dependence, not being under neuroleptic medications, like antidepressants and not being under psychological treatment. Participants who refused/failed to complete the questionnaires were excluded from the study. The research tools were the Maternal Attachment During Pregnancy Scale (Cranley, 1981), Marital Quality Scale (Zhang et al., 2013), Rumination Questionnaire (Nolen–Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991), and Depression Questionnaire (Beck & Clark, 1988). The obatiend data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics, such as Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in SPSS at the significance level of 5%.

Maternal–fetal attachment (r=–0.59, p<0.01) and the quality of marital life (r=–0.36, p<0.01) presented a negative and significant relationship with rumination in pregnant women with nonclinical depression. Furthermore, maternal–fetal attachment and quality of marital life significantly could predict 54% of the variance of rumination in the study subcjts; in this prediction, the share of maternal–fetal attachment (p<0.001, Beta=0.25) was higher than the quality of marital life (p<0.001, Beta=0.12).

Due to the effective role of maternal–fetal attachment and the quality of marital life in predicting rumination, therapists and health professionals can increase maternal–fetal attachment and the quality of marital life throughout the pregnancy by training to reduce rumination.

  Numerous studies have examined self-concept and competitive trait anxiety. But research that examines the link between self-esteem and competitive anxiety has been overlooked.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-concept and trait competitive anxiety in students of Tehran-Campus Nassibeh Cultural University.

This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of 223 undergraduate (19-23 years) undergraduate students in the year 2018. 100 students were randomly selected from the students participating in the indoor competition. The research tools were: SCAT Martens et al. (1990) three-point Competitive Anxiety Inventory (SCAT) and the SCQ Raj Kamarsarasoot Five-Value Self-Concept Questionnaire (1957) with 48 questions. Data were analyzed using Pearson test.

According to the findings of the study, the correlation coefficient between trait competitive anxiety and self-concept indices was 0/016 (α≤ 0/05), meaning that the type of feedback to one's self without any personal judgment or comparison with others with anxiety during the race showed a significant relationship. Gave.

People with high anxiety had lower self-esteem and experienced poorer sport performance.

A wide range of clinical education of operating room students is done in the operating room. One of the problems in students' clinical education is the lack of appropriate learning tools in the operating room. The use of educational tools that improve students' performance affects students' self-efficacy in the operating room. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the surgical preference card as an educational aid tool on the self-efficacy of the operating room students.

 This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 64 operating room students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences at AL-Zahra Hospital in the year 2018. Participates were selected through convenience sampling and were divided into experimental (n=32) and control (n=32) groups. The students in the intervention group performed surgical care with using the surgical preference card. The data collection tool was a clinical self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS-21 software using the independent-t, paired t-test, and chi-square test.

The findings of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the average self-efficacy score of the control group before and after the intervention (p>0.05). while the average self-efficacy score of the experimental group increased significantly after the intervention as compared with before the intervention (p <0.001).

The surgical preference card as an educational aid tool improved the students' self-efficacy. Therefore, it is recommended to use this tool for the clinical education of other operating room students.

The results of some recent studies suggest that spiritual well-being is related to physical health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare depression and spiritual well-being in patients with chronic pain and healthy people.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The target population in this study included the patients with chronic pain and healthy individuals in Shiraz in the period 2017-2018. The total number of participants was 600, 300 with chronic pain and 300 healthy individuals, who were selected using available sampling and cluster sampling methods, respectively. The participants completed the Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire of Paloutzian and Ellison was and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic variables. To compare demographic characteristics, t-test and chi-square were used. Also, to compare the symptoms of depression and spiritual well-being in the patients with chronic pain and healthy participants, t-test was used. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and the authors reported no conflict of interest.

No significant differences were found between the healthy participants and the chronic pain patients regarding demographic variables. Based on the results of t-test, depression was significantly higher in patients with chronic pain (9.97±6.30) compared to the healthy group (8.67±5.09) (P<0.006). Also, the results of t-test showed that spiritual well-being (73.78±12.10) was significantly lower in the patients with chronic pain than the healthy participants (87.14±15.03) (P<0.000).

According to the results, people with chronic pain had lower levels of spiritual well-being and higher levels of depression than the healthy people. Therefore, it seems that performing psycho-spiritual interventions to reduce depression and promote the level of spiritual wellbeing of the community is an important step in preventing pain or reducing the severity of pain in patients with chronic pain.

Background and Purpose:

The first health centers for traditional Persian medicine were set up in 2007 concurrent with launching Ph.D. course of Traditional medicine. Some of them have presented compound medications made by pharmacists who had studied traditional pharmacy but others have outsourced this task. In order to keep the standard quality of products, some requirements should be implemented. Because of increasing number of health centers and resultant need to standardized medications, urgent decisions have to be made. This article has proposed a new solution for producing various traditional medications to fulfill this need.
 
Methods and Materials:

Articles, regulations and official reports were found by using the keywords including micro enterprise and small & medium pharmaceutical enterprise on websites and search engines such as SID, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar published by December 2019. Furthermore, related legislations of the Ministry of Health, Food & Drug Administration and World Health Organization were extracted. Suggestions about the features of a small manufacturing unit were collected through interviews with traditional pharmacists and then were summarized.
 

The proposed model is a science-based micro- or small enterprise that produces natural products in accordance with trade law accepted by Islamic Republic of Iran (Limited Liability Company or Private Held Co. type.).
 

Micro- and small enterprises that manufacture natural products will reduce the supply of unstandardized products sold by unauthorized producers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new policy based on the training of production and entrepreneurship skills.

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of linear and nonlinear pedagogy on students̓ participation motivation in physical education class. 40 students were selected by random sampling method and were assigned to two groups of linear and nonlinear pedagogy consisting of 20 subjects per each group. In the pre-test, participants were asked to complete the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). Flights of hurdles were used as the task completed in a 50-meter route. Traditional education approach was applied in linear pedagogy group. In nonlinear pedagogy group, constraint changes (distance and height of barriers) were used. The post-test was performed after acquisition phase. Results showed that linear and nonlinear teaching methods had a significant effect on student’s participation motivation. It was also found that, the subjects in non-linear training group had better participation motivation than those in the linear training group. In this regard, physical education teachers and educators are suggested to use a nonlinear approach to enhance student’s participation motivation

Balance maintenance is an essential prerequisite for professional and personal activities as well as imbalance and disruption in walking patterns among the factors affecting the physical, mental and social health of adults.. Accordingly, can using Brighton Exercises improve physical and psychological well-being?

The effect of Brightonics training on static, dynamic balance and psychological factors in adult women.

This study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of 30-50 years old women in Tehran who were selected from 26 adult women (50 - 30 years old) as available sample and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Tools include:. Brighton training program (Dehghani Zadeh, Rahmati Arani & Heydari, 1977) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979). Data were analyzed using t-test and one-way ANOVA.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of static equilibrium but in dynamic equilibrium there was a significant difference between the two groups. There was a significant difference between anxiety, anxiety and total score of mental performance (P<0/001).

Brightonics exercise improves dynamic balance and some psychological factors such as anxiety and physical disorders and is suggested as a strategy to enhance mental and physical skills in adult women.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of manipulating attentional focus on performance of top-spine strike of skilled and novice table tennis players under high psychological pressure. Thirty (15 skilled and 15 novices) persons participated in this study. Participants performed top-spine strike under high/low psychological pressure and different attentional focus conditions (single task, dual task with internal focus, dual task with irrelevant external attention, dual task with relevant external attention). Results revealed that novice group experienced lower decrease during high psychological pressure when their attentional focus was directed internally. No decrease was observed in the performance of skilled group when their attention was directed externally (relevant or irrelevant) during high pressure. These results were explained according to the dual effect of psychological pressure and the notion of controlling degrees of freedom.

To determine and compare the effectiveness of emotional regulation on compatibility emotional, social and academic boys 12 to 14 years with ADHD disorder. A quasi-experimental study experimental group and the control group pretest, posttest, and follow-up were two months old. The study sample of 164 secondary school students referred to the counseling center Education Branch city. Structured clinical interview and then grading scale Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity adults Connors (1999) and scale adjustment of students (Sinha and Singh, 1380) was used to analyze the data after 30 students were selected for were randomly assigned to three groups. The experimental group (emotion regulation training) interventions 8 meeting as a group and the control group were placed on a waiting list. All groups before and after the test and re-evaluated after two months. To analyze the data obtained from analysis of variance repeated measures was used. The results showed that emotional regulation training the Symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (F=17.14, P= 0.001), total adaptability score (F=11.55, P= 0.001), affective adaptability (F=24.54, P=0.001), social adaptability (F=17.24, P= 0.001) and educational adaptability (F=23.66, P= 0.001) in post test and after two month of follow up. Based on the findings, emotional regulation training, In addition to affective, social and educational adaptability; reduces the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Hence, this method can be used in families, educational and Psychological services and counseling centers in Iran in order to improve Symptoms of conduct disorder

One’s own motor system is activated by viewing and imaging another person performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the motor simulation in prediction of interpersonal coordination among jumping rope elite boys. An applied research was done as a single-stage case study with 14 jumping rope elite boys (13-18 years). The subjects practiced the jumping rope tasks (jumping rope in different distances and online landing) for four months, until they could do them properly and without any online feedbacks. This study used a Vicon motion analysis device with six infrared cameras capable of 120 frames per seconds to record three-dimensional movements of the legs and rope whirling. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that with enough practice, movement onset time, hand-foot deviation time, timing variation in rope whirling, and landing time of joint groups were equal while a significant difference was observed in movement time and jump height between them (P≤0.05). ) When people simulate a partner’s performance to do joint coordination, they may be relying on internal models that govern the interpersonal coordination. Indeed by increasing difficulty of task and so by increasing joint task demands, degree of interpersonal coordination would increase.