seyed jalal tabatabaei

The objective of the ongoing research is to introduce the initial, substantial, and practical implementation of the Walsh-Hadamard Transform in the realm of quantitative finance. It is worth noting that this particular tool, which has limited utility in the domain of digital signal processing, has demonstrated its effectiveness in evaluating the statistical significance of any binary sequence. Therefore, employing this approach in financial series would be exceptionally noteworthy. By employing five primary tests to assess the randomness of the series, including those pertaining to the Tehran Stock Exchange, as well as copper and gold, the outcomes reveal the presence of randomness in the transformed series in all aspects. Naturally, this random-ness could be examined to identify any underlying trends.

Water is one of the most significant factors limiting the production of horticultural crops. To confront drought stress, an experiment was designed as a factorial in the form of a randomized complete block. Treatments included placing the pumice bag next to the tree in two levels — [no bag (B0), one bag (B1)], different levels of irrigation — [50% (I50), 75% (I75), and 100% (I100)] — and root inoculation with fungi — [mycorrhiza (Fm), Trichoderma (Ft), and no fungus (F0)]. The highest LA and SLA were measured in the B0I100Ft treatment. The maximum chlorophyll index was measured in the B1I75Ft treatment. The highest yield was measured in the B1I100Fm treatment, which increased yield by 2.1 times compared to the control. Treatments that placed the bag next to the tree and had a sufficient irrigation level yielded more. The highest concentrations of N, Zn, and K were measured in treatments with lower irrigation levels. Only irrigation and bag placement had a significant effect on P. The highest phenols, anthocyanins, antioxidants, and vitamin C were measured in the B0I50F0, B0I75F0, B0I50Ft, and B0I75Fm treatments, respectively. According to the results, the B1I75Fm treatment saved 25% in water consumption, while maintaining good fruit productivity and quality.

The current research has investigated the effect of financial development and renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions based on consumption in Iran by controlling the variables of economic growth and electricity consumption in the period from 1990 to 2021. After examining the Manai test of the research variables using modified Dickey-Fuller and Ziot-Andrews tests, Bayer and Hank's cointegration test was performed to check the existence of collinearity between the research variables. Then, autoregressive distributed lag estimators, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares and gradual shift causality test were used to investigate the long-term relationship of variables and their causal relationship. The results clearly show that financial development and renewable energy consumption reduce carbon emissions based on consumption in Iran, and economic development and financial development increase carbon emissions based on consumption. The results of the test of gradual causal changes have confirmed the main results of the estimation methods used. Therefore, policymakers in Iran should encourage research and development in low-carbon technologies and also target investments in renewable energy and reduce the level of non-renewable energy imports and avoid investing in high energy consumption sectors that lead to an increase Avoid carbon emissions based on consumption.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) belongs to the Iridaceae family, whose dry stigmas are the most expensive spices in the world and are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Correct management of planting density is one of the most important factors in the formation of saffron yield. Choosing the appropriate planting density in saffron, while increasing the exploitation of this agriculture, increases the yield and reduces the period between planting and economic yield. On the other hand, gibberellins are classified as a diverse group of plant growth regulators that enhance some physiological and biochemical pathways in plants. Gibberellins are involved in many plant development processes and the improvement of some desirable traits such as increasing stem length, uniform flowering, reducing time to flowering, and increasing flower weight. Also, considering that the study of planting density factors and the simultaneous application of gibberellic acid hormone on the qualitative traits of the saffron medicinal plant has not been done, the purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of dense cultivation and gibberellic acid hormone on the antioxidant activity and effective substances of saffron.

To investigate the effects of gibberellic acid and plant density on the antioxidant activity and active ingredients of saffron, an experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Birjand during 2017-2018 growing season. Treatments consist of gibberellic acid (0 and 20 ppm) and plant density (100, 200, and 300 corms.m-2) with three replications. After the land preparation operation including initial plowing, disk, and land leveling, plots with dimensions of 1x2 meters were created. The distance between the plots was 50 cm and the distance between the blocks was 2 meters (including the irrigation ditches). Since it is important to choose a quality root for planting in order to create a high yield, healthy roots without wounds and scratches and free from any kind of disease were prepared and planted after weighing (the average weight of each root is 8 grams). Anthocyanin, phenol, antioxidant activity, safranal, crocin, picrocin, dry stigma yield, and photosynthetic pigments were measured. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1 software and means were compared based on the Duncan test.  

The results showed that gibberellic acid had a significant effect on different traits (P<0.05). The highest amount of phenol (629.77 mg. 100 g dry weight-1) and antioxidant (39.53%) was obtained from the gibberellic acid treatment. Therefore, the effect of gibberellic acid at the level of one percent on stigma anthocyanin was also significant and the rate of this trait was 24% higher in the treatment of gibberellic acid application than the non-application treatment. Active ingredients of saffron are influenced by gibberellic acid treatments. The highest safranal (32.5 %), crocin (140.4 %), and picrocin (58.1%) obtained from the use of gibberellic acid, and the lowest safranal (28/3%), crocin (125.1 %), and picrocin (56.6 %) obtained from control. A planting density of 300 corms.m-2 had the highest dry stigma yield. Chlorophyll a and total were increased by application of 20 ppm of gibberellic acid by 14% and 12%, respectively, compared to the control. Plant density treatments were significantly affected only on some traits of active ingredients (safranal and picrocin) at the level of one percent and the highest these were obtained from plant density with 100 corms.m-2, but it had no significant effect on other traits. 

The current study's findings revealed that the use of 20 ppm gibberellic acid had positive effects on qualitative traits of saffron and low planting density (100 corms.m-2) affected only some traits of saffron active ingredients (safranal and picrocin) and high planting density (300 corms.m-2) affected the dry stigma yield.

Sunburn is one of the significant problems in pomegranate growing, which reduces fruit yield and quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the application of antiperspirants on the quality and biochemical properties of pomegranate fruits. The experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments include 2% solution talc (T), zinc oxide (ZnO), kaolin (K), zinc oxide+talc (ZnT), talc+kaolin (TK), zinc oxide+kaolin (ZnT), zinc oxide+talc+kaolin (ZnTK), shading with 50% light passing and control (sprayed with water). The highest edible fruit was measured in the ZnO treatment. The maximum and minimum thickness of fruit peel was measured in the control and shading treatments, respectively. ZnO treatment reduced the thickness of the fruit peel by 30.8% compared to the control. The lowest temperature of fruit and leaf was measured in shading and ZnT treatment, respectively. The control treatment produced the lowest Fv/Fm and leaf area, (LA), and the shading treatment resulted the highest Fv/Fm, LA and chlorophyll. ZnO treatment increased Fv/Fm and LA by 11.95% and 15.55%, respectively, compared to the control. The highest anthocyanin and phenol of juice were recorded in shading treatment. The highest fruit peel phenol and the lowest fruit peel lipoxygenase activity were measured in the ZnTK treatment. The results indicated that the ZnO treatment is a suitable treatment due to the decrease in the percentage of fruit peel and the increase in the Fv/Fm and the decrease in the activity of the lipoxygenase enzyme.

The current study aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of cumin, black cumin, and lavender essential oils and their maltodextrin-based coatings against Fusarium oxysporum, one of the most locally predominant tomato fungal pathogens (Tehran, Iran). Also, investigation of some qualitative characteristics of coated tomato fruits during storage was aimed. The phytochemical constituents of the essential oils were evaluated using GC and GC–MS methods. Also, the inhibitory activities of the oils were examined against spore germination, mycelial growth, and fungal infection development on tomato fruits. According to the results, cuminaldehyde (34.54 %), γ-terpinene (18.30 %), p-cymen-7-ol (13.19 %) and p-cymenene (12.82 %) in cumin, carvone (28.74 %), p-cymen-7-ol (12.02 %), p-cymenene (11.55 %), safrole (8.93 %) and β-pinene (5.88 %) in black cumin, and camphor (19.11 %), eucalyptol (15.90 %), α-pinene (6.69 %), 3-carene (6.50 %) and β-Caryophyllene (5.38 %) in lavender essential oil were determined as main components. In spore germination assay, cumin, black cumin, and lavender essential oils exhibited potent activities with IC50 values of 1.05, 0.64 and 0.89 mg/mL, respectively. While, kresoxim-methyl (a standard antifungal agent) inhibited the fungal strain with IC50 value of 0.11 mg/mL. Furthermore, black cumin oil showed the most activities against mycelial growth of fungus. Furthermore, the coating enriched with black cumin oil showed the most inhibitory activity to reduce fungal growth on inoculated fruits, with a severity reduction of 79.2%. Whereas, cumin and lavender coatings showed significant activities with 71.43 and 38.09% inhibition, respectively. The results indicated that black cumin coating is a potent antifungal coating that of interest for the bioactive packaging of tomato fruits to extend their shelf life.

To develop the financial literature related to the identification of financial market regimes, the present research proposes a new rule-based method for selecting turning points in business cycles, which eliminates subjectivity in the process of classifying market regimes. The proposed algorithm has a heuristic approach. No conditions are imposed to determine the duration of the regimes or the amplitude of their returns. Also, for the comparison between the proposed algorithm and the algorithms of Pagan, Lunde, White's bootstrap test has been used in various assets, including the Tehran Stock Exchange index, copper and gold metals, and oil commodities, and the Sharpe ratio has been used as a performance measure in out-of-sample data. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better or equal performance with other identification methods in identifying out-of-sample regimes, especially in time series that are different from capital market index data. The obtained results show the success of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms. The straightforward structure of the proposed algorithm avoids the potential fluctuations that occur in parameter optimization by providing a specific method and is useful and practical in identifying different regimes in various sets of time series without changing the parameters.

This study evaluated the effects of Mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) and selenium on some physiological traits of Gaviota strawberry as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the Shahed University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences research greenhouse in 2017. The treatments included fungi (No inoculation, Mycorrhiza, Trichoderma) and selenium (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg soil). The results showed that the use of symbiotic fungi, especially Trichoderma, could significantly increase the pH, total soluble solids (TSS), antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin of the fruit, as well as increase the amount of protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid of Gaviota strawberry leaves. Furthermore, selenium treatment, especially at low concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg/kg soil), could increase the antioxidant and anthocyanin capacity of the fruit, as well as the amount of protein and chlorophyll in the leaves. Overall, it is possible to recommend the using of symbiotic fungi, especially Trichoderma, along with low concentrations of selenium (0.5 and 1 mg/kg soil) in Gaviota strawberry cultivation programs.

in this research, the analysis, investigation and design of pedestal servo-mechanics electric motor for identification of marine targets is investigated. Pedestal is one of the main parts of a radar identification, orientation and locating system. On the pedestal, antenna equipment, reflectors, processing systems, etc. Installed. The main task of the pedestal in addition to installing the equipment on it is to rotate the antenna, the reflector and change its orientation. Pedestal propulsion is supplied by electrical servomechanism or hydraulic servo mechanism. In this research, with the approach of electrical servomechanism, the design of an electric motor used in a pedal is investigated. Determining the systemic requirements of the pedal determines the speed and power characteristics of the pedal electric motor. In this study, a pedal with two degrees of freedom is investigated. Accordingly, while briefly describing electric motors, the torque motor is introduced as an electric motor suitable for use in pedal servomechanism. The experimental results confirm the accuracy of the researches.

 Strawberry is one of the most economically valuable horticultural species. Strawberry production and consumption has increased due to the fruit's appealing color, flavor, and abundance of essential bioactive compounds, such as vitamin C, sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Today, consideration is given to environmentally friendly and sustainable production. Due to the depletion of nutrient element accessibility or the improvement of soil organic elements in agricultural soils, as well as replant diseases, bioproducts and beneficial microorganisms must be applied (mycorrhizal fungi, and filamentous fungi). These may increase soil biodiversity, promote plant growth, and have antagonistic effects on microorganisms that reduce plant yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most widely distributed endotrophic mycorrhizal fungi species. It is considered an eco-friendly biofertilizer because it enhances plant growth, performance, and quality. Furthermore, Trichoderma is a fungus genus commonly recognized as an agricultural biocontrol agent. Plant growth is enhanced by Trichoderma stimulation. It promoted the host's health by inducing systemic resistance and enhancing plant growth, development, and photosynthetic efficiency. In contrast, selenium (Se) is not regarded as an essential element for higher plants, but at low concentrations, it is regarded as beneficial. Se biofortification can enhance plant mineral content, growth, yield, and quality by inducing antioxidative defenses. This study evaluated the effects of AMF, Trichoderma, and Se on the crop yield and antioxidant enzyme activity of the strawberry cultivars Gaviota and Camarosa. This experiment was conducted in the research greenhouse of Shahed University, College of Agriculture in 2017. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included: fungi (Mycorrhiza and Trichoderma), selenium (Se, 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg-1 kg soil) and cultivar (Gaviota and Camarosa). Fruit yield was determined at harvest. The fruits were harvested at the same ripening stage (>75% red surface color) and then transported to the laboratory immediately. Within each replication, only identical-sized, -colored, -shaped, and physically unblemished and disease-free fruits were chosen. Physicochemical characteristics of fruit were determined during harvest. 30 strawberries from each replication were used for this purpose. For fruit sampling, tissue samples consisting of both achenes and receptacles were taken from the central portion of the fruit. The samples were quickly sliced, pooled, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until their total phenolic content and catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities were determined. The data were analyzed as a two-factor linear model using the PROC MIXED procedure by the SAS software. The Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at P ≤ 0.05 was calculated to compare the differences between means following a significant ANOVA effect.  The results demonstrated that mycorrhiza and Trichoderma fungus significantly boosted plant performance. Compared to the control, Trichoderma and mycorrhizal fungi treatments increased yield by 39.6% and 27.1%, respectively. Additionally, the application of Se increased yield in comparison to the control. Phenolic compounds, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were affected by fungi and Se treatments, with ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities found to be 4 mg-1 kg soil when Se was applied. The activity of antioxidant enzymes varied between cultivars, with Gaviota exhibiting greater antioxidant enzyme activity than Camarosa. Trichoderma, mycorrhizae, and Se were utilized to maximize catalase activity (4 mg-1 kg soil). Mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma appear to increase enzyme yield and activity by facilitating enhanced element absorption. Based on the results of this study, the use of fungi and Se at concentrations of 4 mg-1 kg soil is recommended to increase the quantity and quality of strawberries.

The present study has examined the relationship between the turbulence of the structures of important industries of the Tehran Stock Exchange during the last twelve years using the daily turbulence of the index values of each industry. Using the volatility model based on the analysis of variance approach, the effects of risk spillover due to the occurrence of corona on the stability of twenty important and major industries in the Iranian stock market were measured and evaluated. Empirical findings showed that the twenty industries studied had little dependence before the corona and the occurrence of Covid 19 had significant effects on the dynamics of turbulence in the industrial structure and the correlation of turbulence reached its maximum during the corona. The most important industries of the Iranian capital market, including chemicals, basic metals, and cement, have the highest impact during this period, and the important role of large industries in propagating turbulence shocks is significant due to their strong internal dependence during extreme events. Medium and small industries have also increased system turbulence at the time of the corona. Overall, in the pre-Covid 19 era, there were ten risk-taking industries and ten risk-issuing industries, while in the Corona era, thirteen were the risk-issuing industries and seven were the turbulent industries.

Proper plant density and emphasis on high density cultivating patterns and mother corm weight during the first years of cultivation to achieve high yield and reduce the length of the operation cycle of saffron farms, should be considered by farmers. The effects of plant density and mother corm weight on flower yield and growth characteristics of saffron were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were three levels of plant density (100, 200 and 300 per m2) and three mother corm weights (0.1- 4, 4.1- 8 and 8.1- 12 g). The experiment was designed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand during growing season of 2016-2017. The results indicated that plant density and corm weight had significant effect on the fresh weight of flower, fresh yield of flower, dry yield of stigma and fresh weight of leaf. There were significant different between some characteristics (fresh yield of flower and dry yield of stigma) by interaction plant density and corm weight treatments, so that, the highest fresh yield of flower and dry yield of stigma were obtained (9.88 and 2.41 kg/ha, respectively), from corm weight with 8.1-12 g and plant density with 300 corm/m2, and the lowest were observed from corm weight with 0.1-4 g and plant density of 100 corms per m2. The highest fresh weight of leaves and flower were obtained from 8.1-12 g and 300 corms per m2. Also, the highest and lowest attributes of flower were observed from corm weight with 8.1-12 g and 0.1-4 g, respectively. It was found that corm weight had significant effect on leaves characteristics (length, fresh weight and dry weight of leaf, chl a, chl b and total chl), so that the highest these attributes were obtained from corm weight with 8.1-12 g. In general, the use of corm weight 8.1-12 g and plant density 300 corms per m2 had an effective role in increasing the yield of saffron.

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of magnetized nutrient solution under four electromagnetic treatments (0, 20, 40 and 80 GAUSS) on growth, physiological properties and nutrient elements of two rose cultivars (Samurai and Luxor) in a factorial completely random design with three replications. In each experimental unit, four bushes were planted in PUMedia medium and were nourished with nutritional solution by digital timer in open system. The results showed that pH and electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution were slightly reduced in all treatments. Flowering stem high increased significantly in 40 GAUSS treatment for Samurai cultivar 23% and 20 GAUSS treatment for Luxor cultivar 16%. Stem diameter increased significantly in 40 GAUSS treatment for Samurai cultivar 22% and 20 GAUSS treatment for Luxor cultivar 10%. The leaf area increment of the two cultivars was significant and its amount in 40 GAUSS treatment was 68%. Phosphorous concentration of cultivars decreased significantly. Flower number, calcium and nitrogen concentration, as well as leaf chlorophyll and flower color indices weren't affected. Vase life changes in both cultivars were slight and insignificant in all treatments.

Effects of several soilless growing media on the flowering time, flower bud number, flower number, flower size, and stem height of Lilium cut flower was studied. The treatments were arranged as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 10 growing media and two cultivars of Bernini (Oriental) and Ceb Dazzle (Asiatic) using four replications. The growing media were different organic and mineral components as sand, vermiculite, perlite, cocopeat, and their combinations at equal volumes (50:50). Daily fertigation of the pots with 250 ml of the Hougland solution was carried out, which started one week after sowing the bulbs. Growth and development of plants were monitored and the data was recorded accordingly. The results indicated that cocopeat as a culture medium was superior to others in terms of accelerating flowering time, flower bud number per plant, flower number per plant, flower size, and stem height in both cultivars. The earliest flowering was observed on Bernini and Ceb Dazzle CVs. cultivated in sand and vermiculite media, respectively. The media containing cocopeat (50 and 100 percent) yielded the higher flower bud and flower number, flower size, and stem height in comparison to other mixtures.

The effects of applications of gibberellic acid hormone (GA) and mother weight corm on antioxidant activities and components of saffron were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were tow levels of gibberellic acid (0 and 20 ppm) and three mother corm weights (0.1- 4, 4.1- 8 and 8.1- 12 g).The experiment was designed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand during growing season of 2016-2017.Traits including antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, phenols, crocin, picrocrocin and safranal of saffron. The results indicated that treatments had significant effect on antioxidant activity of stigma and petals. The highest antioxidant activity (39.5%) was found in gibberellic acid, but corm weight had no effect on this trait. Also, the highest anthocyanins (Stigma and Petal) was recorded from corm weight 8.1-12 g (1.31 and 0.96 mg / 100 g dry weight) and the lowest was obtained from corm weight 0.1-4 g (1.039 and 0.679 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively). Although, gibberellic acid treatment had no effect on the anthocyanins of petal. Total phenol increased with the use of gibberellic acid, the highest phenol (0.627 mg /100 g dry weight) was obtained from corm weight 8.1-12 g and the lowest was obtained from corms weight 0.1-4 g. The highest levels of safranal (32.56 %) and picrocrin (58.19%) were observed from gibberellic acid treatment. Also, the interaction between gibberellic acid and corm weight was significant on crocin content .The highest crocin (152.6%) was obtained from corm weight of 8.1-12 g and gibberellic acid. The beneficial effects of the use of gibberellic acid and high corm weight on the improvement of biochemical traits and effective saffron substances

The current financial literature examines business cycles based on a retrospective approach and emphasizes the rational assumption of human in evaluating managerial confidence models.In the present study, the main purpose is to design an index that describes the collective belief of managers towards the economic outlook of companies and economic sectors and the overall level of the economy and represents the economic sentiments and managerial confidence of managers of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.The present study includes qualitative and quantitative steps. In the qualitative step of data collection, content analysis and the Delphi method were used, respectively. according to the Delphi method, these topics were assigned to experts active in the capital market and academic elites for approval, and they were asked to express their views on each of the factors based on the Likert scale. The results of using confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the adequacy of the sample showed that the coefficient obtained from the Bartlett test is significant in all industries. In the explanation of variance by a latent factor, there are more than 60% of variance by a latent factor in all industries. Therefore, the factor structure of the questionnaire can be confirmed.Applying the combined index designed to describe the managerial confidence and economic beliefs of the company's managers listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange has the necessary competence. And it can be used by analysts, investors, and rulers to determine the attitude of business people towards the future of the economy.

Sunburn is one of the most important problems in pomegranate cultivation, which results in reduced yield and fruit quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of antiperspirant application on quality and biochemical properties of pomegranate fruits in Qom. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments were talc (T), zinc oxide (ZnO), kaolin (K), zinc oxide+talc (ZnT), talc+kaolin (TK), zinc oxide+kaolin (ZnT), zinc oxide+talc+kaolin (ZnTK), shading with 50% light passing and control (sprayed with water). The results showed that the fruit quality characteristics were significantly affected by treatments. The highest fruit skin thickness was observed in control and the lowest was seen in ZnT treatment. ZnK treatment resulted in highest aril length, but the other treatments had no effects on aril diameter, length and diameter of pomegranate kernel. The highest fruit skin phenol content was seen ZnTK treatment and the other treatments were almost at similar significant levels. The lowest pH of the skin and aril peroxidase were observed in the Shading and the combination of talc, kaolin and zinc oxide had the highest peroxidase activity. ZnK enhanced laccase activity by 77% compared to control. The highest and lowest lipoxygenase activity were measured in ZnTK and kaolin treatments, respectively. Because of its good peroxidase level and lower lipoxygenase and laccase activity, the zinc oxide seems to be a good treatment for increasing the quality of pomegranate fruits.

Because data analysis for modeling extreme values ​​in financial literature is of interest to researchers and in financial markets and is considered by market risk managers, identifying new and appropriate approaches can provide analysts with insight into predicting very rare events. Analyzing very rare events by time distribution is one of the most appropriate approaches to risk analysis. This study aims to combine the time analysis and spectral analysis approach to identify and present a new approach in extracting and analyzing overt and covert fluctuations along all possible longitudinal wavelengths, to identify stock price behavior and its fluctuations.

According to the defined algorithm, the extreme losses are extracted for each share in the period under review and are defined as a time series according to the time distribution. For the time series obtained, the iterative structural model was performed using a multi-harmonic analysis and variance analysis approach and the hidden fluctuations in maximum loss yields were identified with varying degrees of quality and then estimated with the highest quality period according to a sinusoidal relationship. For this purpose, the stock price has been used for the statistical period of 1998-1997 (20 years) and includes 105 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

The results showed that using the findings of the proposed 460-day cycle method, the most appropriate and high-quality cycle in detecting fluctuations in the time series can be examined. Besides, based on the mentioned cycle, the parameters of the estimated sinusoidal pattern are significant. The fitness test also showed that 78% of the yield changes could be identified by the proposed model.

Applying a combined approach to time-series analysis and spectral analysis has the necessary competence in describing the time-series behavior of corporate stock returns. Therefore, the proposed model can be used for forecasting and analysis in the capital market.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of physicochemical properties of gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii L.) to silica nanoparticles (Nanoparticle-SiO2) and calcium chelate (Ca-Chelate) in nutrient solutions. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors was conducted in four replicates. The first factor the concentration of Nanoparticle-SiO2 in nutrient solutions with four levels (0, 20, 40, 80 mg L-1), and the second factor was the concentration of Ca-Chelate in the nutrient solution with four levels (0, 60, 120 and 240 mg L-1). Flower diameter, peduncle length, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of root, leaf and flower, stem bending, leaf ionic leakage, chlorophyllindex, maximum efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm), percentages of cellulose, hemicellulose, and holocellulose in stem, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in leaves were measured. According to the results, in comparison to the control, application of 240 mg L-1 Ca-Chelate together with 80 mg L-1 Nanoparticle-SiO2, resulted in 1.5 times less stem bending and decreased leaf ionic leakage by 28%. The highest activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in leaves was observed in the treatment with 60 mg L-1 Ca-Chelate (2.91 unit mg fresh leaves-1). The best treatment in terms of the chlorophyllindex, leaf area, percentages of cellulose and the maximum efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was the treatment with 120 mg L-1 Ca-Chelate and 80 mg L-1 Nanoparticle-SiO2. Therefore, application of 40 mg L-1 Nanoparticle-SiO2 and 60 mg L-1 Ca-Chelate in the hydroponic nutrition solution can be suggested for gerbera plants.

In corporate finance literature, various investment measures have been widely used to examine corporate investment behavior. Different results of research based on data in the field of corporate investment behavior have been disputed and discussed in the field of corporate finance literature. Research on various measures can enhance understanding and knowledge in this field and provide a broader and more comprehensive insight for researchers for future research. Using the panel data of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) companies during the period of 1384-1394, twenty common and customary investment measures in the corporate finance field have been investigated from the aspect of importance, volume and noise, the ability to predict stock returns and information content. Were trained. A generalized system torque regression method has been used to study the hypotheses. The results of the research show that cash-based net investment measures have the best performance of investment behavior among different measures. Because the aforementioned measures have less noise and provide more relevant value information. Therefore, it is suggested that researchers in the corporate finance field should use cash-based gross cash-earning measures in futures research if there are options for collecting gross margin for investment.

Strawberry is one of the most important horticultural greenhouse products in different areas. This fruit includes most economical and commercial importance. Also, it is rich in vitamins, nutrients, antioxidants and other substances. The plants that grow in greenhouse have flat taste because they do not receive enough light in winter. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose and mono potassium phosphate on growth and physiological characteristics, yields and the quality of strawberry cultivar "Camarosa" under hydroponic condition.

The treatments included foliar application of glucose (without treatment as control, 2 and 4 grams per liter) and mono potassium phosphate (without treatment as control, 0.5, 1 and 2 grams per liter) that applied in two stages of growth. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design in three replications at Shahed University in 2016.

The results showed that the integrated foliar application of glucose and mono potassium phosphate had a significant effect (p<0.01) on leaf area, chlorophyll a and b, concentration of potassium and phosphorus, number of fruit, fruit total weight, firmness, electrical conductivity, pH, flavor index and glucose. Some characteristics such as chlorophyll a and b, firmness, flavor index (TSS/TA) and glucose have increased. Otherwise, electrical conductivity, pH, concentration of potassium and phosphorous and leaf area have decreased. The results showed that the highest concentration of glucose increased to 57%.in compared to the control treatment.

The best treatment for physiological characteristics was 1 gram per liter mono potassium phosphate in combination with 4 grams per liter glucose. The best treatment for increasing the chlorophyll, TSS/TA, firmness was 4 grams per liter of sugar and 2 grams per liter mono potassium phosphate. However, 0.5 grams per liter mono potassium phosphate and 2 grams per liter glucose were increased the concentration of phosphorus. So, foliar application of glucose and mono potassium phosphate can change the taste and it means the fruit will be sweet and delicious.

The efficiency of phosphorus uptake in agricultural crops especially, in fruit trees, which are perennial plants and have deep roots, is one of the major problems in nutrition programs. The efficiency of phosphorus uptake in agricultural crops especially, in fruit trees, which are perennial plants and have deep roots, is one of the major problems in nutrition programs. One of the methods to increase phosphorus absorption is to place it in the root zone the experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. Factors were included as various methods and sources of phosphorus fertilizers. Methods Factor were included foliar application, irrigation fertilizer (soil surface), and pumice bag. Sources Factor including ammonium phosphate, triple super-phosphate, and water. Plant samples were taken at the end of the harvesting season and the concentration of phosphorus and total absorption were evaluated. The results were showed that the consumption method had a significant effect on the concentration of phosphorus in leaves and stems. Phosphorus sources also significantly altered the concentration of phosphorus in the leaves (P ≥. 0/01). The comparison of the means was showed that the maximum phosphorus concentration was observed in pumice bag treatment, which was increased 25 %in compared with surface irrigation .However, it was resulted that the use of phosphorus in a pumice bag could be effective method in phosphorus uptake and efficiency.

Phosphite (PO33; Phi; valence of +3), a reduced form of phosphate (PO43; Pi; valence of +5), that are being widely marketed either as an agricultural fungicide or as a superior source of plant phosphorus (P) nutrition. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphite and phosphate in different pH on yield, growth and P status in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var. italica cv. Fiorentino). The experiment was conducted with three pH levels (5.5, 7, 8.5) factorially combined with three P source levels (Pi, Phi and Pi& Phi). The plants were grown in black buckets containing 8 L of aerated nutrient solution for 10 week after transplanting. Phi had statistically significant negative effect on yield and was formed immature heads and to form button-like flower heads. Likewise, Phosphite increased phosphorus and potassium concentration in the leaves, roots ,Stems and heads. Both P and K concentration were significantly reduce by the increase pH level. The highest yield was observed in Pi& Phi with pH(5.5) at 237 g plant -1 .Phosphate (pH=5.5) compare to Phosphite (pH=5.5) increased by 75% in yield. . The increase in Pi uptake in the Phi treatment plant caused increased in P concentration in leaves and growth reduction and phytotoxicity. The negative effects application of only Phosphite was strong inhibiting effect in fresh weight head. Hence, Phosphite was not available to the plants as a P source.

Saffron is one of the most important crops and medicinal plants in Iran and plays an important role in non-oil exports of the country. Saffron is cultivated in most part of Iran, because of low water requirement and well adaptation to diverse environmental condition. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the effects of corm weights and gibberellic acid on yield and vegetative characteristics of saffron. The effects of applications of gibberellic acid hormone (GA) and mother weight corm on flower yield and growth characteristics of saffron were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were tow levels of gibberellic acid (0 and 20 ppm) and three mother corm weights (0.1- 4, 4.1- 8 and 8.1- 12 g). The experiment was designed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand during growing season of 2016-2017. The measured indices were included of leaf characteristics (leaf length, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, b and total leaf) and flower characteristics (flower number and fresh total yield, average stigma length, stigma fresh and dry yield). The results indicated that mother corm weight had significant effect on all flowering traits, so that the highest flowers number, flower yield (37.7% per m2,6.59 g. m-2), flowers fresh weight and stigma fresh weight (0.381 g, and 0.025) was observed from corm weight 8.1-12 g and the least of them was recorded from corm weight 0.1-4 g. Also, with increase corm weight, increased the leaf traits (leaf length, leaf weight, chlorophyll a, b and total leaf), so that the highest and lowest of these traits were recorded with corm weight 8.1-12 g and 0.1-4 g, respectively. It was found that gibberellic acid had significant effect on most vegetative traits of leaves, so that the highest leaf length (32.02 cm), leaf number (28.26), Leaf fresh weight (0.388 g), chlorophyll a (0.203 mg. g) were obtained from gibberellic acid treatment. but, gibberellic acid reduced the number of flowers. Also, interaction effects of gibberellic acid and corm weight had a significant effect on chlorophyll b and stigma length. According to this study, results showed that corm weight (12-8/1 g) had strong impact on growth characteristics and yield of saffron, increased saffron vegetative and reproductive characteristics, while, the use of gibberellic acid only improved the vegetative traits and didn't affect on saffron flowering traits

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of Mg (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mM) in the nutrient solution and shading (0 and 50%) on growth, yield, fruit quality and physiological properties in hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Nagen 792). With increased Mg concentration in both shaded and unshaded plants, the total plant leaf area and dry weight of leaves increased, whereas specific leaf weight decreased. The highest yield in terms of fruit weight and number per plant in both shaded and unshaded plants were obtained in 3 mM Mg treatment; however yield in shaded plants was 57% that of in unshaded plants. Increased Mg concentration drastically increased Mg content and reduced K and Ca content in the leaves and fruits, particular in shaded plants. Leaf and fruit concentration of Mg increased drastically while K and Ca decreased with increasing Mg in the nutrient solution. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) in the leaves was decreased by increasing of Mg concentration. The highest activity of APX and POX was observed in Mg deficiency plants and it becomes more pronounced in unshaded plants. Leaf soluble sugars and starch content were decreased with increasing Mg concentration in the solution, especially in shaded plants. Low Mg concentration in the nutrient solution significantly increased total free amino acids (FAA) in the leaves. In conclusion, Mg requirement of cucumber plants likely increases with light intensity. Thus, higher concentration of Mg (3 mM) in the nutrient solution was the most favorable for cucumber plant growth and function grown in hydroponics.