sh yazdani

Today, abortion treatment is performed legally for reasons such as preserving the health and life of the mother and fetus with disabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the basic information and determine the main reasons for legal abortions in medical abortions referred from forensic medicine in Babol as a basis for designing and conducting studies in the future regarding the improvement of reproductive health among women of reproductive age.

This cross-sectional study was conducted via census sampling method among 104 cases of medical abortion referred from the forensic medicine of Babol to affiliated hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2020. Information related to individual and social factors and maternal and fetal causes leading to abortion was collected by a researcher-made checklist. Then, the data were reviewed and compared in terms of gestational age, termination of pregnancy, and maternal and fetal causes leading to abortion.

The mean gestational age at termination of pregnancy with fetal causes was 16.21±2.35 weeks and for maternal causes was 10.33±3.96 weeks. There was a statistically significant relationship between the history of underlying disease, gender at the time of abortion, gestational age, and the causes of termination of pregnancy (p<0.05). In maternal causes of abortion, the highest frequency (50%) was related to maternal cardiovascular causes, and in fetal causes of abortion, the highest frequency (51.08%) was related to genetic causes of the fetus. Misoprostol was used to terminate the pregnancy of 23.1% of mothers.

The results of the study showed that a large number of cases of medical abortions are related to the fetal cause.

Previous cesarean sections are the most common cause of increased cesarean section in many parts of the world, although it is not always necessary. Considering the high statistics of cesarean section in Iran and especially the high rate of repeat cesarean section and creating motivation for vaginal birth after cesarean section, this study was conducted in order to investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of vaginal birth after one cesarean section.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 pregnant women with a previous caesarean section and transverse incision on the lower segment in Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital of Babol in two groups; 50 people in the first group who underwent repeat emergency cesarean section and 54 people in the second group who consented to vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC). Demographic characteristics and maternal and neonatal complications were investigated and compared between the two groups.

In this study, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics. Infant mortality rate was reported in 6 cases (12%) in the first group and 2 cases (3.7%) in the second group. Furthermore, 3 babies (6%) in the repeat cesarean section group and 9 babies (16.7%) in the vaginal birth group after cesarean section were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The 5-minute Apgar was also significantly higher in the babies of the vaginal birth group after cesarean section (p=0.04). The duration of mother's hospitalization was 3.98±5.53 and 2.11±0.31 days in the repeat cesarean and vaginal birth groups, respectively (p=0.02).

According to the results of this study, maternal and neonatal complications did not increase in vaginal birth after cesarean section, and if the mother wishes, vaginal birth can be performed after one cesarean section.

Supplying vitamin D during pregnancy is necessary for fetal calcium homeostasis and bone growth and its mineralization, and its deficiency can lead to pregnancy complications. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D level on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 pregnant women referring to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol. Mothers' information was collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from people to measure the serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 level by ELISA method using the EUROIMMUN kit. Patients were divided into two groups (vitamin D level< 25 and vitamin D level> 25) and were compared.

247 people (54.8%) had vitamin D level< 25 and 203 people (44.8%) had vitamin D level> 25. People with lower vitamin D levels had significantly more gestational hypertension (p=0.03) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (p=0.04) compared to people with higher vitamin D levels. The variables of labor pain, diabetes, fetal growth restriction and prolonged pregnancy did not show significant differences in people with high and low levels of vitamin D. Pregnancy complications including pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, placental abruption and fetal growth restriction did not show any significant difference in people with high and low levels of vitamin D. In the evaluation of neonatal outcomes, infant weight, infant gender, fifth minute Apgar, head circumference and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, no significant differences were found.

The results of the study showed that some pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in pregnant women are related to vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design plans to check the vitamin D level of mothers before pregnancy and correct it during pregnancy.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the common infectious and pathogenic agents, and some of its genotypes have the ability to cause malignant changes in the surface of mucous cells. By examining the prevalence of HPV in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Pap smear according to the risk factors, we can make a more correct decision in choosing the evaluation method and directing the patient to report the ASCUS lesion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with ASCUS Pap smear.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with ASCUS pap smear results and HPV test referred to the colposcopy clinic of Babol Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital during the last two years. Demographic information, history of obstetrics, history of OCP use, history of STD disease and high-risk behaviors, cervical treatments, HPV typing, Pap smear, colposcopy and cervical biopsy results were recorded and analyzed.

The mean age of the patients was 33.83±8.09 years, and ASCUS pap smear showed 129 cases (64.5%) of high-risk papillomavirus, 16 cases (0.8%) of low-risk papillomavirus and 55 cases (27.5%) of both types. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 was in 18 cases (0.9%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 in 10 cases (0.5%) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 in 2 cases (0.1%). 17.1% of high-risk viruses caused cervical neoplasm. None of the low-risk viruses led to neoplasms and all of them were inflammatory. In both high-risk and low-risk cases, 14.5% neoplasm was seen. However, the relationship between the type of papillomavirus and the incidence of neoplasm was significant (p=0.058).

Based on the results of this study, the ASCUS pap smear needs more detailed investigation such as colposcopy and cervical biopsy under the supervision of experts because it is associated with the high-risk HPV virus in many cases.

Clinical reasoning includes a range of thinking about clinical medicine at all stages of patient evaluation. Bayesian theory can be used to refute or confirm differential diagnoses in the clinical reasoning process. In this way, by learning the basic mathematical language of probability in medicine, we can change our beliefs according to new evidence. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of holding a workshop about familiarity with Bayesian reasoning on the promotion of clinical reasoning in medical interns.

This is a quasi-experimental reseach using non-equivalent dependent variable design (NEDV). To do this 57 interns of Shahrekord Hajar Hospital  participated  in the pre-test of  SC type as a case and  KFP test as a control, Then, a three-hour workshop on clinical reasoning and Bayesian was  held. After 2 weeks of pre-test, post-test was held with a confidence interval of 0.95, their results were compared and analyzed with SPSS using  paired sample T-test.

The results of the study showed a significant increase in interns' scores in both KFP and SC tests. The rate of application of clinical reasoning for trainees in SC post-test was about 55%, which was 3.5% higher than SC pre-test, and this rate was 46% in KFP post-test, which was 3% higher than that of pre-test.

SC test is not a suitable evaluation method to show the effect of Bayesian reasoning training workshop on clinical reasoning and holding a Bayesian reasoning workshop has not a significant effect on improving the clinical reasoning situation of interns.

Nowadays, the process of changes has accelerated significantly, and organizational survival requires gaining competitive advantage. Competitive advantage consists of a set of factors or capabilities that always allows organizations to perform better. The purpose of this study is to explain the indicators of academic competitive advantage of medical universities to achieve scientific supremacy from experts᾽ point of view.

This is a qualitative study and in terms of type, it is content analysis. This research has been carried out with the participation of five experts in the field of scientific authority using purposive sampling method, diversity in the field. The method of data collection was semi-structured individual interviews.The text of the interviews was implemented and broken down into codes and classes using inductive methods, and finally the main classes or final themes were abstracted from them.

The results of this study include 181 codes, 13 categories, and four theme  1) prominent knowledge activities, 2) outreach, 3) radical influence on discipline, and 4) resources and infrastructure.

In this study, the indicators of competitive advantages of medical universities were clarified in the field of scientific supremacy in the light of expert opinions.

At high angles of attack, the dynamic stall phenomenon could be appearing owing to the vortex shedding particularly in an oscillating airfoil. The consequences of this event are a considerable decrease in the lift and an increase in the drag as well as the pitching moment coefficients. The flow was assumed to be unsteady and turbulent at a Mach number 0.2 and for Reynolds number 1million. This research was done for a range of angle of attack 15o±10o. In order to carry out the numerical analysis of the problem, the 2-D compressible turbulent Navier-Stokes equations based on “Roe” scheme with second-order accuracy were solved. Turbulence modeling was carried out using the three-equation k-kL-ω model. Regarding the obtained results, it was observed that this flow control method had a significant ability in eliminating the dynamic stall. It was also revealed that the phase difference between the jet and airfoil oscillations is more affected by the dynamic stall decrement. In these changes, use of the SJ with 0.1 momentum coefficient, led to the highest amplitude of lift at φ=-30°, and the multiplication of drag amplitude and amplitude of moment coefficient at φ=-10° offered the best performance in addition to the considerable decrease.

Professionalism is the underlying factor in strengthening the social contract between professions and the society. Failure to adhere to this principle in healthcare providers (including nurses) reduces the quality of patient care and endangers community health, while also diminishing public trust and weakening the social image of healthcare professions. In recent decades, researchers of health science education have focused on the nature of professionalism and planning for training in this regard in order to achieve this important outcome in health science graduates. Despite the applications of the study results and the efforts to train students on the basic concepts of professional ethics, the expected outcomes have not yet been realized in terms of the performance of graduates. Today, numerous researchers believe that achieving professionalism is not possible merely through education and the evaluation of its principles, and the required competencies should also be cultivated to facilitate the process of professional socialization, so that a proper professional identity could be attained in medical science graduates. However, further studies should be focused on the top of Millerchr('39')s pyramid (Does) pertains to the process of developing competencies and their components and has reached the stages of developing a competency-based curriculum, along with the formation of a professional identity, which is equivalent to the "Is" part added to the Millerchr('39')s model by Cruess et al. (2016). In a study in this regard, the concept of professional socialization was analyzed, and professional identity was introduced as the main outcome of this process. The present study aimed to critically review the current literature regarding socialization and the development of professional identity in health science students.

This critical review was conducted based on the Carnwell and Daly structure, which consists of six steps, including determining the objectives of the critical literature review, defining the scope of the review, identifying the sources of relevant information, literature review, writing the review, and applying the literature to the proposed study. At the stage of review writing, we followed the three steps proposed by Schutz. Initially, a systematic search was performed to obtain the available conceptual models and frameworks of socialization and professional identity formation in primary scientific databases, such as EBSCO CINAHL, Web of Science, Eric, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using relevant keywords with "OR" and "AND" to combine the main concepts. The article search had no time limit until 2019. The eligibility criteria for article selection were proposing a model/conceptual framework, medical sciences, free access, and publication in English language. The exclusion criteria were duplicates and the experimental studies aimed at the measurement, comparison or production of tools. In the second phase of the search and to obtain citations and criticisms for each selected conceptual model/framework, the key concepts of each was systematically searched in the aforementioned databases using "AND" in combination with concepts such as "Criticism, Problems, Challenges, Advantages, Disadvantages". To ensure access to all the possibly relevant reviews, all the citations to each model were tracked through Google Scholar.

In total, 2,112 articles were retrieved in the first stage of the search in terms of the title, followed by the abstract. After reviewing the full texts of the selected articles, nine articles were selected based on the research criteria in the fields of nursing, social work, medicine, paramedicine, and student affairs. These articles were categorized in terms of the study design, model type, model focus, and outcomes. Following that, the selected models were examined chronologically based on the three steps proposed by Schutz, which are the description of the model by its providers, providing the viewpoints of their critics/promoters (if any), and presenting the critical views of the authors of the article. After the analysis of the elements and content/structure of the conceptual models/frameworks, the key concepts of each model were extracted and presented in a table. The studied conceptual models and frameworks consisted of four categories (descriptive, normative-descriptive, causal-explanatory, and descriptive-prescriptive), which described the process of socialization and the role of the influential factors. Some of the findings were mainly focused on the cognitive and psychological dimensions, as well as the social dimension of the process in some cases. In the cases where both the psychological (internal) and social dimensions (external) of the process were considered, a structural approach was not observed regarding the elements and components of each dimension. In addition, the assessment of the content and description of the models revealed various theoretical approaches to this process, some of which were based on a functional structuralism approach and emphasized the role of organizational factors. The other cases involved the cognitive and interactive dimensions and the role of student agencies in this process, as well as the combination of the two approaches. In addition to the role of institutional factors, the active role of students and the impact of interactions were also discussed with regard to the development of professional identity without determining its dimensions and components. The key concepts extracted from the selected models in the present study could be classified into two psychological and social dimensions. The psychological dimension could be classified as cognitive (principles, values, and professional norms), affective (descriptive [sense of belonging to the profession], evaluative [self-confidence], and normative [attitude toward the profession]), and volitive (job motivation). Similarly, the social dimension could be categorized into the communicative domain (effective professional communication), cohesive domain (mutual respect and commitment), and operative domain (professional behavior and effective role performance).

Presenting the components of professional identity based on psychological and social dimensions could lay the groundwork for designing a comprehensive, static, structural model of professional identity for medical students, thereby resulting in the development of structured interventions for the management of professional identity formation in further investigations.

Ectopic pregnancy is a common complication and one of the causes of pregnancy-related deaths. Considering the increased prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in recent years and the increased risk factors such as assisted reproductive treatment, the present study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in Babol, northern Iran.

This case-control study was performed on pregnant women who were admitted with suspicion for ectopic pregnancy or acute abdomen within a 6-year period. Patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were selected in the case group and the control group was selected from among the pregnant women's medical record during the same years. Patients were examined in terms of age, parity, history of abortion, type of contraception, history of ectopic pregnancy, history of pelvic infections, history of cesarean section, infertility treatment, history of smoking, marriages within the family, medical history and underlying disease.

In this study, 201 patients were examined in each group. The mean age for the case group was 29.75±5.6 and for the control group was 28.62±6.4 years. Among the risk factors, assisted reproductive treatment (OR=10.24, p≤0.001), abdominal and pelvic surgery (OR=2.35, p=0.002), infertility (p=6.76, p<0.001), contraceptive pills (OR=0.61, p<0.001) and nulliparity (OR = 1.61, p=0.019) were associated with increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.

According to the results of this study, the most important risk factors for ectopic pregnancy are the use of hormonal pills to prevent pregnancy and nulliparity, respectively.

Ovarian cancer is the sixth common cancer among women in the world. Preoperative blood cell count can be a biomarker that predicts the severity of different types of cancer and determine the type of surgery. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the predictive role of the three blood markers of anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in the stage and grade of epithelial ovarian cancer before the operation. In this cross-sectional study, the data of 60 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were evaluated. Demographic data, hemoglobin, white blood cell count and platelets were statistically compared based on the stage of disease and the grade of mass differentiation as good, moderate and undifferentiated. 61.1% of patients with thrombocytosis were in stage 3 and 33.3% of patients with leukocytosis were in stage 2 (p≤0.05), while 20.5% of the patients with anemia were in stage 3 (p>0.05). Moreover, 52.4% of patients with leukocytosis and 61.1% of patients with thrombocytosis had grade 3 tumor (p≤0.05), but only 34.1% of patients with anemia were in this group (p>0.05). Based on the evaluation of the ROC curve, cut-off point of the white blood cell was calculated to be 9050/ml with a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 65% and platelet count was calculated to be 266000/ml with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 53%. Based on the results of this study, preoperative leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were correlated with stage and grade of epithelial ovarian cancer and had a predictive role.

In deformed spine of adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis, the interaction between the deformity and kinetic aspects during gait has not been well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the ground reaction force (GRF) during gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and healthy control group.
Nineteen adolescent female patients with right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis of between 11-16 years of ages as well as 18 healthy females with similar age-matched, height and mass were studied.
Using two Kistler force plates (1000 Hz) and a Vicon system with 4 T series cameras (100 Hz), the GRF and kinematic aspects of subjects’ gait were simultaneously recorded. GRF forces in x (Fx), y (Fy), and z axes (Fz), together with impulse, loading rate, and the asymmetry index (AI) for all variables were evaluated. AI index was calculated with [(Right X – Left X)/ ((Right X Left X)*0.5)]*100. MANOVA was used to assess the between group differences, Also, repeated measure analysis of variance was used for within group comparisons. Significance level was set at at p In the right foot, all parameters of GRF were similar in AIS and control groups (p>0.05). In the left foot also, Fy and Fx components of GRF were similar between groups (P>0.05). However, the Fz1 parameter of the left foot in scoliosis group was significantly smaller than that of in control group (p=0.03). In the right and left feet, the impulses, loading rate and time related GRF variables were not different between two groups (p>0.05). The AI for all variables were similar in both groups (p AIS patients demonstrated reduced vertical GRF in left heel contact phase with respect to the control group. Unilateral alteration of the muscle function in the lower limb might be a possible explanation to this abnormality. Further more complex studies are needed to evaluate the origin and consequence of this observation.

Intracellular magnesium is a cofactor for several enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of magnesium as an effective and an underlying factor in disrupted glucose metabolism among pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
This cross-sectional was conducted among 24-32 weeks pregnant women admitted to gynecology clinic of Ayatollah Rohani Hospital in Babol. Patients were divided into four groups: healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with overt diabetes. The demographic information was gathered using a questionnaire and the serum level, magnesium RBC and the fasting blood sugar were measured by laboratory methods and were compared between the four groups.
FINDINGS: 399 patients with mean age of 26.53±5.54 participated in this study. Overall, mean serum magnesium level was 1.71±0.12 mg/dL and magnesium level in RBC was 4.88±0.29 mg/dL. The mean serum magnesium level was 1.73±0.10 in healthy pregnant women, 1.73±0.12 in pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, 1.71±0.13 in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 1.64±0.15 in pregnant women with overt diabetes and there was a significant difference between the four groups (p=0.001). The result regarding RBC magnesium level was found to be 5.12±0.18, 4.81±0.23, 4.77±0.24 and 4.66±0.38 in healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with overt diabetes, respectively, which was significant (p=0.001). Serum level and RBC magnesium in diabetic women was less than non-diabetic women.
Results of the study demonstrated that magnesium could be an effective and an underlying factor in identification of disrupted glucose metabolism in pregnant women.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major medical problems. Human and chimpanzees are the only specific hosts which are naturally susceptible to HCV infection. Mice and other common laboratory animals are resistant to the virus, hence HCV prophylactic and therapeutic researches are very difficult and challenging. HCV non-structural protein 3 (NS3) is one of the most attractive targets for developing novel anti-HCV therapies as it is essential for the viral replication. This study was designed to produce stable SP2/0 tumor cell lines expressing NS3 of HCV for future basic and vaccine studies.
A lentivector expressing NS3, named PCDH-NS3, was constructed by cloning of NS3 cDNA into downstream of CMV promoter of pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-Puro-GFP. The constructed plasmid was co-transfected with pMD2.G plasmid which encodes envelope VSV G protein and psPAX2 packaging plasmid into HEK-293T cells. The lentivector-containing supernatant was collected every 12 h for 72 h and NS3-Lentivector was concentrated by ultracentrifugation. Titers of the NS3 lentivector were estimated using flow cytometry. The SP2/0 cells were then infected by NS3 lentivector. Puromycin as a selective antibiotic was added to the culture for 2 weeks to select NS3 positive cells. A single transfected clone was obtained using limiting dilution. The 1st and 6th passages of the cells cultured in vitro were harvested and NS3 mRNA was detected for by RT-PC.
The results showed that NS3 expressing lentivector plasmids and the two other helper plasmids could be transfected into HEK293T efficiently and packaged successfully as a pseudo-lentivector. Finally, the detection of NS3 mRNA in the 1st and 6th passages of SP2/NS3 cells was confirmed by establishment of a stable cell line.
SP2/0 Cell line with stable expression of NS3 can be used as a suitable tumor model to facilitate research on HCV vaccine in vitro and in mice model and it could be served as a valuable tool for pharmaceutical HCV research to pave the way for further research on NS3 vaccine function.

In recent years, influenza viruses have caused moderate to severe infections all around the world while so far there is no influenza vaccine that can protect people with only one dose of injection. In this regard, producing a universal vaccine based on virus-like-particles (VLP) could be an ideal approach.
In this study, the full-length ORF of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) gene from Influenza A virus of H9N2 subtype was amplified by RT-PCR using specific primers to produce HA cDNA. The amplicon was cloned firstly into a T/A cloning vector and then was subcloned into a pFastBacDual donor plasmid through SalI/HindIII restriction sites. The recombinant HA-pFastBacDual vector was transferred to Escherichia coli DH10Bac cells, to insert the HA gene into the bacmid DNA via a site-specific transposition process. The recombinant bacmid was then extracted and further analyzed by PCR.
Our data indicated that the HA-containing recombinant bacmid was constructed successfully using the transposition mechanism between pFastBacDual-HA and the bacmid.
The recombinant baculovirus construct in this work had proper characteristics to be used in production of H9N2 VLP in Sf9 insect cell line in the future studies.

The development of an effective vaccine against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is still a target of intensive vaccine research. The HCV envelope proteins E1 and E2 which can induce broadly neutralizing antibodies are the major candidate for this purpose. Different types of expression systems have been used to express these glycoproteins. In this study, an expression system using Pichia pastoris was used to express E1 and E2 in full length.
E1 and E2 regions containing the restriction sites from HCV 1b were separately amplified and cloned into a pPICZAa vector. The km71h strain of P. pastoris was transfected with the confirmed vectors separately using electroporation. The recombinant E1 and E2 proteins were evaluated for their antigenicity in an ELISA test and the induction of humoral immunity in mice.
The expression of full length HCV glycoproteins E1 and E2 in P. pastoris strain km71h was successfully achieved and their specific antibody was detected in serum samples from HCV infected patients. Furthermore, the recombinant glycoproteins could elicit a significant humoral immunity in mice as a vaccine candidate.
P. pastoris is one of the best eukaryotic expression systems for the production of HCV glycoproteins in full length and the expressed proteins could be used in diagnostic tests such as ELISA. The induction of humoral immune responses in mice should lead to further studies on these glycoproteins for designing an effective vaccine.

Managers need the results of scientific researches for executive planning. Considering some methodological errors in reported studies in Iran and the lack of specific and summarized references، this article aims to provide practical considerations in elderly studies. In this narrative review، we conducted a comprehensive search in all accessible electronic data bases using “epidemiology” or “methodology” and “elderly” or their synonyms as keywords. Related papers and books were selected. After review، considerable notes were extracted and presented. Considering attrition، death، and non-response rates in sample size calculation، proportional sampling from all strata، and considering differences in clinical manifestations and diagnosis are important. Matching for main confounders، considering recall bias، creating a quiet and comfortable environment to conduct the interview، allocating a certain percentage of participants to high risks، registering age and other quantitative variables in detailed and non-categorized formats، home visit for interview after receiving informed consent from the elderly or their guardians، interview at the closest location to the elderly’s residence، avoiding long interviews، considering bold and legible words in designing the questionnaire، data re-checking with proxy and documents، applying age and sex adjustment for rates، evaluating the functional status، appropriate interpretation related to odds ratio and considering the cost of the studies are the most essential considerations in aging studies. Using epidemiological methods with respect to the characteristics of the elderly enhances the quality of the collected data. Well designed studies provide policy makers with reliable evidence for planning.

Background Beta-thalassemia patients receive blood products from blood transfusion centers repeatedly. Blood transfusion can transmit Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of this study was serological evaluation of these two infectious agents in thalassemia patients. Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional study, the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing was performed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against CMV and Toxoplasma gondii in 96 thalassemia patients (under 18 years) and 144 healthy people. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square test. Results A significant difference was observed in CMVIgM antibody levels between test group and control group in women (p<0.05). The prevalence of CMV IgM, CMV IgG, Toxo-IgG, and Toxo IgM antibodies in thalassemia patients were 5.2%, 95.9%, 16%, and 0%, respectively. In all thalassemia patients, Cytomegalovirus IgG is higher than healthy people. In addition, CMV IgM antibodies are higher in female patients. Antibody screening (IgM) on blood products for detecting Cytomegalovirus is necessary, but for Toxoplasma gondii is not necessary in the Yazd transfusion center. Conclusion In all thalassemia patients, Cytomegalovirus IgG is higher than healthy people. In addition, CMV IgM antibodies are higher in female patients. Antibody screening (IgM) on blood products for detecting Cytomegalovirus is necessary, but for Toxoplasma gondii is not necessary in the Yazd transfusion center.

The human papilloma virus was introduced as the major etiological agent in outbreak of cervical cancer in 1970. Since it is impossible to recognize these viruses and these types using the serological tests and cell culture, molecular methods such as PCR are of great importance. Therefore, in this study, our goal was to use a multiple specific PCR assay on L1 and E6 genes of HPV for molecular detection of this virus and its common type’s detection in the society.
After collecting the samples from malignant lesions of various patients, the viral DNA were extracted from paraffin blocks of 50 clinical samples and the PCR method was performed on the mentioned samples by specific primers for L1 and E6 genes together with β-globin (as internal control). The PCR product was analyzed on 2℅ agarose gel and the sensitivity of this test was examined.
from among 50 samples of the patients, 33 cases were HPV positive and 17 ones were negative. The sensitivity of this test was 20 copies from recombinant construct containing target genes for each reaction.
this study confirmed that the designed PCR with specific primers on L1 and E6 genes of HPV proved to be an accurate method for detecting and determining the HPV types.

Star trackers are one of the most accurate attitude determination devices of a spacecraft. Star trackers are able to determine the spacecraft attitude with the use of recognizing the stars within their field of view. One of the major subsystems of star tracker software is the star pattern recognition algorithm. In this research a novel star pattern recognition algorithm called Non-Dimensional is considered. This algorithm can recognize the stars within its field of view without using the information of camera calibration. In order to fulfill this goal, the algorithm requires a database which contains the star inertial information. Afterwards a fast search method is used to compare the combinations on the image with database. Eventually there has been a tradeoff between database volume and the update frequency for a better performance.

Morbid or extended obesity (class III) is uncommon in pregnancy and associated with higher rates of pregnancy complications compared to women with normal weight. In this report, a successful management of pregnancy in patient with severe morbid obesity with weight 175kg and overt diabetes and chronic hypertension was introduced.CASE: A 31-year-old pregnant woman with history of overt diabetes and hypertension with weight 175kg and a body mass index of 64 kg/m2 was admitted to Ayatollah Roohani hospital of Babol, Iran. Her diabetes and hypertension well controlled. She was scheduled for a cesarean section (C/S) at 37 gestational weeks. Spinal anesthesia and C/S by Pfannenstiel incision was applied for this patient. Delivery outcome was a healthy female neonate with 3300 gr weight and Apgar score of 9-10. The mother was discharged with good condition. There were no complications at 4-month follow-up after surgery and the patient's hypertension was controlled and need for insulin decreased.

Because of high maternal and fetal neonatal complications in morbid obesity, we consider good prenatal care for her medical problems and appropriate timed fetal well being test.

HELLP syndrome is a serious presentation of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia during pregnancy and its diagnosis is difficult because of lack of specific features. This syndrome is associated with prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of HELLP syndrome with preeclampsia in Yahyanejad hospital (Babol, Iran) in the past ten years.

This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with pre-eclampcia/eclampcia who were hospitalized in Yahyanejad hospital during 10 years. Primary data, clinical and laboratory data, prenatal and maternal complications included (cesarean section, placental abruption, need to blood transfusion, liver hematoma, pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, DIC, brain hematoma and infection, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, ARDS and maternal mortality) and neonatal complications included (preterm neonates, IUGR, NICU admission and neonate mortality) were compared.

In this study, from 445 patients who were evaluated, 361 patients (81.3%) with mild preeclampsia, 83 patients (18.7%) with severe pre eclampsia and 1 (%0.2) with eclampsia were hospitalized in primary diagnosis, that 12 patients (2.7%) had HELLP syndrome symptoms. Cases of placental abruption, liver hematoma, pulmonary edema, need to blood transfusion, acute renal failure, DIC and maternal mortality in patients with HELLP syndrome was significant in compared to preeclampsia (p<0.05). Neonatal complications included preterm neonates, IUGR, NICU admission in patients with HELLP syndrome were significant in compared to preeclampsia (p<0.05). Also no case of brain hemorrhage and infection, ARDS, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, IUFD and neonatal mortality was reported.

According to the results of this study, maternal and fetal complications in patients with HELLP syndrome can be prevented and this could be result of early diagnosis and appropriate management.

Preeclampsia is one of the most prevalent diseases in pregnancy that include proteinuria and hypertension and can be associated with morbidity and mortality in mother and neonate. Endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation are considered to have a crucial role in the pathophysiologic mechanism of preeclampsia. A systemic inflammatory response involves both the immune system and the clotting and fibrinolytic system. The aim of this study was to determine the association of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) with the severity of preeclampsia.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 44 normal pregnant women, 35 cases with mild preeclampsia and 19 cases with severe preeclampsia that referred to Shahid Yahyanejad hospital, Babol, Iran. All of patients were primigravida and single pregnancy, cases over the age of 15 and gestational age of 30 to 40 weeks. Patients didnt receive betamethasone in last week. The diagnosis of preeclampsia is made whose blood pressure reaches 140/90 mmHg or greater with proteinuria (trace or greater in random urine samples). Blood sample were taken from all subjects to measure CRP and fibrinogen and send to single laboratory. Then the groups were compared.

The mean of CRP was significantly different in control (2.28±0.81) and mild preeclampsia group (4.91±5.99) (p=0.03), and there was not significant difference between control (2.28±0.81) and severe preeclampsia group (3.8±3.05). The mean of fibrinogen was not significantly different in control group (360.5±62.35) and mild preeclampsia (344.71±65.07) and severe preeclampsia groups (340.95±78.62).

Results show that CRP increased in mild preeclampsia in comparison with control group but there was not significant difference between fibrinogen level in control group with mild and severe preeclampsia.

Smoking is a known risk factor of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, athermanous plaque rupture, unstable coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death. The present study comprised 40 randomly selected healthy male hospital staff without a history of hypertension or cardiac or pulmonary disease. Participants were divided into two groups. The first group included 20 professional smokers (at least 5 pack/year till the time of study) and the second group consisted of 20 non-professional smokers defined as 0.5 pack/ year or less till the time of study. Participants were instructed not to smoke for 6 hours before the study. Patients underwent echocardiography before smoking. The participants were then asked to smoke a whole cigarette. After smoking, echocardiography was repeated within 7 to 15 minutes. Echocardiographic indices of diastolic function (E wave, A wave, Ea, E/A ratio and deceleration time) were measured before and after smoking. There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline measures in both groups before smoking and also there was no significant difference between measures in the two groups after smoking. The analysis of the pooled data from two groups showed that, smoking resulted in significant increase of heart rate (P<0.001). A wave, E wave, Ea, E/A ratio and deceleration time changed significantly after smoking (P<0.001, P=0.027, P=0.011, P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). Smoking of only a cigarette in both professional and nonprofessional smokers, resulted in the same significant diastolic dysfunctio